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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL President Michel Temer MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF PLANNING, Minister DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT José Sarney Filho Minister Dyogo Henrique de Oliveira SECRETARIAT OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY Jair Vieira Tannus Junior AND STATISTICS President Responsible Unit Roberto Luís Olinto Ramos Water Resources Office Research Office Sergio Antônio Gonçalves Claudio Dutra Crespo Geoscience Office SECRETARIAT OF BIODIVERSITY Wadih João Scandar Neto José Pedro de Oliveira Costa Responsible Unit Responsible Unit Coordination of National Accounts Ecosystem Conservation Department Rebeca de La Rocque Palis Ana Paula Leite Prates NATIONAL WATER AGENCY (ANA) Board of Directors Christianne Dias Ferreira (Chairwoman) Ney Maranhão Ricardo Medeiros Andrade Marcelo Cruz Oscar Cordeiro Netto Responsible Unit Superintendence of Water Resources Planning Sérgio Rodrigues Ayrimoraes Soares NATIONAL WATER BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF SECRETARIAT OF WATER RESOURCES AGENCY GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF PLANNING, MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL– ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING FOR WATER IN BRAZIL 2013–2015 BRASÍLIA–DF ANA 2018 © 2017, National Water Agency - ANA Setor Policial Sul, Área 5, Quadra 3, Blocos B, L, M and T. Brasília - DF, CEP 70.610-200 PABX 61 2109-5400 | 61 2109-5252 Website: www.ana.gov.br PUBLISHING COMMITTEE TECHNICAL TEAM Director João Gilberto Lotufo Conejo NATIONAL WATER AGENCY MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT Federal Prosecutor’s Office Representative/ANA Alexandre Lima de Figueiredo Teixeira Secretariat of Water Resources Reginaldo Pereira Miguel Marcela Ayub Brasil Barreto and Environmental Quality Marco José Melo Neves Adriana Lustosa da Costa Superintendents Marcus Andre Fuckner Geraldo Sandoval Goes Sérgio Rodrigues Ayrimoraes Soares Humberto Cardoso Gonçalves BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF Secretariat of Biodiversity Joaquim Guedes Correa Gondim Filho GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS Carlos Alberto de Mattos Scaramuzza Research Office Luana Magalhães Duarte Executive Secretary Cristiano de Almeida Martins Otávio Gadiani Ferrarini Mayui Vieira Guimarães Scafura Gabriela Cavalcanti de Araújo Martins Rodrigo Vieira Michel Vieira Lapip Rebeca de La Rocque Palis DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR GRAPHIC DESIGN, INFOGRAPHICS AND DTP INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ) Estúdio Marujo Geoscience Office GmbH (GERMAN COOPERATION AGENCY FOR André Polly Assumpção SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – GIZ) Ivone Lopes Batista Raquel Agra José Antonio Sena do Nascimento Júlio Jorge Gonçalves da Costa GIZ Consultants Romeu Ferreira Emygdio Bruna Stein Ciasca César Augusto Crovador Siefert All rights reserved. The data and information in this publication may be reproduced, with acknowledgment of its source. Christianne Maroun Jaqueline Coelho Visentin CIP: Library Division/CEDOC-ANA Vinicius Pacheco de Almeida A265c National Water Agency (Brazil). Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water in Brazil 2013-2015/ National Water Agency, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Secretariat of Water Resources and Environmental Quality. -- Brasília: ANA, 2018 79 p. il. ISBN 978-85-8210-055-4 1. Hydrology - Brazil. 2. Economy. I. Title CDU 556+330 Catalog record by: Fernanda Medeiros – CRB-1/1864 TABLE OF CONTENTS PRESENTATION 7 INTRODUCTION 8 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL- ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING 10 ENVIRONMENTAL-ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING FOR WATER IN BRAZIL 12 METHODOLOGY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL- ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING FOR WATER 14 RESULTS OF ACCOUNTS IN BRAZIL 20 ASSET TABLES 22 PHYSICAL SUPPLY AND USE TABLES 31 HYBRID SUPPLY AND USE TABLES 52 INDICATORS 58 FINAL REMARKS 64 REFERENCES 66 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 70 PRESENTATION IN A JOINT EFFORT, the National Water Agency (ANA), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Secretariat of Water Resources and Envi- ronmental Quality of the Ministry of the Environment (SRHQ/MMA) present the first results from the Environmental-Economic Accounts for Water (EEA-W) in Bra- zil. Such integration relies on the technical support and close collaboration of the Secretariat of Biodiversity (SBIO) of the Ministry of the Environment, and the Ger- man Cooperation for Sustainable Development through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The Environmental-Economic Accounts for Water are considered in the context of production and dissemination of information related to the balance between wa- ter resources availability and water demands from the economic sectors at a nation- al scale, according to the standardized methodology designed by the SEEA-Water (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water) of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). The consolidation of different databases, direct and indirect estimates of sec- toral water demands, and methods used to organize the information, allowed for calculating EEA-W time series (assets, supplies, uses, and hybrid accounts) for Brazil in the period between 2013 and 2015. The results present strategic information that aim at supporting sectoral planning and management actions, economic and water resources actions, by di- agnosing how the water is used by the Brazilian economic sector. This is done by organizing the information that shows evidence of the interactions between the economy and the environment, related to references in sustainable development and other public policies. In that sense, the environmental-economic accounts are a key tool for an effec- tive public management of natural resources. Particularly, EEA-W, which integrates physical indicators with monetary indicators, can influence actions and public pol- icies when it comes to integrated management of physical and monetary aspects of that resource that is vital for life. CHRISTIANNE DIAS FERREIRA JAIR VIEIRA TANNUS JÚNIOR Chairwoman of ANA Secretary of SRHQ ROBERTO LUIS OLINTO RAMOS President of IBGE Environmental–Economic Accounting for Water in Brazil 7 INTRODUCTION BRAZIL HOSTS A BROAD RESERVE OF natural resources, which provides the Recent events in Brazil illustrate the relationship between water resources and country with comparative and competitive advantages in the economic context. the economy. The water crisis in 2014 and 2015 in the Southeastern region of the The Amazon region, with its large biodiversity and acknowledged contribution to country directly interfered with the sanitation and electric power sectors. There was the global climate, the soil and the climate aptitude for the agribusiness in the Cer- great impact on the financial health of large Brazilian corporations in the sanitation rado biome, surface and groundwater availability, and the strategic mineral reserves sector. In the last few years, consumers felt the negative consequences of increasing highlight Brazil as a global relevant actor in both environmental and economic is- power generation costs due to the use of thermoelectric power plants, which had to sues, with notable share in the global market for mineral and agricultural commod- be activated because the existing hydroelectric power plants were not able to meet ities. With the continuous growth of global demand for goods and services, there is a the supply needs, as there was not enough rainfall and reservoir levels have dropped clear pressure increase over the Brazilian environmental resources and subsequent a lot. The drought in the Pianco-Piranhas-Acu river basin, in the Brazilian semiarid risk of adverse economic and social impacts. area, resulted in large economic losses² estimated from June 2012 to June 2017, af- Water plays an undeniable role in that cycle of expansion and development. fecting different sectors that use water. In 2015, a tailings dam rupture in Mariana 2. Economic loss Water is the theme of national and international programs, agreements and agen- (MG) strongly affected all the economic activities that depend on the waters of the estimates are presented das that establish norms to follow regarding its availability and quality as a natu- Doce River, reducing individual and collective assets. in a study conducted ral resource. Brazil has advanced in water resources management, with important All those facts illustrate the link between the economic, social and environmen- by ANA, in partnership milestones since the 1930’s, culminating with the development of the National Wa- tal systems, among many other examples experienced in Brazil. Therefore, it is man- with the Getulio Vargas ter Resources Policy¹ and the National Water Resources Management System in datory for countries to gradually move from the development based on segmented Foundation, available at: 1. Act # 9,433, as of 1997, 1997, in a continuous process of implementation and enhancement. sectoral policies to the adoption of an integrated and comprehensive management goo.gl/8xy57V. which established the Great challenges are involved in the conservation of aquatic ecosystems, such approach, to clearly show the relationship between the economic system and the National Water Resources as negative impacts caused by chaotic occupation and use of urban environments, hydrological system, in such a way as to formulate and implement public policies Policy in Brazil, is known non-conservation practices of land and water use in rural areas, low percentage of based on evidence of those interconnections. as the ‘Water Act’. domestic wastewater collection and treatment, global climate changes, which cause In