Vanishing Treasures Vanishing Treasures Program

Home , Bates Well Ranch, Thunder River Trail

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Partnership Issue

Year-End Report Fiscal Year 2008 and Funded Projects for 2009 Acknowledgments:

Executive Editor: Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon

Editor-in Chief: Randy Skeirik

Contributing Editors: Jake Barrow

Advisor: Sande McDermott

All reports and photographs were provided by park VT staff unless otherwise credited.

State maps were produced by the NPS Intermountain Region Geographic Resources Program, Denver, CO.

Cover Photo: The corral and cattle chute at Gachado Line Camp near the Mexican border in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Photo: Randall Skeirik Table of Contents

Message from the Vanishing Treasures Program Manager...... 1 At-Large VT Program Staff Preston Fisher...... 2 Jake Barrow...... 2 Randy Skeirik...... 3 Feature Articles The National Park Service and Partnering: A History of Public Involvement...... 5 Conservation And Field Study At The University Of Vermont Douglas Porter (School of Engineering, University of Vermont)...... 7 Vanishing Treasures: Experiences from a University Partner R. Brooks Jeffery (College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Arizona)... 9 Personnel, Projects and Budgets

Arizona...... 12 Canyon de Chelly National Monument...... 14 Casa Grande Ruins National Monument...... 15 Flagstaff Area National Monuments - Wupatki and Walnut Canyon...... 17 Fort Bowie National Historic Site...... 20 Grand Canyon National Park...... 21 Montezuma Castle and Tuzigoot National Monuments...... 23 Navajo National Monument...... 24 Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument...... 25 Tonto National Monument...... 26 Tumacacori National Historical Park...... 27 California...... 30 Joshua Tree National Park...... 32 Manzanar National Historic Site...... 33 Colorado...... 34 Mesa Verde National Park...... 36 New Mexico...... 40 Aztec Ruins National Monument...... 42 Bandelier National Monument...... 44 Chaco Culture National Historical Park...... 47 El Malpais and El Morro National Monuments...... 50 Fort Union National Monument...... 53 Pecos National Historical Park...... 54 Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument...... 55 Texas ...... 58 Fort Davis National Historic Site...... 60 San Antonio Missions National Historical Park...... 60 Utah...... 62 Canyonlands National Park...... 64 Glen Canyon National Recreation Area...... 66 Hovenweep National Monument...... 67 Wyoming...... 68 Fort Laramie National Historic Site...... 70

Appendices...... 79 Appendix A: Definition of Vanishing Treasures Resources...... i Appendix B: Terminology...... i Appendix C: Vanishing Treasures Leadership Committee...... ii Appendix D: Vanishing Treasures Advisory Group...... ii Appendix E: Vanishing Treasures Annual and Cumulative Funding...... iii Appendix F: Vanishing Treasures FY 2008 Project Funding...... iv 1 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Message from the Vanishing Treasures Program Manager

A major focus of the Vanishing Treasures Leadership Committee(VT LC) this year was the revision of the VT Charter. After careful consideration, pen was put to paper and the revised Charter was accepted and signed by the Regional Directors (RDs) of both the Intermountain and Pacific West Regions. Leadership Chair Corky Hays, along with the appropriate regional VT representative, accompanied me to present the revised Charter to the Regional Directors. Both RDs continue to strongly support the VT Program and expressed their belief that significant resource preservation has resulted from the program’s efforts and focus. They also recogninze that what makes the Program unique, and strengthens it role in the NPS, are the cultural connections that are fostered between the resources themselves and associated local and traditional communities. Both Directors emphasized the need to continue our focus on the philosophy of preservation, and to expand our capabilities through partnering.

In early September 2008, the Vanishing Treasures Program received national exposure when the Associated Press article “Ruins in Ruin” was printed and received national distribution. This article resulted in great public interest in VT, and we received numerous offers of financial and partnering support for the Program.

Encouraged by this response, we have been exploring the possibility of creating a “friends” group for Vanishing Trea- sures. With this in mind, I attended the Association of Partners for Public Lands (APPL) Conference. It was eye-opening to see the amount of work that is being accomplished on federal lands through partnerships and partnering efforts. At the same time, I learned that establishing a friends organization for a multi-park program such as VT would be unique since, typically, friends groups are designed to support individual parks. The unique characteristics of such a partnership have required ongoing legal fact-finding as we work to develop a partnership mechanism that can support VT Program efforts. Despite these challenges, a program-wide friends group, or some other form of partnership venue, continues to be a high priority for the Program.

In addition to my attendance at the APPL conference, the superintendent of the San Antonio Missions National Histori- cal Park (SAAN) presented a session to the VT LC on SAAN’s successful partnership efforts when we met in San Antonio. The primary message he delivered was that while friends organizations and partnerships can initially be very time con- suming, once the right people are in place, amazing work can be accomplished when working toward common goals.

In May, the Vanishing Treasures Program cosponsored the IMR Comprehensive Resource Stewardship Conference. The goal of this conference was to foster a holistic view of resource management issues and not artificially separate cultural and natural resource impacts. The VT Program coordinated with the Archeology Program for a day of pre-conference Affinity Meetings that were well attended. Many interesting topics were presented, some of which included natural resource components. It was a great opportunity for VT staff from many disparate parks to meet and exchange information.

A continuing objective of the VT Program is to pro-actively offer assistance to the parks in the program that may not have received substantial support from VT in the past. This support may take the form of help in developing and implementing PMIS projects or through Technical Assistance site visits. This year, Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL) received a team visit from the VT Program staff. The primary purpose of the visit was to provide a condition assessment of the main cliff dwellings and outlying sites that were identified by the Superintendent. We were able to research and identify restored portions of the sites to assist the park with preservation planning efforts, and we found that all of the sites within the park are in very stable condition. The superintendent also coordinated an assessment of a heavily visited site in the adjacent USFS Gila Wilderness. Unfortunately we found that the USFS site had suffered significant damage. The Vanishing Treasures team prepared a report for the USFS archeologists outlining various preservation strategies.

With the support of the leadership, the VT Program intends to continue to offer on-site assessment support to parks that may not have benefitted from VT funding in the past. In addition, under the leadership of Jake Barrow, we are currently finalizing the Preservation and Management Guidelines for Vanishing Treasures Resources. Look for this new resource to be completed and distributed within the year.

Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon Vanishing Treasures Program Manager Message from the Program Manager Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 2

At-Large VT Program Staff • Zion National Park – Evaluated structural stability of Cable Mountain draw works and made preservation and stabiliza- Preston Fisher, Structural Engineer tion recommendations; Although I am stationed at Mesa • Canyonlands National Park – Evaluated and made stabiliza- Verde, 80% of my time is intended tion recommendations for several sites along the Green River to be spent serving the needs of the Corridor; other 44 parks in the VT Program. • Chaco Culture National Historical Park – Inspected At Mesa Verde, I served as the Con- conditions and evaluated the effectiveness of structural tracting Officer’s Representative supports installed in the 1970’s. (COR) on a contract to replace site • Carlsbad Caverns National Park – Evaluated structural shelter panels at Sun Point Surface condition of CCC era historical buildings and made Site shelter on the Mesa Top Loop at stabilization and rehabilitation recommendations. Mesa Verde. • Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument – Participated in VT Team assessment of the Gila Cliff Dwellings and, in I provided assistance to a number of VT parks, including: cooperation with US Forest Service (USFS) staff, contributed • Aztec Ruins National Monument - Evaluated recent crack- to an assessment of the Cosgrove Site on USFS land near the ing observed at the Great Kiva. Recommended a monitoring Gila Cliff Dwellings. strategy and assisted with installation and monitoring of the In addition, I partnered with the Bureau of Land Management monitor points; • Lake Meredith National Recreation Area – Evaluated con- (BLM) to review stabilization and preservation methods and ac- ditions at McBride Ranch House and made preservation and tivities for the Fairbanks Mercantile Building near Tombstone, stabilization recommendations; AZ, making recommendations for structural stability issues in • Casa Grande Ruins National Monument – Downloaded its south bay; I participated in a Job Fair at Fort Lewis College in data from crack meters and data loggers installed in 2007. Durango, CO; and attended VT backfilling discussions that were Evaluated the data and determined there has been no signifi- held at Aztec Ruins NM in April, 2008. I also attended the VT cant movement at any of the monitoring points to date; Leadership Committee meeting in San Antonio, TX, and orga- • Tonto National Monument – Evaluated potential moisture nized and moderated two discussion panels for the Intermoun- problems that may be associated with a fault running through tain Region (IMR) Comprehensive Resource Stewardship Con- the Lower Dwelling. Provided recommendations for moni- ference that was held in Tucson, AZ in May. toring the upper retaining wall at the Lower Dwelling during I am excited to be a part of the VT Program as it transitions into subsurface investigations behind the wall; the 21st century. I continue to be available to VT parks to provide • Montezuma Castle National Monument – Evaluated struc- assistance in evaluating and monitoring the structural integrity tural condition of some cracked vigas throughout the site and of their resources, and developing and recommending actions recommended placement of supports in areas where foot traf- that can be taken to stabilize, preserve, and protect these fragile fic on upper levels are damaging roofs in rooms below; resources.

Jake Barrow, Exhibit Specialist FY 2008 was an active year with hardly The first, at Keane Wonder Mine, will sort out complex engineer- a moment to reflect. This short piece ing issues of the deteriorating timber tramway and result in a field offers an opportunity to take a larger school of applied stabilization. The second, at Scotty’s Castle, is view of the year after some months conducting primary research to find wood preservatives that will have passed. My time in the office was deal both with UV deterioration and water repellency while re- focused on preparing a history of ru- specting the patina of age. ins treatment for the Preservation and At Fort Davis, a summer field school (also with UVM) occurred for Management Guidelines for Vanishing the fourth year in a row to preserve the Post Hospital. A two day Treasures Resources. While this work has been rewarding in many ways, it adobe and plaster workshop open to the public was held. Over- doesn’t compete with the field activities whelming public interest resulted in an overflow crowd. generated from the technical assistance The hospital project (supported by a Save America’s Treasures requests. It was a banner year. grant) is nearly concluded with just a few punch-out items re- Serving either as agreements technical representative or as con- maining. This project preserves the original fabric and augments sultant to the CESU process (University partnerships) had me in- interpretation of that fabric with the re-introduction of floors and volved at Death Valley, Fort Davis, and El Morro. The Death Valley stabilizing compensating plasters which draw attention to original projects, being accomplished by the University of Vermont (UVM) 19th fabric. While it pushes the definition of ruins stabilization, the Heritage Program in Engineering, are focused on two very impor- hospital project fits, since the primary focus has been preserving the tant challenges, both addressing issues of wood deterioration and original highly authentic resources. Fort Davis has some of the rich- preservation. est examples of authenticity to be found in a frontier fort.

Messages from the VT Staff 3 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

A personal highlight of the year was stabilization work at Fort Bot- The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) started a summer field tom Cabin in Canyonlands. Noreen Fritz organized a project fo- school at El Morro, in which I briefly participated. This represents cused on needed log preservation at this cabin in the back country. the 18th year of field work by the Architectural Conservation Labo- After planning, a team put together by the park convened at the ratory at UPenn in the Southwest and it is always a learning experi- cabin for a workshop in sill replacement, dutchman splicing, corner ence to be associated with them. UPenn has for many years now fo- stabilization, pinning of posts and lintels, and Boracare treatment. cused on the conservation of earthen surfaces at sites within Mesa Verde. This challenging work is sure to provide beneficial results. Access to the site was by boat and we all camped out on the beach of the Green River. Since there was no going down to Home Depot Other requests took me to Organ Pipe, San Antonio, Bandelier, Sali- to pick up a missing tool or supply, we all made do with what we nas Pueblo Missions, Aztec, Gila, Casa Grande, Pecos, Big Bend, Fort Craig for BLM, and Columbus, NM for the Landmarks Pro- had. It worked. What really impressed me was the “can do” attitude gram. In addition, I managed the out-placement of the Santa Fe on the part of all there. We had some assistance from the trail crew Conservation Lab to the State of New Mexico in a partnering ven- which proved absolutely invaluable. Nothing deters that trail crew. ture and also oversaw a regional Volunteers in Parks program.

Randy Skeirik, Historical Architect As has been the case over the past four At Guadalupe, I had the opportunity to visit several sites includ- years, last year was a busy one. I con- ing a stage stop on the Butterfield Trail, a remote ranch house, an tinued my duties as the Resource Man- early dugout, and a rancher’s line camp. Each of these sites pre- agement Division Chief at Montezuma sented different preservation challenges and appropriate treat- Castle and Tuzigoot National Monu- ment recommendations were prepared for each one. ments (MOCA/TUZI) until just before In May I attended the Intermountain Region’s Comprehensive the end of the fiscal year. In September Resource Stewardship Conference that was held in Tucson. This a park base increase allowed us to hire was a great opportunity to meet and interact with natural and a new, permanent, full-time natural resource manager who assumed the Re- cultural resource staff not only from VT parks, but many parks source Division Chief duties, relieving throughout the region. me of that responsibility. As a result, The following month I was in Phoenix to represent the VT pro- the end of the fiscal year found me moving into a new office, and gram in a meeting of the AZSHPO and the southern Arizona looking forward to a drastically altered workload. For the first Parks. Annual meetings between the SHPO and the parks are re- time since coming to the NPS, I should be able to allocate my time quired, but had not been occurring regularly. This meeting was more along the 80/20 percent split that was envisioned when the intended to restart that process. In July I was back in Phoenix to historical architect position was first created. attend one of the regular meetings of the cultural resource man- Prior to all that, I began the year with a trip to the Intermountain agers from southern Arizona parks. As always, these meetings Regional Office to sit on the concessions panel for Zion National are informative and give all the participating parks the opportu- Park. On the way, I was able to participate in an adobe workshop nity to meet, share information, and stay informed on the past at the Church of San José de Gracia in Las Trampas, New Mexico and upcoming resource activities at the parks. that was co-sponsored by the NPS and Cornerstones Community Although my desktop publishing skills continue to improve, I Partnerships. In November I attended the quarterly meeting of still find myself spending a considerable amount of time produc- cultural resource managers of southern Arizona parks. ing this report. Everyone in VT parks needs to remember to take The spring of 2008 began with a site visit to Organ Pipe Cactus pictures of your staff as they are performing preservation related National Monument which was followed in close succession by duties so that we can show our readers what we, as a program, are a week of supervisory training, technical assistance visits to Zion accomplishing. and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks, the VT Leadership As always, Preston, Jake and I are all available, at no cost your Committee meeting in San Antonio, and a meeting of the southern Arizona National Parks with representatives of the Arizona park, to provide specialized technical assistance for Vanishing State Historic Preservation Office (AZSHPO). Treasures Resources. I am available to all VT parks to provide architectural preservation services. I can assist with the identi- At Organ Pipe, I discussed broad preservation issues with VT fication, research, planning, treatment, and preservation main- archeologist Joe Tuomey, and visited several sites to make pres- tenance of historic and prehistoric structures. I can also help ervation recommendations. At Zion, I revisited two log cabins to document existing conditions, define treatment actions, and in Kolob Canyon, and I accompanied Supervisory Archeologist prepare historic structure reports, and I can assist parks that lack Sarah Horton to the upper terminus of the cable draw works. The draw works, a small heavy-timber structure that was used to low- staff experienced in the preparation of VT SEPAS proposals to er lumber from the mesa down to Zion Canyon, has suffered from develop competitive project proposals. exposure to the elements and many of its timbers have severely I continue to look forward to expanding my role in both the over- deteriorated. A plan is being devised to stabilize and preserve the all management of the program and the preservation of individ- structure. ual VT resources.

Messages from the VT Staff Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 4

Feature Articles

The National Park Service and Partnering: A History of Public Involvement...... 5

Conservation And Field Study At The University Of Vermont: CESU And Resource Preservation In Vanishing Treasures Parks...... 8

Vanishing Treasures:

Experiences from a University Partner...... 13

Feature Articles 5 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

The National Park Service and Partnering: A History of Public Involvement

With the creation of the National Park Service in 1916, NPS vices coordinator. She started her NPS service by focusing on leaders and superintendents found themselves with a handful of two Intermountain Regional Partnership Roundtables. These parks and a clearly defined mission, but only limited resources brainstorming sessions were sponsored by the Rocky Mountain with which to get their parks under management and provide Nature Association and the Western National Parks Associa- memorable visitor experiences. NPS Director Stephen Mather tion, both long-standing partners. Collectively the sessions knew that building public support for the fledgling National drew Executive Directors from twenty nonprofit partners and Parks was crucial for their future. A creative mix of resourceful- twenty IMR park superintendents. ness, philanthropy, and partnering with outside groups all con- Her coordination duties include liaising with park partners, the tributed to the growth of the National Park system. Washington-based Partnership office, and Interpretation offices While resourcefulness and philanthropy still play large roles, to explore ways to expand fund raising efforts, retail operations, over the last quarter century, partnerships have become increas- and other in-kind services that support our parks. At the same ingly important as a way to get things done, both within and be- time, Krista also serves the cooperating associations in the In- yond park boundaries. In fact, many of the parks that have been termountain Region. established in the last twenty-five years have clear mandates to Taking a different approach, partnerships in the Pacific West partner, and some national parks and NPS programs operate Region (PWR) are managed by the Partnerships Advisory Com- almost exclusively through partnerships. Heritage areas and mittee. The mission of this committee is: corridors, and national trails and rivers are all examples of part- • to serve as a forum to build capacity for effective and sus- nership units. tainable partnerships to advance the missions of the parks The idea behind heritage areas, heritage corridors, and national and programs of the Pacific West Region of the National trails and rivers is to offer an innovative method for citizens, Park Service; working in partnership with local, state, and Federal govern- • to enable the PWR to demonstrate regional and national ments, and nonprofit and private sector interests, to shape the leadership in addressing trends, opportunities, issues, long-term future of their communities. The partnership ap- problems, and barriers related to effective partnering in a proach creates the opportunity for a diverse range of constitu- timely manner; ents to come together to voice a range of visions and perspec- • to develop informed responses, solutions to problems, tives. By definition, partners must work collaboratively to shape workable processes to problems and model initiatives; and plans and implement strategies that will work to the benefit of all • to maintain PWR leadership in innovative, cutting edge involved. partnering Inclusive by their very nature, partnerships foster involvement, Many parks in the Intermountain Region already work with involvement leads to awareness, and awareness leads to action, the Western National Parks Association, but there are 17 other all of which encourages a culture of stewardship. strong cooperating associations that are available to provide To take full advantage of the benefits of partnering, partnership direct cash aid, interpretive products and services, and in-kind management has become a core competency essential to both donations to these parks. the NPS mission and the delivery of a higher level of public ser- Another form of partnering, one that is available to all parks vice. The challenge now facing the Park Service is to more effec- regardless of size or location, is the National Network of Coop- tively develop that competency by building on past partnership erative Ecosystem Study Units. Cooperative Ecosystem Study successes and developing new capacities servicewide. Our chal- Units (CESUs) were established to provide research, technical lenge, at every level, is to effectively align and leverage resources assistance, and education to federal land management, environ- to enable NPS employees and our partners to create and sustain mental, and research agencies and their potential partners. effective partnerships. Multiple federal agencies and universities are among the part- Throughout the National Park Service, we can find a wide range ners participating in this program. CESUs incorporate biologi- of program activities and functions that incorporate successful cal, physical, social, and cultural sciences that can be used to partnerships. Anecdotally, and in the findings of a 2001 NPS address resource issues (both natural and cultural) and provide survey for the Office of Management and Budget, we know that interdisciplinary problem solving at multiple scales in an eco- certain parks have been especially successful in building and system context. Benefits of these cooperative efforts include maintaining a strong and highly productive partnership culture. high-quality science, usable knowledge for resource manag- But there remains much room to improve partnering capacity ers, responsive technical assistance, continuing education, and throughout the NPS. cost-effective research programs for Federal land management The 2001 survey also showed that parks can readily identify ad- agencies, environmental and research agencies, and the nation's ditional partnerships that they need to initiate or foster, as well universities. as the under-performing partnerships that need more atten- A number of the Vanishing Treasures funded projects described tion and support by trained staff. To assist parks in creating or later in this Report were designed to include partnerships. You improving partnerships the Intermountain Region (IMR) has can read about these projects in the submissions from Aztec Ru- recently hired a new full-time Partnership Coordinator, Krista ins National Monument, Bandelier National Monument, Chaco Muddle. Culture National Historical Park, El Malpais National Monu- Krista came to NPS from the Association of Partners for Public ment, Mesa Verde National Park, Navajo National Monument, Lands (APPL) where she spent five years as the educational ser- and Walnut Canyon National Monument.

Feature Articles Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 6

For additional information on partnering in the National Park dinator Service you can contact Krista Muddle at the Intermountain [email protected] Regional office ([email protected], 303.969.2356) or Great Basin CESU Martha Lee in the Pacific West Region ([email protected], Dr.. Angela Evenden, Research Coordinator, Great Basin CESU 925.838.0249). [email protected], 775.784.4583 For information on the National Network of Cooperative Eco- Desert Southwest CESU system Study Units you can visit their web site at: http://www. cesu.psu.edu/. Larry L. Norris, NPS Southwest Research Coordinator [email protected], 520.621.7998 NPS contacts for CESUs included within the Intermountain and Pacific West Regions are: Rocky Mountain CESU Kathy Tonnessen, Natural Resources Research Coordinator Colorado Plateau CESU [email protected], 406.243.4449 Anne Trinkle Jones, Cultural Resources Coordinator [email protected], 928.523.0680 Great Plains CESU Gary Willson, Research Coordinator Californian CESU [email protected], 402.472.5047 James Shevock, National Park Service Research Coordinator [email protected], 510.643.0665 Gulf Coast CESU Louise Hose ,Primary Contact Pacific Northwest CESU [email protected], 979.845.9787 Chris Lauver, PNW CESU Co-leader and NPS Research Coor-

Feature Articles 7 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

CONSERVATION AND FIELD STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT: CESU AND RESOURCE PRESERVATION IN VANISHING TREASURES PARKS Douglas Porter, School of Engineering, University of Vermont

Since 2002, the University of Vermont has hosted a series of field study projects designed to advance the field of historic preservation through the development of pilot and model conservation treatments. Many of these projects involve federal agencies as project cooperators and are administered by the Pacific North- west CESU Program through the University of Washington. Field study projects provide opportunities for students to complete degree requirements while becoming familiar with current conservation technologies and developing employment prospects with project partners. Initially conducted within the Graduate Pro- gram for Historic Preservation, in 2005 the field study program was expanded to include students from the School of Engineer- ing as well. Today the program operates within the School of En- gineering, though students from both programs continue to be involved. The projects include conservation research, design, and imple- Trainees learn to make adobes at Fort Davis NHS. mentation, combining traditional trades (e.g., adobe making, Photo: Iannis Avrimides plastering, period millwork production, brick and stone masonry) with preservation technologies (e.g., non-destructive evalu- of architectural heritage and community traditions throughout ation, materials testing, sensors and structural monitoring, and the Greater Southwest working to revitalize communities and af- treatment design). Three of the project sites are in Vanishing firm cultural values. Treasures parks including the Post Hospital at Fort Davis Na- Scotty’s Castle, an estate built by Chicago millionaire Albert tional Historic Site, and Scotty’s Castle and Keane Wonder Mine, Johnson in the 1920s, is located within Death Valley National both in Death Valley National Park. The work at Fort Davis was Park. While Scotty’s Castle is not a Vanishing Treasures site, it is focused on the stabilization and partial restoration of the adobe in a VT park and is likely to yield results useful at VT sites. Most Post Hospital, a key interpretive site within the Park. At Scotty’s of the wooden architectural features on the exteriors of the nine Castle, the project includes condition assessment and both lab- surviving buildings are made of redwood and date from the time oratory and in situ testing of conservation treatments for red- of original construction. More than 80 years of exposure to the wood architectural elements on the nine buildings of the Scotty’s harsh desert environment has damaged the exterior woodwork. Castle complex. This year, work at Death Valley National Park The School of Engineering at the University of Vermont is as- was expanded to include engineering evaluation and emergency sisting the Park in the investigation of treatments that will help stabilization of the aerial tramway at Keane Wonder Mine. All of protect the wood from weathering due to ultraviolet exposure. these projects are multi-year efforts. Work at Scotty’s Castle and To achieve this goal, the University of Vermont and Park staff Keane Wonder Mine is ongoing. participated in a conditions survey and assessment of over 3,000 At Fort Davis National Historic Site, a series of field school proj- exterior redwood elements on the buildings. Based on the condi- ects (2005-2008) focused on stabilizing surviving historic fabric, tions encountered in the field, the University conducted a review improving public access and interpretation, and partially restor- of current literature and developed a testing program for evalu- ing the envelope of the historic Post Hospital. The scope of work ation of UV and visible light stabilizing treatments. The testing included the conservation of historic plasters; reconstruction and program includes accelerated and natural weathering tests, in situ reinstatement of missing millwork (primarily doors, windows, treatment testing, and pilot treatment of selected portions of the and floors) critical to the preservation and interpretation of the woodwork. Student research assistants have been involved in all building; and adobe repairs and application of a compensating aspects of site work, development of a survey database, literature plaster in areas where historic plaster no longer survives. Work- review, and the testing program. The accelerated weathering test ing with NPS, the university assembled a project staff specialized was recently completed, and sample coupons have been installed in the conservation technologies and traditional trades necessary in a weathering rack on site. Project participants are evaluating to complete the work. Each field school generated student intern- test results, and treatment of a portion of the estate woodwork is ship positions. Interns were selected from the Historic Preserva- scheduled for the 2009/10 winter season. tion Program and the School of Engineering at the University of In 2009, the School of Engineering began work with the National Vermont, as well as from similar programs at other universities. Park Service and professional partners on the assessment and In addition to the internships, training was also made available initial stabilization of the aerial tramway at the Keane Wonder to graduates of university programs, owners of adobe homes in Mine, a gold mine active between 1903 and 1916. In 2008 the NPS nearby communities, and practicing professional conservators. closed the site to public access due to safety concerns; until then it A portion of the work was conducted as a Vanishing Treasures was one of the most frequently visited mine sites in the Park. The training program, so that NPS personnel participated in the train- project includes a structural evaluation of the tramway towers, ing as well. Non-profit partners included Cornerstones Commu- terminals and contiguous structures; a wood assessment to iden- nity Partnerships an organization dedicated to the preservation tify wood species, determine the allowable grade for comparison

Feature Articles Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 8

to the engineering requirements, and quantify remaining sound levels, which created opportunities for students to study and use wood; and design and implementation of repairs and stabiliza- new technologies (e.g., nondestructive evaluation of structural tion strategies. The University of Vermont assembled a team con- woodwork, measurement of axial loads in iron truss elements, sisting of a wood scientist, a structural engineer, an architectural etc). In 2006, I moved from the Historic Preservation program to conservator, a preservation specialist, and a student research the School of Engineering and began operating the field projects assistant to conduct condition assessment and determine repair as a program of the School. The School began using historic sites needs of the tramway; this team may be expanded in the future for student projects in Geotechnical Design and Senior Capstone in order to work on other sites within the park. Fieldwork was courses. A colloquium on the development of heritage preserva- done with assistance from the Vanish- tion engineering curricula is sched- ing Treasures Engineer, Historical Ar- uled for June 2009 as the School of chitect, and staff and volunteers from Engineering continues to develop the park. Repairs will be addressed heritage preservation engineering as through a field school that will focus a new area of focus. on training park staff and students The application of engineering tech- in the repair techniques to be imple- niques to historic buildings, materi- mented. als, and structural systems present The field school program at the Uni- a number of unique challenges that versity of Vermont has produced are seldom addressed in university measurable benefits for parks and stu- programs. Many of these challeng- dents. The research facilities of the es are the result of a commitment university have been brought to bear to preserving the authenticity and on specific problems occurring in the historic integrity of heritage struc- parks, treatment strategies have been tures on the one hand, and ensuring developed, pilot treatments have been public safety on the other. American conducted, and in some cases repair universities have been slow to de- work is underway. Scores of students velop curricula focused on heritage have participated in grant-funded education for engineering students, project activities on nationally sig- and as a consequence students are nificant sites through class projects, not receiving training in many of research assistantships, and intern- the issues encountered in ruins sta- ships. In addition, field study projects bilization. But as the roles that en- have served as the basis for thesis re- gineers play in historic preservation search, and cooperation with federal become more prominent, universi- and non-profit partners has created ties must take the lead in teaching employment opportunities for gradu- The assessment crew working on the aerial tramway, and research focused on quantita- ating students. Keane Wonder Mine, April 2009. tive techniques and methodologies An important and unique aspect of Photo: Douglas Porter applied to the engineering evalu- our experience at the University of ation and remediation of heritage Vermont is that structural and civil engineering have taken in- structures. Participation in field study projects, like those occur- creasingly prominent roles in these projects. Field schools were ring in Vanishing Treasures parks, have helped the University of originally conducted by the Historic Preservation program. As Vermont to begin to address this issue. the work became more technically demanding, it encouraged in- Acknowledgments: I would like to thank our project partners terdisciplinary collaboration between the Historic Preservation at Fort Davis National Historic Site and Death Valley National program and the School of Engineering. Engineering faculty and Park, Vanishing Treasures staff, our non-profit partners, and the practicing professionals began to participate directly in some students and volunteers who have devoted so much time and en- of the projects, both at research and treatment implementation ergy to making these projects successful.

UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO The School of Architecture and Planning at the University of New Mexico (UNM) is exploring opportunities for field study in the western parks. Field study projects will be conducted in conjunction with UNM’s Historic Preservation and Regionalism Program. Research Associate Professor Douglas Porter is taking the lead in developing these projects. Candidate projects should be focused on preservation technologies and traditional trades used in the conservation of archeological and historic sites in the west, and should create internships, research assistantships, and/or capstone projects for students enrolled in the program. For more information, please contact Douglas Porter at: The University of New Mexico, School of Architecture and Planning MSC04 2530 Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 (802) 324-7528 [email protected]

Feature Articles 9 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Vanishing Treasures: Experiences from a University Partner R. Brooks Jeffery, College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, The University of Arizona

Introduction these and other institutions provide students real-world experience The Preservation Studies program at the University of Arizona, Col- in the complexities of navigating this inter-institutional professional lege of Architecture and Landscape Architecture has maintained a environment. relationship with the National Park Service since 2000 through the Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU) Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (CESU) program. This rela- In 2000, the University of Arizona was selected by the National Park tionship has allowed all the participants – parks, university pro- Service as the regional host of an inter-agency Cooperative Ecosys- grams, and students – to enter into a win-win-win situation by pro- tem Studies Unit (CESU). The purpose of the CESU is to integrate viding opportunities for training, introduction to the National Park the cultural and natural resource needs of a number of federal agen- Service as a career, and a financial mechanism to support preserva- cies – spearheaded by the National Park Service – with the techni- tion programs such as ours. Because of the geographic location of cal expertise available from university-based faculty and students our program, many of the parks in which we work are Vanishing through funded projects. The University of Arizona’s Preservation Treasures parks where the students can be exposed to the critical Studies has benefitted greatly from this collaborative partnership issues and unique challenges of cultural resources management in providing para-professional expertise in over 20 projects for Van- the arid West. Our program also addresses the need for training ishing Treasures and other parks in both the Desert Southwest and the next generation of park professionals to replace the vanishing Colorado Plateau CESUs. These parks include Organ Pipe Cactus, human treasures. This paper summarizes the experiences of this Salinas Pueblo Missions, Walnut Canyon, El Malpais, Chiricahua, nearly 10-year relationship between the National Park Service, the and Casa Grande Ruins, National Monuments; Grand Canyon, Vanishing Treasures program, and the University of Arizona as well Mesa Verde, Saguaro, Zion, Bryce Canyon, and Petrified Forest as a profile of one of this relationship’s signature projects, the Mis- National Parks; and Tumacacori, Pecos, and San Antonio Missions sions Initiative, then concludes with generalized observations based National Historical Parks; and the Intermountain Regional Office on these experiences. based in Santa Fe. Preservation Studies at the University of Arizona Through service-learning courses, design studios, and summer team Since the 1970s, the University of Arizona’s Preservation Stud- projects, as well as independent thesis and capstone research proj- ies program has been at the forefront of preservation issues facing ects, the Preservation Studies curriculum provides field school-type buildings, cities, and landscapes of the Greater Southwest, defined opportunities for students to work on a number of project types in- by the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. From cluding historic structures reports, building rehabilitation, National the Pueblo and Hohokam prehistoric cultures and the Spanish Co- Register nominations, ruins shelter design, design and maintenance lonial missions, presidios, and towns to the American Territorial guides, cultural landscape inventories and reports, and inter-park vernacular built environment and 20th century revival and modern programmatic initiatives. influences, this region is saturated with cultural resources of inter- Missions Initiative - Heritage Without Borders national significance creating a fluid landscape that is constantly One of the inter-park programmatic initiatives that the University remaking itself. of Arizona’s Preservation Studies program has developed and ad- The mission of the Preservation Studies program is to educate stu- ministered is the Missions Initiative, begun in 2001. The goal of the dents in the preservation of the built environment as part of a com- Missions Initiative is to guide the development of an international, prehensive conservation ethic. Through curricular, research, and multidisciplinary partnership for the cultural resource management outreach activities, the program is: of the hundreds of Spanish Colonial mission sites in the southwest- Interdisciplinary, teaching holistic problem-solving within an in- ern United States and northern Mexico. Representatives from the tegrated environment of natural and cultural resources; United States National Park Service (NPS) and their Mexican coun- Inter-institutional, promoting collaborative engagement between terpart, the Mexican Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia public and private institutions with a curriculum incorporating (INAH), are collaborating to protect cultural resources and pro- community service as a method of learning; and International in scope and regional in application, defined by the climatic conditions of arid lands and the geography of the Greater Southwest Preservation Studies is supported by interdisciplinary faculty from many programs at the University of Arizona including Arid Lands Studies, Anthropology, Renewable and Natural Resources, History, Art History, and Materials Sciences as well as research facilities including the Arizona State Museum, the Environmental Research Laboratory and the Materials Science Testing Laboratory. Tucson is also home to a number of regional and national research facilities critical to preservation, including the National Park Service’s Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC), Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, and the Sonoran Institute, as well as municipal, regional, and state governmental agencies. Throughout the curriculum, service-learning opportunities with Home page of the Missions Initiative web site.

Feature Articles Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 10

mote heritage tourism through the re-establishment of historic links among Spanish Colonial mission sites, including many Vanishing Treasures parks. This initiative has fostered cooperative partnerships between independent research organizations, academic institutions, non-profit agencies, ecclesiastic authorities, and partners in federal, state, and local governments throughout the Greater South- west thus promoting an ethic of heritage without borders. The specific objectives of the Missions Initiative include: Development of multi-disciplinary scholarship, research, publications, and curricular programs focused on Spanish Colonial mission sites; Application of appropriate documentation standards and preservation treatments to mission buildings, archeological resources, and cultural landscapes; Application of appropriate stewardship practices, including site management, interpretation, and technical training; and Support of economic development of mission sites and their communities through promotion of heritage tourism. NPS Exhibit Specialist and adobe expert David Yubeta (center) is vid- To implement these objectives, the Missions Initiative has embarked eotaped as part of a TICRAT AZ|SON workshop. on a number of projects: Photo: R. Brooks Jeffery Communications. The Missions Initiative has created, and continues to develop, a bilingual web site, (www.missions.arizona. locations. Beyond just technical preservation skills, the compen- edu) that serves as a clearinghouse for the dissemination of in- dium would include best practices in other thematic criteria such formation, publications, reports, video-based webinars, contact as site management, financial sustainability, and heritage tourism. resources for professional services, and on-going Missions Initia- Observations tive activities. Working with Vanishing Treasures parks through the CESU net- Workshops. In November 2008, the Missions Initiative sponsored work has produced a great number of projects and relationships. a binational TICRAT (Taller Internacional de Conservación y Res- It has also provided the opportunity to reflect on these experiences tauración de Arquitectura de Tierra, or International Workshop with a set of observations that might guide parks and other univer- on Conservation and Restoration of Earthen Architecture), held sity partners in their future projects. consecutively at Tumacacori, Arizona and Pitiquito, Sonora. The Collaboration must begin before projects begin, requiring multi- TICRAT AZ|SON, as it was called, drew 50 participants includ- agency participation and respecting that not all partnerships are ing NPS and INAH craftsmen and agency officials, academics, equal. Like team-based decision making, the success of a project private-sector building professionals, community participants, is based on an honest assessment of each team member’s contri- and students from numerous states on both sides of the border bution requiring collaborative consultation in advance of project for a week-long event of lectures, case studies, tours, and, most initiation. This is also true of multi-disciplinary collaboration importantly, hands-on field workshops in the areas of build- within parks, particularly in the attempt to balance natural and ing assessment and stabilization, adobe brick-making, and lime cultural resource priorities. plaster preparation and application. Throughout the workshop, videographers accompanied the workshop capturing the entire Vanishing Treasures and the National Park Service must look week’s core knowledge, construction principles, and technical outside of the agency for models of collaboration and resource skills with the goal of disseminating it to a much broader audience stewardship as well as cooperative ventures. Resources know no via web-based videos and webinars in both English and Spanish jurisdictional boundaries, yet the CESU network has very little available on the Missions Initiative web site. Other TICRATs are participation from federal land management agencies outside being planned, as well as other workshops on other preservation the National Park Service. Other federal, state, and municipal issues. agencies, as well as private and non-profit cultural resource firms, could provide alternative, and sometimes more innovative, mod- Inventory Project. The project team has recently received funding els that could be applied to the National Park Service, and vice- for the development of a meta-database and protocol to provide versa. one comprehensive source for resource location, condition, management, and protection data from a variety of existing databases. Funding priorities in the National Park Service are natural re- The goal is to provide retrievable information in a commonly de- source-biased. More funds for research, projects, and training veloped database with an inventory of mission sites in the Ameri- must be directed to cultural resources – and specifically the Van- can states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, and the ishing Treasures program – to sustain our nation’s cultural re- Mexican states of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, sources for future generations. There is also a need to provide Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. funding for more interdisciplinary projects that integrate natural and cultural resource assessment, treatment, and management so Preservation Best Practices. A project currently seeking funding that park leadership is less burdened with making trans-disciplin- is the development of a compendium of case studies of various ary management decisions on their own. mission sites to use as prototypes of preservation projects to be disseminated through the Missions Initiative web site and other The creation of the next generation of Vanishing Treasures per-

Feature Articles 11 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

The Mission of Santiago y Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Cocóspera in Sonora, Mexico, one of the sites included in the Missions Initiative. Photo: R. Brooks Jeffery sonnel requires a much stronger relationship between the National curricular infrastructure to support the center’s mission. Univer- Park Service and educational institutions. Vanishing Treasures sities could also provide an ideal forum for resource management and universities are an ideal inter-agency partnership in an era of education of the next-generation of technical and executive profes- decreased funding for both federal agencies and state universities. sionals in both cultural and natural resources. Universities are ideal partners that can provide neutral facilitation advocacy in the stewardship of park resources and inter-park programmatic initiatives, such as the Missions Initiative. The Univer- sity of Arizona’s Preservation Studies program is a model for such R. Brooks Jeffery a partnership providing interdisciplinary, para-professional educa- Associate Dean tional opportunities in a service-learning environment. For their Coordinator, Preservation Studies part, parks, in their transition from relying on private-sector professionals for cultural resource services to the use of the CESU network College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture of universities and students, must also modify their expectations of The University of Arizona professional quality deliverables with the para-professional skills 520-621-2991 that students can provide. For this partnership to be successful, the [email protected] CESU network must also provide a much stronger peer network for http://cala.arizona.edu/preservation university partners to share best practices and provide feedback to www.missions.arizona.edu the CESU leadership with the goal of continued improvement. Finally, there is a need for a National Center for Preservation Tech- nology and Training (NCPTT)-type research & training center focused on specific needs of cultural resources of the arid West that corresponds to the mission of the Vanishing Treasures program. This center could be a stand-alone facility, like NCPTT, or could be aligned with a park or university with the facilities, personnel, and

Feature Articles V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Arizona

Mummy Cave Ruins, Canyon de Chelly National Monument Photo: Michael Denson u Canyon de Chelly National Monument u Casa Grande Ruins National Monument u u Coronado National Memorial u Fort Bowie National Historic Site u u Grand Canyon National Park u Montezuma Castle National Monument u u Navajo National Monument u Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument u u Petrified Forest National Park u Saguaro National Park u Tonto National Monument u u Tumacacori National Historical Park u Tuzigoot National Monument u u Walnut Canyon National Monument u Wupatki National Monument u Arizona Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: Grand Canyon National Park $53,200 Tonto National Monument $109,000 Walnut Canyon National Monument: $110,800 Wupatki National Monument: $113,300 Vanishing Treasures 2007 Year-End Report 14

Canyon de Chelly National Weekly division safety meetings were held time term archeological technicians (GS-5) Monument throughout the duration of the field season. over a field season that began in April and continued through October, 2008. Concur- (CACH) VANISHING TREASURES STAFF rently she was responsible for the process- Jennifer L. Lavris, Archeologist ing of data and the management of informa- VANISHING TREASURES FY 2002 Position tion collected in the current and in previous ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND years. The Control Point Network project Jennifer is an archeologist, specializing in CHALLENGES was designed by Jennifer in 2008 and was North American archeology, historic archi- funded through a Western National Parks VT Challenges and Successes: The biggest tecture, human osteology, database manage- Association (WNPA) grant. challenge in the management of Canyon de ment, digital imaging, and Egyptology. This Chelly National Monument is balancing the year, Jennifer co-managed the park Cul- Jennifer also continued work on the di- needs of a living Navajo community with tural Resources Program with Keith Lyons vision’s digital imaging project, which is the needs of a sustainable and effective re- (see below). Her primary duties included digitizing all historic park photography, the source management program. In addition, archeological database management; Sec- color slides and black and white prints from the canyon’s erosional environment poses tion 106/110 compliance; Native American the 1990s Archeological Preservation Proj- a significant long-term challenge to VT re- Graves Repatriation and Protection Act ect (APP), and the 1940s David DeHarport sources. (NAGPRA) compliance, archeological site archeological survey photos. To date, over Consultation: Canyon de Chelly consulted monitoring, the development of project and 5,000 images have been digitized, with all with the Navajo Nation’s Historic Preser- research designs, and the management of digitized photographs correctly renamed vation Department on a periodic basis and the program’s budget. and organized into an image database. The database will be cataloged and will be has kept the tribe informed of projects and Jennifer served as the database manager for activities as they relate to park cultural re- the Watershed Project Archeological Sur- searchable by keywords. sources. vey (WPAS), DeHarport Archeological Site Training: Jennifer completed instructor-led Safety: In FY 2008, the Cultural Resources Relocation Survey (DASRS), Archeological training with the Topcon GPT-9003A ro- Division maintained an effective safety pro- Site Management Information System-Cor- botic total station, Topcon static/RTK GR-3 gram. Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs) were rective Action Plan (ASMIS-CAP 2008), and GNSS (multi-constellation) system, and the developed and maintained for all projects as Control Point Network projects. In that ca- handheld Topcon GMS 2 data collection well as for office and front country duties. pacity she supervised two base-funded full- system.

Cultural Resource Management crew setting up a control point network along the North Rim using Holman’s Topcon surveying equipment. Photo: Michael Denson

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 15 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Keith D. Lyons, he facilitates a broad Archeologist range of park research FY 2003 Position that includes both cultural and natural re- Keith is an archeologist, sources. specializing in North American archeology, In November, Keith site preservation, cultural presented an update of landscapes, human osteol- ongoing park archeo- ogy, and archival manage- logical projects dur- ment. In FY 2008, Keith ing the park’s Annual along with Jennifer Lavris, Guides Training. co-managed the park Cul- Training: In FY 2008, tural Resources Program. Keith completed in- His primary duties instructor-led training cluded archeological site with the TOPCON monitoring, field supervi- GPT-9003A robotic sion, Section 106/110 and total station, Topcon NAGPRA compliance, static/RTK GR-3 GNSS archeological survey and (multi-constellation) overall program develop- system, and the hand- ment. Keith also contin- Holly Johanns recording site conditions at Mummy Cave Ruins. held Topcon GMS 2 ued to manage park col- Photo: Michael Denson data collection system. lections this past year, which included man- inventory project, which aims to generate He also attended PEPC Training held at aging the park museum and database. Keith an accurate report of the park’s scientific Petrified Forest National Park and he com- served as the field supervisor for the WPAS, archives. This inventory will include all ar- pleted the Telnet course entitled “Ethics for DASRS, ASMIS-CAP 2008, and Control cheological site files, bound and unbound; New Supervisors.” Point Network projects. In that capacity he site and stabilization reports; photography; supervised two base-funded full-time term and maps. Keith is also responsible for en- archeological technicians (GS-5) through a tering park projects into the Planning, En- VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT field season that began in April and contin- vironment, and Public Comment (PEPC) FUNDING ued through October, 2008. database/web site. In FY 2008, he also be- Canyon de Chelly National Monument did Keith continued to design the park archival came the Park Research Coordinator, where not receive project funding this year.

Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: Casa Grande Ruins National Monument’s highest priority for resource protection and ruins preservation is to ensure that all of the exposed archeological features are fully documented and protected from acceler- ating deterioration resulting from previous disturbances, poor site drainage, differential fill erosion, and animal interactions. Our greatest success is attributable to the help of special projects funding that has allowed us to significantly expand the Re- sources Division. In 2008, the division in- The Big House at dusk, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. cluded one permanent, one term, and three Photo: Jim Creager

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 16

seasonal staff, plus several volunteers. With this enhanced staffing, we have begun to compile site histories, draft site preservation plans, and enhance our consultation with Native American tribes. We are also implementing recommendations for documentation, updating condition assessment, continuing our monitoring program, and implementing recommended preservation treatments. We also drafted a preservation plan for Compound B that includes a thorough history of an earlier site study, as well as the excavation and stabilization of the site. Consultation and review of this plan has been initiated. Resources staff and volunteers reviewed all of the uncataloged files and maps from the monument’s library and staff offices. All of the maps were digi- Stabilization work on Compound A, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. tally scanned and transferred to the West- Photo: Courtesy Casa Grande Ruins National Monument ern Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) for long-term curation. The ruins Safety: The predominant safety-related presentation at the Seminario Internacional stabilization records and other documents challenge for monument staff is reaching the de Conservacion y Restauracion de Archi- relating to the construction, renovation, upper levels of the Great House and the Ru- tectura de Tierra (SICRAT) sponsored by the or preservation of historic structures were ins Shelter for monitoring and maintenance Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Histo- inventoried and itemized according to lo- tasks. Occupational Safety and Health Ad- ria (INAH) at Paquimé in Casas Grandes, cation and task before inclusion in the up- ministration (OSHA) scaffolding regulations Chihuahua, Mexico, and she hosted provin- assume different site conditions than those dated central administrative filing system cial monument directors from Afghanistan at Casa Grande. The digitized maps and found at Casa Grande; nevertheless, safety as a participant in a training and exchange inventoried files have been an essential ref- requirements mandate that contractors program sponsored by the State Depart- erence tool for resource management plan- and staff comply with OSHA regulations. ning efforts in 2008. A Monument goal is to acquire scaffolding ment and the George Wright Society. Emergency fill level restoration was con- training to accommodate our unique condi- Rebecca was also the Intermountain Re- ducted at five archeological sites within the tions and meet OSHA requirements. gion recipient of the Appelman-Judd-Lewis park in 2008, and an active hive of bees was Award for Resource Management. removed from a structural crack in the north VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Rebecca specializes in condition assessment, exterior wall of the Great House. Through Rebecca Carr, Archeologist preservation, and resource management money from the Federal Lands Recreation FY 2001 Position for earthen and masonry architecture, and and Enhancement Act (FLREA), we initi- This position was originally filled as an Ex- she has experience applying conservation ated a 3-D documentation project for the hibit Specialist. When Larry Stewart ac- treatments to earthen murals. She has also archeological features at publicly accessible cepted the position of Chief of Maintenance archeological sites in the park, and this high worked with historic mining structures, and in 2004, it was converted to an Archeologist level of documentation will continue with performed community outreach, non-profit and Rebecca was hired to fill the vacancy in additional funding from the Vanishing Trea- management, and museum collections ac- FY 2005. sures Program in 2009. tivities within historic mining communities. In FY 2008, Rebecca supervised the re- Consultation: During consultation meet- She has formal training in integrated pest source staff and oversaw all of the park’s ings, two suggestions were made by our management (IPM) for historic structures cultural resource projects as well as its in- affiliated tribes and both have become the and archeological sites and is licensed by tegrated pest management program. As an subject of new funding proposals. One sug- the State of Arizona Structural Pest Control important component of resource manage- gestion resulted in a funding proposal to Commission as a pesticide applicator. ment projects this year, Native American the National Park Foundation for $9,965 to consultation resulted in increased dialog Training: Rebecca participated in a full conduct a workshop with park rangers and week of safety training, Museum Manage- culturally affiliated tribes to improve the between members of the park’s culturally interpretation of cultural resources at Casa affiliated tribes and park staff. ment Training, and ANCS+ museum and Grande Ruins National Monument. The Rebecca made two presentations at the archival collections management software second resulted in an application to the Na- Intermountain Region Resource Steward- training in FY 2008. tive American Graves Protection and Repa- ship Conference; one on the historic use of triation Act (NAGPRA) FY 2009 Internship plaster amendments at Casa Grande and its VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Program to facilitate cooperation with our implications for cultural resource manage- FUNDING culturally affiliated tribes on ethnographic ment today, and another that focused on consultations relating to the proposed Visi- Integrated Pest Management research at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument tor Center Expansion Project. park. Rebecca was also invited to make a did not receive project funding this year.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 17 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Flagstaff Area VANISHING TREASURES STAFF National Monuments. With Lyle Balen- National Monuments Lloyd Masayumptewa, Archeologist quah’s and Ian Hough’s positions remain- FY 1998 Position ing vacant through FY 2008 (see below), (FLAG) Lisa has taken the lead on some preserva- Lloyd was hired in May 2007 to fill the tion activities in both parks and she has suc- The Flagstaff Area Monuments Supervisory Archeologist position that cessfully directed the implementation of a are comprised of Wupatki (WUPA), Al Remley vacated in August 2006. With number of field projects. Sunset Crater Volcano (SUCR), and Al Remley’s, Lyle Balenquah’s and Ian Hough’s positions remaining vacant into FY Walnut Canyon (WACA) National Archeologist 2008, he was actively involved in a number Monuments FY 2000 Position (Vacant) of preservation projects and assignments related to VT resources including work at This position, previously filled by Lyle VANISHING TREASURES both Wupatki (WUPA) and Walnut Canyon Balenquah, was vacant for all of FY 2008. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND (WACA) National Monuments. Lloyd was Lapse salary was used for other park needs. CHALLENGES responsible for implementing and contract- VT Challenges and Successes: Our main ing all preservation activities in both parks Archeologist challenge this year was obtaining an access with assistance from his crew. He and his FY 2003 Position (Vacant) route to a backcountry project site and preservation crew successfully completed This position, previously filled by Ian completing the compliance needed to five Cultural Cyclic projects and two VT Hough, was vacant for all of FY 2008. Lapse do so. A route was needed to get backfill projects, and they initiated a CRPP-Base salary was used for other park needs. material to the site, and the most expedient inventory project at Sunset Crater National way was through motorized means. Once Monument. John Cannella, Geographer/ we had worked our way through the In addition, Lloyd has had responsibility for Geographical Information System (GIS) wilderness compliance process, getting writing work plans; writing project propos- Specialist FY 2004 Position (TERM the work done was relatively easy. We als; closing out the Archeology Program’s converted to Permanent) were able to save from imminent collapse budget; writing completion reports for FY John was hired in May, 2004, to fill the Flag- three rooms that had been excavated in the 2008 projects; submitting the FLAG Ar- staff Area National Monuments GIS/Data- 1960s to a depth below floor level, leaving cheological Site Management Information base Management position, a unique posi- the basal stones exposed. The successful System (ASMIS) data and superintendent’s tion that is jointly funded by the VT Pro- completion of this project was a major certification; conducting employee apprais- achievement for the park. als; and overseeing the day-to-day opera- gram and the Natural Resource Challenge tion of the archeology crews. Program. His position was converted to a Consultation: No consultation-related permanent position during FY 2007. problems were encountered. Lisa Baldwin, Archeologist In FY 2008, John was responsible for over- Safety: A utility vehicle (UTV) was safely FY 1999 Position all GIS and Data Management for FLAG, used to move a considerable quantity of In FY 2008, Lisa was actively involved in a including administration of park cultural backfill material to our project site, which databases and GIS data sets. He worked was located about half a mile from the number of preservation projects and as- on developing cultural resource GIS data staging area. signments related to VT resources including work at both Wupatki and Walnut Canyon sets, including site datums, site boundary,

Panoramic view from the Citadel, Wupatki National Monument. Photo: Randall Skeirik

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 18

Preservation crew member TJ tamping fill in Antelope House, Wupatki National Monument. Photo: Courtesy Wupatki National Monument. site feature, and isolated occurrence layers VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Leadership, we have been able to complete with metadata for each of the Flagstaff Area FUNDING the documentation of four of the five Fort Monuments. With the help of Cultural Re- Complexes, and we hope to complete a con- Walnut Canyon National Monument source staff, John also implemented a flex- dition assessment on some or all of the Sec- ible information management system to Project Name: Architectural Condition ond Fort Complex in FY 2009. Assessment of Fifth Fort store and retrieve digital site files, maps, and The Fourth Fort Complex project involved images from GIS. He also provided ongo- Project Summary: Within the Monument conducting formal condition assessments ing GIS/GPS support and training for FLAG boundaries are five fort sites for which and documentation on ten architectural cliff Cultural Resource staff. FLAG has been attempting to derive more dwelling sites (WACA 10-11 and 210-217). In addition, John has developed and im- defined information. In FY 2008, funding These ten sites, located in the eastern sec- plemented an agreement to provide GIS that was originally intended for the Fifth tion of Walnut Canyon National Monument, services to three National Monuments Fort Complex (a project that was completed date to the Elden Phase (A.D. 1125-1250) of in northern Arizona (Tonto, Montezuma ahead of schedule last year) was applied to a the Sinagua Culture. Although these sites Castle, and Tuzigoot) that will mine existing project to complete the Fourth Fort Com- were recorded as part of an archeological data and create metadata and data manage- plex (which is slated to receive funding in survey of Walnut Canyon National Monu- ment directory structures that conform to FY 2009). Because of property ownership ment in 1985, the information was too gen- Intermountain Region guidelines. This has problems with the Second Fort Complex eral for use in long-term preservation plan- proven to be a highly successful partnership (part of the site is outside park boundar- ning and mitigation. The maps and photos because of both a strong emphasis on com- ies), we have revised our project schedule that were created were not comprehensive munication between parks and the ability to with VT Leadership Committee approval and did not capture necessary information select outstanding GIS talent from North- to provide time to negotiate an agreement on the condition of the Fourth Fort sites. ern Arizona University’s (NAU) GIS certifi- with the in-holder. Thanks to this flexibil- Furthermore, many of the sites have been cate program. ity on the part of the of the VT Chair and the subjected to a policy of benign neglect

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 19 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

emergency stabilization and backfilling of the site. Project Budget: $113,300 Personnel: $27,130 Vehicles: $1,425 Travel/Training: $1,691 Supplies/Materials: $6,122 Equipment: $1,461 Services/Contracts: $74,956 Other: $216 Project Accomplishments: Antelope House was extensively documented beginning in 1987 when it was re-recorded as part of the Wupatki Survey. Planimetric maps, architectural documentation, and condition assessments were completed in 2001. Prior to the implementation of this project, aerial photographs and a topographic map of the area around Antelope House were initiated under contract with Western Mapping, Inc. The project consisted of backfilling three of the rooms (1, 2, and 8) that were excavated in 1965. Because the site had been left exposed since the 1965 excavation project, Backfill is placed in selected rooms at Antelope House, Wupatki National Monument. continued deterioration of the exposed Photo: Courtesy Wupatki National Monument. flooring and footings posed a risk to the for a number of years and have never been CESU). Working together with our staff remaining architecture, which averaged 2 documented, assessed, or treated. of term and seasonal archeologists, the meters high in the three rooms slated for backfilling. Project Budget: $110,800 university students produced planimetric maps (plan views, wall elevations, and cross The rooms were first cleaned of any vegeta- Personnel: $29,476 sections) and documentation photography tion and then lined with geotextile to differ- Vehicles: $0 (scaled black-and-white prints and color Travel/Training: $2,155 entiate original material from backfill. Ster- slides), and they filled out tabular condition ile fill, ranging from 25 to 50 cm, was added Supplies/Materials: $2,120 assessments forms. A final report will be Equipment: $0 to protect exposed original fabric. The fill produced that summarizes the condition of was contoured to allow water to drain into Services/Contracts: $21,401 the sites and provides recommendations for Other: $55,648 the center of the rooms and away from future preservation treatments. standing walls. A total of 3,450 gallons of fill Project Accomplishments: This project were added to the three rooms. addressed the lack of information on the VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT The fill was transported from the New integrity (amount of original intact architec- FUNDING ture remaining), condition (stability, types Heiser Maintenance yard by a pick-up Wupatki National Monument and rate of deterioration, threats); and pro- truck pulling a hydraulic dump trailer using posed preservation treatments needed at Project Name: Perform Emergency Treat- a well-established dirt road. The fill was de- each site to keep the architecture in a good, ment/Repairs for Antelope House Pueblo posited at a staging area ½ mile down from safe, and stable condition. The data collect- Project Summary: Antelope House, locat- Antelope House, where it was transferred ed during this project will be used to iden- ed in the Wupatki Basin, was first recorded by a Bobcat to the UTV for transport up to tify areas in need of treatment, to develop by Harold Colton of the Museum of North- Antelope House. The route taken by the effective preservation plans, and establish ern Arizona in 1932. The Park Service, un- UTV followed alluvial washes and a route a schedule, if necessary, for cyclic preserva- der the direction of Charles Voll and Martin established during the 1965 excavation and tion maintenance. In addition, the informa- Mayer, excavated and stabilized Antelope stabilization project. The fill was stockpiled tion will provide baseline data for long-term House in 1965. The artifact assemblage in- at a second staging area near the pueblo and monitoring to determine if, and at what rate, dicates a possible AD 1100-1250 occupation hauled by wheelbarrow and buckets to the architectural fabric is being lost or altered as by Ancestral Puebloan peoples. rooms. The UTV trail and staging areas were rehabilitated at the end of the project. a result of environmental processes or hu- Excavated in 1965, Antelope House, an man activity. eight-room pueblo with two detached In addition, some minor stabilization work The project was a collaborative undertak- structures and four wing walls, had been left was done in the form of repointing mortar ing between the National Park Service and untreated and exposed to the elements for joints, filling holes and voids, and resetting Northern Arizona University via a coopera- over 40 years. Continued exposure would capstones. All the work performed during tive agreement under the Colorado Plateau have soon resulted in the collapse of several this project will be documented in a com- Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit (CP- rooms. This project involved conducting pletion report.

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 20

Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: This year, our stabilization crew concentrated on repairing Fort Bowie’s water reservoirs. Work was completed on four water reservoirs: the Main Reservoir (LSC14086), Reservoir (LCS14085), Reservoir (LCS14088), and the Indian Agency Reservoir (LCS14122). Three of the reservoirs were located off the trail and were harder to access than most other structures. Materials and equipment had to be hauled to these remote sites on an ATV and great care was taken to avoid dam- The Second Fort, Fort Bowie National Historic Site. age to the area surrounding the sites. Photo: Courtesy Fort Bowie National Historic Site The reservoir work was accomplished considerable distance from roads or trails. they also made repairs to four other struc- ahead of schedule, allowing us to turn our Materials for stabilization were hauled to the tures that were listed in poor condition on attention to four foundations that were site in wheelbarrows or on ATVs, requiring the LCS. These were the last four structures listed in poor condition on the List of Clas- considerable attention to the terrain around in poor condition on the list, fully satisfying sified Structures (LCS). These structures each site. Utilizing proper footing and lift- Government Performance and Results Act included Earth Closet (LCS14071), Earth ing techniques, no injuries were incurred. (GPRA) goal Ia5-Historic Structures (LCS) Closet (LCS14073), Fire Hydrant Founda- to bring 100% of the park’s historic struction (LCS14065), and a Stone Retaining VANISHING TREASURES STAFF tures on the current List of Classified Struc- Wall (LCS14108) at the First Fort. As a re- tures into good condition. With completion Fernie Nunez, Masonry Worker sult, these foundations have now been re- of treatment to these four structures, em- FY 1998 Position turned to good condition. phasis can now shift to routine maintenance Safety: Safety considerations remained the Fernie and the stabilization crew had an ex- that will ensure that all of the park’s LCS same as in previous years: sun, heat, wasps, ceptional year in FY 2008. Not only were structures remain in good condition. and snakes. This year, however, several of they able to complete the stabilization of Fernie is skilled in adobe work, plastering, the structures we were working on were a four large reservoirs well ahead of schedule, and rock pointing. He is also good with small engines and maintaining equipment in good operating condition.

Phil Tapia, Masonry Worker FY 1999 Position Accomplishments: As lead person of the stabilization crew, Phil procured materials scheduled for stabilization work, documented techniques used, and assisted the crew with the field work. Under his direction, four reservoirs were repaired and four additional structures were brought from poor to good condition. Phil is very good with adobe work, plastering, and rock pointing. He is the lead person for our annual ruins stabilization projects, monitoring and documenting the work performed.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Seasonal maintenance worker Ethan Mower and Fernie Nunez plastering a reservoir FUNDING at Fort Bowie National Historic Site. Fort Bowie National Historical Site did not Photo: Courtesy Fort Bowie National Historic Site receive project funding this year.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 21 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Grand Canyon National Ellen served as the contracting officer’s the placement of a septic system and later Park representative (COR) on the Clear Creek completed the preliminary report on the mapping project, completing a VT mapping Hermit Septic data recovery findings as (GRCA) effort that was initiated in 1999. During well as the architectural findings of the this project, a new site locus and new Furnace Flat excavation that took place at VANISHING TREASURES features were identified, mapped, and the end of 2007. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND recorded. Both a series of maps and a Ellen is skilled in condition assessment, CHALLENGES technical mapping report were produced. architectural documentation, analysis Consultation: Grand Canyon Vanishing Additionally, Ellen participated in the of data collection activities, form and Treasures staff successfully consulted on Grand Canyon Archeological Project, manual development, digital cartography, two occasions with the Navajo Nation for excavating and recording architectural graphic illustration, AutoCAD, Illustrator, work on historic wooden structures and features at the Palisades site. She also GIS, and database development. She also consulted with our other 11 affiliated conducted VT condition assessments on a specializes in archeology applications Native America tribes and the Arizona State group of sites along the North Kaibab trail, for digital cartographic and architectural Historic Preservation Office (AZSHPO) on assisting with site condition assessments illustration using AutoCAD and Illustrator; a ruins stabilization project at the Transept for the Archeological Sites Management GIS development and use; database Ruin site. Information System (ASMIS), assisted with development related to recording the preservation work at the Transept ruin, architectural features; review of data Safety: Over the course of a 45 day field and assisted with routine preservation forms and data collection practices to season, the Grand Canyon Vanishing housekeeping at Tusayan Ruin. improve retrieval and analysis of data for Treasures crew completed both a research-based syntheses; development condition assessment project in the Deer Ellen co-led a survey project in the Creek and Tapeats Creek drainages and Pasture Wash area as part of a week-long of procedures manuals and stabilization other ruins preservation activities while Grand Canyon Field Institute hands-on histories; development and use of data successfully maintaining employee safety. archeology class; she participated as part collection techniques such as DNR Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs), hazardous of a team that developed a new interpretive Garmin, Pathfinder Office, and associated risk assessments, and safety walk-around display for the Bright Angel Pueblo; data collectors. procedures were written for both field and and she was the project leader for the Training: Ellen attended a mortar lab activities. Safety issues were discussed September Colorado River Management workshop conducted at Casa Grande with the crew to foster an attitude of “safety Plan monitoring project. Along with Steven National Monument and attended many first”, resulting in no lost-time injuries for Schooler, Ellen monitored 59 sites and informative workshops during the IMR VT personnel. The seasonal field crew recorded one new site during the 18-day Conference for Comprehensive Resource also attended a one-day backcountry trip; and she planned treatment activities at Stewardship. safety workshop hosted by staff of the several high use areas along the Colorado park’s Division of Visitor and Resource River. Ian Hough, Vanishing Treasures Protection. Ellen was a presenter at the Intermountain Archeologist VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Region Resource Stewardship Conference FY 2005 Position Ellen Brennan, Lead Vanishing Treasures in May, 2008. She also directed data Ian completed Vanishing Treasures Archeologist recovery activities at an archeology site stabilization, condition assessment, and FY 2000 Position in the Hermit’s Rest area in advance of architectural documentation projects at

Sunrise on the Esplanade, Grand Canyon National Park. Photo: Frank Romaglia

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 22

site access, this project did not involve volunteers and no services were received from outside parties. Project goals were met, and exceeded, by collecting new and updated site information (site descriptions, photographs, site maps and global positioning system coordinates). Of the 11 sites investigated, nine were found to be in good condition, one in fair condition, and one in poor condition. The 44 structures documented included 23 nearly complete granary rooms and 21 open-air coursed masonry structures. All but 4 of the granaries are either completely or partially intact and stable. The remaining four are unstable; and gradual, natural collapse is likely. The well Seasonal archeologist Margie Shaw documents a granary. preserved granaries all contained original Photo: Courtesy Grand Canyon National Park. masonry of stone and mortar materials. seven sites including Bright Angel Ruin, AutoCAD, Illustrator, Trimble GPS and GIS Two of the open air-structures studied Tusayan Ruin, Transept Ruin, Tapeats software; and database development. are collapsed, while the remaining 19 are Creek, Deer Creek, Thunder River Trail, partially or completely intact and stable. and Zuni Point historic Native American VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Although each room and structure showed structures. FUNDING signs of varying degrees of impact from He participated in the Grand Canyon Project Name: Complete Condition exposure to natural erosion, none will Archeology Project conducted at the Assessments of Architectural Sites in the require physical treatment in the next 5 Ivo site on the Colorado River, where Deer Creek and Tapeats Creek Drainages years to slow or stop these impacts. The greatest threats to the original architecture he completed feature excavations and PMIS Number: 115236 conducted architectural documentation are visitor overuse and vandalism, both of and condition assessments. He Project Summary: The project involved which are to be addressed with frequent also designed a research project for completing condition assessments for monitoring and law enforcement patrols. architectural earthen mortars for this architectural sites located in the Deer In addition to the Deer and Tapeats Creek project. Creek and Tapeats Creek drainages in the sites, three large stabilized architectural Grand Canyon backcountry. Ian continued testing stabilization material sites (Transept Ruin, Bright Angel Ruin, for Tusayan Ruin, Kiva A. Through this Project Budget: $53,200.00 and Tusayan Ruin, all of which are Personnel: $31,886.60 open for public interpretation) received testing, the all-organic Stabilizer Solutions Vehicles: $2,551.13 stabilization maintenance with funding and product has been selected as the preferred Travel/Training: $1,934.31 personnel from this project. Prior to the material for stabilizing the Kiva bench cap Supplies/Materials: $4353.96 2008 stabilization maintenance, Transept in 2009. Equipment: $584 Ruin was badly degraded and unstable; Ian also participated in the Intermountain Services/Contracts: $11,890.00 Bright Angel Ruin was overgrown with Region Resource Stewardship Conference Other: $0 thick vegetation and needed drainage in May in Tucson, AZ, where he presented Project Accomplishments: This project improvements; and one structure at results of the 2006 3-D scanning and was designed to collect baseline condition Tusayan Ruin was in poor condition, documentation of historic Native American information on architectural remains and due to weathering of a previously wooden structures. He also made a assess preservation needs at 11 archeology stabilized feature. These three small- presentation on the testing of stabilization sites containing 44 individual structures scale housekeeping-type projects served materials at Grand Canyon at the in the Tapeats and Deer Creek drainages as training for the seasonal Vanishing preservation materials testing workshop at at Grand Canyon National Park. All sites Treasures crew and all three sites are now Casa Grande NM. were selected for their exceptionally well- in good condition. The total cost of the Ian has specialized in the areas of historic preserved architecture and their proximity project was $53,200.00, all of which was Native American wooden structures, to areas with high visitor use that have obligated in FY 2008. GPS data collection, and Stabilizer impacted archeology sites in the past. Five additional sites in Deer Creek will be Solution material application. He Fieldwork for the project was completed in examined during the fall of 2008 and spring is skilled in remote-area VT project FY 2008 with project tasks (both fieldwork of 2009. The estimated time needed to planning; condition assessment; and office) conducted by Grand Canyon complete the remainder of the project is architectural documentation methods National Park Archeology (Vanishing two weeks. Once the project is complete, for Puebloan, historic Native American Treasures) staff including Ellen Brennan, a technical report of the project will be and Historic Euro-American structures; Ian Hough, Margaret Shaw and Tom Fuller. prepared and published on the park’s web digital cartography; graphic illustration; Because of the strenuous nature of the site.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 23 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Montezuma Castle and Tuzigoot National Monuments (MOCA/TUZI)

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF John Schroeder, Archeologist FY 1999 Position, Converted in FY 2004 John started at Tuzigoot as a Student Tem- porary Employee Program (STEP) archeological technician in February, 2004. In 2005, after the retirement of one of our VT masons, the position was converted to an archeologist, and John was moved into that position as a Student Career Experi- ence Program (SCEP) archeologist. John served in that position until May of 2008 when he left to take a position at Joshua Tree National Park. Prior to his departure, John continued to oversee the completion of the stabilization of a series of 19 cavates located at Mont- ezuma Castle National Monument and the publication of a narrative report outlining Maintenance Chief Bill Osterhaus and Archeologist Matt Guebard inspect the interior previous work, current conditions, and of Montezuma Castle. recommendations for stabilization treat- Photo: Randall Skeirik ments. The cavate stabilization followed intact masonry walls, plastered floor sur- get acquainted with the park’s resources last year’s project that generated metri- faces, fire pits, storage cists, and wall and and our pending and ongoing projects. cally scaled plan view maps and AutoCAD ceiling plaster. We expect to see many accomplishments elevation drawings, medium-format pho- FY 2008 saw processing of the data col- listed in the next VT Annual Report after tographs of all architecture, and research lected in FY 2007 for the documentation Matt has had a full year on-the-job. into previous stabilization work—all of of Montezuma Castle using 3D light de- which were incorporated into the final re- Matt will also serve as the park’s compli- tection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning. port. The cavate project was particularly ance coordinator, GIS specialist, collec- The the final images will be delivered in interesting because the features had never tions manager, and research coordinator. FY 2009. been historically stabilized and retained Stefan Sloper, Masonry Worker The multi-year project at Tuzigoot Pueblo FY 1999 Position, Converted to Term, continued with the documentation work Subject-to-Furlough in FY 2006 now more than 80% complete and approximately 70% of the stabilization work VT masonry worker Alex Contreras re- completed. tired in June, 2006 and his position remained vacant through most of FY 2007. Preparations were made this year for the Late in FY 2007 the position was adver- documentation and stabilization of a num- tised as a term preservation mason and ber of outlying sites at Montezuma Well, a was awarded to Stefan Sloper who started detached unit of Montezuma Castle that early in FY 2008. is centered around a spring-fed limestone sinkhole. Although John left at the be- Previously, Stefan had worked with Alex ginning of the field season, archeological in a seasonal position on the stabilization technician Josh Kleinman was able to con- of Tuzigoot pueblo. tinue preparations for this project with As in previous years, Stefan removed inap- minimal supervision. Josh was also in- propriate pointing mortars and replaced strumental in keeping archeological work them with a softer soil/cement mix that moving forward during the time needed to will help to preserve the remaining his- refill John’s position. toric fabric of the pueblo. One month before the end of the fiscal VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT year, we hired Matthew Guebard to fill the FUNDING vacant archeologist position. Matt arrived Montezuma Castle and Tuzigoot National Tuzigoot Pueblo ready to hit the ground running and im- Monuments did not receive project fund- Photo: Randall Skeirik mediately began to sort through files and ing this year.

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 24

Navajo National Monument for the Monument, changing many of the monitoring and mitigation activities related (NAVA) Cultural Resource Division’s geographical to other park projects and maintenance ac- information systems (GIS) layers from the tivities. He was also the monument liaison North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) for project planning and development for VANISHING TREASURES to the North American Datum of 1983 the removal of invasive flora such as Russian ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND (NAD83); and he has produced maps for olive, tamarisk, and cheat grass. CHALLENGES various projects. He completed the FY 2008 Jim worked to determine where future pres- VT Challenges and Successes: Despite the Archeological Sites Management Informa- ervation treatment should occur at Betat- departure of the park archeologist part-way tion System (ASMIS) condition assessments akin and where data loggers might be placed through the year, the crew within the ruin to track en- continued to make progress vironmental impacts to the on the Keet Seel stabilization architectural features of the history. site. Safety: The crew completed After Brian Culpepper’s de- FY 2008 with no lost-time parture in May, Jim served injuries. as the acting park archeologist for the remainder of the VANISHING fiscal year. TREASURES STAFF Jim is skilled in the use of Brian Culpepper, global positioning systems Archeologist (GPS) and GIS technolo- FY 2000 Position gies and in photography. This position was vacant dur- Training: Jim received ing part of FY 2008. Lapse training in ArcGIS 9.2. salary was used for emergency midden recovery from the Theodore Roberts, Inscription House site. Archeology Technician Brian spent much of the year FY 1999 Position managing the Monument’s This position was originally VT program, overseeing filled as an Archeologist but both the continued devel- has been converted to an opment of the Keet Seel sta- Archeology Technician. bilization history that was begun by Kenny Accord and The position was vacant the day-to-day needs of the during part of FY 2008 with monument as related to the lapsed salary going toward Cultural Resource Division. miscellaneous supplies and Brian left Navajo National equipment. Monument in April 2008 to Ted continued to work on work for the Bureau of Land the stabilization history of Management at the Agua Fria Keet Seel and he assisted National Monument. with the emergency mid- Brain is skilled in program den recovery project from management and ruins pres- Inscription House where ervation. he wrote the scope of work and developed the Coop- Jim Dryer, Archeology erative Ecosystem Study Technician Unit (CESU) agreement FY 2005 Position through which the project This position was originally was executed. Ted left Na- filled as a Masonry Worker vajo National Monument in Waterfall in Betatakin Canyon, Navajo National Monument. but has been converted to an August, 2008 to work as an Photo: Courtesy Navajo National Monument Archeology Technician. archeologist in the private In FY 2008, Jim completed the Report: of sites within the monument and was re- sector in Flagstaff, AZ. “NAVA Administrative Unit Archeological sponsible for all ASMIS and Government Inventory” and he presented the historical Performance Results Act (GPRA) reporting. VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING aspects of his research at the Pecos Confer- He took the lead in the project for emer- ence in Flagstaff this past summer. gency midden recovery at the Inscription Navajo National Monument did not receive Jim also began creating a Geo-database House site, and he conducted Section 106 project funding this year.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 25 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Organ Pipe National ORPI’s highest priority challenges consist instance, we consider our relationships with Monument of developing project proposals to obtain consulting parties to be successful and pro- funding for emergency stabilization work ductive. (ORPI) at sites including Dos Lomitas Ranch, Bates Safety: Many Vanishing Treasures resourc- Well Ranch, Armenta Ranch, Lost Cabin es at ORPI are abandoned mines. There VANISHING TREASURES Mine, and Victoria Mine. Additionally, are plans to provide safety overhauls of all ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND there is the daunting and large-scale need mines at ORPI that will include securing CHALLENGES to identify, document, and record hun- each mine’s shafts, adits, prospect holes, VT Challenges and Successes: “Monu- dreds of prehistoric archeological sites that and related features to ensure visitor and mental” is the most fitting description for contain earthen and stone architectural re- employee safety, while at the same time pro- the challenges facing Vanishing Treasures mains. These sites, which qualify as Vanish- viding multiple-use safe havens for wildlife preservation efforts at Organ Pipe Cactus ing Treasures resources, contain prehistoric and threatened and endangered species. National Monument in 2009. The VT ar- architectural remains that appear on the cheologist position was vacant for much of landscape mainly as earthen water control VANISHING TREASURES STAFF 2008 after Joseph Tuomey left for a job with features such as repressos, bermed reser- Connie Thompson Gibson, Archeologist the Bureau of Land Management. Many voirs, and constructed floodwater farming & Cultural Resource Program Manager of the park’s historic resources, including terraces, although many sites also contain FY 2005 Position historic cattle ranches such as Dos Lomitas bermed “sleeping circles” and stone corrals Connie Thompson Gibson is a registered and Bates Well Ranch, their associated line among other features. camps, and features such as “sandwich- Professional Archeologist and lithics tech- Prehistoric architectural remains of this na- style” corral fences, desert coolers, and nologies specialist from Texas, with 15 ture are ephemeral, subtle, and rapidly dis- uniquely constructed ramadas are in urgent years’ experience in all aspects of cultural appearing from the landscape, particularly need of stabilization, restoration, or repair. resources management. Connie accepted in areas of heavy border-related pedestrian These “southwestern” and Sonoran Desert- the position at Organ Pipe in October, 2008 and vehicle traffic. It is possible that many of style historic ranching features are part of and is already furiously busy and immersed these sites, which are located along ancient the cultural resources for which the Monu- in the archeology and history of the Sonoran trails, could represent sites from the Mal- ment was created and are deteriorating Desert. She comes to the park with 15 years alarmingly. In addition, ORPI has over 90 pais complex (pre-Clovis). Connie Gibson, of field and laboratory analysis experience historic gold, silver, and copper mines, some the new Archeologist & Cultural Resources in Texas; New Mexico; Louisiana; Montana; of which are listed on the National Register Program Manager at ORPI plans to seek Belize, Central America; and Chihuahua, of Historic Places. These mine sites include funding to intensively survey and document Mexico. Her specialties include southwest- numerous related features such as arrastras as many Vanishing Treasures archeological ern archeology and prehistoric lithics tech- (burro-drawn stone ore-grinding site appli- sites as possible. nologies including both flaked and ground ances), ore cart run-outs, dry laid and mud Consultation: Consultation with the Ari- stone. She has experience as a principal masonry stores and housing structures, and zona State Historic Preservation Office (AZ- investigator and as a project archeologist in carved stone stairways that also require re- SHPO) and with affiliated tribes is a normal excavation, testing, monitoring, site record- pair and restoration. part of doing business at ORPI; and in every ing, and National Register site eligibility evaluations. She has conducted prehistoric and historic artifact classification and analyses and has authored professional cultural resource management reports. Connie received awards from the Bureau of Land Management for her Section 106 compliance work and for her fieldwork related to a large-acreage land exchange. She has recorded, documented, and mapped many new archeological sites throughout the Southwest and the Northern Plains. Commie has special expertise in site use and National Register eligibility evaluations and is skilled as principal investigator and project archeologist primarily with Class III and Class II large-acreage surveying and testing projects. She is a specialist in lithics technology and National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 compliance.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT The US/Mexico border cuts an arrow straight swath though the desert, Organ Pipe FUNDING Cactus National Monument Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument did Photo: Joe Tuomey not receive project funding this year.

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 26

Tonto National Monument (TONT)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: Our greatest challenge has be trying to conduct ruins preservation work among numerous bee hives without getting stung. Consultation: Tonto staff had a highly successful meeting with the Arizona State His- toric Preservation Office (AZSHPO) staff in FY 2008 regarding cultural resources projects requiring Section 106 compliance. Safety: The ruins preservation projects at Tonto required several planning sessions to accomplish each project safely. For example, a fall-protection specialist and safety officer participated in the planning and design of one project. Overall, the project was a success and no safety incidents occurred.

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Duane C. Hubbard, Chief, Resource Management FY 1998 Position This position was originally filled as an Ex- hibit Specialist but has been converted to a Integrated Resource Manager. Accomplishments: During FY 2008, Duane supervised a variety of cultural resource projects, including preservation projects at back country archeological sites, and continued documentation, preservation and research at five of the primary cliff dwellings in the Monument. Success in acquir- Cultural resources crew performing preservation work at the Lower Cliff Dwelling. ing project funding for FY 2008 covered the Photo: Cinda Ewing cost of three additional cultural resources staff members: Matt Guebard, Archeologist; FY 2004 the position was changed to an ar- Project Summary: Tonto National Monu- Cinda Ewing, Student Temporary Employee cheologist (GS-0193-11) with the original ment requested funding for a treatment Program (STEP) Maintenance Worker; and VT allocation funding less than ¾ of that project focused on the Lower Cliff Dwell- Chris Duran, STEP Archeological Techni- position. The position has remained in the ing, Lower Cliff Dwelling Annex, and 24 cian. This group completed projects related 0193 series since FY 2004. rooms inside the dripline at the Upper Cliff to back country site preservation, imple- Dwelling. Phase II of this project (FY 2008) Duane is skilled in conducting condition mentation of integrated pest management implemented preservation actions including activities in the primary cliff dwellings, and assessments, architectural documentation, equalizing differential fill loads, improving completion of the final preservation work stabilization histories, compliance, and on-site drainage, replacing eroded mortar for the park’s primary attraction the Lower hands-on ruins preservation. through capping and repointing, and miti- Cliff Dwelling. Duane continued to estab- Training: Duane attended contracting offi- gating animal disturbance. lish relationships with numerous affiliated cer’s representative training in FY 2008. Project Budget: $ 109,000 tribes and he managed the park’s archeo- Personnel: $29,430 logical research, curation, consultation, and Vehicles: $0 compliance. VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING Travel/Training: $2,180 The original exhibit specialist position was Supplies/Materials: $6,540 never funded at the full performance level Project Name: Implement Preservation Equipment: $0 so the park allocated additional base money Treatments at the Upper and Lower Cliff Services/Contracts: $70,394 to fully fund a GS-11 Exhibit Specialist. In Dwellings (Phase II) Other: $456

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona 27 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

View of the Upper Cliff Dwelling, Tonto National Monument . Photo: Rex Lavoie (2009) Project Accomplishments: Preservation surrounding original fabric; and with 2D digital and hardcopy images of col- treatment was performed at the Lower Cliff (4) removing ineffective mortar and re- or-corrected mosaics draped and rectified Dwelling which raised this site’s condition pointing the retaining wall outside of onto high-resolution 3D models. from “fair” to “good.” Preservation crews Lower Cliff Dwelling. Once these final mapping products for the completed all of the project objectives at the The condition of the Upper Cliff Dwelling, Lower Cliff Dwelling: Upper Cliff Dwelling are obtained, the and the large amount of pre-documenta- scope of work for the Upper Cliff Dwell- (1) preserving prehistoric walls by in- tion required there, resulted in only minor ing can be finished and staff can commence jecting unamended mortar into areas of preservation work being done at this site. work on the preservation treatments. This insect/animal damage and visitor distur- Instead, the remaining project funds were detailed documentation will allow future bance; used for a contract with Western Mapping (2) preserving National Park Service fea- for intensive site mapping and surveying. measurements and characterizations for tures (stairs, benches, doorways) within With the completion of this contract, park documentation and stabilization histories to the dwelling using stucco and stucco/soil staff will have all of the documentation re- be superimposed on the images. Treatments mixtures; quired to complete the preservation work on the Upper Cliff Dwelling will complete (3) replacing National Park Service gates on the Upper Cliff Dwelling. This docu- the park’s final comprehensive ruins preser- in Room 15 and 16 to mitigate damage to mentation will include architectural sheets vation project.

Tumacacori National Historical Park (TUMA)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: Consultation: The Vanishing Treasures team at Tumacacori National Historical Park recognizes the need for including the state historic preservation office (SHPO) in the treatment intervention process as early as possible to ensure timely starts to projects. It is a requirement that, when working on other agencies resources, compliance be initiated and approved before beginning the project. Safety: We have secured for our VT crew training on the proper erection of scaffold- The unfinished bell tower of the Mission San José de Tumacácori. ing and use of personal protective equip- Photo: Randall Skeirik

Arizona Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 28

ment (PPE) while on scaffolding. We have also involved VT subject matter disciplines to provide technical assistance prior to beginning a project. We have utilized the VT structural engineer twice in FY 2008.

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Ramon Madril, Masonry Worker FY 1998 Position Ray continues to be part of the park’s VT team, where he is a highly motivated and proactive preservation mason. Ray has assisted in preservation activities at the park’s three units: San Jose de Tumacacori, San Cayetano de Calabazas, and Los Santos An- geles de Guevavi. Outside the park, Ray was instrumental in rebuilding a fallen wall at the 1880s Fair- bank Mercantile in southeast Arizona, where over 4,000 adobe bricks were used to rebuild the west wall of the building. Ray also assisted in the preservation of the historic adobe ranger station in Magdalena, New Mexico, where he replaced beams and other deteriorated structural components Ray Madril and Bobby Jimenez repointing the Camino Loma Alta Lime Kiln at Sa- of the building, and at the Charleston Mill guaro National Park. site (ca. 1860), where he assisted in the sta- Photo: Courtesy Tumacacori National Historical Park bilization and preservation of the extant adobe walls of this mill located on the banks viding adobe making training at Tumacacori archeology survey and testing, compliance, of the San Pedro River. In this project, over NHP for the State Historic Preservation and artifact analysis. He is skilled in the ar- 30 standing adobe walls were stabilized with Conference. David also continues to pro- eas of archeology, cultural resource man- unamended earth and wall caps, and basal vide assistance to Mexican counterparts by agement, historic preservation documenta- erosion issues were also addressed. arranging venues and preservation train- tion and treatment, natural resource man- Toward the end of FY 2008, Ray was in- ing in municipalities in the US and Mexico. agement, and collections management. volved with the rehabilitation of the historic Being blessed with a highly motivated and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) bridges skilled preservation crew, David finds his Training: Jeremy both attended and helped located at Sabino Canyon in Tucson, Ari- challenges are minimal. to organize the TICRAT (Taller Interna- zona, which were damaged by flooding in In addition to his skills in the field of histor- cional De Conservación Y Restauración 2006. ic preservation and adobe, David has con- De Arquitectura De Tierra or International Workshop For The Conservation And Resto- Ray is a journeyman mason who possesses siderable experience in providing historic preservation-related training. ration Of Earthen Architecture) Conference skills in all facets of historic preservation in- and workshops. cluding earthen architecture, stone, wood, Jeremy Moss, Archeologist, Resource and historic earthen and lime plasters. Ray VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT also assists in conducting workshops to train Manager employees of other state and federal agen- FY 2000 Position FUNDING cies on proper preservation methodologies. Jeremy conducted detailed documentation Tumacacori National Historical Site did not and condition assessments of all the historic receive project funding this year. David Yubeta, Exhibits Specialist structures in the park and analyzed lime FY 1998 Position plasters to locate original limestone sources. David continues to serve as the project He developed a preservation database and manager for park preservation activities at wrote a preservation history of the Mission, the park’s three units. is currently completing the 2004-2006 test- Beyond the park, he has worked on the ing report, and is analyzing historic artifacts Fairbank Mercantile building, the Charles- in the Tumacacori collection. Additionally, ton Mill site, the Magdalena Ranger Station, Jeremy completed Native American Grave Fort Lowell Camp, the Terranate Presidio Protection and Repatriation Act (NAG- Site, and the historic CCC bridges at Sabino PRA) consultation with the park’s affiliated Canyon, all located throughout southeast tribes. Arizona. He assisted the Arizona State His- Jeremy can assist with project management, toric Preservation Office (AZSHPO) by pro- condition assessment and documentation,

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Arizona

V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s California/Nevada

Keys Ranch, Joshua Tree National Park Photo: Randall Skeirik u Death Valley National Park u Joshua Tree National Park u Mojave National Preserve u u Manzanar National Historic Site u California/Nevada Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: Manzanar National Historic Site: $74,109 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 32

Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: The park’s highest priority has been to establish baseline documentation of historic structures that are highly susceptible to vandalism, high winds, erosion, and UV degradation. Sites such as Key’s Ranch and Wall Street Mill are some of the most visited areas of Joshua Tree and visitors certainly appreciate the stories these sites tell. However, it is a considerable challenge to keep these structures standing as many utilize recycled materials, were built without a formal building plan, and did not use standard construction techniques. Consultation: Unfortunately, many of our affiliated tribes lack the infrastructure to respond regularly to tribal con- Monzogranite monoliths and joshua trees are characteristic of the northwest section of sultation. Tribes that do respond have the park, Joshua Tree National Park. been supportive of our efforts to preserve Photo: Randall Skeirik the physical remnants of the mining and ranching era in the park. Although all of enough out in the backcountry to preclude VANISHING TREASURES STAFF our VT resources are from the historic full-time employee supervision. Historic Joshua Tree National Park has not received period, many are located atop, or adjacent mine adits and prospects are presently be- a base increase to fund a Vanishing Trea- to prehistoric sites, necessitating an ad- ing “safed” by filling the shafts with poly- sures position. ditional level of consideration in compli- urethane foam and installing bat gates ance issues. that will protect both our visitors and our VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Safety: Joshua Tree’s VT Resources, made cultural resources staff as they focus on FUNDING up entirely of historic-era structures, are documenting and stabilizing structures at Joshua Tree National Park did not receive frequented by visitors but are often far these sites. project funding this year.

The remains of the main house at Ryan Ranch, Joshua Tree National Park. Photo: Randall Skeirik

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets California/Nevada 33 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Manzanar National Historic Services/Contracts: $0 rock walls, stepping stones, posts and post Other: $0 holes, waterfalls, two large ponds, and the Site remains of a tea house. A concentration of (MANZ) Project Accomplishments: Volunteers and park staff worked together to remove veg- 61 short segments of water pipe found in etation and sediments in the Merritt Park one of the ponds was probably deposited at VANISHING TREASURES STAFF area. Work included the removal of 32 tam- abandonment. These pipe segments appear to be the only material that was purpose- Manzanar National Historic Site has not arisk trees, 11 locust trees, and one willow tree, as well as much brush and dead wood. fully dumped at the Merritt Park ponds. received a base increase to fund a Vanishing This contrasts with other ponds that have Treasures position. Both hand tools (shovels and trowels) and a backhoe were used to excavate over 600 been excavated at Manzanar that contained abundant building debris. VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT cubic yards of sediments. Stabilization work at the ponds was guided Under the sediments, Merritt Park was FUNDING by historic photographs and by the archeo- found to be surprisingly intact, suggesting Project Name: Excavate, Document, and logical evidence provided by the feature that the park remained undisturbed when Stabilize Features in Accordance with CLR remains. Stabilization included resetting Recommendations boulders that had fallen out of Project Summary: In FY 2008, place, patching concrete, rebuild- the largest and most elaborate ing a partially collapsed rock wall, garden at Manzanar National reconstructing two of the original Historic Site, Merritt Park, was three rangui (wood post) walls, excavated, documented, and and reattaching the stone “head” stabilized. Constructed as a of a distinctive turtle rock. To Japanese-style “stroll garden” by stabilize the tea house founda- Japanese Americans interned at tion, border rocks were reset and Manzanar during World War II, a new concrete floor was poured Merritt Park became a sanctuary to replace the original concrete of beauty and nature within the floor, which had been cracked confines of the internment camp. and shattered and had several Numerous historic photographs large trees growing through it. reflect the importance of Elaborate Japanese-style bridges this community park to the are represented by two simple, internees. It symbolized their temporary bridges that were con- hope for the future as well as structed where the more elabo- their dedication to the well-being rate bridges had been located of their community. Internees historically. The new bridges will and camp staff alike came here allow visitors to view the pond to enjoy solitude as well as more closely without damaging companionship. Prior to this the ponds’ fragile banks. Map- project, it was not known how ping and photography, including much of the park had survived overhead views, documented all because the area was buried by stages of excavation and stabiliza- sediment and overgrown with tion, and a detailed archeological vegetation. report is in progress. Park Archeologist Jeff Burton di- With its significant volunteer rected the investigation and stabi- Merritt Park Garden after restoration, Manzanar National component, the project was a lization with the assistance of over Historic Site. successful example community 100 volunteers and park staff from Photo: Courtesy Manzanar National Historic Site outreach. Those who partici- both Manzanar and Death Val- pated because of their interest in ley National Park. Volunteers came from the Manzanar Relocation Center was aban- Japanese American history learned about across the country and from as far away as doned. Two or three major flooding events archeology, and those who came because Japan, representing diverse age groups and had deposited sands, gravels, and a lesser of their interest in archeology learned about ethnic backgrounds. Local and regional amount of silts over the park as flood debris. Japanese American history. Not only did high school students worked alongside the Some of the artifacts that were found within the residents take pride in the camp during 91-year-old son of the landscape architect the fill of the park’s ponds were apparently their internment, the Japanese American who designed the park. washed in from the hospital dump, located community continues to do so today, identi- Project Budget: $74,109 a short distance upslope. Others, such as a fying the restoration of the park as a priority Personnel: $38,097 lipstick tube, a comb, marbles, and toy tea during public hearings for the park’s Man- Vehicles: $0 cups, were likely lost by internees visiting agement Plan. This project has uncovered a Travel/Training: $15,220 the park. significant feature of the camp for the pub- Supplies/Materials: $20,792 Numerous features were uncovered dur- lic to see, providing a tangible connection to Equipment: $0 ing the work, including landscape boulders, the lives of the internees..

California/Nevada Personnel, Projects, and Budgets V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Colorado

Archeologist Dani Long documenting ledge rooms at Spruce Tree House, Mesa Verde National Park Photo: Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park

u Colorado National Monument u Dinosaur National Monument u u Mesa Verde National Park u Colorado Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: No Colorado parks received project funding. Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 36

Mesa Verde National Park well as to shorten the furloughs of four VT in FY 2008. (MEVE) positions and to support VT-related training and travel. VANISHING TREASURES STAFF A major success of FY 2008 was the use of VANISHING TREASURES Tim Hovezak, Exhibit Specialist money from the Centennial Challenge and FY 1998 Position ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND Cultural Cyclic funding sources to hire two This position was originally filled as a Ma- CHALLENGES seasonal archeologists to work alongside the sonry Worker but has been converted to an four STF members of the stabilization crew. VT Challenges and Successes: Our big- Exhibit Specialist. gest challenge is our inability to fill vacant As a result, the crew was able to complete Vanishing Treasures positions. Mesa Verde major repairs at Long House, Cliff Palace, Tim began the fiscal year by completing a currently has three vacant VT positions: a and the historic Park Point Fire Lookout six-year stabilization plan for the Chimney subject-to-furlough (STF) Exhibit Special- Tower and Trail. This was the first time in Rock Archeological Area, a site located in ist GS-12 STF (stabilization crew leader), a six years that Mesa Verde was able to hire the San Juan National Forest. Based on a STF Exhibit Specialist GS-11 (conservator), seasonal positions to help with preservation condition assessment and stabilization proj- and a STF Exhibit Specialist GS-9 (stabiliza- projects. ect completed by the Mesa Verde stabilization crew member). Funding for the GS-12 Consultation: Mesa Verde National Park tion crew in 2006, the final report was pre- position remains within the Division of Re- has a programmatic agreement with 24 af- sented to the US Forest Service (USFS) in search and Resource Management for FY filiated tribes. This agreement outlines the December 2007. 2008, while the funding for the two lower- types of routine assessment, documenta- In March and April, Tim was part of a Mesa graded positions has been absorbed into tion, and preservation methods employed Verde crew that completed a condition as- the overall Park budget. The lapsed salary by the Archeological Site Conservation Pro- sessment and documentation project on six was used to support a variety of VT-related gram. No compliance-related issues were backcountry alcove sites in Cow Canyon for projects and personnel, including a 120-day encountered during FY 2008. Glen Canyon NRA, all remarkable for their detail to move one of our existing Exhibit Safety: Mesa Verde National Park’s VT pro- excellent state of preservation; (See Glen Specialists into the crew leader position, as gram had no safety problems or challenges Canyon National Recreation Area for more

Nordenskiold’s Ruin No.12 (5MV1321), Mesa Verde National Park. Photo: Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park

Colorado 37 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year End Report

information on this Vanishing Treasures- partial reconstruction of two pilasters, and erosion of the slope at both the south and funded project.) The project involved back- repointing. The crew also applied a new front-center of the site, including an area country camping for nine days and required adobe plaza surface around the south side adjacent to the Great Kiva. Most of this extensive helicopter support to transport of the kiva and reset much of the upper ma- erosion had likely occurred immediately the crew, camping supplies, and equipment sonry on the multistory retaining wall. after the Pony Fire of 2000 and it was un- to the worksite. Upon returning from this At Balcony House, Tim and the crew com- dercutting the modern masonry retaining project, Tim compiled an extensive interim pleted minor repairs to rooms 18, 19, and 20 wall. Photographs taken in 1965, when the report that detailed the work completed that involved resetting loose stones that had site was first stabilized, show a more gradu- in FY 2008, outlining recommended treat- become dislodged by visitor traffic. ally sloped terrace with more rubble than ments for the six assessed sites. In mid-June, the stabilization crew moved exists today. In preparation for the proj- After the Cow Canyon project, Tim was to Long House on Wetherill Mesa to ad- ect, removal of heavy vegetation exposed detailed into the Stabilization Crew Leader dress several critical preservation issues in- several distinct events of wall construction, position for 120 days, a position that has cluding the addition of new masonry to the including some that may be prehistoric. been vacant since October, 2007. In this ca- front retaining wall and a face-lift to Kiva R Reinforcement of the wall required the ex- pacity, Tim took on the duties of supervising similar to that conducted at Cliff Palace ear- cavation of a footing trench, installation of the crew, preparing work plans, prioritizing lier in the year. Kiva R is a small masonry reinforced concrete footer, and the addition preservation needs, and managing everyday kiva located at the far eastern edge of the site of seven new masonry courses. Finally, the activities. Under Tim’s direction the crew where it is exposed to runoff during heavy slope below the wall was stabilized with Ex- accomplished many preservation projects precipitation events. Direct runoff had dis- celsior matting. at Mesa Verde in FY 2008, including work solved the masonry bonds in the southern In 2008, some of the responsibility for main- at three of the major frontcountry sites: recess and along the south wall, resulting taining historic facilities at Mesa Verde was Cliff Palace, Balcony returned to the Ar- House, and Long cheological Site Con- House. servation Program. Most of April was This included the re- consumed by an ex- pair and reconstruc- tensive face lift for tion of trails, scenic Kiva L at Cliff Palace. overlooks, and the Sometime after aban- fire lookout at Park donment of the site, Point. The Park Point the entire south half facility, distinctive for of this kiva, along its modified Pueblo with an adjacent Revival style, is pop- multi-story retaining ular for its sweeping wall, collapsed. The view of the park and collapsed structures surrounding land- were rebuilt by J.W. scape. The build- Fewkes during the ing itself was con- first stabilization -ef structed as a Civilian fort at the site in the Conservation Corps early 20th century. (CCC) project in However, Fewkes 1939, with a flagstone rebuilt the kiva on apron and nearby masonry overlooks loose rubble that Long House retaining wall prior to stabilization, Mesa Verde National Park. added in later years. subsequently settled, Photo: Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park causing displacement The 2008 stabiliza- and cracking of the tion work consisted wall. Resulting voids in the fill and in the in sagging and partially collapsed masonry. of masonry and other restoration work to wall had created an appealing environment Repairs consisted of repointing and reset- the fire lookout, replacing or restoring ma- for rodents, whose burrows contributed to ting several masonry sections. On the kiva sonry columns, overall masonry restoration further destabilization of the structure. floor, moisture infiltration from water pud- of the overlook platforms, and replacement dles had resulted in hydration damage to of part of the flagstone apron around the At Kiva L, the stabilization effort involved the basal coursing and bedrock of the lower fire lookout. excavation of loose rubble around the entire walls; which was repaired as necessary. As interior circumference and the placement The stabilization crew also participated a final measure, a small quantity of fill was of new dry stacked masonry to provide a in an experimental project undertaken added to protect the floor and provide suf- solid foundation for the banquette walls. through a partnership with the historic ficient slope to channel water away from the Work on the walls consisted of repointing preservation program at the University of walls. The stabilization work at Kiva R was and some minor stone replacement. Stabi- Pennsylvania to test the effectiveness of a preceded by the field drafting of a complete lization of the pilasters and the upper walls new soft cap design for exposed masonry set of elevation drawings. was much more extensive, requiring the re- architecture. Similar designs have been suc- construction of three collapsed wall sectors, Run-off at Long House had resulted in the cessfully applied at locations in the United

Colorado . Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 38

Kingdom and Turkey. The methodology Training: Tim attended an historic adobe partial reconstruction of two pilasters, and consists of placing a series of moisture bar- workshop at Fort Davis in July. repointing. The crew also applied a new riers along wall tops and then capping them adobe plaza surface around the south side with soil and live grass. The experiment was Neill Smith, Masonry Worker of the kiva and reset much of the upper ma- conducted on a short compound partition FY 1998 Position sonry on the multistory retaining wall. of wall at Far View House, a large masonry Accomplishments: Neill and the crew ac- At Balcony House Neill assisted with the pueblo located on Chapin Mesa. The wall complished many preservation projects at completion of minor repairs to rooms 18, was divided into two parts; one half is be- Mesa Verde in FY 2008 with work accom- 19, and 20 that involved resetting loose ing used as a control (a hard cap remains in plished at three of the major frontcoun- stones and that had become dislodged by place), while the vegetative cap was installed try sites; Cliff Palace, Balcony House, and visitor traffic. in the other half. Long House. Most of April was consumed In mid June, the stabilization crew moved to Before work began, the wall was first docu- at Cliff Palace with an extensive face lift for Long House on Wetherill Mesa to address mented using orthorectified photography. Kiva L. Sometime after abandonment of the several critical preservation issues including Then, half of the hard masonry cement cap site, the entire south half of this kiva, along the addition of new masonry to the front was removed and geo-fabric laid on top of with an adjacent multi-story retaining wall, retaining wall, and a face-lift to Kiva R simi- the wall core. The geo-fabric was then cov- collapsed. The collapsed structures were lar to that conducted at Cliff Palace earlier ered with gravel and soil and was planted rebuilt by J.W. Fewkes during the first sta- in the year. Kiva R is a small masonry kiva with a native bunch grass. Data-loggers bilization effort at the site in the earlyth 20 located at the far, east edge of the site where were embedded within each capping section century. However, Fewkes rebuilt the kiva it is exposed to runoff during heavy precipi- to comparatively measure any differences in on loose rubble that subsequently settled, tation events. Direct run-off had dissolved ambient temperatures and moisture over a causing displacement and cracking of the the masonry bonds in the southern recess one-year period. and along the south Before their winter wall resulting in sag- furlough, Tim and ging and partially the crew worked on collapsed masonry. a severely slumping Repairs consisted of wall at Pipe Shrine repointing and reset- House, a Pueblo III ting several masonry mesa top site that is sections. On the kiva part of the Far View floor, moisture infil- Community. This tration from water wall, slumping and puddles had resulted leaning more than in hydration damage 30 degrees, was in to the basal coursing imminent danger of and bedrock of the collapse. The crew lower walls which was rebuilt the wall and repaired as necessary. part of its founda- As a final measure, a tion before weather small quantity of fill brought a halt to the was added to protect work. They will con- the floor and provide tinue working at Pipe sufficient slope to Shrine House in FY channel water away 2009. STEP employee Stephen Matt and Masonry Worker Neill Smith working on retaining from the walls. The stabilization work at Finally, Tim and the wall at Long House, Mesa Verde National Park. Photo: Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Kiva R was preceded crew helped with a by the field drafting magnetometer study of a Pueblo I/II vil- wall. Resulting voids in the fill and in the of a complete set of elevation drawings. lage located on Chapin Mesa. The purpose wall had created an appealing environment Run-off at Long House had resulted in the of this study was to locate underground for rodents, whose burrows contributed to erosion of the slope at both the south and anomalies that may represent early buried further destabilization of the structure. front-center of the site, including an area pit structures. After identifying six possible At Kiva L, the stabilization effort involved adjacent to the Great Kiva. Most of this buried features, the crew conducted auger excavation of loose rubble around the entire erosion had likely occurred immediately testing to help verify the magnetometer re- interior circumference and the placement after the Pony Fire of 2000 and it was un- sults confirming that four of the six features of new dry stacked masonry to provide a dercutting the modern masonry retaining were buried pit structures. These results solid foundation for the banquette walls. wall. Photographs taken in 1965, when the have helped the park to more accurately in- Work on the walls consisted of repointing site was first stabilized, show a more gradu- terpret this large early Pueblo I/II village. and some minor stone replacement. Stabi- ally sloped terrace with more rubble than Tim is skilled in masonry stabilization, site lization of the pilasters and the upper walls exists today. In preparation for the proj- documentation, report writing, testing, ex- was much more extensive, requiring the re- ect, removal of heavy vegetation exposed cavation, and survey. construction of three collapsed wall sectors, several distinct events of wall construction,

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Colorado 39 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

including some that may be prehistoric. mented using orthorectified photography. required extensive helicopter support to Reinforcement of the wall required the ex- Then, half of the hard masonry cement cap transport the crew, camping supplies, and cavation of a footing trench, installation of was removed and geo-fabric laid on top of equipment. reinforced concrete footer, and the addition the wall core. The geo-fabric was then cov- of seven new masonry courses. Finally, the ered with gravel and soil and was planted Upon her return to Mesa Verde, Kay com- slope below the wall was stabilized with Ex- with a native bunch grass. Data-loggers pleted the final field season of the architec- celsior matting. were embedded within each capping section tural documentation project at Spruce Tree In 2008, some of the responsibility for main- to comparatively measure any differences in House, a large site that contains131 rooms, ambient temperatures and moisture over a taining historic facilities at Mesa Verde was 62 open areas, 31 miscellaneous structures, returned to the Archeological Site Conser- one-year period. and nine kivas. This entailed completing vation Program. This included the repair Before their winter furlough, Neill worked the documentation of 35 rooms within the and reconstruction of trails, scenic over- on a severely slumping wall at Pipe Shrine looks, and the fire lookout at Park Point. House, a Pueblo III mesa top site that is main alcove and nine rooms located on The Park Point facility, distinctive for its part of the Far View Community. This wall, adjacent ledges to the north. Although the modified Pueblo Revival style, is popular for slumping and leaning more than 30 degrees, ledge rooms had already been recorded its sweeping view of the park and surround- was in imminent danger of collapse. The and were considered to be associated with ing landscape. The building itself was con- wall and part of its foundation was rebuilt the larger portion of Spruce Tree House, structed as a Civilian Conservation Corps before weather brought a halt to the work. previous documentation was very sparse. (CCC) project in 1939, with a flagstone Neill will continue working at Pipe Shrine Completion of this documentation has now apron and nearby masonry overlooks added House in FY 2009. in later years. The 2008 stabilization work provided us with comprehensive documen- Finally, Neill helped with a magnetometer consisted of masonry and other restoration tation of Spruce Tree House. study of a Pueblo I/II village located on work to the fire lookout, replacing or re- Chapin Mesa. The purpose of this study was Kay spent the remainder of the year on the storing masonry columns, overall masonry to locate underground anomalies that may restoration of the overlook platforms, and onerous task of data checking more than represent early buried pit structures. Af- replacement of part of the flagstone apron four years of field work from the Spruce ter identifying six possible buried features, around the fire lookout. Tree House project. This required cross- the crew conducted auger testing to help Neill also participated in an experimental verify the magnetometer results confirming checking each electronic record with its project undertaken through a partnership that four of the six features were buried pit corresponding paper record and ensuring with the historic preservation program at structures. These results have helped the that all the maps were complete, accurate, the University of Pennsylvania to test the ef- park to more accurately interpret this large and digitized into AutoCAD. In the coming fectiveness of a new soft cap design for ex- early Pueblo I/II village. years we hope to secure funding to complete posed masonry architecture. Similar designs have been successfully applied at locations Neill is skilled in masonry work, repointing, a comprehensive final report that will high- in the United Kingdom and Turkey. The and ruin stabilization. light the chronological history, construction methodology consists of placing a series of Training: Neill attended an historic adobe sequence, and social organization of Spruce moisture barriers along wall tops and then workshop at Fort Davis in July. Tree House. capping them with soil and live grass. The experiment was conducted on a short com- Kay Barnett, Exhibit Specialist Kay is skilled in site documentation, testing, pound partition of wall at Far View House, FY 2004 Position excavation, survey, and stabilization. a large masonry pueblo located on Chapin Accomplishments: Kay began her season Mesa. The wall was divided into two parts, leading a condition assessment and docu- VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT one half is being used as a control (a hard mentation project on six backcountry al- FUNDING cap remains in place), while the vegetative cove sites in Cow Canyon for Glen Canyon cap was installed in the other half. National Recreation Area. This project in- Mesa Verde National Park did not receive Before work began, the wall was first docu- volved backcountry camping for 9 days and project funding this year.

Archeologists Joel Gamache and Neal Morris documenting ledge rooms at Spruce Tree House, Mesa Verde National Park. Photo: Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park

Colorado Personnel, Projects, and Budgets V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s New Mexico

The 18th century church with the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in the distance, Pecos National Historical Park. Photo: Angelyn Bass Rivera

u Aztec Ruins National Monument u Bandelier National Monument u u Chaco Culture National Historical Park u El Malpais National Monument u u El Morro National Monument u Fort Union National Monument u u Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument u Pecos National Historical Park u u Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument u New Mexico Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: Aztec Ruins National Monument, $31,120 Bandelier National Monument: $121,436 Pecos National Historical Park: $76,800 Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument: $125,000 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 42

Aztec Ruins National tion of undisturbed archeological deposits dation and evaluation, synthesis of survey and the removal of artifacts from the site. and excavation data, report preparation and Monument Consultation on this project and on other editing, geographical information system (AZRU) routine preservation work continues. (GIS) data analysis, computer graphics pro- The park is also in the process of prepar- duction, and data/laboratory analysis. His VANISHING TREASURES ing a General Management Plan that will graphics experience includes the mapping ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND provide a standardized platform for further and illustration of archeological sites and CHALLENGES consultation with tribes, NMSHPO, and the features, as well as photo-documentation public. utilizing archeological photographic meth- VT Challenges and Successes: Our biggest ods. challenge has been the continuing effort Safety: Development of the AZRU Safety In addition, Jeffery has provided environ- to transition from a reactive preservation Program is ongoing with continued empha- mental monitoring for the Visitor Center program aimed at crisis management to a sis on Job Safety Analyses (JSAs) and Job curation room and museum, making rec- program of preventive maintenance and Hazard Assessments (JHAs). By involving ommendations for corrective actions when cyclical preservation treatments. We have the preservation crew in the creation of needed. He also conducts environmental achieved a good measure of success in this JSAs and JHAs we have established a culture monitoring of the ruins including monitor- direction. of safety that includes regular tailgate safety sessions with the preservation crew and ing cracks, recording the temperature and Specific preservation challenges during FY other cultural resource personnel. relative humidity inside the intact, protected 2008 included the removal of old, inap- parts of the ruins, and monitoring the water propriate protective roofs from some of the VANISHING TREASURES STAFF table in the vicinity of the main ruins group. rooms in the pueblo and the design and in- Information from these activities provides stallation of replacement roofs that will pro- Jeffery T.. Wharton, Exhibit Specialist valuable information for the development tect intact prehistoric roofs below without FY 1998 Position of, and revision to, our preservation plans. adversely impacting other prehistoric fabric This position was originally filled as a Ma- Jeffery also coordinates with the preserva- in the pueblo. This year, several protective sonry Worker but has been converted to an tion crew and archeologists on numerous roofs were replaced and one, at West Ruin, Exhibit Specialist preservation, stabilization, and documenta- was accomplished with VT project funding. Jeffery has an extensive background in the tion tasks related to the preservation of the (See Vanishing Treasures Project Funding archeology of the Colorado Plateau, partic- pueblo. below.) ularly of the San Juan Basin, along with ex- His other accomplishments include the ar- Consultation: The majority of our historic perience in dealing with a range of cultural cheological survey of the expanded monu- preservation consultation was accomplished resource management concerns. His expe- ment boundaries (320 acres) at Aztec Ruins. through our annual written report to our af- rience in archeology includes project plan- Ancestral Puebloan sites and other prehis- filiated tribes. In addition, project-specific ning and the development of survey strat- toric and historic properties, including over consultation was initiated on modifications egies, preparation of data recovery plans, 50 structural site and cultural landscape to the West Ruin Backfilling Program that cost estimates and budgets for both small- features, were documented in this survey. includes fill reduction in areas where -dif scale and large block survey and excavation Condition assessments of all of the new ferential fill cannot be equalized through projects, management and execution of sites along with GIS analysis of survey data backfilling. Both the tribes and the New cultural resource inventories, coordination were part of the overall project. Jeffery also Mexico State Historic Preservation Office and implementation of archeology excava- conducted archeological monitoring of var- (NMSHPO) were generally supportive, but tion and testing programs, archeology com- ious park management projects and served concerns were expressed about the excava- pliance monitoring, cultural resource recor- as the cultural resource specialist-participant on the AZRU Vegetation Management Planning Team. East Ruin preservation projects included involvement in the replacement of protective roofs and gates, responsibility for documenting archeological monitoring results, preparation of sections of the scope of work for the East Ruin stabilization, backfilling, preservation projects, and revisions to the cultural resources section of the AZRU General Management Plan. At the West Ruin Jeffery worked on backfill adjustments to eliminate soil contact with prehistoric wood door lintels that resulted from rodent damage and on backfill adjustments to reduce impacts caused by differential fill levels. Backfill adjustments also West Ruin in the snow, Aztec Ruins National Monument. required the installation of drains to help Photo: Gary Brown control ground moisture in the ruin.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 43 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Finally, Jeffery conducted damage as- for masonry fabric treatments and he sessments of several looted outlying provided leadership for a crew consist- prehistoric structural sites within the ing of masonry workers and unskilled expanded monument boundary, pro- laborers. viding documentation of the archeo- Ernest is skilled in masonry ruins sta- logical damage, calculating the cost bilization, pre- and post-stabilization of restoration and repair, and coordi- documentation, backfilling, protective nating backfilling in accordance with roofing, preservation, and digital pho- the Archeological Resources Protec- tography. This year he had training in tion Act (ARPA). scaffold erection and safety. Jeffery’s accomplishments include ongoing design and oversight of con- VANISHING TREASURES struction and installation of protec- PROJECT FUNDING tive roofs and gates for East and West Project Name: Replace Three Ruins, responsibility for the routine Protective Roofs at West Ruin environmental monitoring of the PMIS Number: 116535 Visitor Center and West Ruin, and the installation and monitoring of Project Summary: Rooms 112, 113, crack monitors throughout the site. and 202 in West Ruin originally had heavy concrete protective roofs that He is skilled in archeological survey were constructed historically and built and excavation; cultural resource into the fabric of the prehistoric walls. management; and the design, plan- They were constructed to protect the ning, and construction of protective original prehistoric roofs that lie un- roofs and protective gates for archeo- derneath. Because these concrete logical sites. roofs were heavy, they had the poten- Training: Intermountain Region tial to negatively impact the prehis- National Environmental Policy Act Aztec Ruins preservation crew stabilizing an ancient toric walls that supported them. The (NEPA)/Section 106 Workshop, In- kiva, Aztec Ruins National Monument. goal for this project was to remove the troduction to GIS metadata creation, Photo: Jeff Heywood heavy concrete roofs and replace them editing, & production, Introduction with modern, lightweight roofs that annual meeting of the Society for American to ASMIS, and Introduction to PEPC would be less intrusive and pose less risk to Archeology. (Planning, Environment, and Public Com- the historic masonry. These modern roofs ment). Gary is skilled in archeological field tech- will utilize up-to-date materials that are niques, ruins preservation, compliance, much lighter and more compatible with the Gary Brown, Supervisory Archeologist artifact analysis, writing and technical illus- appearance of the prehistoric ruin. FY 2001 Position tration, statistical analysis, and project man- Project Budget: $31,120 During FY 2008, Gary supervised a size- agement. He has special knowledge in the Personnel: $27,088 able staff that included a number of - sea areas of backfilling, site conservation, ruins Vehicles: $0 sonal hires who augmented existing park preservation, architectural documentation, Travel/Training: $0 personnel. Activities that he supervised and archeological dating. Supplies/Materials: $4,032 ranged from preservation and archeology Equipment: $0 to curation projects. As Chief of Cultural Ernest Harrison, Masonry Worker Services/Contracts: $0 Resources, he provided oversight for struc- FY 1998 Position, Converted to Term, Other: $0 ture and site condition assessments, back- Subject-to-Furlough in FY 2001 Project Accomplishments: This project filling and fill adjustments, protective roof This position was held by Carl Jim, who was only partially funded during FY 2008. maintenance and repair, cultural resource worked on masonry stabilization work dur- With the funding available, one of the con- inventory, list of classified structures (LCS) ing FY 2008 but left the position part way crete roofs was demolished and removed structure documentation, ruins stabiliza- through the year. After his departure, the without impacts to the original prehistoric tion and minor fabric replacements, and position was filled by Ernest Harrison. museum collections management. Gary roof. It was replaced with a lightweight organized and hosted an on-site Vanishing Ernest, who was already working as a mem- protective roof of wood and other modern Treasures workshop that focused on back- ber of the AZRU preservation crew, was roofing materials that provide substantial filling and protective roofing. He also- par being funded through various project fund protection for the original prehistoric roof ticipated in ongoing hydrology monitoring sources before moving into this position below. New roof vents were also installed through a cooperative ecosystem study unit and assuming the role as work leader on to allow airflow between the prehistoric (CESU) partnership and in the Middle San the preservation crew. In his new role, he roof and the new roof. These vents were Juan Chacoan Outlier research partnership assisted with logistics and implementation constructed to prevent foreign materials, funded by a National Science Foundation of a variety of preservation tasks ranging rodents, or other small animals from access- (NSF) grant. He participated in the Inter- from routine ruins maintenance to the de- ing the air space beneath the protective roof. mountain Region Resource Stewardship sign and construction of ruins-protecting, The remaining two concrete roofs (Rooms Conference, the Pecos Conference, and the free-standing roofs. He set high standards 112 and 113) will be replaced in FY 2009

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 44

Bandelier National selves and their co-workers safe. continued implementation of cavate Monument treatments, Cave Kiva was re-sooted in VANISHING TREASURES STAFF order to conceal modern graffiti with (BAND) Lauren Meyer, Exhibits Specialist assistance from Museum of New Mex- ico conservators Larry Humetewa and VANISHING TREASURES (Conservator) FY 1999 Position Conor McMahon and individuals from ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND the Interpretation Division. CHALLENGES In May, 2007, Angelyn Bass Rivera stepped • A workshop, led by professional pho- down as manager of the Vanishing Trea- tographer Moe Nadel, educated crew VT Challenges and Successes: The Van- sures Program at Bandelier National Monu- ishing Treasures Program at Bandelier Na- members on the proper use of cameras ment. Her position remained vacant until and associated equipment, and trained tional Monument completed work on sev- April 2008, when Lauren was hired to fill eral projects in FY 2008. individuals in techniques for photo- the vacancy. Lapsed salary was used to sup- graphing the cavates. 1. VT/Condition Assessment: Tsankawi port a temporary upgrade for Lauren, who • Photography of medium-priority ca- Cavates served as acting program manager from Oc- vates was completed, as was before and 2. Cultural Cyclic: Stabilize Tyuonyi tober 2007 to February 2008. The remain- after treatment photography on cavates Pueblo ing funds were used to support other park treated in FY 2008. 3. Cultural Cyclic: Graffiti Mitigation of priorities. • $63,000 was obligated through the Des- Frijoles Canyon Cavates As the Vanishing Treasures program man- ert Southwest Cooperative Ecosystem 4. Cultural Cyclic: Stabilize Big Kiva ager at Bandelier, Lauren’s responsibilities Study Unit to implement a research 5. CRPP Base: Conserve Frijoles Can- included the oversight and management of project on the anthropogenically dis- yon Cavates all VT program activities at the park, includ- turbed areas of the tuff cliffs in Frijoles Although there were a number of challenges ing the following, Canyon. Bandelier’s partner in this to overcome in FY 2008, all of our project • Emergency Treatment of Frijoles Can- project will be New Mexico State Uni- goals were met. The success of the Vanish- yon Cavates (budget $202,000): Exhibit versity, led by Nancy McMillan, chair ing Treasures Program at Bandelier Nation- Specialist Shannon Dennison led a of the Department of Geological Stud- al Monument can be attributed to the hard crew of archeologists and conservators ies. work of our crew of term and seasonal ar- in the continued treatment of the high- • Funds were obligated, through a con- cheologists, conservators, masonry workers, priority cavates in Frijoles Canyon. As tract awarded to 4G/Western Mapping archival specialists, along with the contribu- a result of this project, several cavates Company, for the mapping of the ar- tions of park staff and partners. In addition, were treated for tuff deterioration, ceil- cheological resources in Frijoles Can- Superintendent Brad Traver; Administrative ing and wall undercutting, and loss of yon Officer JoAnn Unruh; Contracting Officer structural material resulting from im- • Field crew members took on individual Bob Maynard; John Mack and Bob Powell, proper drainage. In addition to the projects related to the cavates in order Chief and Acting Chief of Resources; Mark Mackenzie, Director of Conservation for the Museum of New Mexico Conserva- tion Laboratory; Angelyn Bass Rivera, Con- servator at Pecos National Historical Park; and Jeff Brown, Chief of Resources at Pecos National Historical Park all provided a great deal of assistance and support. Masons Marty Davenport (contractor) and Elute- rio Varela, Vincent Quintana, and Reynaldo Tafoya of Pecos National Historical Park all contributed to the masonry stabilization project at Big Kiva. Consultation: The park successfully consulted with the State Historic Preservation Officer and affiliated tribes under Section 106 requirements for work related to the preservation of cultural sites. Safety: The Vanishing Treasures Program at Bandelier National Monument conducted weekly safety sessions led by different staff members to address issues related to both field projects and office work. These sessions utilized both Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs) developed for projects and outside research. Members of the VT field crew were made aware of the hazards involved in Frijoles Canyon. Long House is visible in the lower left, Bandelier National Monument. their jobs and took great care to keep them- Photo: Bill Johnson

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 45 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

to enhance their knowledge and un- earth- and lime-based plasters. Lauren is pology with an emphasis in archaeology derstanding of certain features, treat- also highly skilled at database development and a minor in Native American Studies ments, and materials. and management as a result of both project from The University of Montana. Shan- • Graffiti Mitigation in Frijoles Canyon work through the Vanishing Treasures Pro- non spent a season at Mesa Verde as an in- Cavates (budget $31,439): Through gram at Bandelier National Monument, and terpreter before attending graduate school a Cooperative Agreement with the contracts completed for several Museums and then worked on cultural resource proj- Museum of New Mexico Conserva- and conservation organizations. ects throughout the American west. Before tion Department, Conservators Larry Training: Lauren attended Section 106 coming to Bandelier, Shannon worked for a Humetewa and Conor McMahon re- training through the National Trust for His- cultural resource management firm as a his- turned to Bandelier in order to assist toric Preservation, as well as basic 40-hour toric preservation and archeological project VT crew members with graffiti mitiga- Supervision and NPS safety training. manager. She has a strong interest in the tion. Approximately 10 cavates were public use and understanding of cultural treated in FY 2008. Shannon Dennison, Exhibits Specialist sites as well as the philosophical and prac- tical issues surrounding the preservation of • Stabilization of Tyuonyi Pueblo (bud- (Conservator) maintained archeological sites accessible to get $50,000): This stabilization work FY 1998 Position the visiting public. was led by Exhibit Specialist Shannon This position was vacated in April 2008. In Dennison, with assistance provided by August, 2008, Shannon Dennison was of- VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Masonry Worker Martin Davenport. fered and accepted this position. Lapse sal- The 2008 season consisted of the reas- ary was used for other park priorities. FUNDING sessment of high and medium priority In FY 2008, Shannon supervised a crew of Project Name: Condition Assessment of walls, removal of cementitious mortars seven seasonal employees and served as Tsankawi Cavates (where appropriate), and repointing project manager for the Frijoles Canyon ca- PMIS Number: 115760 and reconstruction of walls using an vate conservation project, the Big Kiva ma- Project Summary: Location informa- acrylic amended earthen mortar. Over sonry stabilization project, and the Tyuonyi tion is known on most of the cavates in the course of the season, a total of 41 Pueblo masonry stabilization project. Shan- the Tsankawi Unit of Bandelier National wall faces were assessed, treated, and non also assisted program manager Lauren Monument because much of the area was photographed. Funding was also put Meyer in overseeing contracts and admin- mapped by Robert Lister in 1939, and again toward a contract to laser scan standing istering budgets; and while Lauren was on by the Bandelier Archeological Survey be- walls and topographic features of the maternity leave, Shannon took on all re- tween 1986 and 1992. In addition to these pueblo. sponsibilities related to the management of maps, studies of select groups of cavates in • Assess and Stabilize Big Kiva (budget the Vanishing Treasures Program at Bande- Tsankawi were undertaken by H. Walcott $43,500): Following a condition assess- lier. As a result of Shannon’s hard work, all Toll in 1986 and by Shaun Provencher in ment that was conducted in FY 2007, VT projects were completed successfully, 1999 to record architectural information the walls of Big Kiva were stabilized within budget, and on schedule. and existing conditions. While these studies using techniques and materials similar Shannon has a Master’s of Arts in architec- provide us with some additional informa- to those that have been used since 2002 tural conservation from The University of tion, it is quite limited. to stabilize Tyuonyi Pueblo. Fieldwork York (UK) and Bachelor of Arts in anthro- As part of the Toll study (1986), 116 of the was led by Exhibit Specialist Shannon Dennison and assistance was provided by Pecos National Historical Park and Jake Barrow, VT Exhibit Specialist. Treatment of all walls was completed in June 2008. Funds were also put toward a contract to laser scan the interior and exterior walls of Big Kiva. • Condition Assessment of Tsankawi Ca- vates (budget $121,436): See VT project narrative below. Lauren was on maternity leave from Sep- tember through December, 2008. Lauren has a background in archaeology and historic preservation and has been employed as an architectural conservator in the NPS since 2001. She has a strong background in documentation, condition assessment, and treatment of archeological sites and architectural features. For the last several years, Lauren has focused on the devel- Masonry Worker Tony Cimmarusti replaces lost mortar in a wall at Long House opment and implementation of treatments Pueblo, Bandelier National Monument. for stone masonry, earthen mortars, and Photo: Rae Miller

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 46

more than 300 Tsankawi cavates were as- all the Tsankawi cavates. This information 1. Documentation: Through an agreement sessed and documented. At that time, Toll will be used to establish baseline conditions facilitated by the Colorado Plateau Coop- placed 22% of the cavates that he inspected for future monitoring and management and erative Ecosystem Study Unit (CPCESU), in a “greater threat” or “major problem” to establish priorities for treatment. Cavate documentation of the Tsankawi cavates was category, and broad treatment recommen- documentation and condition assessment completed by staff of the Office of Contract dations were made. While cavate exteriors methodology and procedures were devel- Archaeology (OCA) of the University of were deemed stable, interior conditions in oped and used to record over 1,000 cavates New Mexico (UNM) under the direction many of them were identified as problemat- in Frijoles Canyon from 2001-2004. These of Richard Chapman and Cynthia Herhahn, ic. Conditions included wear on the tuff and methodologies served as the foundation for project Principal Investigators. As part of plasters resulting from applied and incised this project. The data collected have been this agreement, OCA provided services for graffiti, deterioration and loss of floor- ma added to the customized database that was the following tasks: terial, masonry collapse, and structural in- developed for the cavates of Bandelier Na- a. coordination with park personnel at stability as a result of tuff erosion. Although tional Monument. Bandelier National Monument to de- treatment recommendations were made, no Project Budget: $ 121,436 velop documentation protocols; treatment program was ever initiated. As Personnel: $1,877 b. participation in field training of the Toll’s study is now over twenty years old, Vehicles: $0 OCA documentation crew by BAND it is likely that the data no longer reflect the Travel/Training: $0 personnel; current condition of the cavates. Supplies/Materials: $0 c. field checking of existing cavate maps, Following Toll, Shaun Provencher assessed Equipment: $0 and selecting a numbering system for approximately 142 cavates on North Mesa Services/Contracts: $119,559 the cavates to facilitate documenta- and Tsankawi Mesa in 1999. Provencher Other: $0 tion and condition assessment; recorded that 11% of the cavates assessed Project Accomplishments: This project is d. documentation of architectural fea- were in need of “immediate treatment” and Phase One of a three-phase conservation tures and performance of condition 27% more were flagged as likely to need “fu- project to design and implement a compre- assessment for approximately 300 ture treatment.” Erosive conditions similar hensive conservation plan for the Tsankawi cavates according to established pro- to those recognized in the Toll study were cavates. Specific objectives of Phase One tocols (documentation included digi- identified, and treatment recommendations were to complete baseline documenta- tal photography of cavate exteriors, were once again made. These included tion (architectural descriptions and photo- significant architectural features, and restriction of access, stabilization of dete- graphs), conduct systematic and compre- unique conditions); riorating tuff (including areas of significant hensive condition and significance assess- e. recordation of the locations of hand loss and undercutting), plaster conservation ment of Tsankawi cavates, investigate and and toe holds, petroglyph panels, and (reattachment and edging), and drainage monitor the environmental causes of their trails that are directly associated with control. Also recommended was the com- deterioration, and prepare a priority treat- the cavate pueblos; prehensive and systematic assessment and ment schedule recommending immediate f. entering collected data into a BAND documentation of the Tsankawi cavates in and long-range treatments and monitoring project database previously developed order to create a body of condition and ar- activities for each cavate. by park personnel, and; chitectural data. As a result of Provencher’s g. digitization of archival photographs Phase Two will involve hydrogeologic anal- study, 2 cavates were treated for graffiti and and negatives. ysis, environmental monitoring, treatment plaster conservation measures were tested testing, investigative analysis of original ma- Project deliverables included a brief sum- in one cavate. No additional assessment terials, and detailed documentation. Phase mary report, updated maps, photo logs, dig- or treatment programs have been initiated Three will involve the completion and im- ital image files, database files, CDs of photo- since 1999. plementation of a conservation plan for the graphs and negatives, and finders guides. Based on informal visits to Tsankawi by VT cavates. The plan will focus on treatments 2. Condition assessment: Under the di- staff and results of the limited condition to arrest the causes of deterioration and, to rection of Angelyn Bass Rivera, Exhibits data collected in 1986 and 1999, it was de- a lesser extent, on repairing existing dam- Specialist (PECO), Lauren Meyer, Exhibits termined that a significant number of -ca age. Utilizing a preventive approach, the Specialist (BAND); and Shannon Dennison, vates are actively deteriorating and will re- plan will allow the resources to retain their Exhibits Specialist (BAND), seasonal staff at quire immediate attention to preserve their integrity by reducing the rate of their dete- Bandelier National Monument assessed the remaining archeological value. Conditions rioration. condition of all extant materials in approxi- that were identified in the earlier docu- The results from all three phases of the mately 333 cavates around Tsankawi Mesa. mentation remain clearly visible today and project will be used to manage not only the Fieldwork was completed by Leslie Fried- include disintegration and abrasion of the Tsankawi cavates but also hundreds of ca- man and Stephen Merkel, seasonal Exhib- tuff walls, cavate ceiling undercutting, de- vates in adjacent canyons within the park, its Specialists (BAND); Daniel Madryga, tachment/delamination of the multi-layered on the lands of nearby Pueblos and other Student Temporary Employment Program plasters and washes, and graffiti. The pre- Federal and State agencies. As an example, (STEP) Exhibits Specialist (BAND); and dominant threats to the resource appear to Bandelier is currently working with Santa Rebecca Chan and Katy Gallagher, STEP be accelerated erosion caused by water infil- Clara Pueblo to develop a conservation pro- Archeological Technicians (BAND). tration and unsupervised visitation. gram for the cavates and ruins at Puye. The methodologies employed by the field This project focused on a conducting a sys- Phase One of this project was split into three team were based on those developed for the tematic and detailed recording of existing distinct parts: documentation and condition assessment of conditions and an assessment of threats for

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 47 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

the Frijoles Canyon Cavates (2000-2007). of an intact and archeologically sig- through photogrammetry and GPS. Aerial Accomplishments included the following: nificant cavate floor. photographs were taken for the entirety of Tsankawi Mesa in November, 2007, and a. training of three new archeological In addition to the fieldwork, detailed condi- processing of these photographs and map technicians and three new exhibits tion data for all assessed cavates were en- production are underway. These products specialists in cavate condition assess- tered into an Access database. These data will allow Bandelier staff to more accurately ment methods, were used to develop a treatment schedule locate cavate sites and will serve as a base b. assessment of the condition of 333 for the cavates of Tsankawi Mesa. previously unevaluated cavates on layer to a Geographic Information System Tsankawi Mesa, 3. Mapping: Through a contract awarded to into which all architectural and condition c. production of sketch maps of a pre- 4G/Western Mapping Company of Tucson, assessment information will be entered. The viously undocumented cavate group, Arizona, the cavate pueblos of Tsankawi resulting system will facilitate the monitor- and Mesa, as well as all associated archeologi- ing of site conditions and the conservation d. production of a detailed sketch map cal/architectural features, will be mapped of the resources around Tsankawi Mesa.

Chaco Culture National program. Historical Park Having completed this extensive and long- term backfill program, we will be monitoring (CHCU) the sites and fine-tuning the backfilling and drainage systems as needed while turning VANISHING TREASURES our primary focus to cyclic maintenance. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND One of our goals for the near future is to ob- CHALLENGES tain funding to allow us to consolidate the VT Challenges and Successes: Our last VT backfill records and create a final backfill funded project was the backfill of the Pueb- report for the entire project. lo Bonito plazas in FY 2007. While this was For more information about the Chaco last year’s project, the tail end of the back- backfilling project see “VT Backfilling at filling spilled over into the beginning of FY Chaco Canyon and Aztec Ruins” in the FY 2008 and it represented the last scheduled 2007 Vanishing Treasures Annual Report. segment of a Park backfill plan that was out- lined for our VT sites nearly 15 years ago. Consultation: Our last VT funded project Because of funding shortfalls work on the was backfill of the plazas at Pueblo Bonito various sites has taken longer to complete in FY 2007. Decades of visitor traffic and than originally planned, nevertheless, the natural erosion from both wind and water work itself has been a great success. had caused the well built drainage systems in the east and west plazas to become the Thousands of square feet of wall fabric have highest points in the plazas. The backfill been treated, covered by fill, and removed project corrected this so that all areas of from our cyclic treatment work load. At the two plazas would drain to the existing some of the backfilled sites, the reduction drainage system. Consultation with the in the amount of wall fabric needing cyclic tribes posed no problems, as there would treatment represents a large percentage of be no excavation into prehistoric fill and the exposed walls surfaces (eg. Pueblo Alto, the project would restore the plazas to the BC50, BC 51, BC 59). For others, the pro- surface conditions existing in the 1950s. We portion of fabric now protected by backfill represents only a small proportion of the have a good working relationship with the exposed walls, but the backfilling solved 23 tribes with which we consult as well as serious and widespread drainage problems with the New Mexico State Historic Preser- within the site (eg Pueblo Bonito, Chetro vation Office (SHPO). Presentations of cy- Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo). At every site, clic maintenance proposals for our VT sites drainage systems were either installed or are typically the least controversial aspect of existing drainage systems enhanced. Early our tribal consultations, and have been met experiments with drainage and wood pro- with support from the New Mexico SHPO. tection, conducted in partnership with the Safety: The Chaco preservation division Getty Conservation Institute, were exam- maintains a set of over 20 job safety analy- View from a doorway in the Chetro Ketl Greathouse looking southward across Chaco Canyon to South Mesa, Chaco Culture National Historical ined, re-evaluated, and modified for various ses (JSAs) for our preservation related work. Park. localized situations over the course of the This includes all backfilling related activi- Photo: Courtesy Chaco Culture National Historical Park

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 48

ties, masonry repair and treatment, drainage that they can stop a project if they see an un- mentation, the evaluation of treatment op- setups, removing water collected in basins safe act or situation has helped maintain a tions, mortar mixing and color experimen- within sites after storms, use of front-end relatively high safety awareness level. tation, scaffold safety, lithic technology, and loaders, dump trucks, conveyor and electric working with and supervising multi-ethnic generator setups, scaffolding, climbing skills VANISHING TREASURES STAFF preservation and archeological crews. and equipment, welding, use of mortar mix- Roger A. Moore, VT Archaeologist He is skilled in Special Emphasis Program ers and other equipment. The preservation FY 1999 Position Allocation System (SEPAS) proposal writ- crew reviews these JSAs on a regular basis, ing, preservation program planning, preser- Roger has acquired significant on-the-job especially when beginning a new project. vation documentation, and database design The crew also receives Red Cross first-re- training in masonry work and testing of and monitoring. Roger serves as the park’s sponder training every year. mortar mixes, and has formal training in Archeological Sites Management Informa- While our safety record is not perfect, we general preservation techniques, lithic ar- tion System database coordinator and main- have avoided serious injuries while working tifact analysis, lithic materials identifica- tains scaffold use and safety certification as on VT sites for over seven years. It is a chal- tion and analysis, National Environmental well as Professional Rescuer certification. lenge to keep the safety awareness level rela- Policy Act and Section 106 of the National tively high, especially during the hottest part Historic Preservation Act compliance, and Leo Chiquito, Masonry Worker of the summer season. Holding a tail-gate Archeological Resources Protection Act in- FY 1999 Position meeting every morning before leaving for vestigations and incident reporting. Roger Leo is a very skilled masonry worker, having the field, and reminding all crew members is skilled in the design of preservation docu- worked for many years doing wall facing repointing, stone replacement, wall core rehabilitation, wall basal repair, and wall capping construction and repair. He is very experienced in mud and cement mortar repair on prehistoric and historic stone structures, backfill operations, and the design and construction of pipe drainage systems associated with backfilling. Training: Leo’s training this year included a formal three-day scaffolding training program, Lay Responder First Aid and CPR training, and the annual NW New Mexico VT workshop.

Earl Johnson, Work Leader FY 1999 Position Earl is a master mason with 30 years of experience working on many of the sites in the park as well as on greathouses and Na- vajo pueblitos. He has been involved in the backfilling program since it started nearly 14 years ago. As a work leader he both takes part in the work and teaches his crew in all aspects of ruins stabilization and backfilling. He has experience in managing multiple preservation crews involved in different levels of ruins treatment at several sites. In addition to his long history of masonry work, Earl has learned to estimate the personnel time needed to carry out various preservation and backfill activities and assist with estimates of project time and cost for SEPAS project proposals. He speaks both English and Navajo and can supervise employees in both languages. Training: Earl’s training this year included a three-day scaffolding training program, View from a doorway in the Chetro Ketl Greathouse looking southward across Chaco Canyon to South Mesa, Chaco Culture National Historical Lay Responder First Aid and CPR training, Park. and he attended the NW New Mexico VT Photo: Courtesy Chaco Culture National Historical Park workshop.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 49 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

and construction of pipe drainage systems associated with backfilling. Training: Garry’s training included a formal three-day scaffolding training program, Lay Responder First Aid and CPR/AED training, and the annual NW New Mexico VT workshop; and he maintains an LCD license.

Harold Suina, Masonry Worker FY 2001 Position Harold is a skilled masonry worker, with many years working on prehistoric wall facing repointing and stone replacement, wall core rehabilitation, wall basal repair, and wall capping construction and repair. Har- old has employed his skills on prehistoric greathouses and unit pueblos, proto-historic Navajo pueblitos, and historic Navajo hogans and ornos. Harold is very experienced in mud and cement mortar repair on prehistoric and historic stone structures, backfill operations, design and construction of pipe drainage systems associated with backfilling. In addition he keeps track of and com- Preservation Crew Leader Earl Johnson repairing capping on a second story wall at pletes most of the documentation forms for Wijiji Greathouse, Chaco Culture National Historical Park. backfilling. Photo: Courtesy Chaco Culture National Historical Park Training: Harold’s training this year included a three-day scaffolding training program James Yazzie, Masonry Worker pointing and stone replacement, wall core and Lay Responder First Aid and CPR/AED FY 1999 Position rehabilitation, wall basal repair, and wall training, and he attended the NW New James is a skilled masonry worker, having capping construction and repair. In addi- Mexico VT workshop. spent many years doing wall facing repoint- tion, Garry maintains a commercial driver’s ing and stone replacement, wall core reha- license and can operate a dump truck, front VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT bilitation, wall basal repair, and wall capping end loader, and Bobcat loader. He is very construction and repair. James is very ex- experienced in mud and cement mortar re- FUNDING perienced in mud and cement mortar repair pair on prehistoric and historic stone struc- Chaco Culture National Historical Park did on prehistoric and historic stone structures, tures, backfill operations, and the design not receive project funding this year. backfill operations, and the design and construction of pipe drainage systems associated with backfilling. James has employed his skills on prehistoric greathouses and unit pueblos, proto-historic Navajo pueblitos, and historic Navajo hogans and ornos. James has played an important role in our drainage system design and backfill program over the last 12 years, operating a small front end loader, setting up the conveyor system, and operating the generator. He has also served as one of our photographers for documenting before and after treatment. Training: Earl’s training this year included a three-day scaffolding training program and Lay Responder First Aid and CPR/AED training, and he attended the NW New Mexico VT workshop.

Garry Joe, Masonry Worker FY 2002 Position Garry is a skilled masonry worker, with Preservation crew leader Earl Johnson discusses preservation treatments with Cul- many years of experience in wall facing re- tural Resource division chief Dabney Ford, Chaco Culture National Historical Park. Photo: Courtesy Chaco Culture National Historical Park

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 50

El Malpais National way to make good decisions about the pres- were encountered during fieldwork in the Monument ervation of cultural resources. summer of 2008, as were bobcats. (ELMA) Safety: One of the most significant chal- Despite these challenges, the staff of El Mal- lenges regarding safety at El Malpais is the pais has maintained a good safety record. ruggedness of the lava flows and the sheer VANISHING TREASURES size of the monument. Often, staff must VANISHING TREASURES STAFF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND hike across miles of jagged basalt in order to James W. Kendrick, Archeologist conduct a condition assessment or record a CHALLENGES FY 1999 Position resource. Falls, tripping hazards, cuts and VT Challenges and Successes: The man- bruises or worse are all potential safety issues Jim directed multiple Vanishing Treasures agement of museum collections related to related to accessing a resource. While in the Projects at El Malpais and El Morro Na- Vanishing Treasures resources and projects field, staff must observe weather conditions, tional Monuments in FY 2008. At El Mal- is the most significant challenge facing the because the lava flows can attract hundreds pais National Monument, the highest prior- program at El Malpais National Monument. of lightning strikes per storm during the ity VT project focused on routine preserva- Each day in the field generates information summer monsoons. Numerous rattlesnakes tion maintenance at the Garrett Homestead. that is recorded in some fashion. Projects generate linear feet of archives, and condition assessments and inventories often dis- cover objects that are collected to prevent them from being stolen. This presents a challenge because it may become the responsibility of VT staff, especially at parks that do not have curators, to properly care for museum collections. Multiple annual inventories, completion of museum standards checklists, and the National Catalog submittal all require attention, time, funding, and personnel qualified to manage museum collections. El Malpais suggests that the Vanishing Treasures Program evaluate this need and determine if a curator position should be funded to assist parks on a program-wide basis. Our most successful project of 2008, executed by the VT Program at El Malpais, was the completion of routine preservation maintenance to the Garrett Homestead, a Depression-Era structure located in the Sandstone Bluffs area of the monument. Preservation treatments included repointing eroded mortar joints and resetting loose masonry throughout the one-room structure. Although the homestead is not for- mally interpreted, it is located alongside one of the main roads within the monument and is often visited. With Mt. Taylor rising over 11,000 feet in the distance, the structure creates a picturesque image for photographers. Consultation: El Malpais has developed and maintained very good relationships with the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division and Indian tribes in New Mexico and Arizona. In FY 2008, El Malpais consulted these offices regarding a number of projects, but most specifically for fire management undertakings. Vanishing Treasures resources must be inventoried and evaluated for potential effects prior to any fire management activity. Consultation with Hundreds of square miles of jagged black lava flows give El Malpais (the Badlands) its outside agencies is required, but El Malpais name, El Malpais National Monument. National Monument considers it the best Photo: Randall Skeirik

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 51 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Efforts at the Depression-Era homestead management. Jim also specializes in products architectural documentation through concentrated on repointing eroded mortar gram management, archeological project photography, conducts architectural condi- joints and resetting loose or fallen masonry direction (including data recovery and sur- tion assessments, and determines appropri- throughout the one-room sandstone struc- vey), and cultural resource compliance. ate preservation treatments. Calvin’s spe- ture. cialties include historic preservation, archi- In order to meet an ever-increasing need Calvin Chimoni, Masonry Worker tectural documentation, and archeological concerning management of museum collec- FY 2001 Position survey and documentation. tions, Jim worked with the Western Archeo- In FY 2008, Calvin led the Vanishing Trea- VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT logical and Conservation Center in Tucson sures preservation crew at the Garrett FUNDING and the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Eco- Homestead Preservation Maintenance system Study Unit (CPCESU) to develop a El Malpais National Monument did not re- Project. The Garrett Homestead site con- ceive project funding this year. multi-year agreement with the University of tains the remnants of a one-room structure Arizona to assist El Malpais and El Morro constructed of sandstone masonry that with its annual collections responsibilities. dates back to the late 1930s. The homestead El Morro National He also worked with other partners who is one of El Malpais’ most visited VT re- Monument are currently conducting projects at El Mal- sources. Preservation treatments included pais and El Morro. These partners include photographic documentation, repointing of (ELMO) the University of Pennsylvania’s Historic eroded mortar joints, and resetting of loose Preservation Department, Anthropology or fallen masonry throughout the entire VANISHING TREASURES Departments at Northern Arizona Univer- structure. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND sity and Southern Methodist University, CHALLENGES the Center for Desert Archaeology, and the Calvin also led the preservation crew at University of New Mexico. Atsinna Pueblo atop Inscription Rock at El El Morro is co-managed with El Malpais Morro National Monument. The Atsinna National Monument and its Vanishing Jim also served as Chair of the Intermoun- Pueblo Preservation Project is an on-going, Treasures work is combined with that of El tain Region’s Resource Stewardship Advi- multi-year project focused on architectural sory Team (RSAT) in 2008. RSAT was one Malpais. Like El Malpais, El Morro’s high- documentation and preservation of the est priority challenge is the management of of the sponsors of the first comprehensive 700-year-old structure. The most signifi- resource stewardship conference in the In- our museum collections. While archives cant accomplishment of 2008 was the de- and museum objects are not technically termountain Region in nine years. Both the velopment of a soil cement appropriate for Vanishing Treasures Program and arche- considered VT resources, the preservation use at Atsinna. A key characteristic of this work that the ELMO VT Program conducts ologists from around the region held affinity new soil cement is its reversibility. Calvin meetings during the conference. creates a significant backlog of uncataloged and Masonry Worker Edwin Seowtewa of items (photos, condition assessments, tech- Jim’s skills include field archaeology, project El Morro National Monument were instru- nical reports, architectural sheets, maps, direction, and cultural resource program mental in its testing and developing this new and so forth). Program-wide, there appears formula. to be no clear strategy for the long-term Central to the suc- management of these resources. Parks that cess of these proj- have curators do not have this problem; but ects were condi- for those parks that do not, the “challenge” tion assessments, to properly care for museum collections be- treatment recom- comes a responsibility that often falls on the mendations, and shoulders of VT staff. the prioritization As noted previously in the report from El of preservation Malpais, multiple annual inventories, com- needs before any pletion of museum standards checklists, “hands-on” work and the National Catalog submittal all re- began. Calvin di- quire attention, time, funding, and person- rected these efforts nel qualified to manage museum collections. at both Garrett and El Morro recommends that the VT Program Atsinna, which en- evaluate this need and determine if a cura- sured that the most tor position should be funded to assist parks threatened archi- on a program-wide basis. tecture received Consultation: El Morro National Monu- preservation treatment has a very good relationship with ments in 2008. the New Mexico Department of Historic Calvin has excep- Preservation and with Indian tribes in New tional preservation Mexico and Arizona. In 2008, consultation skills, especially with the New Mexico Department of His- Calvert Ondelacy repointing the Garrett Homestead, El Malpais with masonry and toric Preservation focused on fire manage- National Monument. earthen materials. ment activities at El Morro. Consultation Photo: Courtesy El Malpais National Monument Calvin also con- with Indian tribes focused on Native Ameri-

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 52

Steve also worked closely with the fire management program at both El Malpais and El Morro. At El Morro, he ensured the protection of numerous Vanishing Treasures resources during a fuels thinning project atop Inscription Rock. Steve also worked with several El Morro partners, including the University of Pennsylvania’s Historic Preservation Department (UPenn) and the Center for Desert Archaeology (CDA). UP- enn began working on a cultural landscape report for El Morro and the CDA is continuing its laser scanning project. Steve’s specialties include archeological project direction and information management; he is qualified to act as a Cultural Re- source Advisor during fire incidents or fire management activities. Steve has exception- al field archaeology skills and is an expert in the use of the Archeological Sites Manage- ment Information System (ASMIS). He has extensive field experience and has worked in numerous national parks in several different regions. Complementing these skills is his ability to develop and manage large Calvin Chimoni resetting loose stones at Atsinna Pueblo, El Morro National Monument. cultural resource information systems, his Photo: Courtesy El Morro National Monument knowledge of geographical information systems (GIS), and his ability to integrate GIS can Graves Protection and Repatriation on the Atsinna Pueblo Preservation Project with other information systems. Steve has Act (NAGPRA) issues. In August 2008, El in 2008; accomplishments included the re- managed several major Vanishing Treasures Morro held a very successful meeting at the pointing of eroded mortar joints on eight projects; and he holds a red card and has Western Archeological and Conservation walls in seven different rooms, filling deep acted as a Resource Advisor on prescribed Center (WACC) with numerous tribes in or- voids with mortar, resetting fallen masonry, burns at ELMA. der to begin a cultural affiliation study. and repairing severely eroded walls (a result of the summer monsoons). Routine pres- Safety: In FY 2008, the Vanishing Treasures VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT preservation crew had an excellent season ervation maintenance treatments such as with no near misses or injuries reported repointing mortar joints and resetting loose FUNDING while conducting work at Atsinna Pueblo and fallen masonry were also conducted at El Morro National Monument did not re- (El Morro) and the Garrett Homestead (El the Garrett Homestead. ceive project funding this year. Malpais). Daily tailgate discussions were conducted and all routine work required the use of Job Hazard Analyses and the program’s safety plan. Potential hazards at El Morro and El Malpais include falling and tripping hazards, improper use of tools, hiking across rugged terrain, seasonal hazards (heat exposure, poisonous and biting in- sects/snakes, allergens, lightning, etc.), and lifting and repetitive activities. Most importantly, the daily participation and good com- munication of the crew members promoted a safe working environment for everyone.

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Steven M. Baumann, Archeologist FY 2001 Position This position was originally filled as a mason but has been converted to an archeologist Steve directed Vanishing Treasures projects at Atsinna Pueblo (at El Morro) and El Mal- McCarty’s Lava Flow, El Malpais National Monument. pais’ Garrett Homestead. Work continued Photo: Randall Skeirik

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 53 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Fort Union National to discuss current and upcoming projects will be missed. We hope to have this vacan- and to provide new SHPO staff with an op- cy filled by early in calendar year 2009 Monument portunity to become familiar with the amaz- Training: Greg attended Facility Manage- (FOUN) ing resources found at Fort Union. ment Software System (FMSS) training in Safety: For the third consecutive year, Fort February. VANISHING TREASURES Union had no work related injuries. All members of the preservation staff are on the ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND Theodore Garcia, Craft Specialist safety committee and are extremely com- CHALLENGES FY 2005 Position mitted to a safe environment for employ- VT Challenges and Successes: The major ees and visitors alike. Job Hazard Analyses Ted continued to utilize his great abilities as challenge facing the Fort Union preserva- (JHAs) are reviewed and updated at the be- a work leader in yet another successful pres- tion staff this year was dealing with the ele- ginning of the season, and are referred to by ervation season. Despite weather-related ments, including the severe rain, wind, and setbacks, Ted and his fellow preservation hail storms that occurred in late June and staff when needed. Biweekly tailgate safety crew members stabilized all of the adobe again in mid-July. These two major events meetings and on-the-spot jobsite safety structures throughout the Monument, se- brought driving rains, hail greater than one walk-bys were conducted on a regular ba- curing them for another winter. In addition inch in diameter, and sustained winds of up sis throughout the summer as well. One to overseeing the application of more than to 40 miles an hour. In total, major impacts member of the preservation team attended 122,000 square feet of earthen plaster, Ted to the earthen shelter coat resulting from a week-long scaffolding training session and the crew repaired a partial wall failure these storms exceeded 7,500 square feet. held in Albuquerque and, upon his return, within the Hospital Complex. This failure Significant damage was concentrated on shared the information learned with his fel- occurred when torrential rains infiltrated the upper fifth of many north-facing walls; low crew members. a section of wall that had been previous- damage that tripled the staff’s workload and ly weakened by a pack rat nesting atop a required many hours to reapply up to three VANISHING TREASURES STAFF wooden lintel. Approximately 200 adobes coats of earthen plaster. The summer pres- Greg Phillipy, Exhibit Specialist (Ruins had to be made and relaid in this stabiliza- ervation team, consisting of two crews of Preservation) tion effort. masons and laborers, applied an additional FY 2002 Position 122,600 square feet of earthen plaster. Greg vacated the Exhibit Specialist position VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Consultation: Fort Union management in April, 2008; the resulting lapsed salary FUNDING staff met with the Wyoming State Historic was used to hire additional summer preser- Preservation Office (SHPO) and Cultural vation staff. Greg’s skills and knowledge in Fort Union National Monument did not re- Resource Support Office staff in late August historic preservation and in graphic design ceive project funding this year.

The Fort Union preservation crew repoints a stone foundation, Fort Union National Monument. Photo: Courtesy Fort Union National Monument

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 54

Pecos National Historical Park (PECO)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: Pecos Na- tional Historical Park faced two major challenges at two of its Vanishing Treasures resources this year. The first involved the questions of authenticity and integrity of Pigeon’s Ranch awaiting re-roofing, Pecos National Historical Park . the17th- and 18th-century adobe church Photo: Courtesy Pecos National Historical Park and convento complex, which is the park’s Consultation: Section 106 compliance Project Budget: $76,800 key interpretive site. The church and con- was completed for stabilization of Pigeon’s Personnel: $48,644 vento were built over a major pre-Hispanic Ranch with a State Historic Preservation Vehicles: $6,011 pueblo, and the church and convento walls Office (SHPO) concurrence of “no adverse Travel/Training: $0 have been extensively restored and main- effect” (see project description below). Supplies/Materials: $16,246 tained for nearly a century but often still Safety: Pigeon’s Ranch sits within three feet Equipment: $ encase original building fabric. It is chal- of New Mexico State Highway 50, a busy Services/Contracts: $4,750 lenging to validate the importance of the thoroughfare between Glorieta and Pecos Other: $7,768 restored walls (which have significant inter- Village. Re-roofing and basal stabilization Project Accomplishments: Project ac- pretive and historic value) and to obtain suf- along the south side of Pigeon’s adobe wall complishments at Pigeon’s Ranch in 2008 ficient funding to maintain both the original required scaffolding to be placed in the west- included the following: and restored fabric. bound lane of the highway. For four days, (1) Re-roofing of the adobe structure with The second challenge is the preservation the westbound lane of traffic was closed to cedar shakes that were determined (through historic photographs) to be appropriate for and interpretation of the Pigeon’s Ranch provide safety for the traveling public and the period of significance. The existing de- complex and its surrounding cultural land- for National Park Service personnel work- teriorated asphalt roll roofing was left in scape within its modern context. Pigeon’s ing on the project. To close that lane of place. Section 106 compliance was com- Ranch is located only a few feet from heav- traffic, a traffic safety plan was drafted by pleted prior to implementation. Re-roofing ily traveled Highway 50, one of two major PECO law enforcement and a New Mexico access routes into Pecos Village. The build- was done in cooperation with the historic Department of Transportation (NMDOT) ing’s proximity to this highway creates seri- preservation crew from Bandelier National Traffic Control/Roadway Work permit was ous preservation problems for this adobe Monument. submitted and approved by the NMDOT; a building, including traffic vibration and (2) Stabilization of the building foundation state-approved traffic control firm was con- road maintenance activities (e.g. snowplows and the lower courses of the adobe walls by tracted to implement the traffic safety plan piling snow against the building). Ironically, replacing eroded adobes, repointing, and and provide all equipment and services for Pigeon’s Ranch is relatively inaccessible to re-stuccoing with physically compatible the work; and PECO positioned electronic visitors because of the extreme safety haz- earthen materials. The foundation was fully signs to alert both eastbound and west- ards posed by vehicular traffic. covered with soil as part of the regrading bound drivers of traffic delays following and drainage effort. We are meeting these challenges with slow New Mexico State Highway Department (3) Modification of site drainage and local- and steady success. A preservation plan for guidelines. The work was conducted in full the church and convento is in preparation, ized soil regrading to promote positive flow compliance of state laws and was completed of surface water runoff away from the walls. which will help to define the values of the successfully without incident. site and may help to validate the importance Archeology compliance and investigation of the restored walls. Pecos has requested was completed prior to regrading. VANISHING TREASURES STAFF technical assistance from the Vanishing (4) Removal of ineffective gutters on north Treasures historical architect in developing Pecos National Historical Park has not re- and south sides of the building to facilitate this plan in FY 2009. At Pigeon’s Ranch, the ceived funding for any Vanishing Treasures water transport from the roof and away park is working with the New Mexico De- positions. from the adobe walls. partment of Transportation to improve the VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT (5) Written and photographic documentation before, during, and after treatment. A safety and maintenance practices associ- FUNDING ated with the road. We are also implement- final report and preservation schedule for ing new interpretive strategies that include Project Name: Stabilize Architecture at Pi- Pigeon’s Ranch is in preparation. developing trails to allow landscape-level geon’s Ranch/Repair Pigeon’s Ranch Struc- The long-term plan for Pigeon’s Ranch is to viewing of the site from the northern bluff, tures open the site to limited public visitation on as well as designing interpretive brochures PMIS Number: 73055/116377 a guided basis. To do this, future site pres- and signs that will tell the story of Pigeon’s Project Summary: This project provided ervation will focus on increasing safety for Ranch at the new visitor contact station for the re-roofing and basal stabilization of employees and visitors and preserving the nearby. the walls of Pigeon’s ranch. site’s integrity and significance

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico 55 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Salinas Pueblo Missions time and funding were exhausted. The park VANISHING TREASURES STAFF National Monument will use other funding to cover the cost of Ramona Lopez, Maintenance Worker the labor needed to complete stabilization (SAPU) (Ruins Preservation) in FY 2009. All of the necessary materials FY 1998 Position and supplies have already been purchased VANISHING TREASURES with the VT project funds. One focus of This position was vacant during part of FY 2008. Because of extended leave taken by ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND the project was to employ and mentor seven the park custodian, Ramona was temporar- CHALLENGES disadvantaged students from the immediate area to work on this project. Hired through ily assigned to maintenance duties. During VT Challenges and Successes: Salinas ex- the Student Temporary Employment Pro- this time, the ruins preservation position perienced a very busy year in FY 2008 with gram (STEP), the students were mentored was vacant and Ramona was paid from a two Vanishing Treasures-funded projects: in historic preservation techniques and NPS maintenance account. The lapse salary was the Completion of the Documentation of protocols. used to purchase new scaffolding equipment the Abó Mission (PMIS 117133) and the to replace worn and damaged equipment. Consultation: Both the Abó and San Bue- Stabilization of the San Buenaventura Mis- During the time Ramona was not assigned naventura projects were conducted using sion Complex (PMIS 37683). The docu- to maintenance, she was actively engaged categorical exclusions, the templates for mentation of the Abó Mission consisted of in the stabilization of the San Buenaventura which had been previously reviewed by the 3D laser scanning of the mission church Mission complex at Gran Quivira. and a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sur- State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). Ramona is a very experienced stabilization vey of the area immediately surrounding the Safety: As our projects were executed, we mission complex. The stabilization of San conducted routine safety sessions related to worker who provides direct on-site super- Buenaventura Mission at Gran Quivira ran scaffold and materials handling. In addition, vision for quality control and who routinely from March, 2008 to the end of the fiscal we sent five employees to a fall-protection trains new hires. She is experienced in many year. While a great deal of work was ac- class sponsored by the Facility Management aspects of ruins preservation work. complished, considerable sections of the Division at Petroglyph National Monu- Training: Ramona participated in OSHA mission remain to be finished, because both ment. Fall Protection training.

Laser scanning at the Mission of San Gregorio at Abó, Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument. Photo: Courtesy Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument

New Mexico Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 56

Marc A. LeFrançois, Exhibit Specialist FY 2003 Position Because Marc has been filling the vacancy left by Phil Wilson, who left in October, 2007, this position was vacant during part of FY 2008. His duties this year included facility management, so time spent performing maintenance duties was charged to a maintenance account. Marc managed all resource activities within the park, including the documentation of the Abó Mission, and the implementation of preservation treatments at San Buenaven- tura at Gran Quivira. He also managed all park personnel involved with resource preservation. Marc is skilled in architectural conservation and historic trade skills as well as in resource management. Training: All of Marc’s FY 2008 training involved annual management training re- The Mission of Purísima Concepción at Quarai with a large kiva in the foreground, quirements. Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument. Photo: Randall Skeirik Vacant, Archeologist FY 1999 Position sion Complex Project work included the following: This position was originally filled as a pres- PMIS Number: 37683 • Soil and stone analyses of the existing mortar, wall stones, and adjacent ter- ervation specialist but has been converted Project Summary: This project involved rain to develop different mortar mixes to an archeologist. the stabilization of the San Buenaventura for intervention treatments. Mortars With the departure of Phil Wilson, this posi- Mission at Gran Quivira, which ran from types included capping, repointing, tion was vacant for most of FY 2008. The March to the end of the fiscal year. and void filling, with variations as de- lapse salary was used to purchase new scaf- Project Budget: termined by chemical and moisture folding equipment to replace damaged and Total VT Project Funding: $125,000 distribution occurrences; worn equipment. The park plans to refill Personnel: $90,318 • Geologic mapping of the area to iden- this position in FY 2009. Vehicles: $9,516 tify depth to bedrock and subsurface Travel/Training: $970 anomalies; Vacant, Archeologist Supplies/Materials: $21,026 • A vibration impact study, and; FY 2000 Position Equipment: $0 • Review and analysis of the public use This position was originally filled as a craft Services/Contracts: $2,918 of the site and the park’s interpretive specialist but has been converted to an ar- Other: $300 program. cheologist. Project Accomplishments: This project Using this data the park has completed sev- This position was vacant during part of FY implemented preservation strategies eral activities including the following: 2008. The lapse salary was used to purchase based on the intensive documentation and • Identification of the primary sources new scaffolding equipment to replace dam- analysis of the San Buenaventura Mission of deterioration and the causal rela- aged and worn equipment. The park plans complex that was performed in FY 2005. tionship between the manifestations to refill this position in FY 2009. The treatments were based on an analysis of of deterioration and its source(s); data obtained through 3-D laser scanning • Development of appropriate preser- Vacant, Maintenance Worker (Ruins and mapping of the architectural remains vation strategies to address the sources Preservation) and adjacent landscape. The scans were of deterioration and prioritized treat- FY 2003 Position used to obtain accurate, basic metric data ment strategies, and; This position was vacant for all of FY 2008. and to visualize the architecture in a 3-D • Development of monitoring strategies The lapse salary was used to purchase new digital environment. The geo-referenced to evaluate changes in site and envi- scaffolding equipment to replace damaged laser scans were exported as shape files and ronmental conditions and evaluate the and worn equipment. The park plans to re- attributed with various datasets including effectiveness of treatment strategies. fill this position in FY 2009. stabilization histories, environmental data, Through this project, the park has imple- and condition assessment information. mented sustainable long-term preservation VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Spatial analysis then identified patterning treatments based on a thorough under- FUNDING in the rate and occurrence of deterioration standing of the resource, its significance, its Project Name: Implement Preservation and was used in establishing causal scientific and public value, and its place in Treatments at the San Buenaventura Mis- relationships. the natural environment.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets New Mexico

V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Texas

A failing retaining wall in the Corral of the Williams Ranch, Guadalupe Mountains National Park. Photo: Randall Skeirik u Big Bend National Park u Fort Davis National Historic Site u u Guadalupe Mountains National Park u Lake Meredith National Recreation Area u u San Antonio Missions National Historical Park u Texas Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: No Texas parks received project funding Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 60

Fort Davis National Historic Site (FODA)

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF

Roy Catano, Masonry Worker FY 2000 Position Fort Davis National Historic Site did not report on Roy’s activities for fiscal year 2008.

Miguel Estrada, Program Manager for Cultural Resource and Facility Division FY 2000 Position Fort Davis National Historic Site did not report on Mickey’s activities for fiscal year 2008.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING Fort Davis National Historic Site did not re- The porch of the post hospital, Fort Davis National Historic Site. ceive project funding in FY 2008. Photo: Randall Skeirik

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (SAAN)

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF

Susan Snow, Archeologist FY 1999 Position San Antonio Missions National Historical Park did not report on Susan’s activities for fiscal year 2008. Dean Ferguson, Masonry Worker FY 2000 Position San Antonio Missions National Historical Park did not report on Dean’s activities for fiscal year 2008. Steve Siggins, Masonry Worker FY 2003 Position San Antonio Missions National Historical Park did not report on Steve’s activities for fiscal year 2008.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING San Antonio Missions National Historical Mission Concepción, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park . Park did not receive project funding in FY Photo: Randall Skeirik 2008.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Texas

V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Utah

Documenting a structure below the Turk’s Head, Canyonlands National Park. Photo: Canyonlands National Park u Arches National Park u Capitol Reef National Park u Canyonlands National Park u u Glen Canyon National Recreation Area u Golden Spike National Historic Site u u Hovenweep National Monument u Natural Bridges National Monument u Zion National Park u Utah Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: Canyonlands National Park: $125,000 Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: $58,600 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 64

Canyonlands National Park the set-up and breakdown of field camps. address the recommendations made in the (CANY) Additionally, a 1,200-pound replacement River Corridor Architecture and Rock Art log for the Fort Bottom Cabin was moved Survey. Sue assisted other staff in the stabi- Canyonlands is part of the Southeast to the site and successfully installed with- lization of a number of sites along the Green Utah Group (SEUG) that also includes out any accidents or safety problems. Both and Colorado Rivers. Arches National Park, and Hoven- phases of the project were planned and con- Sue has extensive experience in archeologi- weep and Natural Bridges National ducted at a time of the year when there were cal site documentation, condition assess- Monuments. no high-water issues on the rivers, and sum- ment, structure stabilization, database man- mer heat was not a factor. VT Challenges and Successes: The biggest agement, and report writing. challenge of the year was the procurement VANISHING TREASURES STAFF and transport of a 1,200-pound cottonwood Pat Flanigan, Exhibit Specialist log for the Fort Bottom Cabin. This effort Sue Eininger, Archeologist FY 2002 Position involved personnel from the river shop/ FY 2002 Position In 2008, Pat performed condition assess- law enforcement, search and rescue, main- In 2008, Sue completed the report entitled ment work on Vanishing Treasures resourc- tenance, trails, resource management, the “2004-2006 River Corridor Architecture es in both Arches and Canyonlands National Southwest Conservation Corps, and park and Rock Art Survey.” Part of the field ef- Parks. He completed rodent-proofing at the personnel from other districts of Canyon- fort for this report was funded by the Van- Wolfe Ranch Cabin and worked with main- lands. The log was floated down the river, ishing Treasures Program. The 400-page tenance staff and volunteers to successfully attached to a high-line system and trans- manuscript summarizes the activities and solve long-term drainage problems around ported up from the river to the cabin. The results of a three-year site documentation the base of the Cabin. moving of the log was a good exercise in rig- and condition assessment project along the Pat continued the task of updating List of ging for future search and rescue purposes. Green and Colorado Rivers in Canyonlands Classified Structure (LCS) records, updat- Safety: The Vanishing Treasures crew from National Park. Sue had served on the field ing documentation and condition informa- the Southeast Utah Group completed all crew for the duration of the project and was tion for 11 previously recorded sites in the work during this field season without inci- the logical choice to author the document. Salt Creek Archeological District of Can- dent. This included use of boats for trans- In addition to her writing duties, Sue also yonlands National Park, and entering asso- port on the rivers, hiking up and down steep participated as a field crew member on the ciated information into both the Archeolog- talus slopes to access sites, carrying heavy River Corridor Ruins Stabilization Project, ical Site Management Information System stabilization materials and equipment, and a Vanishing Treasures-funded project to (ASMIS) and the LCS databases. Pat was

View down the Green River, Canyonlands National Park. Photo: Courtesy Canyonlands National Park

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Utah 65 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

also responsible for all photographic data Supplies/Materials: $6,325 into the top beams, repair of the entry door, processing related to the LCS work. Equipment: $4,430 and the installation of Dutchman-type Pat has extensive experience in site docu- Services/Contracts: $0 splices into rotted areas on the tops of two mentation, condition assessment, and data Other: $58,690 purlins. Jake Barrow, VT Exhibit Specialist, entry. Project Accomplishments: Six prehistoric was recruited to direct and assist with the VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT sites--four located on the Green River at historic preservation work. The sill log re- FUNDING Turk’s Head and Jasper Canyon and two placement turned out to be a collaborative sites on the Colorado River at Dog Leg and effort that engaged personnel from numer- Project Name: Stabilize Threatened VT Monument Canyons--were selected for sta- ous divisions throughout Canyonlands and Sites in the River Corridors bilization treatments through this project. other districts of the park. Project Summary: The River Corridor These sites, some of the most heavily visited In addition to conducting preservation Vanishing Treasures Stabilization and Docu- by the recreational public, were exhibiting maintenance on these seven sites, project mentation Project in Canyonlands National serious degradation from both human and funding also allowed the monitoring of two Park took place in two stages, from March natural impacts. Stabilization work includ- previously recorded sites and the archeo- through May and again in September, 2008. ed the repointing of eroded masonry joints, logical documentation of an additional 17 Six prehistoric sites were stabilized in the wedging of dry-laid masonry, backfilling, prehistoric sites, four of which received spring and an historic cabin located on the and limited graffiti removal. Green River was stabilized in September. minimal stabilization during recording. Sites The stabilization of the historic cabin at Fort that were documented during this project Southeast Utah Group monitoring forms Bottom on the Green River was treated as were updated to reflect the change in condi- were primarily those that were readily vis- a separate phase of the project because of ible along the river corridors and had had tion after the preservation work was com- the different approaches used to preserve pleted. Additional work completed dur- minimal if any previous documentation. Fi- masonry and wooden structures. Based on nally, six archeological sites were visited and ing this project included archeological site a condition assessment prepared by Randy documentation, site monitoring, and site assessed for potential future stabilization Skeirik, VT Historical Architect, work on and/or documentation needs. assessment for future stabilization or docu- the cabin included the removal of the roof- mentation needs. fall material from the interior, replacement All of the documented sites were entered Project Budget: of an eroded sill log, insertion of dowels into the SEUG archeological database and Total VT Project Funding: $125,000 into the corners of the structure, pinning the park-wide ASMIS database. All but two Personnel: $47,250 the rafter tails to the beam of the porch/ra- of the documented sites are considered eli- Vehicles: $0 mada, application of Boracare to the lower- gible for the National Register of Historic Travel/Training: $8,229 most logs on the cabin, setting Impel rods Places.

Stabilization work being conducted at the Fort Bottom Cabin, Canyonlands National Park. Photo: Courtesy Canyonlands National Park

Utah Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 66

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA)

VANISHING TREASURES ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES VT Challenges and Successes: The management of the VT Program at Glen Canyon suffered from the concurrent loss of both our Chief of Cultural Resources and our Vanishing Treasures Archeologist during FY 2007. Rosemary Sucec has recently filled the Chief of Cultural Resources position; and archeological technician Thann Baker is currently working under a Student Career Experience Program (SCEP) appointment. Consultation: Glen Canyon maintains consultation with up to twelve tribes and two State Historic Preservation Offices (SH- POs). In FY 2008, a programmatic agreement was signed between the Utah SHPO and GLCA, outlining the procedures for ex- Brian Culpepper, Chris Kincaid, and Thann Baker discuss site conditions in Cow Can- pedited compliance and consultation. yon, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Photo: Courtesy Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Safety: Most of the cultural resources at GLCA are located in rugged and difficult- field and in the laboratory and has experi- (MEVE), accompanied by GLCA Archeo- to-access backcountry areas. Helicopter ence with geographic information systems logical Technician Thann Baker. During transport and an extended field season were (GIS), mapping with AutoCAD, Total Sta- the first year, accomplishments included the required to accomplish this year’s VT proj- tion, and global positioning systems (GPS), assessment and architectural documenta- ect. Helicopter training, backcountry plan as well as with image production and con- tion of the six sites identified in the original protocols, and general safety awareness en- ducting geophysical surveys. Scope of Work as well as more brief stabi- sured an accident-free year. lization assessments of two additional sites: VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT Nino Presidio (42KA2796) and The Watch- VANISHING TREASURES STAFF FUNDING tower (42KA2690). Fieldwork was conduct- Thann Baker, Archeological Technician Project Name: Cow Canyon Archeological ed with an eight-member crew from MEVE FY 2002 Position Site Condition Assessment and Architectur- and one Glen Canyon NRA staff member This position was vacant during part of FY al Documentation over ten days. 2007. Lapse salary was diverted to satisfy PMIS Number: 116048 As a result, stabilization treatments have other urgent park needs. Project Summary: This project involved been recommended for four of the original In FY 2008, Thann accompanied and as- condition assessment and cyclic mainte- six sites (Seven Step Kiva, Mud Granary sisted the Mesa Verde National Park ar- nance treatment for selected structural sites Ruin, Tunnel Granary, and Perfect Ruin) cheological conservation crew in conduct- in Cow Canyon, a remote left-bank tribu- and one of the two additional sites that were ing condition assessment and architectural tary of the Escalante River. Selected sites assessed (Nino Presidio). documentation of six sites in Cow Canyon included Mud Granary, Tunnel Granary, Year-one deliverables will include complet- in the Escalante River Basin in Glen Canyon Perfect Ruin, Covered Pot Alcove, Seven ed data entry; the production of AutoCAD National Recreation Area. Step Kiva, and Gourd Grotto. maps and orthorectified digital imagery; As a full-time student, Thann spent a good Project Budget: updating of the archeological sites man- part of the year finishing his Master’s thesis: Total VT Project Funding: $58,600.00 agement information system (ASMIS) site an architectural analysis of storage facili- Personnel: $0 records for all eight sites to meet NPS stan- ties in the Escalante River Basin, providing Vehicles: $0 dards for completeness, accuracy, and reli- a cultural and temporally sensitive typology Travel/Training: $0 ability; and a completed cyclic Maintenance of construction techniques. Supplies/Materials: $0 Plan for each structure. The Cyclic Mainte- Thann is trained in VT documentation Equipment: $0 nance Plan will describe the original fabric, techniques and, through cooperative agree- Services/Contracts: $58,584 current condition, threats, recommended ments, has led condition assessment and Other: $0 maintenance cycle, potential for loss or architectural documentation crews at both Project Accomplishments: Work was initi- catastrophic failures, and recommendations Glen Canyon and Walnut Canyon National ated in June, 2008 by the archeological con- for monitoring and maintenance for each Monument. He is proficient both in the servation crew of Mesa Verde National Park site.

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Utah 67 Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Hovenweep National unteers conducting preservation mainte- Photoshop software, Laura developed stabi- Monument nance (repointing) for a second year. lization documentation of this project from At Natural Bridges National Monument photogrammetric images that she produced (HOVE) (NABR), Noreen led archeological site during the 2004-2006 phase of the project. Hovenweep is part of the Southeast tours at Kachina Bridge Ruin and Horsecol- These images will be used for architectural Utah Group (SEUG) that also includes lar Ruins as part of the park’s centennial analysis, archival documentation, and for Canyonlands and Arches National celebration. She also conducted a training long-term monitoring activities. Parks, and Natural Bridges National session for the NABR staff to implement a At Hovenweep National Monument, as Monument. staff monitoring program for heavily visited part of the update to the List of Classified archeological sites in the monument, and, in Structures database, Laura updated site VANISHING TREASURES STAFF December 2007, she monitored fuel reduc- documentation of several large prehistoric Noreen R. Fritz, Archeologist tion activities along the entrance road to Puebloan architectural sites at the Square FY 2002 Position Natural Bridges. Tower Unit. Much of this work focused on Noreen serves as the preservation archeolo- Noreen’s specialties include ruins preserva- mapping and recording structures, features, gist for all of the parks in the Southeast Utah tion, condition assessment, List of Classi- and artifact scatters that had previously Group. fied Structures (LCS), and archeological site not been recorded or described within the site record. She also conducted a literature She was the project director for a Vanish- documentation. search of these sites to update legacy data ing Treasures stabilization and documenta- Training: Noreen attended the Intermoun- within the Archeological Sites Management tion project along the Green and Colorado tain Regional Conference for Comprehen- Information System (ASMIS) and updated Rivers in Canyonlands National Park in FY sive Resource Stewardship held in Tucson, archeological data and management recom- 2008. This project followed through with Arizona in May, 2008. She also received on- mendations. management recommendations made dur- the-job training from Jake Barrow in historic ing the 2004-2006 River Corridor Archi- cabin stabilization techniques. At Natural Bridges National Monument, tectural and Rock Art Survey project (also Laura and seasonal employee Erin Lewis funded by Vanishing Treasures). Laura Martin, Exhibit Specialist mapped a series of architectural and rock art sites around the base of Ruin Rock and Additionally, Noreen updated documenta- FY 2002 Position performed checks on previously recorded tion on several large Puebloan architectural In FY 2008, Laura performed documenta- data. complexes that are part of the Square Tower tion, condition assessments, and stabiliza- Group at Hovenweep National Monument. tion of prehistoric Puebloan architectural In addition to her VT duties, Laura periodi- This completed the final set of Hovenweep sites along the Colorado and Green Rivers cally conducted National Historic Preserva- records for the List of Classified Structures in Canyonlands National Park--a project tion Act compliance work and monitored database. At the Cajon unit of Hovenweep, that was funded through the Vanishing Trea- construction activities and fuel reduction Noreen directed a group of Sierra Club vol- sures Program. Using AutoCAD and Adobe projects at both Hovenweep and Natural Bridges. Laura also conducted public archeological tours of Horsecollar Ruin and Kachina Bridge Ruin as part of Natural Bridges National Monument’s Centennial Celebration. Laura is skilled in the application and oper- ation of Total Station and global positioning system (GPS) mapping technology. She is also skilled in the production of integrated mapping products using geographical information systems (GIS), AutoCAD, Tripod Data Systems, and Adobe Photoshop software. She is highly experienced in performing site-wide archeological inventory documentation, architectural documentation, condition assessments, and stabilization mitigations. Training: In the spring, Laura attended the Intermountain Region Conference for Comprehensive Resource Stewardship in Tucson, AZ. In March, 2008, Laura completed her wildland firefighter refresher.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING A structure in the Holly Group, Hovenweep National Monument. Hovenweep National Monument did not Photo: Randall Skeirik receive project funding this year.

Utah Personnel, Projects, and Budgets V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Wyoming

Buildings along Officer’s Row Fort Laramie National Historic Site. Photo: Courtesy Fort Laramie National Historic Site

u Fort Laramie National Historic Site u Wyoming Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding Summary

Project Funds: No Wyoming park received project funding. Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report 70

Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA)

VANISHING TREASURES STAFF Vacant FY 2008 Position Fort Laramie received a Vanishing Treasures-funded base increase this fiscal year for an Exhibit Specialist (Ruins Preservation). This new position has been developed and is in the course of being filled. This year’s lapse salary was used to acquire a computer for the new position, an off-road utility vehicle for hauling VT employees and supplies to work sites, and various other VT-related supplies and materials. The remaining balance of funding was absorbed by other park maintenance needs after being offered to fellow VT parks.

VANISHING TREASURES PROJECT FUNDING Fort Laramie National Historical Site did A protective shelter coat being applied, Fort Laramie National Historic Site. not receive project funding this year. Photo: Courtesy Fort Laramie National Historic Site

A historic photo showing soldiers assembled on the parade grounds in 1883, Fort Laramie National Historic Site. Photo: Fort Laramie National Historic Site

Personnel, Projects, and Budgets Wyoming V a n i s h i n g T r e a s u r e s Appendices

Appendix A: Definition of Vanishing Treasures Resources...... i

1 con•di•tion \ken-’di-shen\noun Etymology: Middle English condicion, from Anglo-French, from Latin condicion-, condicio terms of agreement, condition, from condicere to agree, from com- + dicere to say, determine -- more at DICTION 1 a : a state of being b : social status : RANK c : a usually defective state of health d : a state of physical fitness or readiness for use e plural : attendant circumstances Appendix B: Terminology...... i

Appendix C:

Leadership Committee...... ii

Appendix D: Advisory Group...... ii

Appendix E: Annual and Cumulative Funding...... iii

Appendix F: VT Fiscal Year 2008 Project Funding...... iv Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report i

Appendix A: Definition of Vanishing Treasures Resources Vanishing Treasures Resources are defined as a structure or grouping of related structures that: • Are in a “ruined” state. • Have exposed intact fabric (earthen, stone, wood, etc.). • Are not being used for their original function. • Occupation and utilization have been interrupted or discontinued for an extended period of time. • Are located in the arid West. • Are the resources, or part of the resources, for which the park was created, are a National Historic Landmark, or listed on, or eligible for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places. Examples of Vanishing Treasures Resources: • Architectural remains that have intact historic fabric exposed at or above grade including: wall alignments, upright slabs, foundations, bins, cists, constructed hearths. • Sub-grade architecture exposed through excavation or erosion (i.e., pithouses, dugouts, cists, etc.). • Native American architectural structures (i.e., pueblos, cliff dwellings, hogans, wickiups, ramadas, corrals, earthen architecture, etc.). • EuroAmerican architectural structures (i.e., churches, convents, forts, ranch-farm structures/homesteads, mine buildings, acequias or related features, kilns, etc.). Examples of Non-Vanishing Treasures Resources: • Sites with no exposed architecture or structural remains, (i.e., collapsed, buried, mounded, or otherwise not evident). • Archeological or other sites with no architectural remains (i.e., lithic scatters, dumps, campsites, etc). • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Civil Works Administration (CWA) buildings and features. • Historic structures that are regularly maintained, and/or adaptively used, and fit within the Historic Structures/List of Classified Structures (LCS) definitions. • Structures in use as National Park Service facilities (i.e., administrative buildings, trails, bridges, ditches, canals, etc). • Mineshafts or caves, that do not have architectural/structural features. • Pictographs, petroglyphs, rock art, etc., except if found in or on architectural structures. • National Park Service or other reconstructed buildings or ruins (i.e., Aztec Great Kiva, Bents Old Fort).

Note: Many of the traditionally associated communities to whom Vanishing Treasures resources/archeological sites hold importance, do not consider those sites to be unoccupied, out of use, or abandoned. “Ruins” are considered by some groups to be spiritually inhabited and are considered to be “in use” by virtue of being invoked in prayers, songs, stories, etc. They are considered dynamic parts of active cultural systems. While we use the term “ruins” and the associated definition, it is recognized that some communities do not use the term “ruin” nor consider the places to be unoccupied or out of use.

Appendix B: Terminology Condition Good - The site shows no clear evidence of major negative disturbance and deterioration by natural and/or human forces. The site’s archeological values remain well-preserved, and no site treatment actions required in the near future to maintain its condition. Fair - The site shows clear evidence of minor disturbance and deterioration by natural and/or human forces, and some degree of corrective action should be carried out fairly soon to protect the site. Poor - The site shows clear evidence of major disturbance and rapid deterioration by natural and/or human forces, and immediate corrective action is required to protect and preserve the site. Intensity of On-Site Erosion Severe - The site will be significantly damaged or lost if action is not taken immediately. Moderate - For an impact to be considered moderate, it must meet at least one of the following criteria: The site will be significantly damaged or lost if action is not taken in the immediate future. The site has been damaged and some integrity has been lost. Low - The continuing effect of the impact is known but it will not result in significant or irreparable damage to the site. None - The site has not been obviously impacted. Integrity - Integrity refers to how much of the structure remains standing and intact. For example, a structure with only one intact, standing wall, would be given a value of 20% . A structure with all four walls standing and intact, plus an intact roof and floor, a 100% value would be given. Stability - Stability refers to a wall or structures’ state of equilibrium. Stable - A structure that maintains consistency of composition and components with little or no sign of erosion that would lead to any form of structural degradation. The term stable can also be applied to structures that have essentially deteriorated to grade and thus have little or no standing structural remains above the ground surface that would be subject to further deterioration. Partially Stable - A structure that exhibits signs of whole or partial degradation of the existing composition and components such that structural stability is threatened. Unstable - A structure that has suffered damage from erosion such that structural collapse or complete degradation is imminent.

Apendicies ii Vanishing Treasures 2008 Year-End Report

Appendix C: Leadership Committee

Vanishing Treasures Leadership Committee: 2006 Representing Name Term Start Date End Date Arizona Brad Traver 3 Years 1/24/2006 May 2009 Arizona Lee Baiza, Chair 3 Years 5/25/2005 May 2008 California/Nevada Curt Sauer 3 Years 5/25/2005 May 2008 Colorado/Utah/Wyoming Bruce Noble 2 Years 5/25/2005 May 2007 Colorado/Utah/Wyoming Corky Hays 3 Years 5/25/2005 May 2008 New Mexico/Texas Kayci Cook Collins 3 Years 1/24/2006 May 2009 New Mexico/Texas Todd Brindle 2 Years 1/24/2006 August 2006 New Mexico/Texas Darlene Koontz 2 Years 8/2006 IMR Sande McDermott Permanent PWR Stephanie Toothman Permanent VT Program Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon Permanent

Vanishing Treasures Leadership Committee: 2007 Representing Name Term Start Date End Date Arizona Brad Traver 3 Years 2006 May 2009 Arizona Lee Baiza, Chair 3 Years 2005 May 2008 California/Nevada Curt Sauer 3 Years 2005 May 2008 Colorado/Utah/Wyoming Corky Hays 3 Years 2005 May 2008 New Mexico/Texas Kayci Cook Collins 3 Years 2006 May 2009 Colorado/Utah/Wyoming Mitzi Frank 3 Years 2007 May 2010 IMR Sande McDermott Permanent PWR Stephanie Toothman Permanent VT Program Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon Permanent