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• What Defines the Genus Homo? • When Does Homo First Appear Last time... • What defines the genus Homo? • When does Homo first appear? Where? • How do we identify these fossils as Homo rather than Australopithecus? • How are Homo habilis different from the other hominids they are contemporaneous with? 1 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Olduwan tools • What are Olduwan tools? • How are they made? • When are they first found and with which species? 2 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Adaptive pattern • How does the adaptive pattern of early Homo differ from that of the Australopithecines? • Why was brain size selected for? • What else changes in adaptation when brain size increases? 3 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 H. habilis v. H. erectus • What makes these two species different? • When are they found in time? space? 4 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Possible Homo species Homo habilis • Sometimes the same • Homo rudolfensis • Homo ergaster Sometimes the same • Homo erectus 5 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Homo erectus • Who is Homo erectus? • Where is this species found? • In what time frame? • What are its identifying anatomies? 6 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Homo erectus lifeways • tool technologies that reflect advanced cognitive skills • Dietary shift to a more heavily meat- based diet than its predecessors 7 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Zhoukoudian 300 kya 8 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Homo floresiensis 95,000-13,000 9 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 10 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 11 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Homo antecessor / Homo erectus? Atapuerca Atapuerca 1.2 mya 800,000 12 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Cranial capacities Cranial Capacity Africa 690-1067 Indonesia 800-1250 China 855-1225 13 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Cultural changes • Greater home range - SIGNIFICANTLY • More complex stone tools - Acheulean industry 14 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Acheulean handaxes 15 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Cultural changes • Control of fire (?) • Construction of shelters (?) • Crossing of water 16 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Cultural changes • Care of elderly (over 40!) • More complex stone tools - Acheulean industry 17 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 What is special about Homo erectus • Left Africa • Made more complex stone tools • Controlled fire • Constructed shelters • Modern human proportions and big brains 18 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 19 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 20 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 21 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 22 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 H. erectus archaic Homo 23 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Archaic Homo 24 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 25 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Archaic Homo • bigger brains • higher skull • less pronounced brow ridges • chin? • less prognathism 26 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Time frame modern 160 H. neanderthalensis? 300 27 H. heidelbergensis? 600 200 1 my 500 k 27 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 “Species” of Archaic Homo • Homo heidelbergensis • Homo rhodesiensis • Homo neanderthalensis • + More 28 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Bodo 600,000 29 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Kabwe 30 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Atapuerca 5 31 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Mauer 32 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Petralona 33 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Dali 34 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Jinnuishan 35 Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Maba 36 Tuesday, May 3, 2011.
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