DOCSLIB.ORG

School Networking in the Pacific Island States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
School Networking in the Pacific Island States THE COMMONWEALTH OF LEARNING School Networking in the Pacific Island States An Environmental Scan and Plan for the Establishment of Schoolnets for the Pacific Island States Sponsored by The Commonwealth of Learning April 2002 FINAL REPORT Organised by: The Commonwealth of Learning Supported by: The Commonwealth of Learning Report prepared by: Denis Brandjes, Johannesburg, South Africa © The Commonwealth of Learning Published by: The Commonwealth of Learning Tel: 604 775 8200 1285 West Broadway, Suite 600 Fax: 604 775 8210 Vancouver, BC V6H 3X8 Email: [email protected] CANADA SCHOOL NETWORKING IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES AN ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN AND PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCHOOLNETS FOR THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES PREPARED FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF LEARNING VANCOUVER, CANADA WWW.COL.ORG BY DENIS BRANDJES JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA [email protected] APRIL 2002 CONTENTS PHOTOGRAPHS AND IMAGES .............................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 7 OBSERVATIONS..........................................................................................................................................10 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................................23 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................33 THE AUTHOR ..............................................................................................................................................34 ANNEXURE A – TERMS OF REFERENCE........................................................................................35 ANNEXURE B – KIRIBATI COUNTRY PROFILE...........................................................................37 ANNEXURE C – NAURU COUNTRY PROFILE...............................................................................48 ANNEXURE D – SAMOA COUNTRY PROFILE ..............................................................................55 ANNEXURE E – TONGA COUNTRY PROFILE..............................................................................65 ANNEXURE F – VANUATU COUNTRY PROFILE.........................................................................75 ANNEXURE G – USP INTERVIEW ......................................................................................................86 ANNEXURE H – PACIFIC ISLANDS NETWORK............................................................................87 ANNEXURE I – ICT SPONSORS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS.....................................................90 ANNEXURE J – DRAFT PACIFIC ISLANDS REGIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHOLOGIES STRATEGIC PLAN ...........................................................94 SCHOOL NETWORKING IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES 2 PHOTOGRAPHS AND IMAGES Cover Page Photo: Onesua Presbyterian College, Efate, Vanuatu Image 1: Nauru College.................................................................................................................................... 4 Image 2: Tarawa Atoll, Kiribati, from the air ............................................................................................... 5 Image 3: Children at play in lagoon, Tarawa, Kiribati................................................................................. 6 Image 4: Moroni High School, Tarawa, Kiribati.......................................................................................... 9 Image 5: South Pacific Regional Map ..........................................................................................................10 Image 6: Namamanuca Primary School, Fiji Islands.................................................................................12 Image 7: Onesua Presbyterian College, Efate, Vanuatu............................................................................13 Image 8: National University of Samoa, Apia, Samoa ..............................................................................15 Image 9: USP VSAT Network Map.............................................................................................................17 Image 10: KGV EBS Secondary School, South Tarawa, Kiribati...........................................................18 Image 11: Richard Lewis, Principal and Mr. Venos Agege, Teacher, Nauru College, Nauru.............19 Image 12: Mr. Reupena Rimoni, Headmaster, Samoa College, Apia, Samoa........................................20 Image 13: Library, Tonga Institute of Education, Tongatapu, Tonga....................................................21 Image 14: Mr. John Niroa, Principal, Malapoa College, Port Vila ..........................................................22 Image 15: Primary School, Apia, Samoa......................................................................................................26 Image 16: Children at Central Primary School, Port Vila, Vanuatu........................................................28 Image 17: Nauru Shoreline ............................................................................................................................32 Image 18: Satellite Dish at Tonga Communications Corporation ..........................................................33 SCHOOL NETWORKING IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In completing this study, I wish to acknowledge: • The support of Mr. Vis Naidoo (supervising) and Patricia Schlicht (travel and administrative arrangements), both of The Commonwealth of Learning (COL). • Representatives of Ministries/Departments of Education in the various countries. In particular, Mr. Temaia Ereata (Kiribati), Mr. Baron Waqa (Nauru), Mr. Levaopolo Tupae Esera (Samoa), Mrs. Peaua Tu'ipulotu Heimuli (Tonga) and Mr. Johnny Marango (Vanuatu) for making time and resources available to facilitate interviews and site visits in each of the countries. • Prof. Rajesh Chandra of the University of the South Pacific (USP) for granting interview time and commenting on the process. • Dr. James F. McDivitt of the United Nations Association of the USA (UNA-USA), Hawaii Division, for valuable comments and collaboration in providing a way forward. The Pacific Islands Network (PIN) is an initiative of the UNA-USA Hawaii Division. Image 1: Nauru College SCHOOL NETWORKING IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES 4 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ASP Associated Schools Project (of UNESCO) COL The Commonwealth of Learning DFID Department for International Development (of the United Kingdom) EU European Union GDP Gross domestic product ICT Information and Communication Technology iEARN International Education and Resource Network ISP Internet service provider KTC Kiribati Teachers College LDC Least Developed Countries NUS National University of Samoa ODL Open and distance learning PICT Pacific Island Countries and Territories PIFS Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat PIN Pacific Islands Network PITA Pacific Island Telecommunications Association PNG Papua New Guinea PTC Pacific Telecommunications Council SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community TCC Tonga Communications Corporation TVL Telecom Vanuatu Limited TTI The Technical Institute (Kiribati) UNA-USA United Nations Association of the United States of America UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization USP University of the South Pacific Image 2: Tarawa Atoll, Kiribati, from the air SCHOOL NETWORKING IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND STATES 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is the result of a study focused on the establishment and promotion of school networking agencies (schoolnets) in the Pacific island states. The Commonwealth of Learning, based in Vancouver, Canada, commissioned the study. The task comprises an environmental scan and feasibility study leading to a proposal for the development of school networking in the region. The complete Terms of Reference for this study are attached as Annexure A. The methodology includes visits to six Pacific island states, namely Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu and Fiji, in August 2001. The participating countries exclude Fiji, although it was visited due to the location there of the University of the South Pacific (USP), which is an important regional entity. The individual state visits were each completed in several days, and entailed meetings and discussions with education ministry officials and representatives, corporations involved in information and communication technology (ICT), such as Internet service providers (ISPs), telecommunications providers and power utilities, organisations such as UNESCO, educational institutions such as USP and the National University of Samoa, and schools. The findings from the state visits are presented in conjunction with wider research and discussions with relevant stakeholders. The report includes a proposed way forward for the development of school networking
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis Template
    AID, ATTITUDES AND AMBIVALENCE: THE IMPACT OF AUSTRALIAN AID IN THE INTRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION INITIATIVES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Rodney Brian Yates Bachelor of Arts, Diploma in Education (University of NSW) Master of Arts (Macquarie University) Master of Analytical Psychology (University of Western Sydney) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Education Queensland University of Technology 2018 Keywords Australian Aid, Critical Pedagogy, Developing Countries, Development Aid, Inclusive Education, Kiribati, Pacific Island Nations Aid, Attitudes and Ambivalence: the impact of Australian Aid in the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in the Republic of Kiribati i Abstract Foreign aid is political; donor governments set the agenda and oversee the use of aid in developing nations. Inclusive education is a socio-political construct emerging from the human rights movements in developed countries. This study examines the research questions of dependency on Australian Aid and local ownership/sustainability in the introduction of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati through data analysis of documents, individual interview responses and school-based focus group discussions. The participants were key local stakeholders from both the aid recipient and donor viewpoints for the individual interviews and classroom teachers for the focus groups. The document analysis focused on the Kiribati Inclusive Education Policy (2015). Adherence to international (western) principles was predominant in the policy which was developed with significant input from external advisers. Process and values coding was used to examine the individual interviews and focus group responses. These responses indicted that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging in Kiribati, particularly for local education professionals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Incorporating Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Into the Secondary Curriculum in Order to Minimise the Problems of Waste on South Tarawa
    The importance of incorporating Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into the Secondary Curriculum in order to minimise the problems of waste on South Tarawa. By Sina Moy A thesis Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Geography Victoria University of Wellington 2008 Abstract Waste is an increasing problem in Small Island States (SIDs) such as Kiribati. In Kiribati the major concern is on the capital island, South Tarawa with more than 6,500 tons of solid waste generated each year. With only a tiny strip of land supporting a large population, it is no wonder it resulted as the highest population density compared to Tokyo. More than half of the Kiribati population lives on the capital, South Tarawa with an estimation of 150 people per/km². Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)/Environmental Education (EE) are taught through Social Studies, Science and other disciplinary subjects only in primary up to junior secondary school. The missing link of this ESD/EE can be found at the secondary level. The main aim of this research is to find out ways of incorporating ESD/EE at secondary level in order to help minimise waste issues that are present on urbanised South Tarawa. By formalising education for sustainable development/environmental education into the secondary school syllabus, it will help young citizens of Kiribati prepared as active members of society. As the Ministry of Education (NZ) states “Environmental education provides a relevant context for identifying, exploring, and developing values and attitudes that can ensure students' active participation in maintaining and improving the quality of the local, national, and global environment.” (Education for Sustainability).
    [Show full text]
  • Out-Of-School Children: a Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth
    C O L C O L Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth Sharishna Narayan With support from Tony Mays Som Naidu Kirk Perris Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth Sharishna Narayan With support from Tony Mays Som Naidu Kirk Perris The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of knowledge, resources and technologies in open learning and distance education. Commonwealth of Learning, 2021 © 2021 by the Commonwealth of Learning. Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. For avoidance of doubt, by applying this licence, the Commonwealth of Learning does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that they may be entitled to assert, nor does the Commonwealth of Learning submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction. ISBN: 978-1-7772648-4-0 Cover photo: M M from Switzerland, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Published by: COMMONWEALTH OF LEARNING 4710 Kingsway, Suite 2500 Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5H 4M2 Telephone: +1 604 775 8200 Fax: +1 604 775 8210 Web: www.col.org Email: [email protected] Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................ viii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................... ix 1. Overview ..................................................................................................... 1 Exploratory Study of Out-of-School Children (OOSC) in the Pacific: 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhyming Dictionary
    Merriam-Webster's Rhyming Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts A GENUINE MERRIAM-WEBSTER The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a number of publishers and may serve mainly to mislead an unwary buyer. Merriam-Webster™ is the name you should look for when you consider the purchase of dictionaries or other fine reference books. It carries the reputation of a company that has been publishing since 1831 and is your assurance of quality and authority. Copyright © 2002 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merriam-Webster's rhyming dictionary, p. cm. ISBN 0-87779-632-7 1. English language-Rhyme-Dictionaries. I. Title: Rhyming dictionary. II. Merriam-Webster, Inc. PE1519 .M47 2002 423'.l-dc21 2001052192 All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of the publisher. Printed and bound in the United States of America 234RRD/H05040302 Explanatory Notes MERRIAM-WEBSTER's RHYMING DICTIONARY is a listing of words grouped according to the way they rhyme. The words are drawn from Merriam- Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Though many uncommon words can be found here, many highly technical or obscure words have been omitted, as have words whose only meanings are vulgar or offensive. Rhyming sound Words in this book are gathered into entries on the basis of their rhyming sound. The rhyming sound is the last part of the word, from the vowel sound in the last stressed syllable to the end of the word.
    [Show full text]
  • A Baseline Study on Technology-Enabled Learning in the Commonwealth Pacific Island Countries: Report
    A BASELINE STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED LEARNING IN THE COMMONWEALTH PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES: REPORT The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to promote the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. Commonwealth of Learning, 2015 © 2015 by the Commonwealth of Learning. This report is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence (international): http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-sa/4.0. For the avoidance of doubt, by applying this licence the Commonwealth of Learning does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that it may be entitled to assert, nor does the Commonwealth of Learning submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction. Report Prepared by: Leatuaolevao Ruby Vaa Campus Director Alafua Campus The University of the South Pacific Samoa Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the support received from the following whilst preparing this report: Fiji: Mr. Ian Thomson, Manager, Teachers Education Resources and e-Learning Centre (TEREC), USP Laucala Campus; Ms. Salote Rabuka, Director, Fiji Higher Education Commission; and Mr. Matai Tagicaki, Specialist on OER, Fiji Higher Education Commission. Kiribati: Dr. Uentabo Mackenzie, Campus Director, USP Kiribati. Samoa: The Honourable Tuisugaletaua Sofara Aveau, Minister for Communications and Information Technology; personnel from the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture, and the MESC SchoolNet project team; Ms. Laeimau Oketevi Tanuvasa-Savea, CEO, and Ms. Suemalo Vesi Tusani; Computer Services Ltd.; Mr. Sia Matalavea, IT Services Manager, USP Samoa.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Development [PDF,4MB]
    ill The Network ttt! The Development Studies Network provides information and discussion on social and economic development issues. It publishes a quarterly journal, Development Bulletin, runs regular seminars on development policy and annual conferences on international development. Members of the Network are encouraged to contribute information and papers to the Development Bulletin. Subscription to the Development Bulletin includes membership of the Network. This allows you to publicise in the Development Bulletin information about new development-related books, papers, journals, courses or conferences. Being a member of the Network allows you special discounts to Network seminars and conferences. ill Network Office Bearers tttt National Patron Advisory Board The Right Honourable Mr Ian Sinclair Dr John Browett, Dean, School of Social Sciences and Director Development Studies Centre, Flinders University Board of Directors Professor John Overton, Director, Development Studies Dr Pamela Thomas Centre, Massey University . Associate Professor Joe Remenyi, Deakin University Dr Terry Hull, Director, Demography Program, A'flstralian Professor Gavin Jones, Australian National University National University Dr Sharon Bessell, Australian National University Mr Bob McMullan, MP, Canberra Janet Hunt, Consultant Professor Mark McGillivray, World Institute for Development EconomicS'Research, United Nations University, Helsinki Editorial Board Dr Pamela Thomas, Managing Editor Professor Dick Bedford, University ofWaikato Editor Professor Dean Forbes,
    [Show full text]
  • Skilling the Pacific: Technical and Vocational Education and Training
    Skilling the Paci Pacific Studies Series About the Book Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) means the acquisition of competencies, know-how, and attitudes necessary to perform an occupation in the labor market. While TVET is important for fi socio-economic development, it constantly needs to be transformed so c that what it offers reflects the reality of the labor market in the Pacific AND TRAINING IN THE PACIFIC EDUCATION TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL region. This study document has highlighted strengths and weaknesses of TVET initiatives in the 13 Pacific Islands countries and provides future scope for strategic planning. The document also captures many good practices from around the world, which are applicable to the Pacific context of TVET. About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries substantially reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two thirds of the world’s poor. Nearly 1.7 billion people in the region live on $2 or less a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, Skilling the Pacifi c grants, and technical assistance. In 2007, it approved $10.1 billion of loans, $673 million of grant projects, and technical assistance TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION amounting to $243 million.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against
    United Nations CEDAW/C/KIR/1-3 Convention on the Elimination Distr.: General 25 March 2019 of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Original: English English, French and Spanish only Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Combined initial, second and third periodic reports submitted by Kiribati under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2005* [Date received 12 February 2019] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. 19-04910 (E) 300419 *1904910* CEDAW/C/KIR/1-3 Acronyms AMAK Aia Mwaea Ainen Kiribati ATHKL Almagamated Telecom Holdings Kiribati Limited AUSaid Australian aid programme CSO Civil Society Organisation ESGBV Eliminating Sexual and Gender Based Violence FBO Faith Based Organisation KDP Kiribati Development Plan KEF Kiribati Education Fund KEIP Kiribati Education Improvement Programme KFHA Kiribati Family Health Association KILGA Kiribati Islands Local Government Association KV20 Kiribati 20 year Vision 2016–2036 MoE Ministry of Education MHMS Ministry of Health and Medical Services MoJ Ministry of Justice MIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MISA Ministry of Internal and Social Affairs MWYS(S)A Ministry of Women, Youth, (Sports) and Social Affairs PIF Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat SHIP Kiribati Shared Implementation Plan for ESGBV SPC Secretariat for the Pacific Community UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Fund UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Family Population Report UNWOMEN United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women
    [Show full text]
  • Network of Women in Higher Education in the Pacific (Netwhep). Report of Meeting of September 28-October 1, 1996
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 410 901 HE 030 498 TITLE Network of Women in Higher Education in the Pacific (NetWHEP). Report of Meeting of September 28-October 1, 1996. INSTITUTION Network of Women in Higher Education in the Pacific, Suva (Fiji). ISBN ISBN-982-01-0308-8 PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 90p. AVAILABLE FROM Institute of Education, University of the South Pacific, P.O. Box 1168, Suva, Fiji ($10). PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Employment Level; Employment Opportunities; *Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Females; Foreign Countries; *Higher Education; *Labor Force Development; Management Development; Organizations (Groups); Regional Cooperation; *Sex Discrimination; Sex Fairness; Staff Development; Women Administrators; Women Faculty; *Womens Education IDENTIFIERS *Network of Women in Higher Education in Pacific; *Pacific Islands ABSTRACT This report of a meeting of the Network of Women in Higher Education in the Pacific (NetWHEP) contains transcripts of major addresses, a copy of the program, statistics and summary information relating to the status of women in higher education for nine countries, and general information about the NetWHEP organization. Included are: a transcript of the Pacific Charter for Women Managers in Higher Education; a list of NetWHEP's goals and objectives; an interim committee report; two transcripts, one of a welcoming address by Esekia Solofa, and the other a transcript of the opening address by Taufa Vakatale; two keynote addresses, "Towards a Balanced Workforce," by Raewyn Holdsworth, and "A Woman's Place in Higher Education Management," by Konai Helu-Thaman. Also included are nine country papers, many of which contain data tables and charts, from the following nations: the Cook Islands (Ani Piri); Fiji (Elenoa Gonelevu); Kiribati (Teima Onorio); Niue (Janet Tasmania); the Solomon Islands (Nancy D.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis of Children in Kiribati ©United Nations Children’S Fund (UNICEF), Pacific Office, Suva
    Situation Analysis of Children in Kiribati ©United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Pacific Office, Suva December 2017 This report was written by Kirsten Anderson, Ruth Barnes, Awaz Raoof and Carolyn Hamilton, with the assistance of Laura Mertsching, Jorun Arndt, Karin Frode, Safya Benniche and Kristiana Papi. Maurice Dunaiski contributed to the chapters on Health and WASH. Further revision to the Child Protection chapter was done by Shelley Casey. The report was commissioned by UNICEF Pacific, which engaged Coram International, at Coram Children’s Legal Centre, to finalize the Kiribati Situation Analysis. The Situational Analyses were managed by a Steering Committee within UNICEF Pacific and UNICEF EAPRO, whose members included Andrew Colin Parker; Gerda Binder (EAPRO); Iosefo Volau; Laisani Petersen; Lemuel Fyodor Villamar; Maria Carmelita Francois; Settasak Akanimart; Stanley Gwavuya (Vice Chair), Stephanie Kleschnitzki (EAPRO); Uma Palaniappan; Vathinee Jitjaturunt (Chair); and Waqairapoa Tikoisuva. The contents of the report do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF. UNICEF accepts no responsibility for error. Any part of this publication may be freely reproduced with appropriate acknowledgement. Suggested citation. United Nations Children’s Fund, Situation Analysis of Children in Kiribati, UNICEF, Suva, 2017 Cover Image: ©UNICEF/UN0202151/Sokhin Situation Analysis of Children in Kiribati 2 Situation Analysis of Children in Kiribati Table of Contents Executive Summary _______________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • WORLD-GK.Pdf
    WORLD GK Intelligence Agencies of the World Intelligence Agencies Country Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) Pakistan Central Intelligence Agencies (CIA) and United States of America Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti Russia (KGB)/ Glavnoje Razvedyvatel'noje Upravlenije (GRU) MOSSAD Israel Militärischer Nachrichtendienst Switzerland Australian Security and Intelligence Australia Organization Centro Intelligence Interforze (CII) Italy Royal Intelligence Corps Malaysia Mukhbarat Egypt Central External Liaison Department China Military Counterintelligence Service Germany Sazamane Etelaat va Amniate Kechvar Iran (SAVAK) Etterretningstjenesten Norway Naicho Japan Bureau of State Security (BOSS) South Africa Canadian Security Intelligence Service Canada Al Mukbharat Iraq Direction General de Securite Exterieur France (DGSE) Secret Intelligence Service United Kingdom General Intelligence Presidency Saudi Arabia Security and Intelligence Division Singapore Parliaments of different Countries Country Parliament India Sansad (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad Spain Cortes Generales Pakistan National Assembly Nepal Rashtriya Panchayat Israel Knesset Canada Parliament Russia Duma and Federal Council United States of America Congress (House of Representatives and Senate) Germany Bundstag – Upper House Bundesrat – Lower House Maldives Mazlis Bhutan Tshogdu Australia Federal Parliament World GK PDF Denmark Folketing China National People’s Congress Iran Majlis Mynamar Pyithu Hluttaw Japan Diet
    [Show full text]
  • 8 & Ozptg7 7Fitv :In}X 7Ix9t [8Ko 6 & Nvqte< VQ 8N Y9OY 2 Oynwe7 +
    #!- - '&! - !$-!- '&" - * - &%&! -#!- - '&! - - - &- (+- - ),-- %ÙOVNtE7ºWÙºis¶Ù¥tVEWÙ_ÙͯٺÙÓÙ #8NÙ ºiXÙ7ºWÙ07·º®Ù2X?87?Ù3V@7w9Ù,(Ù 7OÙºÙ ÔÙ-ÁÙºiXÙ7ºVÙ !t®tº9Ù(y¯tÙ ÎjÙ8¯VÙºÙ9¯ÂOÙº ÙÎuºV¶·Ù7NÙ·k9¯XÙtÙ»iw·Ù¶ÃFFX¶·Ù &Ù PVQtE7ºYÙºit¶Ù ¸ÄEEV·¶Ù ºÙ ÕÙ¦9®X»¶Ùa®Ù ºjVt¯Ù G¡_tOVHVÙ:NÙ 9¶§u¯8»w¶Ù wÙWÙ 4kw¶Ù w¶Ù7Ù ·7Ù º WÙ »Ù ¯VºÃ¯Ù ºiWÙ j¯Ù A7FÙ ºÙ ÔÁÙ 7OÙ ºÙ ¼j7Ù Ô ÃÙ a®Ù l7ÈwdÙ Ç®ºÃ®XPÙ WÙ i8ÈtdÙ F7®VRÙ a°Ù VÙ i7ÉtdÙ ÈVQÙ VÙ i7ÈtdÙ ¦¯7ÖXOÙ _®Ù XÙ 9QÙ i7ÈtdÙ 7Ï7×·Ù itdkÙ i¨X¶Ùb¯ÙXÙ 1V·ºÙtÙ¨V7EVÙ8NÙBVÙ7¶¹Ã¯VPÙÕÁ®ÙVÒ¨XEº7ºw¶ÙÏvÙ®W8Ù×Ù?V7FÙ`Ù i¨XÙ7OÙ¶º¯VeºiÙ &Ù ÎvÙ9Í9Õ¶Ù?WÙ©®ÅNÙaÙÕÁÙ 2Ù ÖÙÙ ·¡¶Ù .7t¡Ù "@9w Ù 57Ítº: Ù :NÙ )8ºt7º7 Ù 8OÙ ×Ù`8tÔÙ ×ÂÙ8Ù¶º7SÙÐwºiÙ VÙ8NÙ ·m7®VÙÎwºkÙ XÙwÙ»iw¶Ùiî٠`Ù f¯ÖÙ &Ù OZPtG7ºVÙ ºjt¶Ù 7FitVÉVWºÙ ºÙ î٠_;xÕÙ 7¶Ù 9Ù ÍyOÏÙ ¡aÙ ¨ª®ÀÇwºÖÙ c¯Ù d±X8ºV¯Ù :In}XÈVVº¶Ù7iX9TÙÎ9zºzdÙºÙ?XÙ9FJ§¶jVPÙ /;ÖÙÍWÙ8Ù7¶§w®WÙºÙ?¯xdÙºkWÙ?X¶ºÙú٠aÙ [8KoÙaÙƶ٠6Ù ºpXÙ «Y ªXÙ `Ù ¯®7VÙ &Ù NVQtE<ºXÙ ºkw·Ù º¢Ù ×ÇÙ =·Ù =Ù F º®tCûwÙ ºÙ ºiWÙ OWÈY§VºÙ`Ù VQÃG9ºzÙÙºiXÙv·8OÙ9PÙºkVÙ`úïYÙgYY²:»{·Ù9·Ù¼qXÖÙY»Y®ÙºkYÙÑ ®PÙ`ÙVTÇE;ºwÙ7T٠ͯ٠'ºÙ t¶Ù ÍtºiÙ i¨V¶Ù ºi8ºÙ ºiw¶Ù ºiY·w·Ù ÏtÙ E º®tAǺWÙ ºÙ t¬¯¡ÉVÙ wÙ ¶WÙ Í7ÕÙ ºiWÙ 8NÊ9GXWºÙ _٠î٠_ÁºÁ®WÙ dVV®8ºw¸Ù =QÙ V\³h|dÙ Y9OY®·Ù tÙ ºjWÙ 7®]7¶Ù aÙ VPÃF7ºw Ù W8®}dÙ8NÙEúÁ®9ÙOWÉV¬YºÙ 2£Ù ºpVÙ $¤ÈX¯YºÙ aÙ *w¯wC8½tÙ ºit·Ù w·Ù OYNwE7ºYOÙ ºÙ ºiVÙ QXÉX¡©XºÙ _Ù VOÃE7ºuÙ uÙ +t´~D7»wÙ %¾Ùx¶ÙÍtºiÙi¬Y·ÙºlWÙ¨®@V·ÙwS\ºt_tWQÙÏÙ?VÙº8WÙèٶY®|Á·ÖÙ8SÙͯWQ١ٺ¡Ù t¬¯ËVÙ 9QÙ ¨ºØVÙWOÂF7¼7Ù¨¨¡µÁ}¿z^¶Ù W¶­VE9ÓÙ ºÙ 9^¶Ù ®Ç®9Ù w·9U¶Ù ¸¶Ù ¶Lr ¶ Ù8NÙºpXÙÈ8¯uÁ¶Ù¶MkÙ§®ÌtPW¯·ÙxÙ+w®t?>ºwÙ
    [Show full text]