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Minangkabau Historical Traces in the Novel Negeri Perempuan by Wisran Hadi

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Minangkabau Historical Traces in the Novel Negeri Perempuan by Wisran Hadi Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 424 3rd International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2019) Minangkabau Historical Traces in the Novel Negeri Perempuan by Wisran Hadi Silvia Rosa, Sulastri Suria Dewi Fatma Department of Literature, Faculty of Cultural Sciences Magister’s Degree Program, Literary Sciences Andalas University Andalas University Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia Padang, West, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Politics can hide part of the history of civilization, After that, only the Novel Negeri Wanita written by Wisran but literature is unable to silence it. Literature can be a fertile Hadi is the only modern literary work that offers a way to field that fosters history that is drowned out by a tyranny. The understand the Minangkabau past history on the map of power of oral literature in local communities helped confirm the civilization in the archipelago, especially with regard to the 'diamond light' of the history of a community's civilization. The Kingdom of Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. Contrary to the fact sensitivity of the author is needed to record and publish the with literary works that carry local colors related to the history that is folded by the tyranny. The next generation of kingdom in Java, for example done by Shasangka through his Indonesian people needs to know the folded history. The role of tetralogy (2011, 2013, 2015, 2016) and also examined by Dewi literature becomes important in the inheritance of knowledge (2014) related to Roro Mendut; and it is also worth mentioning about the history of Indonesia's civilization past. One of the the results of Supriatin's research (2018) regarding the Bubat unpublished histories of Indonesian civilization is related to the kingdom of Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. The novel of Negeri war in the history of the Sunda and Majapahit kingdoms. The Perempuan written by Wisran Hadi has offered a way to problem is, how do we understand literary works so that the understand the Minangkabau history of the past on the map of historical fold of the Minangkabau ethnic civilization, civilization in the archipelago. The problem is, how do we especially those related to the Pagaruyung kingdom, is understand literary works so that the historical fold of the reasonable and should be understood by all generations in West Minangkabau ethnic civilization becomes reasonable and should Sumatra, and in Indonesia in general, even in the world. be understood by all generations in West Sumatra, and in Literature study with an intertextual perspective can provide Indonesia in general, even in the world. Literary studies that the answer. This article discusses the historical fold of have a perspective on perspective will be able to provide answers. Minangkabau civilization in the novel Negeri Perempuan. This article discusses the Minangkabau historical fold in the Literary texts must be read with regard to other texts that lie novel of Negeri Perempuan. behind them. That is because, as Kristeva (1980) said, no single text is truly independent. That is, the creation and Keywords: history of civilization, intertextual, literature, Negeri reading of texts cannot be done without the existence of other Perempuan texts as a framework or example. Understanding this example or framework is not limited to understanding that the new text I. INTRODUCTION is emulating other texts, but there is a transformation between Politics can hide part of the history of civilization, but the texts. Transformation can be in the form of deviation or literature is unable to silence it. Literature can be a fertile field confirmation. that fosters history that is drowned out by a tyranny. The power Teeuw (1988) states that the deviation or rebellion of oral literature in local communities helped confirm the presupposes something that can be distorted or rebelled, so the 'diamond light' of the history of the drowned civilization. The act of understanding for new texts requires background sensitivity of the author is needed to rewrite the history folded knowledge about the texts that preceded it. Kristeva (1980) by tyranny. The next generation of Indonesian people needs to states that work can be read in relation to or in conflict with know the folded history. Literature plays an important role in other texts, namely in the form of lattices. Through these grids, the inheritance of historical knowledge of past civilizations. a text is read and structured with a view to enabling the reader One of the unpublished histories of Indonesian civilization is to identify its salient features in constructing a structure. related to the kingdom of Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. There is no modern literary work that tries to communicate about the Kristeva (1980) further states that a literary work is a kingdom of Pagaruyung to readers of modern literature. Only struggle of thought with the culture and history of its day. For a local stories in the form of the Minangkabau kaba ever mention literary text is a mosaic built on quotations of other texts in it. the existence of this kingdom, namely the classic kaba titled In line with what was mentioned by Bakhtin as cited in Kaba Cindua Mato. Kristeva (1980) that the text is the absorption and Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 93 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 424 transformation of other texts. As a consequence of this view, a government become a 'curtain of reason' for the author to literary text can only be read through a mosaic of references criticize the current land grab situation that is rife everywhere and the quotations that build it. Crosses between texts delivered nowadays. This can be seen in the following quote 1. through utterances so that they form assimilation in their own “Siapa pula yang berani menyuruh orang-orang itu space and refer to other spaces outside the text. Kristeva states that the analysis of a text that focuses on the transformation of mengukur tanah pusaka miliknya. Belum pernah hal itu terjadi. speeches to the entire text, is no exception also adding from the Setiap apapun yang dibuat di atas tanah itu, orang-orang whole text into social texts and historical nature can be referred selalu minta izin kepada Bundo lebih dulu”. (Hadi, 2018, to as ideology. p.133) "Who would dare to tell those people to measure his II. LITERATURE REVIEW inheritance. Never happened before. Whatever is made on that land, people always ask Bundo for permission first”. (Hadi, Literary work is an artifact, an inanimate object that can 2018, p.133). only be meaningful after concretization by the reader (Teeuw, 1984). The concretization of literary works will open dark The quotation explains that land as one form of high spaces in a literary work. The novel of Negeri Perempuan inheritance in Minangkabau cannot be contested by anyone - presents social ideology and political ideology (Asri, 2013); let alone the local government - except with the permission of brought to life by the main character of a woman who is gentle the heir. While the quotation explains that the Bundo heirloom but firm in her stance and has a strong character in maintaining is measured by a group of people dressed in uniform. Usually, Minangkabau customs (Sani, 2017); and has the theme of the person dressed in this uniform is the reference to the State maintaining the customs and glory of the kingdom of Civil Apparatus (ASN) whose duty is to carry out land Pagaruyung in the past championed by Bundo and Reno measurements to the locations to be built. This activity is figures (Pelita, 2017). However, there are no studies that try to certainly carried out with the permission of the local unpack the historical aspects of the Pagaruyung kingdom's government. This quote is the author's strategy to criticize the civilization in detail, especially related to the past history of the behavior of the government that does not respect the customary Minangkabau ethnic group and its contact with various land rights of people if the government intends to do something civilizations that once colored Minangkabau culture. on people's land. Such phenomena occur in various places, Meanwhile, literature, as stated by Duija (2005), related to oral including in West Sumatra. In the end, it will impact on the texts and traditions has the potential to contain local history. process of compensation for people's land, which instead of This article discusses the potential in that direction. making a profit for the people as the owner of the land, on the contrary, making the people more disadvantaged because the III. METHOD people's land is replaced by a price that makes the people lose, namely at a low price. This research was conducted by applying the intertextual research method to literary works. The object of this research Such patterns are often found in the novel Negeri material is a historical work of literature, namely the novel Perempuan, namely the author uses traditional icons and Negeri Perempuan. The formal object of research is the search symbols to be reinterpreted, even to criticize the social for traces of the Minangkabau ethnic civilization through situation that is happening at a time. In another part the author literary works, especially those contained in the novel Negeri also criticizes the phenomenon of giving gelar adat (customary Perempuan. There are 4 stages carried out in the process of titles) to men in Minangkabau society. Ideally, men who are collecting and analyzing data. The four stages are as follows: 1) given gelar adat by Minangkabau people are urang asa (origin Reading the novel of Negeri Perempuan retroactively; 2) people) who are ethnic Minangkabau, who inherit titles from Identification of historical traces in the novel; 3) Comparison their matrilineal relatives.
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