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Examination of Passenger Assaults
On Bus Transit Systems

FDOT Task Work Order #943-26
University Master Agreement BDV25

FINAL REPORT

December 2015

PREPARED FOR
Florida Department of Transportation
Office of Freight, Logistics and Passenger Operations

Examination of Passenger Assaults
On Bus Transit Systems

Final Report

Funded By:
FDOT Project Manager:
Victor Wiley, Transit Safety Programs Manager

Florida Department of Transportation
605 Suwannee Street, MS-26 Tallahassee, FL 32399-0450

Prepared By:
USF Center for Urban Transportation Research

Lisa Staes, Program Director – Transit Safety and Workforce Development
Jan Davis, Deputy Director – Transportation Finance, Management and Administration
Contributor: Jodi Godfrey, Research Associate

December 2015

  • Final Report
  • i

Disclaimer

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Florida Department of Transportation, in the interest of information exchange. The Florida Department of Transportation assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Florida Department of Transportation.

  • Final Report
  • ii

Technical Documentation Page

  • 1. Report No.
  • 2. Government Accession No.
  • 3. Recipient's Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle:

Examination of Passenger Assaults on Bus Transit Systems

5. Report Date December 2015

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s) Lisa Staes, Jan Davis, Jodi Godfrey
8. Performing Organization Report No. BDV25 Task Work Order #943-26

9. Performing Organization Name and Address National Center for Transit Research
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)
Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida
11. Contract or Grant No. FDOT BDV25-943-26
4202 E Fowler Avenue, CUT 100, Tampa, FL 33620-5375

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Florida Department of Transportation 605 Suwannee Street, MS-30
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Research Report September 2014 – December 2015
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0450
14. Sponsoring Agency Code

N/A

15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract This research provides a status report on the state of the industry and current conditions under which Florida public transportation systems are operating, and the type, severity, and prevalence of passenger assaults on these systems. The project team will review the time of day assaults are most prevalent; type of services on which they occur most frequently (i.e., paratransit, fixed-route, commuter/express route; and location (i.e., on board, transfer locations, bus stops).

The goals of this research effort are to:
1. Identify the prevalence of assaults on bus transit passengers. 2. Identify the time of day within which the assaults are occurring 3. Identify the locations where assaults are occurring (i.e., on board, transfer stations, bus stops) 4. Identify any other environmental factors which may contribute to an increased occurrence of assaults 5. Identify any mitigation measures transit agencies have employed to reduce the incidence rate of these assaults
6. Identify any mitigation measures that may not be currently utilized by Florida’s public transportation agencies that may be deemed relevant and successful in curtailing assaults on transit passengers.

  • 17. Key Words
  • 18. Distribution Statement

public transit, passenger assault, bus driver assaults, bus operator training, transit safety

  • 19. Security Classification (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of
  • 22. Price

Pages

  • Unclassified
  • Unclassified

115

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  • iii

Metric Conversion

SI* Modern Metric Conversion Factors as provided by the Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/aaa/metricp.htm

LENGTH

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meters mm

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0.914 1.61 yd mi
Yards Miles

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  • kilometers
  • km

AREA

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in2 ft2 yd2

WHEN YOU

square inches square feet square yard Acres

MULTIPLY BY

645.2

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square millimeters mm2

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square meters hectares m2 m2 ha
0.836

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LENGTH

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0.039 3.28 inches feet in ft

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AREA

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in2 ft2

  • square millimeters 0.0016
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square feet square yards acres square meters square meters hectares
10.764 1.195 2.47

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*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380.

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Acknowledgements

This research report was prepared by the Center for Urban Transportation Research for the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), Office of Freight, Logistics, and Passenger Operations.

The Research Team would like to express our appreciation to FDOT Project Manager, Victor Wiley for his oversight, management, and support of this research effort. We would also like

to recognize and offer our thanks to the members of Florida’s Transit Safety Network who

provided valuable input in the scoping of this project and review of information and data collected for this research. Finally, we would like to express our appreciation and gratitude to the many public transit agencies that graciously responded to our inquiries and provided input and data for this effort, including:

Broward County Transit (BCT) Charlotte County Transit Division (CCTD) Collier Area Transit (CAT) Gainesville Regional Transit System (RTS) Good Wheels, Inc. Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority (HART) Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) Lakeland Area Mass Transit District (Citrus Connection) Lee County Transit (Lee Tran) Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority, dba, LYNX Manatee County Area Transit (MCAT) Miami Dade Transit (MDT) Palm Beach County Board of County Commissioners (Palm Tran) Pasco County Public Transportation (PCPT) Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority (PSTA) Polk County Transit Services Division (PCTS) Sarasota County Area Transit (SCAT) City of Tallahassee (Star Metro) Transdev (Hardee, Highlands, Okeechobee, and Desoto counties) Volusia County Transit System (VOTRAN)

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Table of Contents

List of Tables .......................................................................................................... viii Acronyms.................................................................................................................ix Executive Summary...................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 – Trends in Passenger Assaults .....................................................................1
Background and Scope.............................................................................................1 Literature Review ....................................................................................................4 Research Process ....................................................................................................4 Assault-related Fatalities and Injuries ........................................................................5 Nationwide & Florida Trends – National Transit Database, 2008-2015 ............................5
Florida Trends – Aggregated Agency Incident Data ...................................................9
Chapter 2 – Florida Transit Agency Procedures and Practices.........................................13
Profiled Florida Transit Agencies – Site Visits and Interviews.......................................13
Broward County Transit, Pompano Beach, FL .........................................................14

Central Florida Regional Transportation Authority, dba, “LYNX,” Orlando, FL ..............16

Charlotte County Transit, Punta Gorda, FL .............................................................18 Collier Area Transit, Naples, FL.............................................................................21 Gainesville Regional Transit System, Gainesville, FL................................................23 Good Wheels, Inc. Fort Myers, FL .........................................................................26 Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority, Tampa, FL .........................................29 Jacksonville Transportation Authority, Jacksonville, FL.............................................32 Lakeland Area Mass Transit District, d.b.a., Citrus Connection, Lakeland, FL ..............36 Lee Tran, Ft. Myers, FL........................................................................................39 Manatee County Area Transit, Bradenton, FL..........................................................42 Miami-Dade Transit, Miami, FL .............................................................................44 Palm Tran, West Palm Beach, FL...........................................................................47 Pasco County Public Transportation, Port Richey, FL................................................50 Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority, St. Petersburg, FL ............................................53 Polk County Transit Services Division, Bartow, FL ...................................................55 Sarasota County Area Transit, Sarasota, FL ...........................................................57 Star Metro, Tallahassee, FL..................................................................................60 Transdev, Sebring, FL .........................................................................................63 Votran, South Daytona, FL...................................................................................65

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Chapter 3 – Summary of Highlighted Practices.............................................................68
Training ...............................................................................................................68 Customer Service..................................................................................................69 Incident Response & Investigations .........................................................................70 Corrective Actions .................................................................................................70 Safety Campaigns .................................................................................................70
Chapter 4 – Conclusions and Recommendations...........................................................72
Conclusions ..........................................................................................................72 Recommendations.................................................................................................73
References ..............................................................................................................74 Appendix A – Literature Review .................................................................................77 Appendix B – Passenger and Operator Incidents & Assaults Transit System Questionnaire.87

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List of Tables

Table 1. Assault-related Fatalities and Injuries, 2008-2015..............................................2 Table 2. Florida Assault-related Fatalities and Injuries, 2008-2015 ...................................2 Table 3. Percentage of Assault-related Fatalities/Injuries.................................................3 Table 4. Percentage of Florida Assault-related Injuries by Category of Injured, Florida Agencies, 2008-2014..................................................................................................3

Table 5. Assault-related Fatalities and Injuries, 2008-2015, All Agencies...........................6 Table 6. Assault-related Fatalities and Injuries, 2008-2015, Florida ..................................6 Table 7. Type of Assault-related Injuries by Location, 2008-2015, All Agencies..................6 Table 8.Type of Assaulted-related injury by Location, 2008-2015, Florida..........................7 Table 9. On-vehicle Assault-related Injuries, 2008-2015, All Agencies ..............................7 Table 10. On-vehicle Assault-related Injuries, 2008-2015, Florida ....................................7 Table 11. Assault-related Injuries by Day of Week & Location, 2008-2015, All Agencies......8 Table 12. Assault-related Injuries by Day of Week & Location, 2008-2015, Florida .............8 Table 13. On-vehicle Assault-related Injuries by Day of Week, 2008-2015 ........................9 Table 14. Conduct-related Incidents, 2013-2015..........................................................10 Table 15. Conduct-related Incidents by Month, 2013-2015............................................10 Table 16. Conduct-related Incidents by Day of Week, 2013-2015...................................11 Table 17. Conduct-related Incidents by Time of Day, 2013-2015....................................12

  • Final Report
  • viii

Acronyms

ADA APTA ATU AVL BCT
Americans with Disabilities Act American Public Transportation Association Amalgamated Transit Union Automatic Vehicle Location Broward County Transit
CAD CAP
Computer Aided Dispatch Corrective Action Plan

  • CAT
  • Collier Area Transit

CBA CBT
Collective Bargaining Agreement Computer Based Training
CCTD CDL CEO
Charlotte County Transit Division

Commercial Driver’s License

Chief Executive Officer

  • CFO
  • Chief Financial Officer

CFRPC CMV CTC CUTR DHS EAP
Central Florida Regional Planning Council Commercial Motor Vehicle Community Transportation Coordinator Center for Urban Transportation Research Department of Homeland Security Employee Assistance Program

  • Executive Summary
  • ES

  • FAC
  • Florida Administrative Code

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Florida Department of Transportation Florida Highway Patrol
FAMU FDOT FHP FON FS
Florida Operation Network Florida Statutes

  • FSU
  • Florida State University

FTA FTE
Federal Transit Administration Full Time Equivalent
FTSN GPS
Florida Transit Safety Network Global Positioning System

  • GM
  • General Manager

HART JSO JTA LAMTD LCB
Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority

Jacksonville Sheriff’s Office

Jacksonville Transportation Authority Lakeland Area Mass Transit District Local Coordinating Board
LEETRAN MCAT MDC MDT MVR NCTR NSC NTD PALM TRAN PBC
Lee County Transit Manatee County Area Transit Miami Dade County Miami Dade Transit Motor Vehicle Records National Center for Transit Research National Safety Council National Transit Database Palm Beach County Surface Transportation Palm Beach County
PCPT PSTA
Pasco County Public Transportation Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority

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  • Public Transit

    Public Transit Tips on How to Use Transportation Options in Florida SafeMobilityFL.com Finding Your Mobility Independence Florida has many public transit options but you may have questions about how to use them or about their safety. Whether you choose to use public transit because of natural age-related changes, economic changes, or simply because you want to, public transportation can help you achieve safe mobility for life. This guide will help you achieve independence through mobility, while staying safe on public transit. public transportation[ noun ] a system of vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used by the public Cambridge English Dictionary 1 Why use transit? Besides providing an alternative to driving, there are many other benefits to using public transit, ranging from financial and environmental, to health and wellness. Some benefits include: f Increased cost savings from not owning and maintaining a car f Further access to important services and activities f Increased physical activity f Reduced congestion f Lower gas consumption and emissions How can transit improve my health? Research has shown that public transit users are more physically active, since they are more likely to walk or bike to and from transit stations and stops. Regular activity and exercise reduces the risk for developing a wide range of chronic health conditions and physical disabilities. Public transit has also shown to reduce stress and improve mental health by providing safe and affordable access to social and recreational activities, allowing riders to stay actively involved in their communities. 2 Planning Your Trip What does it cost? The average transit fare in Florida is about $1.00 per one-way trip.