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ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 6، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1393، ( -191 202 ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨ ﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ 4668- 2008 ( ﻋﻠﻤﻲ- ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ) ) www.entomologicalresearch.ir ﺟﻠﺪ6 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1393، ( -191 202) ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران * ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎر1 ، رﺿﺎ وﻓﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻮﺷﺘﺮي2 ، ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻤﺎﻧﻲ ورﻧﺪي3 -1 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ، ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك -2 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك -3 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ، واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎري ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻓﻮن زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichneumonidae در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1390 ﺗﺎ 1391 ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰ، ﺗﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي، ﺗﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺘﻜﻲ زرد و ﺳﻔﻴﺪ، ﺗﻠﻪ ﻧﻮري و ﺗـﻮر ﺣﺸﺮهﮔﻴﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه 11 ﺟﻨﺲ از 8 زﻳﺮﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮح زﻳـﺮ ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﺮوﻓﺴﻮر ﻣﻬﻤﺖ ﻓﺎروق ﮔﻮرﺑﻮز و دﻛﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﺰ زواﺧﺎﻟﺰ رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن در ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎري و ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي اراك ﻧﮕـﻪ داري ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﺎره ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ : : Anomalon cruentatum (Geoffray,1785) (Anomaloninae) Tromatobia oculatoria (FABRICIUS, 1798)* (Pimplinae) Liotryphon caudatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Pimplinae) Pimpla spuria (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pimplinae) Clistopyga rufator (Holmgren,1856) (Pimplinae) Tryphon atriceps (Stephens, 1835) (Tryphoninae) Syrphoctonus sp. ( Thomson, 1890)*(Diplazontinae) Lissonota clypeator (Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Lissonota fundator (Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Lissonota versicolor (Gravenhorst,1820)* (Banchinae) Collyria coxator (Villers, 1789) (Collyrinae) Mesochorus sp. ( Förster,Archive 1869) (Mesochorinae) of SID Brachycyrtus sp. ( Townes, 1960) (Brachycyrtinae) واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻓﻮن، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران، اﻳﺮان، Lissonota ، Lissonota fundator ، Lissonota clypeator ، Syrphoctonus sp. ،Tromatobia oculatoria . versicolor * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ : [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ (12 /4/ 91) - ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ (91/10/11) www.SID.ir ١٩١ ﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺎت در ﻳ ﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دارﻧﺪ . ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎي راﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎل ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻴﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، اﺛﺮ اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و ارزش اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي داراي اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichneumonoidea ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎل ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻴﺎن ( Hymenoptera ) و زﻳﺮ راﺳﺘﻪ Apocrita ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 2 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Braconidae ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ 40000 ﮔ ﻮﻧﻪ و Ichneumonidae ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ 60000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( Sharkey, 1993; Gauld, 1988 ). ). ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichnueumonidae ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 39 زﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، 1485 ﺟﻨﺲ و 23208 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده را ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ 000/ 60 ذﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ 3000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آن از آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Yu & Horstmann, 1997 ). ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را در ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دارد ( Sime & Brower, 1998 ). زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻛﺜﺮاً زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﻧﻔﺮا دي دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧﺪﻛﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﻴﭙﺮﭘﺎرازﻳﺖ روي اﻓﺮادي از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي (.Braconidae (Hym.), Tachinidae (Dip و دﻳﮕﺮ Ichneumonidae ﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005 ). اﻳﻜﻨﺌﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻻرو و ﺷﻔﻴﺮه ﺣﺸﺮاﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ دﮔﺮدﻳﺴﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ دارﻧﺪ . ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ وﺳﻴﻊ، ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﮔﺮي و ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻮدن زﻣﺎن دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن در اﻓﺮاد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichneumonidae ، آﻧﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ از دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﻴﻒ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺣﺸﺮات و ﺑﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺗﺒ ﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ ( Yu & Horstmann, 1997 ). ). ﺑﺮﺧﻼف ﺑﺎل ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻴﺎن ﻛﻮﭼﻚ، زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي اﻳﻜﻨﺌﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻧﻔﺮادي را ﭘﺎرازﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮاﻛﻮ (ﺪﻨﻳ Braconidae ) و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻤﻲ از اﻳﻜﻨﺌﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺨﻢ و ﻻرو ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . آن ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﺗﺨ ﻢ درون ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ از ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻻروي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را روي ﺑﺪن، داﺧﻞ ﺑﺪن ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ و ﻻروﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎرازﻳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺖ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﺗﻐﺬﻳ ﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ . ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ را در ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻻﻧﻪ ﺳﺎزي، ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺷﻔﻴﺮﮔﻲ، ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ (Askew, & Shaw, 1986) . از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮن ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ در اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺮا ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮن زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichneumonidae در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ . ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Anomalon cruentatum از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Anomaloninae از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ از ﻫﻨﺪ، ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن و و اروﭘﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد (Coruh SID et al ., 2004) . در ofﺳﺎل 2005 ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي Archiveاﻳﻜﻨﺌﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺪه در اﻳﺮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Anomalon amseli ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان از ﻣﺸﻬﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A.cruentatum از اردﺑﻴﻞ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ (Kolarov, 2005) . ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A.foliator ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ زارع ﭘﻮر از ﻳﺰد ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان ﺑﻮد ( (Collyria .( Zarepour, 2009 داراي 8 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺎﻟﺌﺎرﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮرﺑﻮز و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ه اﺳﺖ. از اﻳﺮان ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ C.coxator ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ (Gurbuz et al ., 2008). از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Banchinae ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻨﺲ Lissonota از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ (Coruh et al ., 2010) . ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ L.lineata ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻻرو از ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آن در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (Kolarov, 2005) . 3 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ Tromatobia از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Pimplinae ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮرﺑﻮز www.SID.ir ١٩٢ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ ،6 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1393 (، -191 202 ) از ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ (Gurbuz, 2005). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Syrphoctonus sp از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Diplazontinae از اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارش 5 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ( Giuseppe, 2007)، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در اروﭘﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ Neotropical ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺟﻨﺲ Brachycyrtus از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Brachycyrtinae ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻻرو از ﺑﻠﻐﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ آن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ Holarctic و Neotropical ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻻرو از اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ (Kolarov, 2005). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Mesochorus sp از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Mesochorinae از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺴﻨﺪي ﻳﺰدي ﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ (Masnadi et al ., 2009) . اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻻرواز ﻳﻮﻧﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ (Kolarov, 2007) . ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨ ﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎري و اﻃﺮاف، ﺣﺪودا ﺗﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع 100 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻮر ﺣﺸﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي1 ، ﺗﻠﻪ ﺧﻴﻤﻪ اي2 ، ﺗﻠﻪ ﻧﻮري3 ، ﺗﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺘﻜﻲ زرد و ﺳﻔﻴﺪ4 و ﺗﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي5 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻮزن زدن، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در داﺧﻞ دﺳﻴﻜﺎﺗﻮر ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺮ روي ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺧﺸﻚ ،ﻛﻦ ﺳﻮزن زده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Ichneumonidae ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ﺳﺮ، ﺳﻴﻨﻪ، ﺑﺎل، ﺷﻜﻢ و ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰ و ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ). Archive of SID www.SID.ir ٣ ١٩ ﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera ... ﺷﻜﻞ -1 زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي اﻳﻜﻨﺌﻮﻣﻮﻧﻴﺪ از ﻧﻤﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ : اﻗﺘﺒﺎس ازﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ (Bennett ., 2009) a . ﭘﺮوﻧﻮﺗﻮم b . اﭘﻮﻣﻴﺎ c . ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ d Propleuron . ﻛﺎرﻳﻨﺎي ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ e epicnemial. اﺳﺘﺮﻧﺎﻟﻮس f . ﻧﺎﺧﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ g. ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ h. ﺑﻨﺪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ i. ﺧﺎر ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎي ﻋﻘﺒﻲ k Mesopleural fovea . j . ﮔﻠﻴﻤﺎ l . ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰ در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده m. ﻏﻼف ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰ n . دوﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﺮژﻳﺖ ﺷﻜﻢ o . ﻧﻤﺎي ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﺮژﻳﺖ ﺷﻜﻢ p . اﺳﭙﻴﺮا ﻛﻞ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻢ q . ﭘﺮﭘﻮدﺋﻮم mesopleural suture .r s . ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ Occipital carina .u Notaulus of mesoscutum . t Fig . 1- Ichneumonid wasp, lateral view: a, pronotum; b, epomia; c, propleuron; d, epicnemial carina; e , sternaulus; f, hind tarsal claw; g, fore tibial spur; h, basal segment of hind tarsus; i, hind tibial spur; j, mesopleural fovea; k, glymma; l, ovipositor; m, ovipositor sheaths; n, tergite of metasomal segment two (T2); o, dorsolateral carina of tergite one (T1); p, spiracle of T1; q, propodeum; r, mesopleural suture; s, mesopleuron; t, notaulus of mesoscutum; u, occipital carina. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﺮوﻓﺴﻮر ﻣﻬﻤﺖ ﻓﺎروق ﮔﻮرﺑﻮز از ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ و دﻛﺘﺮ ﻛﻴﺰ زواﺧﺎﻟﺰ از ﻛﺸﻮر ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن در ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎري و ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي اراك ﻧﮕﻪ داري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ SIDﺑﻪ 6 زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ofاز زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ArchiveIchneumonidae از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1390- 1391 ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔ ﺮدﻳﺪ . ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Anomalon (Geoffray,1785 cruentatum از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Anomaloninae ، ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Holmgren,1856) ،Pimpla spuria (Gravenhorst, 1829) Clistopyga rufator و (Liotryphon caudatus (Ratzeburg, 1848 از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Pimplinae ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Villers, 1789) Collyria coxator از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Collyriinae ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Mesochorus sp. (Förster, 1869 از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Mesochorinae و 1 - Sweeping net 2- Malaise trap 3- Light trap 4- Yellow & White trap 5- Windows trap www.SID.ir ١٩ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ ،6 ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1393 (، -191 202 ) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Brachycyrtus sp. (Townes, 1960 از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده( Brachycyrtinae) ﻗﺒﻼ از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ . ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Tryphon atriceps (Stephens, 1835 از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Tryphoninae در اﻳﺮان ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻮﻻرو ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ وﻟﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد (Kolarov, 2006). ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Fabricius, 1798) Tromatobia oculatoria از زﻳ ﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Pimplinae و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ( L.fundator , L.versicolor (Gravenhorst,1820 و Lissonota clypeator از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Banchinae و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Syrphoctonus sp. (Thomson, 1890 از زﻳﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Diplazontinae ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .
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  • Hymenoptera) Faunasi Üzerine Bir Araştirma

    Hymenoptera) Faunasi Üzerine Bir Araştirma

    T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ISPARTA İLİ DAVRAZ DAĞI ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FAUNASI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Onur BİROL Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Faruk GÜRBÜZ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ISPARTA – 2010 TEZ ONAYI Onur BİROL tarafından hazırlanan “Isparta İli Davraz Dağı Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) Faunası Üzerine Bir Araştırma” adlı tez çalışması aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birliği ile Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı’nda YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ olarak kabul edilmiştir. Danışman : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Faruk GÜRBÜZ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Jüri Üyeleri : Doç. Dr. Ali GÖK (Başkan) Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Doç. Dr. Mustafa AVCI Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Faruk GÜRBÜZ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Mustafa KUŞCU Enstitü Müdürü Not: Bu tezde kullanılan özgün ve başka kaynaktan yapılan bildirişlerin, çizelge, şekil ve fotoğrafların kaynak gösterilmeden kullanımı, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunundaki hükümlere tabidir. İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................i ÖZET… ...................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. v TEŞEKKÜR...............................................................................................................
  • Евроазиатский Симпозиум По Перепончатокрылым Насекомым (Iii Симпозиум Стран Снг) (Нижний Новгород, 6 – 12 Сентября 2015 Г.)

    Евроазиатский Симпозиум По Перепончатокрылым Насекомым (Iii Симпозиум Стран Снг) (Нижний Новгород, 6 – 12 Сентября 2015 Г.)

    Российская академия наук Зоологический институт Биолого-почвенный институт Дальневосточного отделения Русское энтомологическое общество Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского Евроазиатский симпозиум по перепончатокрылым насекомым (III симпозиум стран СНГ) (Нижний Новгород, 6 – 12 сентября 2015 г.) Тезисы докладов Symposium on EurasianHymenoptera 2015 Nizhni Novgorod Нижний Новгород Издательство Нижегородского госуниверситета 2015 УДК 595.79 ББК Е691.89 Е 24 Е 24 Евроазиатский симпозиум по перепончатокрылым насекомым (III симпозиум стран СНГ). (Нижний Новгород, 6–12 сентября 2015 г.): тезисы докладов. Н. Новгород: Изд-во Нижегородского госуниверситета, 2015. 233 с. ISBN 978-5-91326-332-2 Редакционная коллегия: В. А. Зрянин (отв. ред.), А. С. Лелей, С. А. Белокобыльский, А. А. Брагазин, С. А. Капралов Издание осуществлено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 15-04-20517-г) Тезисы докладов симпозиума освещают основные направления исследова- ний в области гименоптерологии: морфологию, систематику, палеонтологию, зоогеографию, физиологию, генетику, экологию и этологию перепончатокрылых насекомых. Рассмотрены главнейшие группы: растительноядные, паразитиче- ские и жалоносные перепончатокрылые. Ряд докладов посвящен проблемам апи- терапии и различным аспектам изучения общественных перепончатокрылых. Для специалистов в области энтомологии, экологии, этологии, охраны приро- ды и природопользования, преподавателей и студентов, а также всех любителей природы. ISBN 978-5-91326-332-2 ББК Е691.89 УДК 595.79 © Нижегородский госуниверситет им. Н. И. Лобачевского, 2015 ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ А. С. Лелей председатель оргкомитета, зав. лабораторией энто- мологии Биолого-почвенного института ДВО РАН, профессор, д. б. н. А. П. Веселов сопредседатель, зам. директора Института биоло- гии и биомедицины (ИББМ) Нижегородского госу- дарственного университета им. Н. И. Лобачевского (ННГУ), профессор, д.б.н. В.
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24

    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
  • Hymenoptera) in a Mangrove Area in the Coastal Zone of Tamaulipas, Mexico

    Hymenoptera) in a Mangrove Area in the Coastal Zone of Tamaulipas, Mexico

    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89 (2018): 823 - 835 Ecology Community structure of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in a mangrove area in the coastal zone of Tamaulipas, Mexico Estructura de la comunidad de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) en un área de manglar en la zona costera de Tamaulipas, México Blas Antonio Pérez-Urbina a, Juana María Coronado-Blanco b, Enrique Ruíz-Cancino b, Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera a, Alfonso Correa-Sandoval a, Jorge Víctor Horta-Vega a, * a Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Blvd. Emilio Portes Gil 1301 Pte., 87010 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico b Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Centro Universitario Adolfo López Mateos, 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México *Corresponding author: [email protected] (J.V. Horta-Vega) Received: 17 August 2017; accepted: 02 April 2018 Abstract The structure of Ichneumonidae communities in a mangrove area and 2 nearby locations with different vegetation types are described. The study area is located within the limits of the Nearctic and Neotropical regions in the southern part of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Samples were collected with a Malaise trap at each site over a one-year period. We estimated the potential species richness with the Clench model, the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes and the possible differences among communities at different sites using Permanova multivariate analysis. The relative degrees of influence of space, time, and biogeographical distribution on the community structures of ichneumonid wasps were determined using multiple correspondence analyses. Our results showed that the mangrove area had the highest potential species richness, and that there were significant differences among the 3 ichneumonid communities.
  • Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in North Central Iran

    Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in North Central Iran

    J. Crop Prot. 2013, 2 (3): 241-261 ______________________________________________________ Study on Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in north central Iran Abbas Mohammadi-Khoramabadi1, Ali Asghar Talebi1* and Kees Zwakhals2 1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-336. Tehran, I. R. Iran. 2. Dr. Dreeslaan 204, 4241 CM Arkel, the Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract: The fauna of the subfamily Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the north central parts of Iran was studied during 2010-2011. A total of 933 specimens were collected in 30 localities at different altitudes using Malaise traps. Sixteen species belonging to 7 genera were identified of which twelve species indicated by asterisk, are new records for Iran: Diplazon annulatus (Gravenhorst)*, Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius), D. pectoratorius (Gravenhorst)*, D. tibiatorius (Thunberg)*, Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst), Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst)*, Homotropus pictus (Gravenhorst)*, Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst), Sussaba flavipes (Lucas)*, Sussaba pulchella (Holmgren)*, Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Panzer)*, Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst)*, Tymmophorus obscuripes (Holmgren)*, Woldstedtius biguttatus (Gravenhorst), Woldstedtius citropectoralis (Schmiedeknecht)* and Xestopelta gracilima (Schmiedeknekht)*. Detailed morphological characters and a key to the genera and species are provided. Flight periods and distribution in relation to altitude on two slopes of the Alborz mountains
  • Hamuli the Newsletter of the International Society of Hymenopterists

    Hamuli the Newsletter of the International Society of Hymenopterists

    Hamuli The Newsletter of the International Society of Hymenopterists volume 2, issue 1 20 January 2011 In this issue... Treasurer’s report (Brabant) 1 Figging in South Africa (van Noort) 1 Webmaster’s report (Seltmann) 2 Secretary’s report (Deans) 2 Ideas for ISH membership (Sharanowski) 7 New model for JHR (Woolley) 7 Permits and loans (Austin) 8 Recovery from 7th ICH (Melika) 10 Gall wasp jewelry (Talamas) 11 Gregarious Aleiodes (M. Shaw) 12 White whale wasps (Williams) 13 Dr Michael McLeish and MSc student Frances van der Merwe (University Photoeclector (Talamas) 14 of Stellenbosch) with Dr Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum), from left to right respectively, at Ithala Game Reserve in front of a South Where the wild things are (S. Shaw) 14 African near endemic fig species, Ficus burtt-davyi. Missing wasps and bees (Barthélémy) 16 Digitization in Finland (Sääksjärvi et al.) 17 Figging in KwaZulu-Natal Hidden rainbows (Hansson & Shetsova) 19 By: Simon van Noort, Iziko Museums of Cape Town Collecting bears (Schwarzfeld) 20 Five stings in a day (Starr) 21 A combined Iziko Museums of Cape Town and Univer- Sarawak Hymenoptera survey (Darling) 22 sity of Stellenbosch field trip was conducted in October Lessons from fieldwork (Mayo) 24 2010 to sample fig wasps for cuticular hydrocarbons. The Vapor coating for SEM (Dal Molin et al.) 27 focus of the sampling area centered on north-eastern South Tropical ichneumonids (Sääksjärvi) 28 Africa. Fig species have a tropical distribution and the HAO update and report (HAO team) 30 highest concentration and diversity of South African fig Slam traps in Belize (Broad) 32 species occurs in Kwazulu-Natal, hence the targeting of Scanning specimen drawers (Deans) 33 this region to maximize return on sampling effort.