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Estimating Site Occupancy for Four Threatened Mammals In
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UT Digital Repository The Thesis committee for Andrew Tilker certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Estimating Site Occupancy for Four Threatened Mammals in Southeastern Laos APROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: ____________________________ Timothy Keitt ____________________________ Thomas Gray Estimating Site Occupancy for Four Threatened Mammals in Southeastern Laos by Andrew Tilker, B. S. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Of the University of Texas at Austin In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin August 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Tom Gray, and more generally the WWF—CarBi project, for substantial support over the past three years. The camera trapping data used for this thesis was collected under the CarBi project. Bill Robichaud and Barney Long, colleagues in the Saola Working Group, gave me support at times when I needed it most. Tim Keitt, my adviser at the University of Texas, provided guidance during my time in his lab. Finally, I owe a debt of gratitude to my parents, who have given me constant encouragement to forge my own path and follow it no matter where it may take me. iii Estimating Site Occupancy for Four Threatened Mammals in Southeastern Laos by Andrew Tilker, M. A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2014 SUPERVISOR: Timothy Keitt The tropical forests of Indochina harbor a suite of globally threatened tropical mammal species. These species are difficult to detect, and subsequently understudied. -
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals Lead Assessor Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz Technical Reviewer Md. Kamrul Hasan Chief Technical Reviewer Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Assistants Selina Sultana Md. Ahsanul Islam Farzana Islam Tanvir Ahmed Shovon GIS Analyst Sanjoy Roy Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. -
Reproductive Seasonality in Captive Wild Ruminants: Implications for Biogeographical Adaptation, Photoperiodic Control, and Life History
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Reproductive seasonality in captive wild ruminants: implications for biogeographical adaptation, photoperiodic control, and life history Zerbe, Philipp Abstract: Zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Reproduktionsmuster wurden Daten von 110 Wildwiederkäuer- arten aus Zoos der gemässigten Zone verwendet (dabei wurde die Anzahl Tage, an denen 80% aller Geburten stattfanden, als Geburtenpeak-Breite [BPB] definiert). Diese Muster wurden mit verschiede- nen biologischen Charakteristika verknüpft und mit denen von freilebenden Tieren verglichen. Der Bre- itengrad des natürlichen Verbreitungsgebietes korreliert stark mit dem in Menschenobhut beobachteten BPB. Nur 11% der Spezies wechselten ihr reproduktives Muster zwischen Wildnis und Gefangenschaft, wobei für saisonale Spezies die errechnete Tageslichtlänge zum Zeitpunkt der Konzeption für freilebende und in Menschenobhut gehaltene Populationen gleich war. Reproduktive Saisonalität erklärt zusätzliche Varianzen im Verhältnis von Körpergewicht und Tragzeit, wobei saisonalere Spezies für ihr Körpergewicht eine kürzere Tragzeit aufweisen. Rückschliessend ist festzuhalten, dass Photoperiodik, speziell die abso- lute Tageslichtlänge, genetisch fixierter Auslöser für die Fortpflanzung ist, und dass die Plastizität der Tragzeit unterstützend auf die erfolgreiche Verbreitung der Wiederkäuer in höheren Breitengraden wirkte. A dataset on 110 wild ruminant species kept in captivity in temperate-zone zoos was used to describe their reproductive patterns quantitatively (determining the birth peak breadth BPB as the number of days in which 80% of all births occur); then this pattern was linked to various biological characteristics, and compared with free-ranging animals. Globally, latitude of natural origin highly correlates with BPB observed in captivity, with species being more seasonal originating from higher latitudes. -
Himalayan Serow (Capricornis Thar)
GreyNATIONAL STUDBOOK Himalayan Serow (Capricornis thar) Published as a part of the Central Zoo Authority sponsored project titled “Development and Maintenance of Studbooks for Selected Endangered Species in Indian Zoos” awarded to the Wildlife Institute of India vide sanction order: Central Zoo Authority letter no. 9-2/2012- CZA(NA)/418 dated 7th March 2012] Data Till: March 2016 Published: June 2016 National Studbook of Himalayan Serow (Capricornis thar) Published as a part of the Central Zoo Authority sponsored project titled “Development and maintenance of studbooks for selected endangered species in Indian zoos” Awarded to the Wildlife Institute of India [Sanction Order: Central Zoo Authority letter no. 9-2/2012-CZA(NA)/418 dated 7th March 2012] PROJECT PERSONNEL Junior Research Fellow Ms. Nilofer Begum Project Consultant Anupam Srivastav, Ph.D. Project Investigators Dr. Parag Nigam Shri. P.C. Tyagi, IFS Cover Photo: © Shashank Arya Copyright © WII, Dehradun, and CZA, New Delhi, 2016 This report may be quoted freely but the source must be acknowledged and cited as: Wildlife Institute of India (2016). National Studbook of Himalayan Serow (Capricornis thar), Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi. TR. No.2016/008. Pages 27 For correspondence: Principal Investigator, Studbook Project, Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Dehradun, 248001 Uttarakhand, India Foreword Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation coupled with poaching are limiting the sustained survival of wild populations of several species; increasingly rendering them vulnerable to extinction. For species threatened with extinction in their natural habitats ex-situ conservation offers an opportunity for ensuring their long-term survival. -
Himalayan Serow
Himalayan Serow drishtiias.com/printpdf/himalayan-serow Why in News A Himalayan serow has been sighted for the first time in the Himalayan cold desert region (Spiti, Himachal Pradesh). Key Points Description: Himalayan serow resembles a cross between a goat, a donkey, a cow, and a pig. Physical Features: It’s a medium-sized mammal with a large head, thick neck, short limbs, long, mule-like ears, and a coat of dark hair. Species Type: There are several species of serows, and all of them are found in Asia. The Himalayan serow, or Capricornis sumatraensis thar, is restricted to the Himalayan region. Taxonomically, it is a subspecies of the mainland serow ( Capricornis sumatraensis). Diet: Himalayan serows are herbivores. 1/3 Geographical Location: They are typically found at altitudes between 2,000 metres and 4,000 metres. They are known to be found in eastern, central, and western Himalayas, but not in the Trans Himalayan region. The Trans-Himalayas Mountain Region or Tibet Himalayan Region is located to the north of the Great Himalayas which consists of Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar and Kailash mountain ranges. Latest Sighting: The animal was spotted near Hurling village in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. Spiti lies in the cold mountain desert region of the western Himalaya, and its valley floor has an average elevation of 4,270 metres above sea level, making the sighting special as Serows are generally not found at this altitude. This is the first recorded human sighting of the serow in Himachal Pradesh. The animal has been spotted a few times earlier in the state, but that has always been through camera traps. -
Trophic Resource Use and Partitioning in Multispecies Ungulate Communities
Trophic resource use and partitioning in multispecies ungulate communities Robert Spitzer Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Umeå Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå 2019 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2019:73 Cover: Annual diet composition of deer in Sweden (artworK: R. Spitzer) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-464-8 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-465-5 © 2019 Robert Spitzer, Umeå Print: Original trycKeri, Umeå 2019 Trophic resource use and partitioning in multispecies ungulate communities Abstract Over the past decades, ungulates across the northern hemisphere have been expanding in range and numbers. This has raised concerns about their impacts, particularly on shared resources with humans, e.g., timber trees. Understanding how different ungulate species use trophic resources is therefore a crucial component of managing their populations. In this thesis, I synthesized data from the literature and used faecal DNA metabarcoding to investigate diets and patterns of resource partitioning for ungulate communities in Sweden and at the European scale. I also evaluated the reliability of dung morphometry for identifying ungulate species. I found that species identification of faecal pellets is difficult where similar-sized ungulates coexist which questions the reliability of pellet counts as a monitoring technique in such systems. Dung morphometry could, however, clearly distinguish moose from the smaller deer species. Across Europe, average diets of the four main deer species fit well with predictions by Hofmann’s hypothesis of ruminant feeding types. Red and fallow deer (mixed feeders) showed larger dietary plasticity than moose and roe deer (browsers). -
HIMALAYAN SEROW Photographic Evidence of Capricornis Thar in Lansdowne Forest Division, Uttarakhand, India
# 007 Mammal Tales 21 December 2018 HIMALAYAN SEROW Photographic evidence of Capricornis thar in Lansdowne Forest Division, Uttarakhand, India IUCN Red List: Near Threatened (Duckworth & MacKinnon 2008) Camera trap image of Himalayan Serow in Kotdwar Range, Lansdowne Forest Division, Uttarakhand (WWF-India camera traps) Himalayan Serow Capricornis thar is a Near Threatened Mammalia [Class of Mammals] species under IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and listed as a Schedule-I species under the Wildlife (Protection) Act Cetartiodactyla [Order of even- (1972) of India. Though protected, its population is declining toed ungulates and due to decrease in its habitat, hunting for its meat and loss cetaceans] of forest cover due to clearing for agriculture and collection Bovidae of fuelwood (Green 1987a; Duckworth & MacKinnon 2008). [Family of cloven-hoofed ruminants] Like other mountain ungulates, Himalayan Serow also forms a part of the prey base for carnivores especially leopards. Capricornis thar [Himalayan Serow] Limited work has been done on the distribution, status and ecology of the Himalayan Serow but, its presence has been Species described by Hodgson in 1831 recorded in east and southeast Bangladesh; in Himalayas (Bhutan, northwestern & northeastern India including Sikkim Zoo’s Print Vol. 33 | No. 12 32 # 007 Mammal Tales 21 December 2018 and Nepal), in China (Tibet only), and probably in western Myanmar (Grubb 2005). In India, Himalayan Serow is sparsely distributed throughout the forest covered southern slopes of the Himalaya starting from Jammu and Kashmir in northwest to the hill states of northeastern India (Prater 1965). There are no accurate estimates of the population size of the species available Global Distribution : in India, but their density in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary Native: Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, China and Nepal (Uttarakhand) has been estimated at 1.6 Serow/km² (Duckworth & MacKinnon 2008) (Green 1987a). -
An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals
animals Article An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals Elizabeth Oneita Davis * and Jenny Anne Glikman San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92026, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 15 April 2020 Simple Summary: Although unsustainable wildlife consumption is a leading threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia, there is still a notable lack of research around the issue, particularly into which animals may be “on the horizon” of impending conservation concern. Using semistructured interviews, we investigated the consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, with a focus on the use of wildlife for medicinal purposes. Bear bile was the most popular product, but serow bile was second in popularity and used for similar ailments. In light of these results, and considering the vulnerability of both bear and serow populations in the wild, greater concern needs to be taken to reduce demand for these products, before this demand becomes a significant conservation challenge. Abstract: Unsustainable wildlife trade is a well-publicized area of international concern in Laos. Historically rich in both ethnic and biological diversity, Laos has emerged in recent years as a nexus for cross-border trade in floral and faunal wildlife, including endangered and threatened species. However, there has been little sustained research into the scale and scope of consumption of wildlife by Laos nationals themselves. Here, we conducted 100 semistructured interviews to gain a snapshot of consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, where international and in some cases illegal wildlife trade is known to occur. -
Cytogenetics Study and Characterization of Sumatra Serow, Capricornis Sumatraensis (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) by Classical and FISH Techniques
© 2017 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 82(2): 127–135 Cytogenetics Study and Characterization of Sumatra Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) by Classical and FISH Techniques Sitthisak Jantarat1, Alongklod Tanomtong2*, Isara Patawang3, Somkid Chaiphech4, Sukjai Rattanayuvakorn5 and Krit Phintong6 1 Biology Program, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University (Pattani), Pattanee, Muang 94000, Thailand 2 Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Muang 40002, Thailand 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Muang 50200, Thailand 4 Department of Animal Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya Nakhonsrithammarat Campus, Nakhonsrithammarat, Thungyai 80240, Thailand 5 Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin, Muang 32000, Thailand 6 Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Surin, Muang 32000, Thailand Received April 19, 2016; accepted December 10, 2016 Summary Karyological analysis in the Sumatra serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) from Thailand were conduct- ed. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female serows. After standard whole blood lymphocytes had been cultured at 37°C for 72 h in the presence of colchicine, metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional, GTG-, high-resolution, Ag-NOR banding and fluorescence in situ hybridiza- tion (FISH) were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of C. sumatraensis was 2n=48 and the fundamental number (NF) for both sexes were 60. The types of autosomes were 2 large metacentric, 4 large submetacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 4 small submetacen- tric and 32 small telocentric chromosomes. -
Survey Report-Pilot Study on Musk Deer by Li Xueyou.Pages
Pilot study on musk deer (Moschus spp.) at Langdu, Diqing Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan China: Estimating distribution of musk deer from sign survey and camera trap data! Report to: China Exploration and Research Society (CERS) By: Li Xue-You, PhD Candidate, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science Paul Buzzard, Field Biologist, China Exploration and Research Society (CERS) Executive summary The expense and effort required to estimate true population size is usually prohibitive, but a number of methodologies have been developed to estimate population size and/or relative abundance in wild ungulates. The purpose of this study was to apply two methodologies: camera trap and sign survey on the musk deer population study, to compare the two methodologies for musk deer study, to obtain a better understanding of the distribution and habitat preference of musk deer at Langdu, and evaluate the suitability of the two methodologies for musk deer survey. Nine transects totaling 20.1 km in length were surveyed within forest, grassland and flowstone habitats. A total of 5 camera traps were set. Results showed signs of the animal in the study site were significantly variable between species. It might be a practical measure using sign survey for musk deer distribution study. But it was difficult to estimate the population density for the quantitative relationship between the indirect index and the number of musk deer it represents in a certain period was difficult to establish in the field. Study revealed that there was only one species of musk deer – the Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in the study area. -
Accounting for Intraspecific Variation Transforms Our Understanding of Artiodactyl Social Evolution
ACCOUNTING FOR INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION TRANSFORMS OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ARTIODACTYL SOCIAL EVOLUTION By Monica Irene Miles Loren D. Hayes Hope Klug Associate Professor of UC Foundation Associate Professor of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science (Chair) (Committee Member) Timothy Gaudin UC Foundation Professor of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science (Committee Member) ACCOUNTING FOR INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION TRANSFORMS OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ARTIODACTYL SOCIAL EVOLUTION By Monica Irene Miles A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science: Environmental Science The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee December 2018 ii Copyright © 2018 By Monica Irene Miles All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT A major goal in the study of mammalian social systems has been to explain evolutionary transitions in social traits. Recent comparative analyses have used phylogenetic reconstructions to determine the evolution of social traits but have omitted intraspecific variation in social organization (IVSO) and mating systems (IVMS). This study was designed to summarize the extent of IVSO and IVMS in Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla, and determine the ancestral social organization and mating system for Artiodactyla. Some 82% of artiodactyls showed IVSO, whereas 31% exhibited IVMS; 80% of perissodactyls had variable social organization and only one species showed IVMS. The ancestral population of Artiodactyla was predicted to have variable social organization (84%), rather than solitary or group-living. A clear ancestral mating system for Artiodactyla, however, could not be resolved. These results show that intraspecific variation is common in artiodactyls and perissodactyls, and suggest a variable ancestral social organization for Artiodactyla. -
Kaziranga - Making Way for the Tiger Reserve Tiger the for Way Making - Kaziranga KAZIRANGA - MAKING WAY for the TIGER RESERVE by Pranab Pal
Vol. 36: No. 4 October-December 2009 | Kaziranga - making way for the tiger reserve KAZIRANGA - MAKING WAY FOR THE TIGER RESERVE by Pranab Pal Introduction conservation. With an abundant number of wild herbivores and other endangered species, the ssam’s Kaziranga National Park (KNP) - park management should also direct focus on Athe abode of the Great one-horned species like Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Barking rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) - lies in the deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Hoolock or White- flood plains of the Brahmaputra River. It is browed gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), Common located between latitudes 26º30’N-26º45’N and langur (Presbytis entellus), Assamese macaque longitudes 93º00’E -93º45’E. The average annual (Macaca assamensis), Leopard (Panthera rainfall is 1,320mm and temperatures range pardus), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), etc. | between a maximum 38ºC and minimum 8.9ºC. KNP is famous for its breeding bird fauna and The terrain of this protected area is, by and large, is an important resting and feeding area for flat with an almost imperceptible slope from east migratory birds traveling between the Indian sub- to west and also from north to south. The area continent and their summer grounds in Siberia and in KNP primarily consists of recent composite China. alluvial flood plains. According to the biogeography province (Rodger, et al., 2000), the northeast Significantly, Kaziranga also has a high density Brahmaputra valley cover classification is 9a. Flooding tiger population and is one of the national tiger is an annual phenomenon in KNP and many reserves established in India. The present study animals, especially deer, lose their lives by attempts to assess the significance, adequacy drowning.