Computer Animation for Many of Its Special Effects

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Computer Animation for Many of Its Special Effects

By – MaiTreya PaTni Scholars 2 D Subodh Public School Introduction to Animation What is Animation : Animation is the illusion of motion that is created by displaying a series of images or frames, each one slightly different from the last, over a brief period of time. Difference between Animation and video Video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames. Animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion. History of Animation Pioneers of Animation: Winsor McCay of the United States Emile Cohl and Georges Melies of France. First Animated Feature Film “ Sinking of the Lusitania” in 1918. Evolution In Animation: Development of celluloid around 1913 quickly made animation easier to manage. Animator could make a complex background and foreground and sandwich moving characters in between several other pieces of celluloid. Role of Walt Disney He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiere of “Steamboat Willie” in 1928. In 1937, he produced the first full length animated feature film, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”. Contribution of Computers in Animation A film like “Star Wars” by George Lucas would rely heavily on computer animation for many of its special effects. “Toy Story”, produced by Walt Disney Productions became the first full length feature film animated entirely on computers. Types of Animation Main Types of Animation: Stop motion animation Clay animation Computer animation Stop Motion Animation Stop motion is an animation technique which makes static objects appear to move. It is central to the clay animation technique used on popular children's shows Stop Motion Animation Stop-motion animation, or motion captures simply a way to animate puppets. Stop-motion animation is a very interesting way of producing animation . Clay Animation Clay animation is also considered as a type of stop- motion animation. A form of stop-motion animation that uses actual clay figures which are molded into different positions for each frame. Clay animation is sometimes called 3-D animation because the figures are 3-D on a 3-D set. Clay animation Technique: Roll balls or coils and then flatten them into the forms. Combine the forms and smooth the seams with a craft stick or modeling tool. To keep the background simple. Clay Animation Features In clay animation The best, most widely used tool should be your hands Your hands shape, squish, smooth, flatten, pinch, and poke the clay the best . Computer Animation Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. Computer Animation History: Start at the early 1800s . "TOY STORY", first computer animated feature released in 1995. John Whitney dies (1917-1995) experimental animator and pioneer of computer animator . Computer Animation Techniques: 3D animation (create objects and then render) Mesh Computer painting tools and to paint single frames . Use transitions and other effects like morphing . A render image Computer Animation Application: Engineering problems Multimedia presentations Films Education Architecture Military .

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Animation: Types
Animation: Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today most animations are made with computer generated (CGI). Commonly the effect of animation is achieved by a rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other. Apart from short films, feature films, animated gifs and other media dedicated to the display moving images, animation is also heavily used for video games, motion graphics and special effects. The history of animation started long before the development of cinematography. Humans have probably attempted to depict motion as far back as the Paleolithic period. Shadow play and the magic lantern offered popular shows with moving images as the result of manipulation by hand and/or some minor mechanics Computer animation has become popular since toy story (1995), the first feature-length animated film completely made using this technique. Types: Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one against a painted background by rostrum camera onto motion picture film.
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Available Papers and Transcripts from the Society for Animation Studies (SAS) Annual Conferences
SAS Conference papers Pagina 1 NIAf - Available papers and transcripts from the Society for Animation Studies (SAS) annual conferences 1st SAS conference 1989, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, European Influences on Disney: The Formative Disney 20 N.A. See: Allan, 1991. Published as part of A Reader in Animation United Kingdom) Years Before Snow White Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: "European Influences on Early Disney Feature Films". Kaufman, J.B. (Wichita) Norm Ferguson and the Latin American Films of Disney 8 N.A. In the years 1941-43, Walt Disney and his animation team made three Published as part of A Reader in Animation Walt Disney trips through South America, to get inspiration for their next films. Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. Norm Ferguson, the unit producer for the films, made hundreds of photo's and several people made home video's, thanks to which Kaufman can reconstruct the journey and its complications. The feature films that were made as a result of the trip are Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballero's (1944). Moritz, William (California Walter Ruttmann, Viking Eggeling: Restoring the Aspects of 7 N.A. Hans Richter always claimed he was the first to make absolute Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of the Arts) Esthetics of Early Experimental Animation independent and animations, but he neglected Walther Ruttmann's Opus no. 1 (1921). Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled institutional filmmaking Viking Eggeling had made some attempts as well, that culminated in "Restoring the Aesthetics of Early Abstract the crude Diagonal Symphony in 1923 .
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Photo Journalism, Film and Animation
Syllabus – Photo Journalism, Films and Animation Photo Journalism: Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (e.g., documentary photography, social documentary photography, street photography or celebrity photography) by complying with a rigid ethical framework which demands that the work be both honest and impartial whilst telling the story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the news media, and help communities connect with one other. Photojournalists must be well informed and knowledgeable about events happening right outside their door. They deliver news in a creative format that is not only informative, but also entertaining. Need and importance, Timeliness The images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events. Objectivity The situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone. Narrative The images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to audiences. Like a writer, a photojournalist is a reporter, but he or she must often make decisions instantly and carry photographic equipment, often while exposed to significant obstacles (e.g., physical danger, weather, crowds, physical access). subject of photo picture sources, Photojournalists are able to enjoy a working environment that gets them out from behind a desk and into the world.
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The Uses of Animation 1
The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator.
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Animation 1 Animation
Animation 1 Animation The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these six frames. This animation moves at 10 frames per second. Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of static images and/or objects to create an illusion of movement. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods. This type of presentation is usually accomplished with a camera and a projector or a computer viewing screen which can rapidly cycle through images in a sequence. Animation can be made with either hand rendered art, computer generated imagery, or three-dimensional objects, e.g., puppets or clay figures, or a combination of techniques. The position of each object in any particular image relates to the position of that object in the previous and following images so that the objects each appear to fluidly move independently of one another. The viewing device displays these images in rapid succession, usually 24, 25, or 30 frames per second. Etymology From Latin animātiō, "the act of bringing to life"; from animō ("to animate" or "give life to") and -ātiō ("the act of").[citation needed] History Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon of motion drawing can be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting Five images sequence from a vase found in Iran to convey the perception of motion. A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in Iran in Shahr-i Sokhta has five images of a goat painted along the sides.
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Pre Visit Activity 2
Animation Pre Visit Activity 2. Types of Animation. Basic Types of Animation: 1. • Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera. 2. • Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used to create the animation. • Puppet animation typically involves stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each other in a constructed environment, in contrast to the real-world interaction in model animation. The puppets generally have an armature inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as constraining them to move at particular joints • Clay animation, or Plasticine animation often abbreviated as claymation, uses figures made of clay or a similar malleable material to create stop-motion animation. The figures may have armature or wire frame inside of them, similar to the related puppet animation (below), that can be manipulated in order to pose the figures.
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Ashley Gerst Mobile: 216-773-7321 Email: [email protected]
Ashley Gerst Mobile: 216-773-7321 Email: [email protected] www.ashleygerst.com OBJECTIVE: Ambitious and crafty experimental / character animator seeking a challenging position to enhance and contribute her communicative, organizational, and creative artistic talents. EDUCATION: School of Visual Arts – New York City, NY MFA in Computer Art – 3D Animation (May 2011) Cleveland Institute of Art – Cleveland, OH BFA in T.I.M.E. Digital Arts – 2D and Stop Motion Animation Minors: Photography and Art history (2007) ACADEMIC AWARDS: 2011 - Paula Rhodes Memorial Award - honoring Masters Students who have shown excellence 2002 - Presidential Scholarship Award TECHNICAL ABILITIES: *3D, 2D, and Stop-Motion Animation Techniques *3D Character Modeling with consideration to proper edge flow for character animation vs. object *3D Texturing *3D Rigging: Creation of complex rigs, facial rigs (with driven keys and/or controllers for manageability) *3D Cloth and Hair Dynamics *3D lighting *Adobe Creative Cloud (Premiere, Photoshop, Illustrator, Flash, After Effects) *Autodesk Maya 2008-2014 *3D Studio Max *Mudbox *ZBrush *Blender *Cinema 4D *Final Cut Studio 3 *Nuke *Character Design for Illustration, 2D animation, and 3D animation *Motion Graphics *3D Printing design, modeling, and workflow *eBook publishing *Printing production *Fine Arts Knowledge in painting, color theory, woodworking, metals, fiber arts *Programming Languages: UNIX (tcsh and bash), MEL Script, Action Script 3.0, *Curatorial Capabilities with Film Festivals + Art Galleries WORK EXPERIENCE: Freelance 2D Animator / eBook Publication: Private Client (November 2012 – Present) Responsible for digitizing two published children’s books from printed format to animated eBook formats. Created animations for each of the previously illustrated pages and will be publishing the books as multi- platform animated eBooks for purchase.
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Building Puppets
StopAnimation-07 6/11/06 10:10 PM Page 129 Stop-Motion Chapter 7 Building Puppets think too many people take puppets for granted. Stop and think for a moment about how surreal and amazing the concept of a puppet is. It resembles a person or an animal but has no life of its own. It is simply an inanimate object, a lifeless lump of material. But when a real person manipulates it Isomehow, it brings forth the illusion of life. Puppets have been with us since ancient times, and, for me, they have always been a fascination in one form or another. Having grown up in the late 1970s through the ’80s, Jim Henson’s Muppets were a constant source of entertainment. I vividly remember seeing them on display at the Detroit Institute of Arts in 1981, and seeing live puppet performances from different world traditions there as well. In elemen- tary school, we had a puppeteer who brought his marionette plays to the gymnasium every year, starring a dragon named Applesauce. Since I had toy pup- pets of my own, I knew how they were operated, yet at the same time I believed they were alive. Another obsession of mine from growing up in the ’80s were the animatronic animal rock bands at places like Chuck E. Cheese’s and Showbiz Pizza Place. These also seemed to be alive, but they were not operated by live puppeteers. Instead, they were programmed by a computer synced with audio tapes behind the stage, delivering a performance that had been premeditated to repeat itself.
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Creating Characters for Animation
LESSON 5 Stop-Motion Animation Workshop CREATING CHARACTERS FOR ANIMATION • Appreciate the attention to detail and time require- Introduction ments associated with professional animation This guide will introduce you to the methods and process production; involved in the creation of sturdy clay characters for use in stop-motion animation. You will learn about armatures, • Identify the characters needed for your animated including how to construct them, and view examples of production; animated films that employ them. You will then create and build the characters needed for your stop-motion anima- • Create and build stop-motion animation charac- tion video. ters. Learning Outcomes Simple Sturdy Characters Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Materials Required to Make a Simple Character • Identify methods and parameters for successfully To make your own clay animation characters, here is a list building strong and sturdy stop-motion animation of basic materials you will need: clay characters; • Plasticine in a variety of colours (you can also use • Explain what an armature is and how to construct similar products called Sculpey and Fimo) one; • Sculpting tools • Discuss various examples of animation that contain armatures; Modelling clay that is oil-based is perfect for stop-motion animation characters, as it will not dry out and crack. 1 nfb.ca/stopmo Stop-Motion Animation Workshop LESSON 5 CREATING CHARACTERS FOR ANIMATION To see how sturdy characters are made in NFB workshops, can articulate, usually by means of ball-and-socket joints. Animated Films Using Armatures The Hungry Squid by John Weldon (2002, 14 min 35 s) watch the following video: This allows for the creation of a stronger character that can nfb.ca/film/hungry_squid] be positioned in more complicated poses.
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BASIC ANIMATION CONCEPTS By: Anwar Jesus O
BASIC ANIMATION CONCEPTS by: Anwar Jesus O. Esperida What is animation? • “To animate” means “to give life to”. Animations are created from a sequence of still images. The images are displayed rapidly in succession so that the eye is fooled into perceiving continuous motion. • Animation generally deals with hand drawn images in contrast to motion video which deals with actual photographs of real-world objects taken through a camera, although both uses the concept of displaying a sequence of images one after another to depict motion. History • Animation is a graphic representation of drawings to show movement within those drawings. A series of drawings are linked together and usually photographed by a camera. • The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession (24 frames per second) there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings. History • In 1824, Peter Roget published a paper called “Persistence of Vision With Regard to Moving Objects.” This paper describes the phenomenon that occurs in human vision where an image lingers even after the light from the source has ceased. This phenomenon makes animation possible. • This led to numerous “philosophical” toys during the 19th century. These include the Zoetrope, and the Flipbook. The first animated cartoon (in the traditional sense, i.e. on film) was “Fantasmagorie” by the French director Émile Cohl. Released in 1908. History • One of the very first successful animated cartoons was “Gertie the Dinosaur” by Winsor McCay. It is considered the first example of true character animation. • In the 1930s to 1960s, theatrical cartoons were produced in huge numbers, and usually shown before a feature film in a movie theater.
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Materials and Movement in Stop Motion Animation
MATERIALS AND MOVEMENT IN STOP MOTION ANIMATION Thomas Steven Fyfe Abertay University School of Arts, Media and Computer Games APRIL 2016 Abertay University Declaration Author: Thomas Steven Fyfe Title: Materials and Movement in Stop Motion Animation Qualification sought: BA (Hons) Computer Arts Year: 2016 I. I certify that the above mentioned project is my original work II. I agree that this dissertation may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form and by any means without the prior written consent of the undersigned. Signature ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Date …………………………………………………………………………………………………29/04/2016 ……… i ABSTRACT Stop motion animation first evolved from the visual effects in live action filmmaking. Stopping the camera to move, add or remove something created an illusion that fooled the audience into seeing something possess its own motion. Early animations often considered as performances of visual trickery with an emphasis on movement. Animation has evolved over the last century from its early beginnings as trick films, developing as a central element to live action visual effects in the first few decades of the 20th century and as a form of animation in its own right. Throughout this evolution, stop motion has developed to utilise clay models and complex puppets in addition to everyday objects as a means to tell rich and compelling stories. With the rise of computer generated imagery (CGI), stop motion is no longer used as often for visual effects. However it continues to be explored for its visual qualities and artistic possibilities in feature films and animated shorts and these qualities help to make the case for the longevity of stop motion for years to come.
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Experimental Animation Terms and Techniques
Experimental Animation Terms and Techniques Brickfilm is a film made using Lego, or other similar plastic construction toys. They are usually created with stop motion animation, though CGI, traditional animation, and live action films. Plastic construction toys (or representations of them) are also considered brickfilms. Ex: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q27BfBkRHbs Cutout animation is a type of stop-motion animation produced by moving 2-dimensional pieces of material such as paper or cloth. Examples include Terry Gilliam’s animated sequences from Monty Python’s Flying Circus (UK, 1969–1974); Fantastic Planet (France/Czechoslovakia, 1973) ; Tale of Tales (Russia, 1979), The pilot episode of the TV series (and sometimes in episodes) of South Park (US, 1997). Ex: http://vimeo.com/10072867 Collage animation is a technique using photo collage as snimation. This style is similar to cut out animation. Popular examples include the Monty Python. Ex: http://www.youtube.com/user/MontyPython?blend=2&ob=1#p/u/25/7UY7O8B3npI Drawn on film animation is a technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, for example by Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage. Ex: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGNfNYpfH74 Erasure animation is a technique using tradition 2D medium, photographed over time as the artist manipulates the image. For example, William Kentridge is famous for his charcoal erasure films. Ex: http://vimeo.com/993998 Graphic animation uses non-drawn flat visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings, magazines, etc.) which are sometimes manipulated frame-by-frame to create movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion camera is moved to create on-screen action.
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