DOCSLIB.ORG

BASIC ANIMATION CONCEPTS By: Anwar Jesus O

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BASIC ANIMATION CONCEPTS By: Anwar Jesus O BASIC ANIMATION CONCEPTS by: Anwar Jesus O. Esperida What is animation? • “To animate” means “to give life to”. Animations are created from a sequence of still images. The images are displayed rapidly in succession so that the eye is fooled into perceiving continuous motion. • Animation generally deals with hand drawn images in contrast to motion video which deals with actual photographs of real-world objects taken through a camera, although both uses the concept of displaying a sequence of images one after another to depict motion. History • Animation is a graphic representation of drawings to show movement within those drawings. A series of drawings are linked together and usually photographed by a camera. • The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession (24 frames per second) there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings. History • In 1824, Peter Roget published a paper called “Persistence of Vision With Regard to Moving Objects.” This paper describes the phenomenon that occurs in human vision where an image lingers even after the light from the source has ceased. This phenomenon makes animation possible. • This led to numerous “philosophical” toys during the 19th century. These include the Zoetrope, and the Flipbook. The first animated cartoon (in the traditional sense, i.e. on film) was “Fantasmagorie” by the French director Émile Cohl. Released in 1908. History • One of the very first successful animated cartoons was “Gertie the Dinosaur” by Winsor McCay. It is considered the first example of true character animation. • In the 1930s to 1960s, theatrical cartoons were produced in huge numbers, and usually shown before a feature film in a movie theater. MGM, Disney and Warner Brothers were the largest studios producing these 5 to 10- minute “shorts”. • Competition from television drew audiences away from movie theaters in the late 1950s, and the theatrical cartoon began its decline. History • Today, animated cartoons are produced mostly for television, however with the advent of personal computers and the accessibility of the internet and easy animation software such as Flash, it has now become possible for the average person to create animations allowing many novice animators to feature their cartoons online. How animation Works • In the traditional animation process, animators will begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets of paper often using colored pencils, one picture or “frame” at a time. • A key animator or lead animator will draw the key drawings (“key” in the sense of “important”) in a scene, using the character layouts as a guide. • The key animator draws enough of the frames to get across the major points of the action; in a sequence of a character jumping across a gap, the key animator may draw a frame of the character as he is about to leap, two or more frames as the character is flying through the air, and the frame for the character landing on the other side of the gap. How animation Works • Once the key animation is approved, the lead animator forwards the scene on to the clean-up department, made up of the clean- up animators and the inbetweeners. The clean-up animators take the lead and assistant animators’ drawings and trace them onto a new sheet of paper, taking care in including all of the details present on the original model sheets, so that it appears that one person animated the entire film. • The inbetweeners will draw in whatever frames are still missing in between the other animators’ drawings. This procedure is called tweening. Animation and Frame Rates • Virtually all visual animation media uses frames—a series of still images shown very rapidly to simulate motion or change. Anything you see on a computer, television, or movie screen is based on frames. • This goes back to the earliest days of cartoon animation, where the individual pictures were drawn on sheets of cellophane and became known as cels, and the earliest motion pictures, where a similar technique was used with multiple photographs. Animation and Frame Rates •TV video builds 30 entire frames or pictures every second. Movies are shot at a shutter rate of 24 frames per second, but using projections tricks the flicker is increased to 48. • On some projectors each frame is shown 3 times before the next frame, for a total of 72 flickers per second which helps eliminate the flicker effect. Types of Animation •There are many different types of animation that are used nowadays. The main types are clay animation, computer animation, cel- shaded animation and regular animation. Clay Animation • Clay animation is not really a new technique as many people might think. Clay animation began shortly after plasticine (a clay- like substance) was invented in 1897, and one of the first films to use it was made in 1902. • The invention of Gumby was a big step in the history of clay animation. Now, clay animation has become more popular and easier to do. • Later on, more clay animation films were made, such as the Wallace and Gromit series of movies, the advertisements that were made for the California Raisin Advisory Board and the Celebrity Deathmatch series. “Gumby” "Celebrity Deathmatch" Computer Animation • Computer animation has also become common. Computer animation began about 40 years ago when the first computer drawing system was created by General Motors and IBM. • It allowed the user to view a 3D model of a car and change the angles and rotation. • Movies that used computer animation are: The Abyss, Jurassic Park, Forrest Gump, and more. Also, computer animation was used differently, as in the show 'South Park', which used stop motion cutout animation; recently it uses computer animation. Computer Animation •A well-known computer animation company is Pixar. They are responsible for making Toy Story, A Bug's Life, Monsters Inc., Finding Nemo, and more. Also, video games have used computer animation as well. Cel-Shaded Animation • Cel-shaded animation is makes computer graphics appear to be hand- drawn. This type of animation is most commonly turning up in console video games. • Most of the time the cel-shading process starts with a typical 3D model. The difference occurs when a cel-shaded object is drawn on-screen. • The rendering engine only selects a few shades of each color for the object, making it look flat. Regular Animation • Animation began with Winsor McCay. He did his animations all by himself, and it took him a long time (about a year for a five minute cartoon). • But for some, it was ridiculous that they would have to wait so much for so little. Then the modern animation studio came to be. • Years later, more people would invent more cartoon characters. Otto Messmer invented the character 'Felix the Cat’. • Later on, the Walt Disney Studio created 'Steamboat Willie', which introduced the character Mickey Mouse. • Other companies started to make their own cartoons; some of which we can still watch today. Real time animation •an animation is real time if a computer is computing and displaying the animation at the same speed as it is designed to be seen Typically only simple animations can be displayed in real time. Keyframe animation •a technique for producing animations whereby important positions, sizes and orientations of objects at particular points in time are identified and everything else in-between is filled in by interpolation. Character animation •animation focused on the display of expressions, emotions and behaviors normally associated with intelligent life forms. Motion path animation •a technique where objects or cameras move along a path. Hierarchical animation •animation of hierarchical objects. Shape animation •there are various forms but the most well known is morphing where one shape changes into another shape. Procedural animation •animations typically require considerable data in their production. Procedural animation aims to compute animation data rather than have an animator specify it. Simulation •may be characterised as scientific animation. Typically simulations will be using data computed from the laws of physics. Camera animation •typified by architectural walkthroughs. In its pure form the only thing which moves is the camera. Animation Techniques •Animation is the process by which we see still pictures MOVE. •Each picture is shot on film one at a time and is shown at the rate of 24 pictures per second making the pictures appear to move. Why do we see these images as moving? •The reason our eyes are tricked into seeing movement can be explained by the ‘Persistence of Vision’ theory. The persistence of vision theory: • Our brain holds onto an image for a fraction of a second after the image has passed. If the eye sees a series of still images very quickly one picture after another, then the images will appear to move because our eyes cannot cope with fastmoving images - our eyes have been tricked into thinking they have seen movement. The Moving Hand Theory: • You can do this by waving your hand in front of your eyes very fast. You will seem to see several hands at once. • Try doing this in front of a television screen when it is switched on. You will see even more images of your hand because the television is actually flickering. • By waving your hand in front of it you make your eyes very confused about what they are actually seeing. Basic techniques used in animation • 1. Drawn Animation. • 2. Cutout Animation. • 3. Model Animation. • 4. Computer Animation. Drawn Animation: • This covers any form where another replaces one drawing in a sequence. Each drawing is slightly different from the one before. It works the way a flipbook does. • These animated films are made up of thousands of drawings which are shown on screen very quickly one after the other.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Animation: Types
    Animation: Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today most animations are made with computer generated (CGI). Commonly the effect of animation is achieved by a rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other. Apart from short films, feature films, animated gifs and other media dedicated to the display moving images, animation is also heavily used for video games, motion graphics and special effects. The history of animation started long before the development of cinematography. Humans have probably attempted to depict motion as far back as the Paleolithic period. Shadow play and the magic lantern offered popular shows with moving images as the result of manipulation by hand and/or some minor mechanics Computer animation has become popular since toy story (1995), the first feature-length animated film completely made using this technique. Types: Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one against a painted background by rostrum camera onto motion picture film.
    [Show full text]
  • Available Papers and Transcripts from the Society for Animation Studies (SAS) Annual Conferences
    SAS Conference papers Pagina 1 NIAf - Available papers and transcripts from the Society for Animation Studies (SAS) annual conferences 1st SAS conference 1989, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, European Influences on Disney: The Formative Disney 20 N.A. See: Allan, 1991. Published as part of A Reader in Animation United Kingdom) Years Before Snow White Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: "European Influences on Early Disney Feature Films". Kaufman, J.B. (Wichita) Norm Ferguson and the Latin American Films of Disney 8 N.A. In the years 1941-43, Walt Disney and his animation team made three Published as part of A Reader in Animation Walt Disney trips through South America, to get inspiration for their next films. Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. Norm Ferguson, the unit producer for the films, made hundreds of photo's and several people made home video's, thanks to which Kaufman can reconstruct the journey and its complications. The feature films that were made as a result of the trip are Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballero's (1944). Moritz, William (California Walter Ruttmann, Viking Eggeling: Restoring the Aspects of 7 N.A. Hans Richter always claimed he was the first to make absolute Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of the Arts) Esthetics of Early Experimental Animation independent and animations, but he neglected Walther Ruttmann's Opus no. 1 (1921). Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled institutional filmmaking Viking Eggeling had made some attempts as well, that culminated in "Restoring the Aesthetics of Early Abstract the crude Diagonal Symphony in 1923 .
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of History of Irish Animation
    Overview of History of Irish Animation i) The history of animation here and the pattern of its development, ii) ii) The contemporary scene, iii) iii) Funding and support, iv) iv) The technological advancement, which can allow filmmakers do more and do it more excitingly, v) v) The educational background. i) History and Development. The history of animation in Ireland is comparable to the history of live action film in Ireland in that in the early years it offered the promise of much to come and stopped really before it got started; indeed in the final analysis animation has even far less to show for itself than its early live action cousin. One outstanding exception is the pioneering work of James Horgan. Horgan became involved in cinema at the end of the 19th century when he acquired a Lumiere camera and established his own moving picture exhibition company for the south show to his audiences - mostly religious events. However soon his eager mind began to turn to the Munster region. As well as projecting regular international shows, Horgan shot local footage to look into cinematography in a scientific way and in fact he made some money by patenting a cog for film traction in the camera, which was widely used. He also experimented with Polaroid film. He then began to dabble in stop frame work - animation - around the year 1909 and considering that the first animation was made in 1906, this is quite significant. His most famous and most popular piece was his dancing Youghal Clock Tower - where the town's best known landmark has to hop into the frame and "manipulate" itself frame by frame into its rightful place in the main street in Youghal.
    [Show full text]
  • Photo Journalism, Film and Animation
    Syllabus – Photo Journalism, Films and Animation Photo Journalism: Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (e.g., documentary photography, social documentary photography, street photography or celebrity photography) by complying with a rigid ethical framework which demands that the work be both honest and impartial whilst telling the story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the news media, and help communities connect with one other. Photojournalists must be well informed and knowledgeable about events happening right outside their door. They deliver news in a creative format that is not only informative, but also entertaining. Need and importance, Timeliness The images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events. Objectivity The situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone. Narrative The images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to audiences. Like a writer, a photojournalist is a reporter, but he or she must often make decisions instantly and carry photographic equipment, often while exposed to significant obstacles (e.g., physical danger, weather, crowds, physical access). subject of photo picture sources, Photojournalists are able to enjoy a working environment that gets them out from behind a desk and into the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Looking at Cartoons
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LOOKING AT CARTOONS: THE ART, LABOR, AND TECHNOLOGY OF AMERICAN CEL ANIMATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CINEMA AND MEDIA STUDIES BY HANNAH MAITLAND FRANK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2016 FOR MY FAMILY IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER Apparently he had examined them patiently picture by picture and imagined that they would be screened in the same way, failing at that time to grasp the principle of the cinematograph. —Flann O’Brien CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................................v ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................................viii INTRODUCTION LOOKING AT LABOR......................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 ANIMATION AND MONTAGE; or, Photographic Records of Documents...................................................22 CHAPTER 2 A VIEW OF THE WORLD Toward a Photographic Theory of Cel Animation ...................................72 CHAPTER 3 PARS PRO TOTO Character Animation and the Work of the Anonymous Artist................121 CHAPTER 4 THE MULTIPLICATION OF TRACES Xerographic Reproduction and One Hundred and One Dalmatians.......174
    [Show full text]
  • The Uses of Animation 1
    The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers Guide
    Teachers Guide Exhibit partially funded by: and 2006 Cartoon Network. All rights reserved. TEACHERS GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE 3 EXHIBIT OVERVIEW 4 CORRELATION TO EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS 9 EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS CHARTS 11 EXHIBIT EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES 13 BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR TEACHERS 15 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 23 CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES • BUILD YOUR OWN ZOETROPE 26 • PLAN OF ACTION 33 • SEEING SPOTS 36 • FOOLING THE BRAIN 43 ACTIVE LEARNING LOG • WITH ANSWERS 51 • WITHOUT ANSWERS 55 GLOSSARY 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 This guide was developed at OMSI in conjunction with Animation, an OMSI exhibit. 2006 Oregon Museum of Science and Industry Animation was developed by the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry in collaboration with Cartoon Network and partially funded by The Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. and 2006 Cartoon Network. All rights reserved. Animation Teachers Guide 2 © OMSI 2006 HOW TO USE THIS TEACHER’S GUIDE The Teacher’s Guide to Animation has been written for teachers bringing students to see the Animation exhibit. These materials have been developed as a resource for the educator to use in the classroom before and after the museum visit, and to enhance the visit itself. There is background information, several classroom activities, and the Active Learning Log – an open-ended worksheet students can fill out while exploring the exhibit. Animation web site: The exhibit website, www.omsi.edu/visit/featured/animationsite/index.cfm, features the Animation Teacher’s Guide, online activities, and additional resources. Animation Teachers Guide 3 © OMSI 2006 EXHIBIT OVERVIEW Animation is a 6,000 square-foot, highly interactive traveling exhibition that brings together art, math, science and technology by exploring the exciting world of animation.
    [Show full text]
  • Animation 1 Animation
    Animation 1 Animation The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these six frames. This animation moves at 10 frames per second. Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of static images and/or objects to create an illusion of movement. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods. This type of presentation is usually accomplished with a camera and a projector or a computer viewing screen which can rapidly cycle through images in a sequence. Animation can be made with either hand rendered art, computer generated imagery, or three-dimensional objects, e.g., puppets or clay figures, or a combination of techniques. The position of each object in any particular image relates to the position of that object in the previous and following images so that the objects each appear to fluidly move independently of one another. The viewing device displays these images in rapid succession, usually 24, 25, or 30 frames per second. Etymology From Latin animātiō, "the act of bringing to life"; from animō ("to animate" or "give life to") and -ātiō ("the act of").[citation needed] History Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon of motion drawing can be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting Five images sequence from a vase found in Iran to convey the perception of motion. A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in Iran in Shahr-i Sokhta has five images of a goat painted along the sides.
    [Show full text]
  • 2D Animation Software You’Ll Ever Need
    The 5 Types of Animation – A Beginner’s Guide What Is This Guide About? The purpose of this guide is to, well, guide you through the intricacies of becoming an animator. This guide is not about leaning how to animate, but only to breakdown the five different types (or genres) of animation available to you, and what you’ll need to start animating. Best software, best schools, and more. Styles covered: 1. Traditional animation 2. 2D Vector based animation 3. 3D computer animation 4. Motion graphics 5. Stop motion I hope that reading this will push you to take the first step in pursuing your dream of making animation. No more excuses. All you need to know is right here. Traditional Animator (2D, Cel, Hand Drawn) Traditional animation, sometimes referred to as cel animation, is one of the older forms of animation, in it the animator draws every frame to create the animation sequence. Just like they used to do in the old days of Disney. If you’ve ever had one of those flip-books when you were a kid, you’ll know what I mean. Sequential drawings screened quickly one after another create the illusion of movement. “There’s always room out there for the hand-drawn image. I personally like the imperfection of hand drawing as opposed to the slick look of computer animation.”Matt Groening About Traditional Animation In traditional animation, animators will draw images on a transparent piece of paper fitted on a peg using a colored pencil, one frame at the time. Animators will usually do test animations with very rough characters to see how many frames they would need to draw for the action to be properly perceived.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre Visit Activity 2
    Animation Pre Visit Activity 2. Types of Animation. Basic Types of Animation: 1. • Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation) was the process used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, which are first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels, which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on the side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera. 2. • Stop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used to create the animation. • Puppet animation typically involves stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each other in a constructed environment, in contrast to the real-world interaction in model animation. The puppets generally have an armature inside of them to keep them still and steady as well as constraining them to move at particular joints • Clay animation, or Plasticine animation often abbreviated as claymation, uses figures made of clay or a similar malleable material to create stop-motion animation. The figures may have armature or wire frame inside of them, similar to the related puppet animation (below), that can be manipulated in order to pose the figures.
    [Show full text]
  • Ashley Gerst Mobile: 216-773-7321 Email: [email protected]
    Ashley Gerst Mobile: 216-773-7321 Email: [email protected] www.ashleygerst.com OBJECTIVE: Ambitious and crafty experimental / character animator seeking a challenging position to enhance and contribute her communicative, organizational, and creative artistic talents. EDUCATION: School of Visual Arts – New York City, NY MFA in Computer Art – 3D Animation (May 2011) Cleveland Institute of Art – Cleveland, OH BFA in T.I.M.E. Digital Arts – 2D and Stop Motion Animation Minors: Photography and Art history (2007) ACADEMIC AWARDS: 2011 - Paula Rhodes Memorial Award - honoring Masters Students who have shown excellence 2002 - Presidential Scholarship Award TECHNICAL ABILITIES: *3D, 2D, and Stop-Motion Animation Techniques *3D Character Modeling with consideration to proper edge flow for character animation vs. object *3D Texturing *3D Rigging: Creation of complex rigs, facial rigs (with driven keys and/or controllers for manageability) *3D Cloth and Hair Dynamics *3D lighting *Adobe Creative Cloud (Premiere, Photoshop, Illustrator, Flash, After Effects) *Autodesk Maya 2008-2014 *3D Studio Max *Mudbox *ZBrush *Blender *Cinema 4D *Final Cut Studio 3 *Nuke *Character Design for Illustration, 2D animation, and 3D animation *Motion Graphics *3D Printing design, modeling, and workflow *eBook publishing *Printing production *Fine Arts Knowledge in painting, color theory, woodworking, metals, fiber arts *Programming Languages: UNIX (tcsh and bash), MEL Script, Action Script 3.0, *Curatorial Capabilities with Film Festivals + Art Galleries WORK EXPERIENCE: Freelance 2D Animator / eBook Publication: Private Client (November 2012 – Present) Responsible for digitizing two published children’s books from printed format to animated eBook formats. Created animations for each of the previously illustrated pages and will be publishing the books as multi- platform animated eBooks for purchase.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Animation for Many of Its Special Effects
    By – MaiTreya PaTni Scholars 2 D Subodh Public School Introduction to Animation What is Animation : Animation is the illusion of motion that is created by displaying a series of images or frames, each one slightly different from the last, over a brief period of time. Difference between Animation and video Video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames. Animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion. History of Animation Pioneers of Animation: Winsor McCay of the United States Emile Cohl and Georges Melies of France. First Animated Feature Film “ Sinking of the Lusitania” in 1918. Evolution In Animation: Development of celluloid around 1913 quickly made animation easier to manage. Animator could make a complex background and foreground and sandwich moving characters in between several other pieces of celluloid. Role of Walt Disney He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiere of “Steamboat Willie” in 1928. In 1937, he produced the first full length animated feature film, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”. Contribution of Computers in Animation A film like “Star Wars” by George Lucas would rely heavily on computer animation for many of its special effects. “Toy Story”, produced by Walt Disney Productions became the first full length feature film animated entirely on computers. Types of Animation Main Types of Animation: Stop motion animation Clay animation Computer animation Stop Motion Animation Stop motion is an animation technique which makes static objects appear to move. It is central to the clay animation technique used on popular children's shows Stop Motion Animation Stop-motion animation, or motion captures simply a way to animate puppets.
    [Show full text]