9/22/2021 History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate- FlexiPrep
FlexiPrep History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)
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Architecture of Delhi Sultanate
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New architectural forms and styles were introduced in the medieval period.
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Use of arch and dome was the major addition.
The true arch was made from stone and bricks, that need to be laid as voussoirs shape of a curve and bound together.
In the 14th century, the four-centred arch was introduced by Tughlaq.
Features of Sultanate Architecture Tughlaq used richly carved capitals, columns and shafts.
Stones were used.
Gypsum was used for plastering works.
Lime plaster was used against water leakage in roofs, canals and drains.
Later gypsum mortar became popular in the construction works.
Sultanate Period Quwwatul Islam mosque (1198) , Qutab Minar (1199 – 1235) , Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra (1200) and Iltutmish՚s tomb were some of the specimens of Indo- Islamic architecture. These monuments represent the development of dome and true arch.
The Alai Darwaza in the Qutub complex (1305) and the Jamat Khana Masjid at Nizamuddin (1325) constructed during Khalji period.
The Seljuk architectural tradition influenced in the Khalji architecture.
Some of the Features of the New Khalji Architecture Were Use of true arch
The emergence of the true dome
Use of red sand stone
Decorative marble
The emergence of lotus bud fringe
Architectural Styles of Tughlaq Use of stone rubbles
Hammering of walls and bastions.
Four centred arches were introduced.
The emergence of the pointed dome and octagonal plan of tomb building was the major feature of the Tughlaq style.
A batter of the sloping wall for the strength of the wall.
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Architecture of Sur Dynasty Divided into different period:
The first period represents buildings at Sasaram
The second period represents buildings at Purana Qila
The third period showed the flatness in the curve towards the crown.
Regional Variations Two schools of Eastern India: Schools in Bengal and Jaunpur
Features of Bengal School Introduced ‘drop arch’
Method of raising the roof with arched bays.
Transition from constructing bamboo houses to brick structures.
Features of Jaunpur School Constructed mosques in numerous number
Close resemblance to Tughlaq style.
The use of arch and beam was a notable feature.
Western India witnessed changes from the 14th-15th century.
In the earlier art forms, materials from demolished temples were used on a larger scale. While the new style copied the architectural feature of temples for construction of mosques.
Deccan Bahmani kingdom created a very different style.
Deccan style was the fusion of Tughlaq style and Iranian style.
The architectural styles of the Deccan depend on the shifting of the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar and to Golconda. In the first phase, in Gulbarga, the architecture was the imitation of the Tughlaq style. In the second phase, there was an adaptation of Iranian style with the use of coloured tiles, mural paintings and change in the shape of Dome.
Regional art developed during the Vijayanagara period also. The main feature of this style was the use of pillars for architectural and decorative aspects. During the Tuluva period, the architecture used the sculptures of mythical stories and narratives.
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