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Qutb Minar: Religion and Power in 13Th-Century India Professor Munis Faruqui (Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, UC Berkeley)
The Making of a Modern Myth Qutb Minar: Religion and Power in 13th-Century India Professor Munis Faruqui (Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies, UC Berkeley) I. Introduction India is the world’s largest democracy, and has the world’s second largest population of Muslims. Over the last few decades, deep religious divisions have appeared between the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority, who comprise 12–15 percent of the population. Extremists in either community have stoked violent religious conflict in ways that will be discussed shortly. Most of the violence in recent history has occurred in the form of pogroms. Most of the victims are Muslims. There are at least two critical threads that link contemporary anti-Muslim violence: first, a rising tide of Hindu nationalism. Second, much of the violence has been continuously stoked by rhetoricians’ use of an exaggerated and distorted history of endless conflict between these two groups—especially during the period when Muslim political authorities dominated northern India (c. 1200–1750). According to Hindu nationalists, the experience under the Muslims was oppressive, the Muslim rulers tyrannical, Hindu temples were destroyed, and so on. So the current anti- Muslim pogroms are payback, as the more extreme elements among the Hindu nationalists openly assert: attacking Muslims today is thus justified for what happened 500, 600, or 700 years ago. Like many groups elsewhere in the world, Hindu nationalists invoke history. Irish Republicanism invokes battles that happened in 1690 and so on. Groups in the Balkans are another example: Serbs, Croats, and Bosniacs have their own histories, and the 1389 battle of Kosovo becomes a central rallying cry for Serbian nationalism. -
Mystical India
Exclusive Duke departure – November 5-23, 2019 WITH PUSHKAR CAMEL FAIR AND MYSTICAL INDIA RANTHAMBORE TIGER PRESERVE 19 days from $5,687 total price from Boston, New York, Wash, DC ($4,795 air & land inclusive plus $892 airline taxes and fees) ystical and spiritual, chaotic and Mconfounding, India overflows with riches. While staying at excellent hotels, we travel the classic Golden Triangle: bustling Delhi; Agra, home of the sublime Taj Mahal; and Jaipur, great city of the Rajput. We also search for elusive Bengals at Ranthambore Tiger Preserve, and absorb the holiness of Varanasi. NEPAL Delhi Kathmandu/ Nagarkot Agra Jaipur Varanasi Kalakho Ranthambore National Park INDIA Arabian Sea Destination Air Indian Ocean Motorcoach Extension (air) Entry/Departure On Day 12 we visit the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO site considered one of the world’s most beautiful buildings. Avg. High (°F) Nov Dec Delhi 82 73 Day 1: Depart U.S. for Delhi, India to Ajmer. We continue by motorcoach to Pushkar Agra 85 75 and our deluxe resort. Late afternoon we gather for Day 2: Arrive Delhi We arrive in India’s hyperactive a camel cart ride and orientation tour of the Push- capital late evening and transfer to our hotel. kar Camel Fair, where Indians come from near and Your Small Group Tour Highlights far for this part bazaar and trade fair, part religious Tours of Old and New Delhi • Pushkar Camel Fair • Home- Day 3: Delhi After a morning at leisure followed pilgrimage. We return to our resort for dinner to- hosted dinner with Jaipur family • Magnificent Taj Mahal by a briefing about the journey ahead, we set out to gether tonight. -
I. Mehrauli 1
List of Masjids in Delhi which was built by destroying Hindu temples LIST OF HINDU TEMPLES DESTROYED AND CONVERTED TO MOSQUES IN DELHI BY MUSLIMS We give below, state-wise and district-wise, the particulars of Muslim monuments which stand on the sites and/or have been built with the materials of Hindu temples, and which we wish to recall as witnesses to the role of Islam as a religion and the character of Muslim rule in medieval India. The list is the result of a preliminary survey. Many more Muslim monuments await examination. Local traditions which have so far been ignored or neglected have to be tapped on a large scale. We have tried our best to be exact in respect of locations, names and dates of the monuments mentioned. Even so, some mistakes and confusions may have remained. It is not unoften that different sources provide different dates and names for the same monument. Many Muslim saints are known by several names, which create confusion in identifying their mazars or dargahs. Some districts have been renamed or newly, created and a place which was earlier under one district may have been included in another. We shall be grateful to readers who point out these mistakes so that they can be corrected in our major study. This is only a brief summary. Sita Ram Goel It should be kept in mind that the list below doesn’t include all the temples destroyed by Muslims and which were converted to mosques. The below is the list of mosques and Darghas where evidences exists of having been made after destroying the temples at these locations. -
International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage
Abstract Volume: International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Abstract Volume: Intenational Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage 21th - 23rd August 2013 Sri Lanka Foundation, Colombo, Sri Lanka Editor Anura Manatunga Editorial Board Nilanthi Bandara Melathi Saldin Kaushalya Gunasena Mahishi Ranaweera Nadeeka Rathnabahu iii International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Copyright © 2013 by Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. First Print 2013 Abstract voiume: International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage Publisher International Association for Asian Heritage Centre for Asian Studies University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. ISBN 978-955-4563-10-0 Cover Designing Sahan Hewa Gamage Cover Image Dwarf figure on a step of a ruined building in the jungle near PabaluVehera at Polonnaruva Printer Kelani Printers The views expressed in the abstracts are exclusively those of the respective authors. iv International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 In Collaboration with The Ministry of National Heritage Central Cultural Fund Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology Bio-diversity Secratariat, Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy v International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011 Message from the Minister of Cultural and Arts It is with great pleasure that I write this congratulatory message to the Abstract Volume of the International Conference on Asian Art, Culture and Heritage, collaboratively organized by the Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, Ministry of Culture and the Arts and the International Association for Asian Heritage (IAAH). It is also with great pride that I join this occasion as I am associated with two of the collaborative bodies; as the founder president of the IAAH, and the Minister of Culture and the Arts. -
The Krishna Temple Complex, Hampi: an Exploration of Its Identity As a Medieval Temple in the Contemporary Context
THE KRISHNA TEMPLE COMPLEX, HAMPI: AN EXPLORATION OF ITS IDENTITY AS A MEDIEVAL TEMPLE IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Ashima Krishna January, 2009 © 2009 Ashima Krishna ABSTRACT Hindu temples in India have been in abundance for centuries. However, many have lost their use over time. They lie vacant and unused on vast tracts of land across the Indian subcontinent, in a time when financial resources for the provision of amenities to serve the local community are hard to come by. In the case of Hampi, this strain is felt not only by the community inhabiting the area, but the tourism sector as well. Hampi’s immense significance as a unique Medieval-city in the Indian subcontinent has increased tourist influx into the region, and added pressure on authorities to provide for amenities and facilities that can sustain the tourism industry. The site comprises near-intact Medieval structures, ruins in stone and archaeologically sensitive open land, making provision of tourist facilities extremely difficult. This raises the possibility of reusing one of the abundant temple structures to cater to some of these needs, akin to the Virupaksha Temple Complex and the Hampi Bazaar. But can it be done? There is a significant absence of research on possibilities of reusing a Hindu Temple. A major reason for this gap in scholarship has been due to the nature of the religion of Hinduism and its adherents. Communal and political forces over time have consistently viewed all Hindu temples as cultural patrimony of the people, despite legal ownership resting with the Government of India. -
History Jahangir Receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on His Return From
AJMER One of the major cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. According to the 2011 census, Ajmer had a population of 542,321 in the city, 551,101 including its suburbs.[2] The city was established as "Ajayameru" by a Shakambhari Chahamana (Chauhan) ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as the Chahamana capital until the 12th century CE.[3][4] Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. It is the base for visiting Pushkar (11 km), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Lord Brahma, and also a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India. History Jahangir receives Prince Khurram at Ajmer on his return from the Mewar campaign Ajmer was originally known as Ajayameru.] The 12th century text Prithviraja Vijaya states that the Shakambhari Chahamana (Chauhan) king Ajayaraja II (ruled c. 1110 – 1135 CE) established the city of Ajayameru.[4] Historian Dasharatha Sharma notes that the earliest mention of the city's name occurs in Palha's Pattavali, which was copied in 1113 CE (1170 VS) at Dhara. This suggests that Ajmer was founded sometime before 1113 CE.[7] A prashasti (eulogistic inscription), issued by Vigraharaja IV and found at Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, states Ajayadeva (that is, Ajayaraja II) moved his residence to Ajmer.[3] The later text Prabandha-Kosha states that it was the 8th century king Ajayaraja I who commissioned the Ajayameru fort, which later came to be known as the Taragarh fort of Ajmer.[4] According to historian R. -
Understanding Pakistan in Its Entirety Erate In
politics of the times from the 1930s to the 1950s. Her easy grasp of that period is clear Understanding from the way she builds her characters: from the Mahatma and Qaid, to other protagonists Pakistan including Nehru, Bose, Suhrawardhy, Liaqat Ali Khan, Mirza and General Ayub. It includes delightful nuggets on how Sardar Patel would Arun Vishwanathan thrash out problems within the Indian Con- stituent Assembly (by going for big durbar- s a new civilian government finds its feet style walks in Delhi’s Lodi Gardens), and a Afollowing the historic transition of demo- footnote on how in 1954, the Pakistan Gov- cratic power in Pakistan, it is important to ernor-General Malik Ghulam Mohammad carry out a holistic analysis of the multiple dismissed Prime Minister Bogra, with Gen- crises plaguing Pakistan. These range from a eral Ayub Khan standing behind a curtain in troubling internal security situation with the same room! Just four years later General rampant terrorist attacks to a crisis of gover- Ayub forced Mohammed’s successor Mirza to nance to a slowing economy complicated by dismiss Prime Minister Noon, and then took an energy crisis. In recent years, given the over as President, while exiling Mirza from troubles plaguing Pakistan several scholars the country (the template for the more recent have outlined a pessimistic future for Paki- coup in Pakistan too). stan that has ranged from implosion of the If you read between Tudor’s well-crafted country, to its breaking up or ‘Lebanonisa- lines, it is easy to see many events of today tion’ to carving of an Islamic Emirate from that tie into our subcontinental past: In the within Pakistan’s territory. -
Cersaie Bologna | International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile
INTINTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF CERAMIC TILE AND BATHROOM FURNISHINGS 28 SEPTEMBER - 2 OCTOBER 201 Cersaie Bologna | International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile ... ERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF CERA AND BATHROOM FURNISHINGS Home > Events > Protagonists Protagonists Claudio Musso Digicult Network Oscar G. Colli Biographical notes Columnist for the magazine “il Bagno Oggi e Domani” of which he was co-founder and editorial director. He is been part for about 16 years of the ADI’s Permanent Observatory of Design. From 2008 to 2010 he directed the selection and publication on the ADI-Design-Index of the best products and services among which the winners of the “Compasso d’Oro” are selected. He held many conferences and talks with students in various universities and he is often moderator for conventions and seminars about interior design and industrial design. Marco Vismara Architect Biographical notes Studio D73 by Marco Vismara and Andrea Viganò is specialized in architectural and design projects in a wide international dimension. Studio D73 deals with interior design, different commercial and private projects, from analysis to production, and carries out the project phases thanks to a very efficient team of professionals based in the headquarter in Italy and the two other offices in Moscow, Tunis and Tbilisi. Within the past few years, Studio D73 has grown and reached many countries abroad, mainly in Russia, East Europe and North Africa, with the aim of keeping growing in new countries in the near future. State-of- the-art design project solutions by Studio D73 include Spa, hotel, showroom, and residential buildings. Giampietro Sacchi Interior designer Biographical notes Interior designer and director of the masters “High education design” at POLI.design – Polytechnic University of Milan. -
Melammu: the Ancient World in an Age of Globalization Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge
Melammu: The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Nina Ruge, Matthias Schemmel, Kai Surendorf Scientific Board Markus Antonietti, Antonio Becchi, Fabio Bevilacqua, William G. Boltz, Jens Braarvik, Horst Bredekamp, Jed Z. Buchwald, Olivier Darrigol, Thomas Duve, Mike Edmunds, Fynn Ole Engler, Robert K. Englund, Mordechai Feingold, Rivka Feldhay, Gideon Freudenthal, Paolo Galluzzi, Kostas Gavroglu, Mark Geller, Domenico Giulini, Günther Görz, Gerd Graßhoff, James Hough, Man- fred Laubichler, Glenn Most, Klaus Müllen, Pier Daniele Napolitani, Alessandro Nova, Hermann Parzinger, Dan Potts, Sabine Schmidtke, Circe Silva da Silva, Ana Simões, Dieter Stein, Richard Stephenson, Mark Stitt, Noel M. Swerdlow, Liba Taub, Martin Vingron, Scott Walter, Norton Wise, Gerhard Wolf, Rüdiger Wolfrum, Gereon Wolters, Zhang Baichun Proceedings 7 Edition Open Access 2014 Melammu The Ancient World in an Age of Globalization Edited by Markham J. Geller (with the cooperation of Sergei Ignatov and Theodor Lekov) Edition Open Access 2014 Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Proceedings 7 Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium of the Melammu Project, held in Sophia, Bulgaria, September 1–3, 2008. Communicated by: Jens Braarvig Edited by: Markham J. Geller Editorial Team: Lindy Divarci, Beatrice Hermann, Linda Jauch -
08 Days Rajasthan Tour Package - 0610AT9
08 Days Rajasthan Tour Package - 0610AT9 Destinations Covered: Jodhpur, Osiyan, Kheechan, Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Ajmer, Pushkar, Jaipur Day Jodhpur: 01: You are received at Airport/Railway Station and transferred to Hotel . Soon after check in we climb up the Majestic Mehrangarh Fort and explore its every nook & corner. We also visit the Jaswant Thada, Ummaid Bhawan Palace Museum, Clock Tower and Markets. Overnight at Jodhpur. Day Osiyan - Kheechan - Jaisalmer: 02: We travel through the ancient trading town of Osiyan for its beautifully sculpted temples and the haven for migratory birds- Kheechan village. Upon arrival check in at hotel. In evening we visit Gadisar Lake & Vyas Chhatri. Overnight at Hotel. Day Jaisalmer: 03: In our halfday sightseeing tour we visit Jaisalmer Fort, Temples and Havelies. By the evening we go for a unique experience of the Desert alike Arabian night by making overnight stay over sand dunes with tented accommodation with cultural program and also enjoy photogenic sunset on camel back. Overnight at Desert Camp. Day Bikaner: 04: We reach Bikaner by afternoon at check in at hotel. Afterwards we visit Fort, Palaces, Museums and temples of Bikaner. By the evening we take trip to the prestigious camel breeding farm. Overnight at Bikaner. Day Ajmer - Pushkar: 05: Leave Bikaner for Ajmer & Pushkar, both the places are major religious center for Muslim and Hindu Pilgrims respectively. We visit famous Dargah of Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti, Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, Anna Sagar Lake at Ajmer. Later we proceed to Pushkar, upon arrival check in at hotel. In the evening we explore the spiritual facets of this relaxed holy town Pushkar on foot. -
Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate- Flexiprep
9/22/2021 History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate- FlexiPrep FlexiPrep History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022) Get top class preparation for CTET/Paper-1 right from your home: get questions, notes, tests, video lectures and more- for all subjects of CTET/Paper-1. Architecture of Delhi Sultanate 1 of 5 9/22/2021 History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate- FlexiPrep ©FlexiPrep. Report ©violations @https://tips.fbi.gov/ New architectural forms and styles were introduced in the medieval period. 2 of 5 9/22/2021 History: Cultural Developments in Medieval India: Architecture of Delhi Sultanate- FlexiPrep Use of arch and dome was the major addition. The true arch was made from stone and bricks, that need to be laid as voussoirs shape of a curve and bound together. In the 14th century, the four-centred arch was introduced by Tughlaq. Features of Sultanate Architecture Tughlaq used richly carved capitals, columns and shafts. Stones were used. Gypsum was used for plastering works. Lime plaster was used against water leakage in roofs, canals and drains. Later gypsum mortar became popular in the construction works. Sultanate Period Quwwatul Islam mosque (1198) , Qutab Minar (1199 – 1235) , Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra (1200) and Iltutmish՚s tomb were some of the specimens of Indo- Islamic architecture. These monuments represent the development of dome and true arch. The Alai Darwaza in the Qutub complex (1305) and the Jamat Khana Masjid at Nizamuddin (1325) constructed during Khalji period. The Seljuk architectural tradition influenced in the Khalji architecture. -
Alwar (Алвар) Travel Guide
Alwar Travel Guide - http://www.ixigo.com/travel-guide/alwar page 1 towering forts in the city. The Alwar Fort or Feb Bala Qila, is a majestic structure known for Cold weather. Carry Heavy woollen. Alwar its grandeur and architectural brilliance. Max: Min: 12.0°C Rain: 26.29999923 12.8000001907348 7060547°C 63mm The city offers an unparalleled Jaisamand Lake and Sagar Lake are some popular tourist attractions here. Those vibrancy and natural beauty for the Mar interested in history and art must visit the tourists. Known for its attractive Pleasant weather. Carry Light woollen. Government Museum which is located Max: Min: Rain: forts, rich culture and lovely 32.29999923 17.29999923 6.80000019073486 inside the City Palace. Also, the hilly 706055°C 7060547°C 3mm people, Alwar makes for an ideal terrain has plenty of natural beauty and Apr holiday destination. interesting wild life to make it a preferred Pleasant weather. Carry Light woollen. Famous For : City destination for a relaxed and exciting Max: Min: Rain: vacation. The roadside views when you are a 37.79999923 22.60000038 13.3999996185302 706055°C 1469727°C 73mm Perhaps the oldest city in the erstwhile trip to Alwar deserves a special mention kingdom of Rajasthan, Alwar was an here as you will pass through stunning May important part of the Matsya territories in facades and gorgeous valleys which makes Hot weather. Carry Light clothes. the journey even more interesting. Don't Max: Min: 27.0°C Rain: 15.0mm Viratnagar. The city was seized from the 41.29999923 Rajputana by the Sultanate of Delhi around forget to make your way into the local 706055°C 12 BC.