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Note on the History of the Innominata Face of Mont Blanc De Courmayeur
1 34 HISTORY OF THE INNOMINATA FACE them difficult but solved the problem by the most exposed, airy and exhilarating ice-climb I ever did. I reckon sixteen essentially different ways to Mont Blanc. I wish I had done them all ! NOTE ON THE ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. 1. This was taken from the inner end of Col Eccles in 1921 during the ascent of Mont Blanc by Eccles' route. Pie Eccles is seen high on the right, and the top of the Aiguille Noite de Peteret just shows over the left flank of the Pie. FIG. 2. This was taken from the lnnominata face in 1919 during a halt at 13.30 on the crest of the branch rib. The skyline shows the Aiguille Blanche de Peteret on the extreme left (a snow cap), with Punta Gugliermina at the right end of what appears to be a level summit ridge but really descends steeply. On the right of the deep gap is the Aiguille Noire de Peteret with the middle section of the Fresney glacier below it. The snow-sprinkled rock mass in the right lower corner is Pie Eccles a bird's eye view. FIG. 3. This was taken at the same time as Fig. 2, with which it joins. Pie Eccles is again seen, in the left lower corner. To the right of it, in the middle of the view, is a n ear part of the branch rib, and above that is seen a bird's view of the Punta lnnominata with the Aiguille Joseph Croux further off to the left. -
4000 M Peaks of the Alps Normal and Classic Routes
rock&ice 3 4000 m Peaks of the Alps Normal and classic routes idea Montagna editoria e alpinismo Rock&Ice l 4000m Peaks of the Alps l Contents CONTENTS FIVE • • 51a Normal Route to Punta Giordani 257 WEISSHORN AND MATTERHORN ALPS 175 • 52a Normal Route to the Vincent Pyramid 259 • Preface 5 12 Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey 101 35 Dent d’Hérens 180 • 52b Punta Giordani-Vincent Pyramid 261 • Introduction 6 • 12 North Face Right 102 • 35a Normal Route 181 Traverse • Geogrpahic location 14 13 Gran Pilier d’Angle 108 • 35b Tiefmatten Ridge (West Ridge) 183 53 Schwarzhorn/Corno Nero 265 • Technical notes 16 • 13 South Face and Peuterey Ridge 109 36 Matterhorn 185 54 Ludwigshöhe 265 14 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 114 • 36a Hörnli Ridge (Hörnligrat) 186 55 Parrotspitze 265 ONE • MASSIF DES ÉCRINS 23 • 14 Eccles Couloir and Peuterey Ridge 115 • 36b Lion Ridge 192 • 53-55 Traverse of the Three Peaks 266 1 Barre des Écrins 26 15-19 Aiguilles du Diable 117 37 Dent Blanche 198 56 Signalkuppe 269 • 1a Normal Route 27 15 L’Isolée 117 • 37 Normal Route via the Wandflue Ridge 199 57 Zumsteinspitze 269 • 1b Coolidge Couloir 30 16 Pointe Carmen 117 38 Bishorn 202 • 56-57 Normal Route to the Signalkuppe 270 2 Dôme de Neige des Écrins 32 17 Pointe Médiane 117 • 38 Normal Route 203 and the Zumsteinspitze • 2 Normal Route 32 18 Pointe Chaubert 117 39 Weisshorn 206 58 Dufourspitze 274 19 Corne du Diable 117 • 39 Normal Route 207 59 Nordend 274 TWO • GRAN PARADISO MASSIF 35 • 15-19 Aiguilles du Diable Traverse 118 40 Ober Gabelhorn 212 • 58a Normal Route to the Dufourspitze -
DISTRIBUZIONE DEI 4000 PER NAZIONE Francia Italia Svizzera
DISTRIBUZIONE DEI 4000 PER NAZIONE Francia Italia Svizzera Sullo spartiacque 12 29 17 All'interno della Nazione 12 10 31 club 4000 Totale 24 39 48 Gruppo della Sezione CAI di Torino Via G. Barbaroux, 1 DETTAGLIO 10121 TORINO ITALY Vetta Metri Francia Italia Svizzera Barre des Ecrins 4101 V Dôme des Ecrins 4015 V Gran Paradiso 4061 V Aig. de Bionnassay 4052 V V Dôme du Goûter 4304 V V Monte Bianco 4810 V V Mte. Bianco di Courmayeur 4765 V Picco Luigi Amedeo 4470 V Mont Brouillard 4068 V Punta Baretti 4006 V Grand Pilier d'Angle 4243 V Aig. Blanche de Peutérey 4114 V Mont Maudit 4468 V Mont Blanc du Tacul 4248 V L'Isolée 4114 V Pointe Carmen 4109 V Pointe Médiane 4097 V Pointe Chaubert 4074 V Corne du Diable 4064 V Dente del Gigante 4014 V V Aiguille de Rochefort 4001 V V Dôme de Rochefort 4015 V V Punta Margherita 4065 V V Punta Elena 4045 V V Punta Croz 4110 V V Punta Whymper 4184 V V Punta Walker 4208 V V club4000.club Les Droites 4000 V [email protected] Aiguille du Jardin 4035 V Grande Rocheuse 4102 V 1 club 4000 Gruppo della Sezione CAI di Torino Via G. Barbaroux, 1 DETTAGLIO 10121 TORINO ITALY Vetta Metri Francia Italia Svizzera Aiguille Verte 4101 V Combin de Valsorey 4015 V Combin de Grafeneire 4061 V Combin de la Tsessette 4052 V Dent d'Hérens 4304 V Cervino 4810 V V Dent Blanche 4765 V V Bishorn 4470 V Weisshorn 4068 V Ober Gabelhorn 4006 V Zinalrothorn 4243 V Breithorn W West 4114 V V Breithorn centrale 4468 V V Breithorn Est /Ost 4248 V V Breithornzwillinge E 4114 V V Roccia Nera 4109 V V Pollux / Polluce 4097 V V Castor / Castore 4074 V V Lyskamm Ovest /West 4064 V V Lyskamm Est /Ost 4014 V V Punta Giordani 4001 V Piramide Vincent 4015 V Corno Nero 4065 V V Ludwigshöhe 4045 V V Parrotspitze 4110 V V Signalkuppe / Putna Gnifetti 4184 V V Zumsteinspitze 4208 V V club4000.club Pte. -
TUTTE LE CIME DELLE ALPI OLTRE I 4000M SALITE DA MIHA VALIC DAL 27/12/2006 Al 7/04/2007
TUTTE LE CIME DELLE ALPI OLTRE I 4000m SALITE DA MIHA VALIC DAL 27/12/2006 al 7/04/2007 DAY PEAK AREA, HUT ROUTE GRADE HEIGHT (M) CLIMBING PART. 1. 1. Corne du Diable, 2. Pointe Diable, bivac Arete du Diable D+; V+,A0/IV 1400 Rok Blagus Chaubert, 3. Pointe Mediane 2. 4. Pointe Carmen, 5. Isolee, 6. Mont Diable Rok Blagus Blanc du Tacul 3. Saas Grund 4. 7. Weissmies Weissmieshutten NW face, W PD-; 40o 1050 Rok Blagus ridge 5. 8. Lagginhorn PD; I-II 1280 Rok Blagus 6. Aosta 7. Rifugio Vittorio 700 Emanuele II 8. 9. Gran Paradiso Gran Paradiso W face F+; I-II, 35o 1350 Alenka Klemenčič 9. Ailefroide 10. Ecrins, Refuge des 1650 Ecrins 11. 10. Barre des Ecrins, 11. Dome de Ecrins N face, W ridge PD+; II, 40o 1000 Alenka Klemenčič Neige 12. Chamonix 13. Chamonix 14. Chamonix 15. Gran Combin, Bivac 2050 Musso 16. 12. Combin de Valsorey, 13. Combin Combin S face, traverse AD-; II, 45o 800 / de Grafeneire, 14. Combin de la Tsesette 17. Saas Grund 18. 15. Allalinhorn, 16. Alphubel Allalin, Mischabeljoch Feejoch, F, PD-, AD; III, 1000 Bla✏ Grapar biwak traverse, N ridge 30o 19. 17. Taschhorn, 18. Dom Mischabel, bivac SE ridge, AD, AD+, PD; 850 Bla✏ Grapar traverse, N face III/II 20. 19. Lenzspitze, 20. Nadelhorn, 21. Mischabel, SW ridge, AD, III-II 1000 Bla✏ Grapar Stecknadelhorn, 22. Hohberghorn, 23. Mischabelhutten traverse Durrenhorn 21. Saas Grund 22. Saas Grund 23. Saas Grund 24. Allalin, Brittaniahutte 25. 24. Rimpfischhorn, 25. Strahlhorn Allalin Allalinpass, W PD+,PD-; II+ 1800 Luka Kronegger face, SW ridge, Allalingletscher, Adlerpass, NW ridge 26. -
Liste Des 82 Sommets Des Alpes De Plus De 4000 Mètres
Liste des 82 sommets des Alpes de plus de 4000 mètres « Les sommets de plus de 4000m d’altitude ont une grande valeur symbolique dans les Alpes. Pour les gravir, il faut pratiquer l’alpinisme car aucun d’entre eux ne se laisse approcher par un sentier. Pourtant, dans la littérature alpine, plus personne ne se risque à faire un classement de tous ces majestueux sommets. La raison ? D’abord une ambiguïté dans la définition du sommet qui fait qu’il est parfois difficile de trancher entre sommet secondaire et simple épaulement d’une arête, mais aussi un conflit ouvert dans la comptabilisation des 4000 entre France, Suisse et même Italie. En effet, les Suisses ont toujours contesté le Dôme de Neige des Ecrins comme un sommet de plus de 4000m, considérant que ce n’était qu’un simple épaulement de la Barre des Ecrins. A l’inverse les français ont toujours refusé de comptabiliser tous les sommets secondaires du Mont Rose, et Dieu sait qu’il y en a (Zumsteinspitze, Nordend, Parrotspitze, Signalkuppe…) » d'après Alex Simon ([email protected]) Liste des principaux sommets (selon UIAA) Massif de la Bernina Total: 1 sommet Piz Bernina 4049m Massif des Ecrins Total: 2 sommets Barre des Ecrins 4101m Dôme de Neige des Ecrins 4015m Massif du Grand Paradis Total: 1 sommet Grand Paradis 4061m Alpes Bernoises Total: 9 sommets Aletschhorn 4195m Jungfrau 4158m Mönch 4099m Gross Fiescherhorn 4049m Hinter Fischerhorn 4025m Gross Grünhorn 4044m Finsteraarhorn 4274m Schreckhorn 4078m Lauteraarhorn 4042m Alpes Valaisannes Total: 41 sommets Combin de Valsorey 4184m -
Rudolf Rother, 1923 (65 Vrcholů, Později Přidal Ještě 2)
, Rudolf Rother, 1923 (65 vrcholů, později přidal ještě 2) Jedná se o popis systematického sbírání jednotlivých výstupů. Snažil jsem z této knihy vysbírat maximum informací, ale zatím jsem ji neprošel kompletně. 1. Mont Blanc 4 810 B Masiv Mont Blanku Mont Blank 2. Dufourspitze 4 638 B+ Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 3. Grenzgipfel 4 631 B+ Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 4. Nordend 4 612 B+ Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 5. Zumsteinspitze 4 573 B- Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 6. Signalkuppe / Punta Gnifetti 4 561 B- Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 7. Dom 4 554 B Walliské Alpy Mischabel 8. Lyskamm 4 538 C- Walliské Alpy Liskamm 9. Weisshorn 4 512 C Walliské Alpy Weisshorn 10. Täschhorn 4 498 B+ Walliské Alpy Mischabel 11. Matterhorn 4 482 C Walliské Alpy Matterhorn 12. Pic Luigi Amedeo 4 472 C Masiv Mont Blanku Mont Blank 13. Mont Maudit 4 471 B+ Masiv Mont Blanku Mont Blank 14. Parrotspitze 4 463 B- Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 15. Dent Blanche 4 364 C Walliské Alpy Matterhorn 16. Ludwigshöhe 4 344 B- Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 17. Nadelhorn 4 334 B+ Walliské Alpy Mischabel 18. Dôme du Goûter 4 331 B Masiv Mont Blanku Mont Blank 19. Schwarzhorn 4 324 B+ Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 20. Grand Combin 4 317 C- Walliské Alpy Grand Combin 21. Südlenzspitze 4 300 C Walliské Alpy Mischabel 22. Finsteraarhorn 4 275 B+ Bernské Alpy Jungfrau 23. Balmenhorn 4 255 B- Walliské Alpy Monte Rosa 24. Mont Blanc du Tacul 4 249 B- Masiv Mont Blanku Mont Blank 25. Stecknadelhorn 4 235 B+ Walliské Alpy Mischabel 26. -
COL MAUDIT and OTHER CLIMBS. by T. Graham Brown
Col Maudit and other Climbs. 231 wrought such havoc in 1924. We were denied those few days of grace· which might have given a fair chance of success to SO· strong a party. We are agreed that the mountain, if it is ever climbe~ . at all, will be climbed in late May or early June ; · but strong ~eserves of men thoroughly .acc.ustome~ to guideless climbing are necessary, because .it is very .doubtful if a man, however ~.trong, can make more than one really high ascent, and becaus·e practically every member should be capabl~ of independent movement. on the mountain. A last word must be said about the porters_. With few exceptions their beh~viour was beyond praise. Without them we could have done nothing, and our respect and affection for them are an :abiding memory. • , [See the Survey of India n1ap, Mount Everest and Environs, scale 2 miles to 1 inch (1 : 126,720). For the approaches, see the Expedition m~p, 1921 : scale, 4 miles to 1 inch. For other illustrations of Everest and adja·cent peaks see 'A.J.' 33, 295, 297; 34, 116, 210, 347, 431, 448 et seq.; 36, 195, ·214, 217, 260, et seq.; 43, 3. See also 'G.J.' and the three 'Mount Everest ' volurnes, 1921, 1922 and 1924.] • - ..-- --- --· __.. _ _ _____ ·- CoL MAUDIT AND OTHER CLIMBS~ BY T. GRAHAM BROWN. (Read before the Alpine Club, November 1, 1932.) LTHOUGH Col Maudit had been longer in my thoughts, our first meeting was in 1931, and we came to know each other more intimately in the following season. -
Berichte Der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Zu Freiburg I. Br
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Berichte der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg im Breisgau Jahr/Year: 1895 Band/Volume: 9 Autor(en)/Author(s): Graeff Fr. Artikel/Article: Geologische und petrographiscbe Studien in der Montblanc-Gruppe. 71-110 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 71] Geologische und petrographiscbe Studien in der Montblanc- Gruppe. Vou Fr. Graeff. Erster TL eil. Die geologischen Verhältnisse des Mout Catogne und der Südostflanke des Montblancmassivs. Mit einer colorirten Doppeltafel und 1 Textflguren. Verfasser dieses hatte sich ursprttnghch die eingehende Unter- suchung der porphyrartigen Gesteine zur Aufgabe gemacht, welche am Catogne und längs des Südostabfalls der Montblanckette auf- treten. Diese Gesteine Avurden zwar schon von A. Favre (1) unter Be- zeichnungen wie ..Eurite^' oder „Protogine porphyroule^' erwähnt, aber nicht näher beschrieben, etwas eingehender behandelte dieselben H. Gehlach. In seinem „Südwestlichen Wallis" (2) beschreibt er einen Theil derselben als echte Quarzporphyre und Feisite nach Auftreten und makroskopischem Verhalten, daneben betont er wieder- holt das Vorhandensein von Uebergängen dieser Gesteine einerseits zu Protogin, andererseits zu gneissartigen krystalhncn Schiefern. Diese letzteren Angaben waren es insbesondere, welche mein Interesse erregten und mich zur näheren mikroskopischen und geo- logischen Untersuchung des -
Va - Web - 11-17 VALLE AOSTA Referenza Cima Alt M Punti Locator Validità
va - web - 11-17 VALLE AOSTA referenza cima alt m punti locator validità I/VA-001 Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey 4111 10 JN35KT internazionale I/VA-002 Gran Paradiso 4061 10 JN35PM internazionale I/VA-003 La Grìvola 3969 10 JN35PO internazionale I/VA-004 Aiguilles de Trélatète – Pointe Sud 3923 10 JN35JT internazionale I/VA-005 Les Jumeaux – Pointe Sella 3877 10 JN35TW internazionale I/VA-006 Herbetet 3778 10 JN35PN internazionale I/VA-007 Aiguille Noire de Peuterey 3773 10 JN35KT internazionale I/VA-008 Tour du Gran Saint Pierre 3692 10 JN35QM internazionale I/VA-009 Roccia Viva 3650 10 JN35PM internazionale I/VA-010 Grande Rousse Nord 3607 10 JN35NN internazionale Pène-Blanche Sud / Punta Patrí I/VA-011 Sud 3581 10 JN35QM internazionale I/VA-012 Grand Frlambeau 3560 10 JN35LU internazionale I/VA-013 Monte Emilius 3559 10 JN35QQ internazionale I/VA-014 Grande Serre / Gran Sertz 3552 10 JN35PN internazionale I/VA-015 Punta Tersiva 3512 10 JN35RO internazionale I/VA-017 Grande Traversière 3496 10 JN35MM internazionale I/VA-018 Grand Nomenon 3488 10 JN35OO internazionale I/VA-019 Château des Dames 3488 10 JN35SV internazionale I/VA-020 Tête du Ruitor 3486 10 JN35MP internazionale I/VA-021 Becca Des Lacs 3474 10 JN35RW internazionale I/VA-022 Pic Garin 3462 10 JN35QP internazionale I/VA-023 Becca Bovet 3446 10 JN35RW internazionale I/VA-024 Pointe de l'Aouille 3446 10 JN35NM internazionale I/VA-025 Doravidi 3439 10 JN35MP internazionale I/VA-026 Truc Blanc 3427 10 JN35OO internazionale I/VA-027 Punta Bioula 3414 10 JN35OO internazionale I/VA-028 -
Scarica Il PDF Con L'anteprima Del Libro
rock&ice 3 Das grosse Buch der 4000er Normalrouten und Klassiker idea Montagna editoria e alpinismo Rock&Ice l Das grosse Buch der 4000er l Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS FÜNF • • 51a Normalroute zur Punta Giordani 257 VOM MATTERHORN ZUM WEISSHORN 175 • 52a Normalroute zur Vincent-Pyramide 259 • Vorwort 5 13 Gran Pilier d’Angle 108 35 Dent d’Hérens 180 • 52b Überschreitung von der 261 • Einführung 6 • 13 Südwand und Peuterey-Grat 109 • 35a Normalroute 181 Punta Giordani zur Vincent-Pyramide • Geografische Angaben 14 14 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 114 • 35b West- oder Tiefmattengrat 183 53 Schwarzhorn 265 • Hinweise zum Gebrauch des Führers 16 • 14 Couloir Eccles und Peuterey-Grat 115 36 Matterhorn 185 54 Ludwigshöhe 265 15-19 Aiguilles du Diable 117 • 36a Hörnligrat 186 55 Parrotspitze 265 EINS • DAS MASSIV DER ÉCRINS 23 15 L’Isolée 117 • 36b Liongrat (Cresta del Leone) 192 • 53-55 Überschreitung der drei Gipfel 266 1 Barre des Écrins 26 16 Pointe Carmen 117 37 Dent Blanche 198 56 Signalkuppe 269 • 1a Normalroute 27 17 Pointe Médiane 117 • 37 Normalroute über den Süd- oder 199 57 Zumsteinspitze 269 • 1b Couloir Coolidge 30 18 Pointe Chaubert 117 Wandfluegrat • 56-57 Normalroute zur Signalkuppe und 270 2 Dôme de Neige des Écrins 32 19 Corne du Diable 117 38 Bishorn 202 zur Zumsteinspitze • 2 Normalroute 32 • 15-19 Überschreitung der Aig. du Diable 118 • 38 Normalroute 203 58 Dufourspitze 274 20 Dent du Géant 124 39 Weisshorn 206 59 Nordend 274 ZWEI • DER GRAN PARADISO 35 • 20 Normalroute 125 • 39 Normalroute 207 • 58a Normalroute zur -
IL,T1 Wieà. SUE DEL CLUB ALPINE) Italiilo
Maggio 1899 Vol XVIII, N. 5. IL,T1 WiEÀ. SUE DEL CLUB ALPINE) ITALIilO Redattore: Prof. CARLO RATTI SOMMARIO: XXXI CONGRESSO degli Alpinisti Italiani, a- Bilogna. Programml e avvertenze Paf. 169 Aiguille de Triolet (catena M. Bianco), con 2 illustrazioni. - A. FERRARI „ 171 Tra i M onti Aretini. — A. 1Lins „ 183 La spedizione del Duca degli Abruzzi al Mare Artico . „ 191 Alpinisme e difesa nazionale. -- M. CERADINI . „ 192 Cronaca Alpina. -- Ascensioni del 1898 nella catena del M. Bianco - Nelle Alpi Cozie e Marittime (V. DE CESSOLE) - Di alcune traversate nelle Dolomiti di Ampezzo (E. MACKENZIE) - Punta Clotesse - Punta delle Saette e Pania della Croce - A pro- posito d'uno spuntone (C. RESTELLI). - Escursioni Sezionali : Roma) Roccadimezzo e M. Rotondo - Como) M. Barro, Seghignola, M. San Primo - Ligure) M. Grosso, Ajona, Armetta - Monza) Resegone. — Carovane scolastiche : Torino) M. Calcante - Roma) M. Tancia - Arezzo. — Guide: Corso d'istruzione a Milano - Guide colla spe- dizione polare. — Ricoveri e sentieri : Per l' inaugurazione del Rifugio Torino - Rifugi alle Capanne di Còsola, in Val Brembana, al Passo di Gavia, alle Marma- role, Srl M. Baldo, sul Grauhaupt, sul Grappa, al Col Bertol, all'Aiguille du Goûter „ 207 Personalia. — Cenno necrologico di Charles Durier e di Federico Faraut . • „ 209 Varieth. — L'incendio di Valfurva. Una statua della Madonna sul Rocciamelone „ 209 Letteratura ed Arte. — Su d'un nuovo sistema di carte topografiche (Carta Raxalpe ecc.). — Ball e Coolidge: The Western Alps (guida e introduzione generale). -- Mondini : Guida alla Serra dell'Argentera. — Guide des Vallées Vaudoises. Battisti : Il Trentino. — Simon: Ausrüstung des Hochtouristen. -- In Alto „ 210 Cronaca delle Sezioni del C. -
2010-2011 DOUG SCOTT Has Made Almost 40 Expeditions to the High Mountains of Asia
482 T h e A l p i n e J o u r n A l 2 0 1 0 / 1 1 Index 2010-2011 DOUG SCOTT has made almost 40 expeditions to the high mountains of Asia. He has reached the summit of 30 peaks, of which half have been first ascents, and all were climbed by new routes or for the first time in lightweight style. Apart from his climb up the SW face of Everest with Dougal Haston in 1975, he has made all his climbs in alpine style without A Apolobamba 322 the use of supplementary oxygen. He is a former president of the Alpine Äbeni Flue 91 Apusinikajik glacier, Greenland 255 Club. Abruzzi Spur, K2, 267, 272 Archer Thomson 208, 209 Achik Tash valley, Pamirs 75 Ashley, Lord 79 BOB SHEPTON was fortunate enough to find the cliffs of Lulworth and Aconcagua 107, 312, 410, 454 Ashley, Mount 318 Portland unclimbed in the 1960s and 70s and set about steadily developing Afghanistan 333, 478 Assiniboine 208, 368, 402 them. In latter years he has led Tilman-type expeditions to the west coast Aiguille Croux 245 Astill, Chris 403, obit 404; of Greenland and Arctic Canada, sailing and climbing new routes from his Aiguille d’Argentière 206 At Bashi range, Kyrgyzstan 266, 326 boat, culminating in the ‘Big Walls’ expedition that was awarded a Piolet Aiguille des Grands Charmoz 206 Auer, Hansjorg 250 d’Or in 2011. Aiguille des Pélèrins 84 Austrian Alpine Club 53 Aiguille Noire 245, 451 Ayacata, Gran Canaria 137, 138 JOHN TOWN is a retired university administrator.