Recommended Reading on Energy
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British Pharmacists and the Peking Union Medical College Hospital
British Pharmacists and the lege Hospital after amalgamation of the Charity Hos- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, pital with several smaller clinics and hospitals, and the 1910-1941 addition of a new medical school under the direction of the London Missionary Society . The Union Medical Patrick Chiu College was transformed when the Empress Dowager Cixi helped to finance the rebuilding of the Charity Abstract Hospital after its destruction during the Boxer Rebel- Prior to the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 the London lion in 1901 . When the China Medical Board of the Missionary Society played a pioneering role in the west- Rockefeller Foundation acquired Union Medical Col- ernization of hospital pharmacy in China . The Peking lege and its hospital in 1915 for US $200,000 its facili- Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was ties were greatly expanded . The college became known founded with seed funding from the Empress Dowager as the Peking Union Medical College, and its affiliated Cixi of the Qing Dynasty in 1902 . With the support hospital became known as the Peking Union Medical of influential western physicians the hospital recruited College Hospital 3. its first pharmacist, Bernard Read, in 1910 . Other Brit- During the 31-year period between 1910 and 1941 ish pharmacists including John Cameron made impor- several British qualified pharmacists were recruited to tant contributions to the development of pharmacy at be in charge of both education and practice in the phar- PUMCH between 1910 and 1941, and their influence macy department of PUMCH at different times . They is still apparent through those who practice clinical included Alfred Skinn, Arthur Britland, Bernard Read, pharmacy in China today . -
Petroleum Politics: China and Its National Oil Companies
MASTER IN ADVANCED EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ANGLOPHONE BRANCH - Academic year 2012/2013 Master Thesis Petroleum Politics: China and Its National Oil Companies By Ellennor Grace M. FRANCISCO 26 June 2013 Supervised by: Dr. Laurent BAECHLER Deputy Director MAEIS To Whom I owe my willing and my running CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures v List of Abbreviations vi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Literature Review 2 1.2 Methodologies 4 1.3 Objectives and Scope 4 Chapter 2. Historical Evolution of Chinese National Oil Companies 6 2.1 The Central Government and “Self-Reliance” (1950- 1977) 6 2.2 Breakdown and Corporatization: First Reform (1978- 1991) 7 2.3 Decentralization: Second Reform (1992- 2003) 11 2.4 Government Institutions and NOCs: A Move to Recentralization? (2003- 2010) 13 2.5 Corporate Governance, Ownership and Marketization 15 2.5.1 International Market 16 2.5.2 Domestic Market 17 Chapter 3. Chinese Politics and NOC Governance 19 3.1 CCP’s Controlling Mechanisms 19 3.1.1 State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) 19 3.1.2 Central Organization Department 21 3.2 Transference Between Government and Corporate Positions 23 3.3 Traditional Connections and the Guanxi 26 3.4 Convergence of NOC Politics 29 Chapter 4. The “Big Four”: Overview of the Chinese Banking Sector 30 Preferential Treatment 33 Chapter 5. Oil Security and The Going Out Policy 36 5.1 The Policy Driver: Equity Oil 36 5.2 The Going Out Policy (zou chu qu) 37 5.2.1 The Development of OFDI and NOCs 37 5.2.2 Trends of Outward Foreign Investments 39 5.3 State Financing: The Chinese Policy Banks 42 5.4 Loans for Oil 44 Chapter 6. -
The Politics of Oil, Gas Contract Negotiations in Sub-Saharan Africa
The politics of oil, gas contract negotiations in Sub-Saharan Africa This article is part of DIIS Report 2014:25 “Policies and finance for economic development and trade” Read more at www.diis.dk THE POLITICS OF OIL, GAS CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA By: Rasmus Hundsbæk Pedersen, DIIS, 2014 SUMMARY Much attention has been paid to the management of revenues from petroleum resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. An entire body of literature on the resource curse has developed which points to corruption during the negotiation of contracts, as well as the mismanagement of revenues on the continent. The analyses provide the basis for policy advice for countries as well as donors; transparency and anti- corruption initiatives aimed at lifting the curse flourish. Though this paper is sympathetic to these initiatives, it argues that the analysis may underestimate the inherently political nature of the negotiation of contracts. Based on a review of the existing literature on contract negotiations in Africa, combined with a case study of Tanzania, the paper argues that the resource curse need not hit all countries on the African continent. By focusing on changes in the relative bargaining strength of actors involved in negotiating processes, it points to the choices and trade-offs that invariably affect the terms and conditions of exploration and production activities. Whereas international oil companies are often depicted as being in the driving seat, the last decade’s high oil prices may have shifted power in governments’ favor. Though their influence has declined, donors may still want to influence oil and gas politics under these circumstances. -
Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson Ist Konsul Des Englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou
Report Title - p. 1 of 266 Report Title Acheson, James (um 1901) : Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson ist Konsul des englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou. [Qing1] Adam, James Robertson (Dundee, Schottland 1863-1915 Anshun, Guizhou vom Blitz erschlagen) : Protestantischer Missionar China Inland Mission Biographie 1887 James Robertson Adam wird Missionar der China Inland Mission in China. [Prot2] Addis, John Mansfield = Addis, John Mansfield Sir (1914-1983) : Englischer Diplomat Biographie 1947-1950 John Mansfield Addis ist Erster Sekretär der britischen Botschaft in Nanjing. [SOAS] 1950-1954 John Mansfield Addis ist im Foreign Office der britischen Botschaft in Beijing tätig. [ODNB] 1954-1957 John Mansfield Addis ist Generalkonsul der britischen Botschaft in Beijing. [SOAS] 1970-1974 John Mansfield Addis ist Botschafter der britischen Regierung in Beijing. [SOAS] 1975 John Mansfield Addis wird Senior Research Fellow in Contemporary Chinese Studies am Wolfson College, Oxford. [SOAS] Adeney, David Howard (Bedford, Bedfordshire 1911-1994) : Englischer protestantischer Missionar China Inland Mission Biographie 1934 Ruth Adeney lernt Chinesisch an der Sprachenschule der China Inland Mission in Yangzhou (Jiangsu) ; David Howard Adeney in Anqing (Anhui). [BGC] 1934-1938 David Howard Adeney ist als Missionar in Henan tätig. [BGC] 1938 Heirat von David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney in Henan. [BGC] 1938-1941 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney sind als Missionare in Fangcheng (Henan) tätig. [BGC] 1941-1945 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney halten sich in Amerika auf. [BGC] 1946-1950 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney sind für das Chinese Inter-Varisty Fellowship für Universitäts-Studenten in Nanjing und Shanghai tätig. [BGC] 1950-1956 David Howard Adeney und Ruth Adeney halten sich in Amerika auf. -
Introduction Continuity and Change in Venezuela’S Petro-Diplomacy
Introduction Continuity and Change in Venezuela’s Petro-Diplomacy Ralph S. Clem and Anthony P. Maingot Over the last decade, Venezuela has exerted an influence on the Western Hemisphere and indeed, global international relations, well beyond what one might expect from a country of 26.5 million people. In considering the reasons for this influence, one must of course take into account the country’s vast petroleum deposits. The wealth these generate, used traditionally to fi- nance national priorities, more recently has been heavily deployed to bolster Venezuela’s ambitious “Bolivarian”proof foreign policy. As with any country whose national income depends so heavily on export earnings from a single natural resource, Venezuela’s economic fate rests on its capacity to exploit that resource and, perhaps even more so, on the price set by the international market. The Venezuelan author Fernando Coronil calls this condition the “neo-colonial disease.” Without oil, there would be no Chávez, and certainly no “socialism of the twenty-first century.”1 Unpredict- ability is the signal character of the Venezuelan economy, and, consequently, no domestic or foreign policy assessments can be completely time-based. Nothing exemplifies this volatility better than the price of a barrel of oil, which was $148 when we began planning this collection of essays in mid- 2007, but which fell to less than $50, then climbed back to $70 by mid-2009. Instead of using a time-based approach, therefore, the essays in this volume attempt to trace the deep-rooted and enduring orientations of Venezuelan political culture and their influence on foreign policy, with special attention to the historical role petroleum has played in these considerations. -
The Man Who Understood New Testament Missionary Principles K
Roland Alien: The Man Who Understood New Testament Missionary Principles K. G. Hyland In 1921 four remarkable men were regularly meeting in London. Alexander McLeish, on his third furlough from India, wrote: 'On that occasion I had been asked to stay over in London for talks with Sidney Clark and Thomas Cochrane. I found Roland Alien daily present . These men formed a unique group and had very different backgrounds. Sydney Clark had been a successful business man and was a Congrega tionalist. Dr. Cochrane had been a missionary of the London Missionary Society in Mongolia and was a Presbyterian. Roland Alien was an Anglican and had been a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) in China. There was no doubt as to the bond which united such different men' .1 McLeish describes this bond as 'the convic tion that a revolution was overdue in missionary work, not only in methods and principles, but also in the objective itself'. As to the source from which such a stream of prophetic thinking and writing came, he says that it was 'under the stimulus of what is called Biblical Theology we have begun to learn again to subject customary church and missionary practice to the scrutiny of the New Testament'. Sidney Clark was the subject of Roland Alien's last book, published in 1937. He wrote, 'In 1907 the general managing partner of Bradley's of Chester resigned his office, in order to devote himself entirely to foreign missions'. He was forty-five. Thenceforward he travelled the world, surveyed mission fields, rethought mission principles, wrote on these extensively, founded the Survey Application Trust and the World Dom inion Movement'.2 These two men worked together much and fertilised each other's thinking. -
Empire in the Pre-Industrial World Transcript
Empire in the Pre-Industrial World Transcript Date: Tuesday, 20 September 2011 - 6:00PM Location: Museum of London Tuesday 20 September 2011 Empire in the Pre-Industrial World Professor Richard J Evans FBA In this series of six lectures I’m going to examine the rise and fall of European global hegemony from the fifteenth century to the present. It hardly needs saying that the subject is of obvious importance to the world today and how we understand it. Are we dealing here, for example, with the superiority of ‘the West’ over ‘the rest’ since 1500, as Niall Ferguson has recently claimed? I’ll begin in this first lecture by looking at the period from Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas in 1492 to the end of the European empires in America in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and see whether in fact this was the case. How did these empires emerge, how were they ruled, why did they collapse, and what was the legacy they left to the world? The best place to start is with the fact that for many centuries, from the late Roman Empire until the early 14th century AD, Europe was repeatedly invaded from the East, the last time by Tamerlane, the feared Mongol leader who conquered Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, northern India, Syria and a large part of Russia. (1) After his death in 1410, Tamerlane’s empire rapidly fell apart. The states he defeated, from the Ottomans to the Muslim sultanate in India, quickly recovered, basing their power on agriculture and urban settlements rather than on the plunder and control of trade routes on which Tamerlane and earlier Mongol conquerors depended. -
The Oil Factor in Hugo Chávez's Foreign Policy
The Oil Factor in Hugo Chávez’s Foreign Policy Oil Abundance, Chavismo and Diplomacy C.C. Teske (s1457616) Research Master Thesis Research Master Latin American Studies Leiden University June, 2018 Thesis supervisor: Prof. dr. P. Silva Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Different thoughts on oil abundance in relation to populism and foreign policy 3 1.1 The academic debate around natural resource abundance leading towards the resource curse debate 4 1.2 The resource curse debate regarding populism and oil abundance from an international perspective 8 1.3 The International Political Economy and Robert Cox’s Method 14 Chapter 2 A historical perspective on oil abundance, foreign policy and the roots of chavismo 20 2.1 Venezuela before the oil era: caudillismo and agriculture 21 2.2 Oil and dictatorship: the beginning of the oil era 22 2.3 Oil and military rule: Venezuela becoming the world’s largest exporter of oil 26 2.4 Oil and democracy: Pacto de Punto Fijo and increasing US interference 28 2.5 Oil and socialism: the beginning of the Chávez era 31 2.6 The roots of chavismo in the Venezuelan history regarding oil abundance and international affairs 32 Chapter 3 The relationship between chavismo, oil abundance and Venezuela’s foreign policy during the presidency of Hugo Chávez 36 3.1 The Venezuelan domestic policy during the Chávez administration 37 3.2 The Venezuelan foreign policy during the Chávez administration 41 Conclusion 51 Bibliography 53 Introduction Ever since the exploitation of its oil Venezuela had not been able to live without this black gold. -
Maritime Raiding, International Law and the Suppression of Piracy on the South China Coast, 1842–1869
Jonathan Chappell Maritime raiding, international law and the suppression of piracy on the south China coast, 1842–1869 Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Chappell, Jonathan (2018) Maritime raiding, international law and the suppression of piracy on the south China coast, 1842–1869. International History Review, 40 (3). pp. 473-492. ISSN 0707-5332 DOI: 10.1080/07075332.2017.1334689 © 2017 Informa UK Limited This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/88339/ Available in LSE Research Online: June 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Maritime Raiding, International Law and the Suppression of Piracy on the South China Coast, 1842-1869 Author: Jonathan Chappell Affiliation: New York University Shanghai Funding Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the United Kingdom Arts and Humanities Research Council under grant AH/K502947/1 and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange under grant DD024-U-14. -
WORLD DOMINION the World Dominion Movement Adv.Ocates Informed Continuous Co-Ordinated Evangelism to Reach Everyone at Home and Abroad
WORLD DOMINION The World Dominion Movement adv.ocates Informed Continuous Co-ordinated Evangelism to reach everyone at home and abroad. Its basis is belief in the Deity and Atoning Death of the Lord Jeaua Christ, the World's Only Saviour, and in the flnal Authority of Holy Scripture. Editor: THOMAS COCHRANE. ''Vol. XIV., No. 4 CONTENTS OCTOBER, 1936 PAGE FACING ':(HE WORLD TO-DAY 327 HALF-A-CENTURY'S CHANGES IN CHINA. MontaguBeauchamp 331 MEDICAL PROGRESS IN CHINA. Thomas Gillison 336 THE NEW DAY IN INDIA •• 341 A PENTECOST IN CONGO. Andrew MacBe.ath 342 CHALLENGE OF BUDDHISM IN BURMA. Farrant Russell 35 1 How CAN WE WIN THE BUDDHIST ? 360 ANTI-MATERIALISTIC REACTION IN MEXICO. G. Baez Camargo 361 TRENDS AND ACTIVITIES OF ARGENTINE YOUTH. Santiago Canclini .. 366 ALARMING FACTS 372 SHOULD THE MISSIONARY DISPUTE? James Haldane 373 MISSIONS AND GOVERNMENTS. Maurice Leenhardt 377 UKRAINIA 382 jEWS IN GERMANY •• 382 'THE WEST INDIES TO-DAY. F. Deaville Walker .. 383 SPAIN 39o . ABORIGINES OF FORMOSA. Leslie Singleton 391 EXPERIENCE OF CHRIST AS LORD. ]. Douglas Adam 399 CHRIST AND A MODERN LEPER •.• 4o5 EVANGELISM IN MISSION HOSPITALS 406 THE OPEN DOOR IN INDIA. Alexander McLeish 410 INDIA'.S UNOCCUPIED FIELDS. R. M'Cheyne Paterson 413 WORLD RELIGIOUS POPULATIONS 415 CURRENT HISTORY 416 The Editor does not accept responsibility for views expressed by the writers. Commumcations ..;,.,1ay be sent to WORLD DOMINION PRESS, FOUNDER'S LODGE, MILDMAY CONFERE!,CE "'CENTRE, LONDON, N. l, and 156, FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, and 632-634, .CONFEDERATION LIFE BUILDING, TORONTO. Published Quarterly. Annual Subscription, 4/6, post paid; Single Copies, 1/2, post paid, The next number of the magazine will be published on the 21st December, 1936. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part One ISBN 0 902 198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART I A-J C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
The Best of Times? Petroleum Politics in Canada
The Best of Times? Petroleum Politics in Canada Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Assoication Draft Only – Not for Quotation Halifax, May 2003 Keith Brownsey Mount Royal College Calgary, Alberta 1. Introduction: It is the best of times for the Canadian oil and gas industry. As natural gas and oil prices have risen over the past two years petroleum companies have seen their profits increase dramatically.1 Domestic exploration is at unprecedented levels and investment in convention oil and gas production is increasing. It is also the worst of times for Canada’s oil and gas industry. Uncertainty, competition, and costs have created a situation of mounting uncertainty. Prices for oil and gas remain unstable, foreign investments are subject to increasing domestic and international scrutiny, aboriginal land claims threaten to disrupt domestic exploration and production, and the Kyoto Protocol to the United nations Framework Concention on Climate Change2 posses extra costs in an increasingly competitive world market for oil. Reserves in the Atlantic Offshore, moreover, have proven to be more elusive while conventional supplies of oil and natural gas are in decline and the massive reserves of the oil sands and heavy oil in western Canada have proven to be far more expensive to recover than oil from the middle east. The present may be profitable but the future holds little promise. The political-economic situation of uncertainty is framed within the context of competing ideologies and policies of the federal and producing provinces. The most contentious issue within the Canadian oil and gas industry is the Kyoto Protocol To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change.