DOCSLIB.ORG

Gwilliam Michael

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gwilliam Michael Assessing the role of the Benguela Current as a major biogeographic barrier to marine coastal fishes. Michael Gwilliam A thesis submitted to Aberystwyth University in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences Aberystwyth University 2016 Declaration Word Count of thesis: 55,923 This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Candidate name MICHAEL GWILLIAM Signature: Date 25/12/2016 STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Where *correction services have been used, the extent and nature of the correction is clearly marked in a footnote(s). Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signature: Date 25/12/2016 [*this refers to the extent to which the text has been corrected by others] STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signature: Date 25/12/2016 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank first and foremost my Supervisor Professor Paul Shaw and Dr Niall McKeown. They have both been of exceptional help in writing this thesis in what at times were not ideal circumstances for me. Additionally they have ensured I haven’t gone too far off the academic rails over the last few years. I would also like to thank the help of my colleagues in the Shaw Lab namely Dr Max Blake (soon to be Dr) and Amy Rainbow Unicorn Moonchild Healey for all their help and discussions during the last few years. In particular I would like to acknowledge their help over the last couple of days to ensure submission of this thesis! Our (retired) lab assistant Alun Evans has also been of great help in ensuring the smooth operation of the laboratory work and a great source of advice in where to find and get things done in Aber! I would also like to thank my colleague Dr Hayley Watson for all her help and advice, particularly for initially showing me and Max how to genotype microsatellites (admittedly after being bribed with a bottle of rosé). My Colleagues in South Africa Dr Warren Potts and Alex Winkler have been integral to this project and to whom (along with their colleagues) I would have none of my southern African samples. I would also like to recognise Dr Olgac Guven for collecting my Turkey outgroup samples which have proved invaluable in subsequent analyses. Many thanks also to Sean Roche and the ‘Celtic Spirit’ for attaining our Aberystwyth samples of Black Seabream. My parents have also been of immense help the last couple of years and somewhat integral in ensuring I kept with the PhD to get it submitted! My Friends and family have also been of great help in keeping me motivated. Many Thanks to you all! 3 Dedicated to my late friend Torin Lakeman. Abstract Contemporary biodiversity has been shaped by interactions between intrinsic characters of organisms and extrinsic environmental features that often cannot be reliably predicted. Regions where many species boundaries coincide represent intriguing systems to disentangle factors underpinning eco-evolutionary divergence with relevance to the understanding of how species may respond to climate change. Such regions often harbour complex patterns of inter- and intra-specific biodiversity that are taxonomically challenging. The Benguela cold upwelling system (BCS) has emerged as a major biogeographic barrier promoting and maintaining differences between the Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific Ocean coastal fauna. This research assessed nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation and applying population genetic and phylogeographic analytical frameworks assessed divergence across the BCS in a number of coastal Sea Bream species (Sparidae). In conjunction with available morphological and ecological data, the results support species level divergence across the BCS in what were previously regarded as conspecific populations in both Spondyliosoma and Diplodus cervinus / hottentotus and direct taxonomic rearrangement. The data also support the potential inadequacy of mtDNA COI barcoding for species discovery in the region due to variable interspecific coalescent depths. Lithognathus mormyrus and Sarpa salpa revealed similar phylogeographic patterns with (1) distinct African and Atlantic / Mediterranean and (2) divergence across the BCS. Phylogenetic analysis supported the ancestral status of African clades and the potential of an Angolan glacial refuge. A salient feature of the results was the signature of historical and largely asymmetric gene flow across the BCS from South Africa to Angola. This episodic permeability has implications for unexpected species’ responses to climate change which are discussed. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the dynamic role of the BCS in shaping marine biodiversity in both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions. 5 Contents Declaration ................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................ 9 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Molecular genetic markers ................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Microsatellites ................................................................................................ 10 1.2.2 Microsatellite models of evolution ................................................................. 11 1.2.3 mtDNA ........................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Population structure of marine organisms ....................................................... 12 1.3.1 Landscape genetics and phylogeography ....................................................... 13 1.3.2 Applying terrestrial population genetics concepts to the sea ......................... 14 1.3.3 Case Study: Mediterranean Sea ...................................................................... 16 1.3.4 Life history strategies ..................................................................................... 18 1.3.5 Life history characteristics: Sex change ......................................................... 19 1.3.6 Speciation in marine systems ......................................................................... 21 1.3.7 Speciation in the sea ....................................................................................... 22 1.4 The study system: the Benguela Current .......................................................... 23 1.5 Overall project structure and aims ................................................................... 31 1.5.1 Key issues and questions to be resolved ......................................................... 32 Chapter 2: Genetic evidence for cryptic speciation across marine biogeographic boundaries in the Sparid genus Spondyliosoma. ................................................ 34 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 34 2.1.1 Study species - Spondyliosoma spp. ............................................................... 35 2.1.2 Aims and objectives. ....................................................................................... 39 2.2 Methods ................................................................................................................ 40 2.2.1 Sampling and DNA extraction ....................................................................... 40 2.2.2 Mitochondrial DNA markers .......................................................................... 42 2.2.3 mtDNA data analysis ...................................................................................... 42 2.2.4 Demographic analyses .................................................................................... 44 2.2.5 Microsatellite DNA markers .......................................................................... 45 2.2.6 Microsatellite analysis .................................................................................... 48 2.2.7 Power Analysis ............................................................................................... 49 2.3 Results .................................................................................................................. 51 2.3.1 Mitochondrial DNA diversity ......................................................................... 51 2.3.2 Phylogenetics .................................................................................................. 53 2.3.3 mtDNA population structuring ....................................................................... 64 2.3.4 Demographic tests .......................................................................................... 66 2.3.5 Nuclear Microsatellite DNA diversity and structuring .................................. 67 6 2.3.6 Power Analysis ............................................................................................... 73 2.4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index INDEX Note: page numbers in italics refer to fi gures, those in bold refer to tables and boxes. abducens nerve 55 activity cycles 499–522 inhibition 485 absorption effi ciency 72 annual patterns 515, 516, 517–22 interactions 485–6 abyssal zone 393 circadian rhythms 505 prey 445 Acanthaster planci (Crown-of-Thorns Starfi sh) diel patterns 499, 500, 501–2, 503–4, reduction 484 579 504–7 aggressive mimicry 428, 432–3 Acanthocybium (Wahoo) 15 light-induced 499, 500, 501–2, 503–4, aggressive resemblance 425–6 Acanthodii 178, 179 505 aglomerular 52 Acanthomorpha 284–8, 289 lunar patterns 507–9 agnathans Acanthopterygii 291–325 seasonal 509–15 gills 59, 60 Atherinomorpha 293–6 semilunar patterns 507–9 osmoregulation 101, 102 characteristics 291–2 supra-annual patterns 515, 516, 517–22 phylogeny 202 distribution 349, 350 tidal patterns 506–7 ventilation 59, 60 jaws 291 see also migration see also hagfi shes; lampreys Mugilomorpha 292–3, 294 adaptive response 106 agnathous fi shes see jawless fi shes pelagic 405 adaptive zones 534 agonistic interactions 83–4, 485–8 Percomorpha 296–325 adenohypophysis 91, 92 chemically mediated 484 pharyngeal jaws 291 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 57 sound production 461–2 phylogeny 292, 293, 294 adipose fi n 35 visual 479 spines 449, 450 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 92 agricultural chemicals 605 Acanthothoraciformes 177 adrianichthyids 295 air breathing 60, 61–2, 62–4 acanthurids 318–19 adult fi shes 153, 154, 155–7 ammonia production 64, 100–1 Acanthuroidei 12, 318–19 death 156–7 amphibious 60 Acanthurus bahianus
    [Show full text]
  • Poisoning by Edible Fish
    246 JAccid Emerg Med 1997;14:246-251 REVIEW J Accid Emerg Med: first published as 10.1136/emj.14.4.246 on 1 July 1997. Downloaded from Ichthyosarcotoxism: poisoning by edible fish Iain C Grant The term ichthyosarcotoxism describes a variety cause different syndromes, and even within a of conditions arising as the result of poisoning recognised single disease entity there may be by fish flesh. Poisoning by shellfish and other wide variation in symptoms depending on the invertebrates is excluded, as is bacterial food fish eaten or the geographical area. All of this poisoning from contaminated fish. Although makes classification very difficult and conse- most of the conditions are experienced mainly quently no recognised classification exists. in warmer climates than Britain's, one form of Table 1 shows an attempt to classify the condi- fish poisoning is relatively common here, and tions by the type of clinical features and symp- others may be imported, either through toms usually seen. This arrangement is simpli- imported fish or by travellers. The conditions fied and there is some overlap between could present to any accident and emergency conditions, but for the physician faced with a (A&E) department, and increased awareness patient with likely fish poisoning it gives some of these disease entities may improve diagnosis guidance towards a specific diagnosis. and management. It has been suggested that the features of It has long been known that some normally ciguatera, tetraodon, and paralytic shellfish edible fish species may from time to time cause poisoning are similar and that these should be poisoning.
    [Show full text]
  • Victor Buchet
    Master‘s thesis Impact assessment of invasive flora species in Posidonia oceanica meadows on fish assemblage: an influence on local fisheries? The case study of Lipsi Island, Greece. Victor Buchet Advisor: Michael Honeth University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjörður, September 2014 Supervisory Committee Advisor: - Micheal Honeth, Tobacco Caye Marine Station, Belize. Reader: - Zoi I. Konstantinou, MSc. - Ph.D. Program Director: - Dagný Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Victor Buchet Impact assessment of invasive flora species in Posidonia oceanica meadows on fish assemblage: an influence on local fisheries? The case study of Lipsi Island, Greece. 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Suðurgata 12, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2014 Buchet All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, Reykjavík, September 2014 ii Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. Victor Buchet Student‘s name iii Abstract Seagrasses are one of the most valuable coastal ecosystems with regards to biodiversity and ecological services, whose diminishing presence plays a significant role in the availability of resources for local communities and human well-being. At the same time, Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are considered as one of the biggest threats to marine worldwide biodiversity. In the Mediterranean, the issue of IAS is one which merits immediate attention; where habitat alteration caused by the human-mediated arrival of new species is a common concern.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Food Mirrobiolog and There Have Been a Few Recorded Outbreaks As a Result of Fungal Contamination In
    microorganisms or foreign matter. In simple terms, the presence in food of harmful, Food Contaminant unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, this may be chemicals, - microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage, is food contamination. Codex Alimentarius (or food code elaborated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization) defines , 'food contamination' as any substance not intentionally added to food, which is present in such food as a result of the production (including operations carried out in crop husbandv, animal husbandv and veterinary medicine), manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food as a result of environmental contamination. In day to day practice, our food can get contaminated by the water used for cooking or washing, by the soil in which the food is grown, by the container used for storage, preparation and service, by the personnel handling the food at various stages etc. During recent years, the problem of dioxin contaminated chickens, hormone injected cattle, genetically modified varieties of maize such as star link, animal carcasses used to make animal feed and subsequent mad cow disease among animals consuming such feed, pesticide residue containing mineral water and soft drinks of popular brand etc. had received considerable media attention. The list of contaminated food is getting longer and longer. Contaminants in foodstuffs can chiefly be classified as physical, biological and chemical contaminants. Physical contaminants include extraneous matter such as sand, soil, hair etc. Biological contaminants consist of microorganisms such as fungi and their metabolic products. Chemical contaminants, on the other hand, are the products of fast growing modem technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Conference on “Building a Future for Sustainable Small-Scale
    FAO ISSN 2070-6103 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 58 Regional Conference on building a future for sustainable small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 7–9 March 2016 Algiers, Algeria Cover photograph: Small-scale fisheries in Bosa Marina, Sardinia, Italy ©GFCM/Aurora Nastasi FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE PROCEEDINGS 58 Regional Conference on building a future for sustainable small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 7–9 March 2016 Algiers, Algeria Edited by Abdellah Srour Executive Secretary, GFCM Anna Carlson Consultant for socio-economics issues, GFCM Aurora Nastasi Consultant for environmental issues, GFCM Coline Carmignac Editing and language consultant, GFCM Dominique Bourdenet Scientific editor/translator, GFCM Julia Pierraccini Editing and language consultant, GFCM Margherita Sessa Fishery liaison officer, GFCM and Nicola Ferri Fishery Officer (Institutional and Legal matters), GFCM FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • Nushreen Jeenally Albion Fisheries Research Centre Mauritius
    Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs Status of fish toxicity project in Mauritius Nushreen Jeenally Albion Fisheries Research Centre Mauritius Musée océanographique - Monaco, 9th to 12th April Country profile Land Area 1,864 Sq. Km The EEZ of Mauritius has a Capital Port Louis reasonable stock of various fish, including pelagic and demersal Population 1.26 million species. Fisheries resources GDP per Capita USD 9,904.6 (2017 exploited include the island- estimate) based artisanal fisheries (lagoon Seafood industry 1.5% of national and offlagoon), Fish Aggregating GDP Devices (FADs) fishery (off- Exclusive 2.3 million Km² Economic Zone (including approx. lagoon), the offshore demersal 400,000 Km² jointly fishery of the banks of the managed with the Mascarene Plateau and the Seychelles) Chagos Archipelago, and the Coastline of 250 km Mauritius tuna fishery in the Western Coral reef 150 km Indian Ocean (industrial fisheries). Currency Mauritian Rupees 1 USD = MUR 36 Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs/ MOW Musée océanographique - Monaco, 9th to 12th April Ministry of Ocean Economy, Marine Resources, Fisheries and Shipping VISION To be an economic pillar with due regard to sustainability of aquatic resources and social development for the benefit of all stakeholders. MISSION To provide an enabling environment for the promotion of sustainable development of the fisheries sector and to ensure continued economic growth and social development within the framework of good governance. Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs/ MOW Musée océanographique - Monaco, 9th to 12th April Albion Fisheries Research Center (AFRC) The AFRC carries out the research, development and management functions of the Ministry of Ocean Economy, Marine Resources, Fisheries and Shipping - constructed and equipped with Japanese assistance in three phases between 1981 to 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Aliens in the Mediterranean 5
    Invasions of alien species pose a serious threat to the unique Mediterranean biodiversity aliensin the Mediterranean Caulerpa racemosa is a fast growing macroalgae native to Western Australia. It was introduced in the Mediterranean by shipping and aquarium trade related activities and nowadays extensive populations are found along the Mediterranean coastline. It is known to attain total coverage in certain areas within six months of entry, out-competing other native macroalgae and causing drastic changes in the composition of the phytobenthos. Photo © Dimitris Poursanidis / terraSolutions (www.terrasolutions.eu) The Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE) is a non-profit Federation of 126 Mediterranean NGOs for Environment and Development. MIO-ECSDE acts as a technical and political platform for the presentation of views and intervention of NGOs in the Mediterranean scene and plays an active role for the protection of the environment and the promotion of the sustainable development of the Mediterranean region and its countries. © MIO-ECSDE 2013 Kyrristou 12, 10556 Athens, Greece T: +30210-3247490, -3247267, F: +30210 3317127, E: [email protected], URL: www.mio-ecsde.org Written by: Thomais Vlachogianni, Milan Vogrin, Michael Scoullos Editor-in-Chief: Michael Scoullos Text editing: Anastasia Roniotes Layout & artwork: Pavlina Alexandropoulou The authors would like to thank Nadia Papadopoulou and Argyro Zenetos for their kind assistance and valuable advice, as well as Dimitris Poursanidis and Thanos Dailianis for granting us permission to use their photos. ISBN:978-960-6793-11-0 This publication has been produced within the framework of the DG Environment programme for operating grants to European environmental NGOs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Marine Bony Fishes of the Gaza Strip, Palestine
    The Islamic University of Gaza الجــــــــــامعة اﻹســــــــــﻻميـة بغــــــــــــــــــزة Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies عمادة البحث العممي والدراسات العميا Faculty of Science كــــميـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــة العـمـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــوم Biological Sciences Master Program ماجـســــــــتيـر العمــــــــــــــوم الحـياتيــــــــــة )Zoology) عمـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــم حيـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــوا A Survey of Marine Bony Fishes of the Gaza Strip, Palestine ِـخ ٌﻷؿّان اؼٌظٍّح اٌثذغٌح فً لطاع غؼج، فٍـطٍٓ By Huda E. Abu Amra B.Sc. Biology Supervised by Dr. Abdel Fattah N. Abd Rabou Associate Professor of Environmental Sciences A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Science (Zoology) August, 2018 إلــــــــــــــغاع أٔا اٌّىلغ أصٔاٖ ِمضَ اٌغؿاٌح اٌتً تذًّ اؼٌٕىاْ: A Survey of Marine Bony Fishes in the Gaza Strip, Palestine ِـخ ٌﻷؿّان اؼٌظٍّح اٌثذغٌح فً لطاع غؼج، فٍـطٍٓ أقش تأٌ يا اشرًهد عهّٛ ْزِ انشعانح إًَا ْٕ َراض جٓذ٘ انخاص، تاعرصُاء يا ذًد اﻹشاسج إنّٛ حٛصًا ٔسد، ٔأٌ ْزِ انشعانح ككم أٔ أ٘ جضء يُٓا نى ٚقذو يٍ قثم اٜخشٍٚ نُٛم دسجح أٔ نقة عهًٙ أٔ تحصٙ نذٖ أ٘ يؤعغح ذعهًٛٛح أٔ تحصٛح أخشٖ. Declaration I understand the nature of plagiarism, and I am aware of the University’s policy on this. The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the researcher's own work, and has not been submitted by others elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. اعى انطانثح ْذٖ عٛذ عٛذ أتٕ عًشج :Student's name انرٕقٛع Signature: Huda انراسٚخ Date: 8-8-2018 I ٔتٍجح اٌذىُ ػٍى أطغودح ِاجـتٍغ II Abstract The East Mediterranean Sea is home to a wealth of marine resources including the bony fishes (Class Osteichthyes), which constitute a capital source of protein worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Freshwater Mullets of Iran (Family Mugilidae)
    Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2016), 4(2): 75–130 Received: April 1, 2017 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: May 29, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2016.0 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review of the Freshwater Mullets of Iran (Family Mugilidae) Brian W. COAD Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada. Email: [email protected] Abstract: The systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the freshwater mullets of Iran are described, the species are illustrated, and a bibliography on these fishes in Iran is provided. Two species are found in the Caspian Sea basin as exotics (Chelon auratus, C. saliens), two species in southern Iranian fresh waters as native species (Mugil cephalus, Planiliza abu) and two species in brackish waters of rivers (Ellochelon vaigiensis, C. subviridis). Keywords: Biology, Morphology, Mugilidae, Chelon, Ellochelon, Liza, Mugil, Planiliza. Citation: Coad, B.W. (2017). Review of the freshwater mullets of Iran (Family Mugilidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 4 (2): 75-130. Introduction number of species are recorded as entering the rivers The freshwater ichthyofauna of Iran comprises a of southern Iran from the Persian Gulf and Sea of diverse set of families and species distributed in Oman although identification is not always certain different basins (Fig. 1). These form important and only two are described here (Ellochelon elements of the aquatic ecosystem and a number of vaigiensis and Planiliza subviridis). Examples of species are of commercial or other significance. The other Persian Gulf estuarine records include literature on these fishes is widely scattered, both in Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775) and P.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Fishes Hallucinate Human Folks?
    Open Access Archive of Food and Nutritional Science Mini Review Do Fishes Hallucinate Human Folks? Dinesh R1*, Sherry Abraham2, Kathiresan K1, Susitharan V1, ISSN Jeyapavithran C1, Paul Nathaniel T1 and Siva Ganesh P1 2575-0194 1Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India 2Independent Research Scholar, Palliparambil, Punnapra PO, Alappuzha, Kerala, India *Address for Correspondence: Dinesh R, Fisheries College and Research Institute, ABSTRACT Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India, Email: [email protected] Hallucinogenic fi shes are fi shes that can create hallucinations if their tissue is ingested. These incorporate Submitted: 01 August 2017 certain types of fi sh found in a several parts of the tropics. The impacts of eating hallucinogenic fi shes are Approved: 11 August 2017 rumored to be comparative in a few viewpoints to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Published: 11 August 2017 The encounters may incorporate distinctive sound-related and visual hallucinations. This has offered ascend to the collective common name “dream fi sh” for hallucinogenic fi sh. Sarpa salpa, a species of sea bream, is Copyright: 2017 Dinesh R, et al. This is commonly claimed to be hallucinogenic. In 2006, two men who apparently ate the fi sh experienced mind fl ights an open access article distributed under the going on for a few days. It is misty whether the poisons are delivered by the fi sh themselves or by marine algae Creative Commons Attribution License, which in their diet. permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION Keywords: Fish; Hallucination; Salema porgy; Lysergic acid diethylamide; Dimethyltryptamine Evil hallucinations, both sound-related and visual, describe the marvel known as ichthyoallyeinotoxism, an uncommon harming following the ingestion of certain ish species [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety Practices for Aquaculture Food Safety Practices for Aquaculture Introduction
    Training Modules on Food Safety Practices for Aquaculture Food Safety Practices for Aquaculture Introduction This module is part of a training program on Food Safety Practices for the Aquaculture Industry. This program was developed through a partnership facilitated by the Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN) of the Food Safety Cooperation Forum (FSCF) of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum. The educational content was designed by faculty at Michigan State University. Funding for this effort was provided by The World Bank Group. To learn more about the APEC FSCF Partnership Training Institute Network, please visit http://fscf-ptin.apec.org/ . 2013 APEC Secretariat, Michigan State University and The World Bank Group. Overview The aquaculture sector is among the most important and rapidly growing sectors of the global agrifood system. Production of aquaculture products is not only increasingly important as a key source of protein to feed the world’s population, but also is of tremendous importance as a trade good in global commerce. This is particularly true for APEC economies, which accounted for 10 of the 15 leading producers of aquaculture products in 2008. These learning modules are focused on food safety requirements for the global aquaculture sector. The Codex Alimentarius Commission’s “Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products” (CAC/RCP 52- 2003) serves as the basis for the educational content in the modules. This concepts addressed in these modules build upon those addressed in “Training Modules on General Food Safety Plans for the Food Industry,” a sister curriculum which covers general food safety considerations for the global food industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Consumption Survey
    FAO SmartFish Publication 30 FISH CONSUMPTION SURVEY Mauritius Cover photograph courtesy of FAO and FAO SmartFish, Davide Signa REPORT/RAPPORT: SF-FAO/2013/30 Fish Consumption Survey Mauritius GCP/RAF/466/EC SmartFish Project Fishermen Investment Trust. 2013. Fish Consumption Survey, Mauritius Report/Rapport: SF-FAO/2013/30. FAO-SmartFish Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission, Ebene, Mauritius. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorit ies, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union © FAO 2013 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]