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Religion and Ethics Senior 2 Student Book RELIGION AND ETHICS SENIOR 2 STUDENT BOOK Kigali January 2019 Copyright © 2019 Rwanda Education Board All rights reserved This book is the property of Rwanda Education Board. Credit should be given to the authors when the source of this book is quoted. ii Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book FOREWORD Dear Student, Rwanda Education Board is honoured to present to you this Religion and Ethics book for Senior two which serves as a guide to competence-based teaching and learning to ensure consistency and coherence in the learning of Religion and Ethics subject. The Rwandan educational philosophy is to ensure that you achieve full potential at every level of education which will prepare you to be well integrated in society and exploit employment opportunities. The government of Rwanda emphasizes the importance of aligning teaching and learning materials with the syllabus to facilitate your learning process. Many factors influence what you learn, how well you learn and the competences you acquire. Those factors include the instructional materials available among others. Special attention was paid special attention to the activities that facilitate the learning process in which you can develop your ideas and make new discoveries during concrete activities carried out individually or with peers. In competence-based curriculum, learning is considered as a process of active building and developing knowledge and meanings by the learner where concepts are mainly introduced by an activity, a situation or a scenario that helps the learner to construct knowledge, develop skills and acquire positive attitudes and values. For effective use of this textbook, your role is to: • Work on given activities which lead to the development of skills • Share relevant information with other learners through presentations, discussions, group work and other active learning techniques such as role play, case studies, investigation and research in the library, from the internet or from your community; • Participate and take responsibility for your own learning; • Draw conclusions based on the findings from the learning activities. Specifically, this book is majorly divided into two parts: Christian religion and Ethics and Islamic religion and Ethics. Though both parts are in the same textbook, schools will choose to teach one part only, depending on what Religion they have chosen. You will be able to develop skills, attitudes and values imbedded in Religion and Ethics of the chosen part with opportunity of exploring other content presented in the same book. Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book iii I wish to sincerely extend my appreciation to the people who contributed towards the development of this book, particularly REB staff who organized the whole process from its inception. Special gratitude goes to the University of Rwanda which provided experts in design and layout services, illustrations and image anti- plagiarism, lecturers and teachers who diligently worked to successful completion of this book. Any comment or contribution would be welcome for the improvement of this textbook for the next edition. Dr. NDAYAMBAJE Irénée Director General, REB iv Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my appreciation to all the people who played a major role in development of this Entrepreneurship textbook for senior five. It would not have been successful without active participation of different education stakeholders. I owe gratitude to different Universities and schools in Rwanda that allowed their staff to work with REB in the in-house textbooks production project. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to lecturers, teachers and all other individuals (content providers and illustrators) whose efforts in one way or the other contributed to the success of writing of this textbook. Special acknowledgement goes to the University of Rwanda which provided content providers, quality assurers, validators as well as experts in design and layout services, illustrations and image anti-plagiarism. Finally, my word of gratitude goes to the Rwanda Education Board staff particularly those from the department of curriculum who were involved in the whole process of in-house textbook writing. Joan MURUNGI, Head of Department CTLR Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book v Contents FOREWORD iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v PART ONE : CHRISTIAN RELIGION AND ETHICS x UNIT 1: THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD 2 1.1 Definition and Categorization of Attributes of God 3 1.2 The Infinite Nature and Self-Existence of God 4 1.3. The Omnipresence and Omnipotence of God 6 1.4. The Omniscience of God 8 1.5. The holiness and immutability of God 9 1.6 The Mercifulness of God 1 2 UNIT 2: RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND UNITY IN DIVERSITY 1 6 2.1 Christian Beliefs 1 7 2.2 Other World Religions 2 5 2.3 Sectarian Movements and their Impacts in Rwandan society 2 9 UNIT 3 : THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH 3 4 3.1 Nature, Foundation and Mission of the Church 3 5 3.2 The Great Commission of the Church (Matthew 28:18-20) 3 8 3.3 The Practice of Mission in the Early Christian Church 3 9 3.4 The Current Church and its Mission 4 1 UNIT 4: REPENTANCE AND FORGIVENESS 4 4 4.1 Sin and its Effects 4 5 4.2. Roots of Sins 4 7 4.3 Steps to Genuine Repentance 5 0 4.4. Forgiveness and Mercy of God 5 3 4.5 Aspects of Spiritual Reconciliation 5 6 UNIT 5: THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY 6 0 5.1 The Family in God’s Plan 6 0 5.2 Roles, Rights and Responsibilities of the Family Members 6 2 5.3. The Christian Family and Contribution to Spiritual Development 6 5 5.4 Problems Facing Rwandan Families Today 6 5 vi Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book 5.5 Marriage and Family Planning 6 6 UNIT 6: PEACE, SECURITY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION 7 2 6.1. Peace and Security 72 6.2 . Relationship between Love, Peace and Security 7 6 6.3 The Obstacles of Inner Peace 7 7 6.4 Conflict Resolution Methods and Active Non-violence methods 7 9 6.5 Peace and Leadership in God’s Plan 8 4 SPECIFIC UNIT FOR PROTESTANTS 8 7 UNIT 1: EVANGELICAL BAPTISM 9 0 1.1 Meaning of Baptism 9 1 1.2 Repentance, Faith and the Gift of the Holy Spirit 9 3 1.3 Main Acts in the Baptismal rite and their Meaning 9 4 1.4 Effects of Baptism 9 5 1.5 Spiritual Renewal and the Fruits of the Holy Spirit 9 6 1.6 The fruits of Baptism 9 6 UNIT 1: SACRAMENT OF EUCHARIST 100 1.1 Meaning of the Sacrament of Eucharist 101 1.2 Institution, Candidate and Reiteration of Eucharist 102 1.3 Main Elements of the Eucharist 104 1.4 Effects of the Eucharist: Union with Christ 105 1.5 Spiritual Growth 106 UNIT 2: ADVENT-PENTECOST 110 2.1. The meaning of litugical year (calendar, rites and cycles) 110 2.2 Main Periods and Festivals: The Advent period and Periods of Christmas 113 2.3 Ordinary Times 114 2.4 Lent Period and Holy Week 115 2.5 Season of Easter 118 2.6 The Pentecost 119 2.7 Liturgical Colors and their Meaning 120 2.8 Celebration of the Festivals 121 PART TWO: ISLAMIC RELIGION AND ETHICS 126 UNIT 1: THE TWO TESTIMONIES AS THE FIRST PILLAR OF ISLAM 128 Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book vii 1.1 The meaning and importance of the two testimonies 128 1.2. The meaning of the first testimony (Ashahadu an Laa ilaaha ila llaahu). 129 1.3. The meaning of the second testimony “wa ash-hadu ana Muhammadan Rasulullah” 130 1.4. The importance of the two testimonies 132 1.5. The pillars of Islam, conditions, and nullifiers of the two testimonies 133 1.6. Conditions of the two testimonies 137 1.7 Nullifiers of the two testimonies 138 1.8. Oneness of Allah (La ilaaha ila llah) 139 1.9. Allah the only true God (La ilaha ila llah) 140 1.10. The worship of Allah and respect for His creatures 141 1.11. Obedience to Prophet Muhammad is a must to All Muslims 146 UNIT 2: THE MISSION OF ISLAM (DAAWAT IN ISLAM) 150 2.1. Meaning of daawat and the manners of carrying it out 150 2.2. Importance of Daawat 151 2.3 .The manners of carrying out Daawat 152 2.4. The Virtues of doing Daawat 153 2.5 . The duties of ordering the good and forbidding evil 154 2.6. Qualities of a successful preacher 155 2.7. Peaceful co-existence and relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims. 157 UNIT 3: THE EMPHASIS ON RULINGS OF ALL SWALAAT 160 3.1. Rules of water and answering the call of nature in Islam 160 3.2. Rules on Ablution (Wudwu-u) and impure things. 162 3.3. Purification from physical impurity (Major ritual impurity). 164 3.4. Wiping over the leather socks (Khufain), socks and splints. 166 3.5. Rulings on dry ablution (Tayammum). 167 3.6. The preliminary steps of Swalat. 168 3.7. The pillars, obligatory parts and voluntary parts (Sunnats) of Swalaat 170 3.8. The Two Prostrations of Forgetfulness 175 3.9. Acts which invalidate the prayer and acts which are disliked during the prayer. 176 3.10. The prayer of the traveller and the sick. 177 UNIT 4: ISLAM AND DEVELOPMENT 180 viii Religion and Ethics Senior 2 student book 4.1. Inclusiveness of Islam 180 4.2. The finality of Prophethood 182 4.3. Obedience to Prophet Muhammad is a obligation for Muslims 183 Learning Activity: 4.3 183 4.4. Islam as a submission to Allah’s Will 186 4.5.
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