Kalat District Education Plan (2016-17 to 2020-21)
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THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC of PAKISTAN ARTICLE 19 And
THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN ARTICLE 19 and BoloBhi’s Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review For consideration at the fourteenth session of the UPR Working Group, October-November 2012 Executive Summary 1. ARTICLE 19: Global Campaign for Free Expression (ARTICLE 19) is an international, freedom of expression organization with an observer status with ECOSOC. ARTICLE 19 has a regional office for South Asia based in Bangladesh and has been actively engaged in issues relating to freedom of expression and information in Pakistan for over 12 years. BoloBhi is a not-for-profit organization that was set up to focus on the areas of Advocacy, Policy and Research and has been speaking up for Internet freedom, human rights, women's rights, women's empowerment and against gender based violence. 2. During the first UPR review of Pakistan, numerous countries raised freedom of expression-related issues including on the use of the blasphemy laws and impunity relating to the murders and disappearances of journalists and human rights defenders. Pakistan accepted recommendations to “combat impunity for attacks on human rights defenders by effectively investigating allegations and by prosecuting those responsible” to “review laws and measures to ensure that restrictions imposed on freedom of expression are in conformity with the ICCPR to which Pakistan is signatory”, to effectively address repressing antiterrorism legislation on the work of human rights defenders, and to consider establishing national system of human rights defenders protection. -
Survey Report
SAVE THE NATURE SURVEY REPORT BALOCHISTAN BLACK BEARIN PAB HILL, DISTRICT KHUZDARBALOCHISTAN [November2013] [ INTRODUCTION Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, has a rich floral and faunal diversity. Despite its global importance it has never been explored in detail nor been managed properly. The ecosystems are being degraded, depleted and deteriorated mainly due to the absence of appropriate management practices. As a result critical habitats continue to be degraded and many species of global importance have either become extinct or are critically endangered. The government has limited reach to the wilderness areas of the province, and little capacity or resources to undertake conservation activities. The extent of the issues is further augmented in these areas of the province due to inaccessibility and lack of human resources with the custodian department. Overgrazing; cutting of scanty vegetation by outsiders for sale as for fuel; indiscriminate hunting and trade in wild species are common practice especially in the bordering districts. Besides poverty and unawareness, the other most serious deficiency in environmental policy-making in the province lies in the lack of adequate and specifically trained human resources, able to generate new or to tap traditional knowledge needed for effective policy and proper implementation of the decisions. HABITAT AND LOCALITY OF BLOCHISTAN BLACK BEAR WADH Sub-Tehsil of district Khuzdar, Balohistan is very famous for its unique natural resources. It is predominantly inhabited by Mengal Tribe of Balochistan. The climate of the area is semi-arid with warm summers and mild winters. The target area, like rest of the Balochistan is also rich in mineral resources. -
Balochistan Population - 2017 1998-2017 Area Population Average Population Average Admn - Unit Trans Urban (Sq
TABLE - 5 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF BALOCHISTAN POPULATION - 2017 1998-2017 AREA POPULATION AVERAGE POPULATION AVERAGE ADMN - UNIT TRANS URBAN (SQ. KM.) ALL SEXES MALE FEMALE SEX RATIO DENSITY HOUSEHOLD 1998 ANNUAL GENDER PROPORTION PER SQ. KM. SIZE GROWTH RATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BALOCHISTAN 347,190 12,335,129 6,483,736 5,850,613 780 110.82 35.53 27.62 6.87 6,565,885 3.37 RURAL 8,928,428 4,685,756 4,242,183 489 110.46 6.80 4,997,105 3.10 URBAN 3,406,701 1,797,980 1,608,430 291 111.78 7.06 1,568,780 4.16 AWARAN DISTRICT 29,510 121,821 63,063 58,749 9 107.34 4.13 28.10 6.61 118,173 0.16 RURAL 87,584 45,438 42,138 8 107.83 6.25 118,173 -1.56 URBAN 34,237 17,625 16,611 1 106.10 7.81 - - KALAT DISTRICT 8,416 412,058 211,806 200,251 1 105.77 48.96 17.57 7.38 237,834 2.93 RURAL 339,665 175,522 164,142 1 106.93 7.39 204,040 2.71 URBAN 72,393 36,284 36,109 - 100.48 7.30 33,794 4.08 KHARAN DISTRICT 14,958 162,766 84,631 78,135 - 108.31 10.88 31.57 6.56 96,900 2.76 RURAL 111,378 57,558 53,820 - 106.95 6.04 69,094 2.54 URBAN 51,388 27,073 24,315 - 111.34 8.05 27,806 3.28 KHUZDAR DISTRICT 35,380 798,896 419,351 379,468 77 110.51 22.58 34.52 6.59 417,466 3.47 RURAL 523,134 274,438 248,631 65 110.38 6.36 299,218 2.98 URBAN 275,762 144,913 130,837 12 110.76 7.06 118,248 4.55 LASBELA DISTRICT 15,153 576,271 301,204 275,056 11 109.51 38.03 48.92 6.21 312,695 3.26 RURAL 294,373 153,099 141,271 3 108.37 5.46 197,271 2.13 URBAN 281,898 148,105 133,785 8 110.70 -
Updated Stratigraphy and Mineral Potential of Sulaiman Basin, Pakistan
Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol.42 (2) 39-66 (2010) SURJ UPDATED STRATIGRAPHY AND MINERAL POTENTIAL OF SULAIMAN BASIN, PAKISTAN M. Sadiq Malkani Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch, Geological Survey of Pakistan, Sariab Road, Quetta, Pakistan Abstract Sulaiman (Middle Indus) Basin represents Mesozoic and Cainozoic strata and have deposits of sedimentary minerals with radioactive and fuel minerals. The new coal deposits and showings, celestite, barite, fluorite, huge gypsum deposits, marble (limestone), silica sand, glauconitic and hematitic sandstone (iron and potash), clays, construction stone are being added here. Sulaiman Basin was previously ignored for updating of stratigraphy and economic mineral potential. Here most of known information on Sulaiman Basin is compiled and presented along with new economic deposits. Keywords: Stratigraphy, Mineral deposits, Sulaiman Basin, Middle Indus Basin, Pakistan. 1. Introduction metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The study area is The Indus Basin which is a part of located in the central part of Pakistan (Fig.1a). Gondwanan lands (Southern Earth) is separated by an Previously, the Sulaiman Basin has received little Axial Belt (Suture Zone) from the Balochistan and attention, but this paper will add insights on updated Northern areas of Tethyan and Laurasian domains stratigraphy and new mineral discoveries. (northern earth). The Indus Basin (situated in the North-western part of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent) is 2. Materials and Methods located in the central and eastern part of Pakistan and The materials belong to collected field data, further subdivided in to upper (Kohat and Potwar), during many field seasons like lithology, structure, middle (Sulaiman) and Lower (Kirthar) basins. The stratigraphy and mineral commodities (Figs. -
IEE Report for Drilling Activities at Kalat Block Of
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Drilling Activities in Kalat Block 2866 -2, Balochistan Final Report July, 2020 Ref. No. IEE/02/05/20 EMC PAKISTAN PVT. LTD. 503, Anum Estate, Opp. Duty Free Shop, Main Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi. Phones: 9221-34311466, 34324680, Fax: 9221-34311467. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.emc.com.pk Disclaimer: This report has Attorney – Client Privilege. EMC Pakistan Private Limited has prepared this report in accordance the information provided by Project Owners “Pakistan Petroleum Limited” for their sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. This report cannot be used in the court of law for any negotiation or standardization. © EMC Pakistan Pvt. Limited 2020. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Drilling Activities in Kalat Block 2866-2, Balochistan ACRONYMS IEE Initial Environmental Examination CC Construction Contractor HSE Health Safety and Environment COD Chemical Oxygen Demand BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency GOP Government of Pakistan IFC International Financial Corporation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature LAA Land Acquisition Act NCS National Conservation Strategy NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards PPL Pakistan Petroleum Limited PLGO Province Local Government Ordinance E & P Exploration and production UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific& Cultural Organization WHO World Health Organization EMC Pakistan Private Limited Acronyms Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Drilling Activities in Kalat Block 2866-2, Balochistan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document presents the findings of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) carried out by EMC Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited for the project “Drilling Activities in Kalat Block (2866-2), Balochistan” proposed by Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) with an objective to explore the hydrocarbon reservoirs underlying the area. -
Balochistan Province Report on Mouza Census 2008
TABLE 1 NUMBER OF KANUNGO CIRCLES,PATWAR CIRCLES AND MOUZAS WITH STATUS NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MOUZAS KANUNGO CIRCLES/ PATWAR ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PARTLY UN- SUPER- CIRCLES/ TOTAL RURAL URBAN FOREST URBAN POPULATED VISORY TAPAS TAPAS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BALOCHISTAN 179 381 7480 6338 127 90 30 895 QUETTA DISTRICT 5 12 65 38 15 10 1 1 QUETTA CITY TEHSIL 2 6 23 7 9 7 - - QUETTA SADDAR TEHSIL 2 5 38 27 6 3 1 1 PANJPAI TEHSIL 1 1 4 4 - - - - PISHIN DISTRICT 6 17 392 340 10 3 8 31 PISHIN TEHSIL 3 6 47 39 2 1 - 5 KAREZAT TEHSIL 1 3 39 37 - 1 - 1 HURAM ZAI TEHSIL 1 4 16 15 - 1 - - BARSHORE TEHSIL 1 4 290 249 8 - 8 25 KILLA ABDULLAH DISTRICT 4 10 102 95 2 2 - 3 GULISTAN TEHSIL 1 2 10 8 - - - 2 KILLA ABDULLAH TEHSIL 1 3 13 12 1 - - - CHAMAN TEHSIL 1 2 31 28 1 2 - - DOBANDI SUB-TEHSIL 1 3 48 47 - - - 1 NUSHKI DISTRICT 2 3 45 31 1 5 - 8 NUSHKI TEHSIL 1 2 26 20 1 5 - - DAK SUB-TEHSIL 1 1 19 11 - - - 8 CHAGAI DISTRICT 4 6 48 41 1 4 - 2 DALBANDIN TEHSIL 1 3 30 25 1 3 - 1 NOKUNDI TEHSIL 1 1 6 5 - - - 1 TAFTAN TEHSIL 1 1 2 1 - 1 - - CHAGAI SUB-TEHSIL 1 1 10 10 - - - - SIBI DISTRICT 6 15 161 124 7 1 6 23 SIBI TEHSIL 2 5 35 31 1 - - 3 KUTMANDAI SUB-TEHSIL 1 2 8 8 - - - - SANGAN SUB-TEHSIL 1 2 3 3 - - - - LEHRI TEHSIL 2 6 115 82 6 1 6 20 HARNAI DISTRICT 3 5 95 81 3 3 - 8 HARNAI TEHSIL 1 3 64 55 1 1 - 7 SHARIGH TEHSIL 1 1 16 12 2 1 - 1 KHOAST SUB-TEHSIL 1 1 15 14 - 1 - - KOHLU DISTRICT 6 18 198 195 3 - - - KOHLU TEHSIL 1 2 37 35 2 - - - MEWAND TEHSIL 1 5 38 37 1 - - - KAHAN TEHSIL 4 11 123 123 - - - - DERA BUGTI DISTRICT 9 17 224 215 4 1 - 4 DERA BUGTI TEHSIL 1 -
Balochistan Province Reportlivestock Census 2006
TABLE 1. LIVESTOCK POPULATION AND DOMESTIC POULTRY BIRDS BY ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT NUMBER OF ANIMALS / POULTRY BIRDS ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT CATTLE BUFFALOES SHEEP GOATS CAMELS HORSES MULES ASSES POULTRY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE 2253581 319854 12804217 11784711 379528 59973 6256 471942 5911304 QUETTA DISTRICT 11244 25547 163799 120384 1377 297 106 3468 128331 PISHIN DISTRICT 91433 994 837233 504510 745 3343 467 21220 531751 KILLA ABDULLAH DISTRICT 53111 479 325020 115405 359 690 151 4008 291710 CHAGAI DISTRICT 6576 20 205725 299363 17543 100 83 4124 92931 SIBI DISTRICT 54709 6133 200946 208133 1866 2776 52 10473 254604 KOHLU DISTRICT 174167 1463 1306734 813575 58318 15755 2 53365 172462 DERA BUGTI DISTRICT 144860 6795 506095 775361 35573 11812 64 25135 185429 ZIARAT DISTRICT 1929 12 120054 138440 34 13 5 1029 50399 LORALAI DISTRICT 131806 4628 784961 331737 716 943 248 9150 252903 MUSA KHEL DISTRICT 197318 1650 977748 464126 17639 3588 96 21226 227770 BARKHAN DISTRICT 117286 2005 413840 155581 3930 2127 150 9507 155917 KILLA SAIFULLAH DISTRICT 69361 151 1066690 783624 21751 1359 270 21248 274313 ZHOB DISTRICT 178658 5524 1174735 875922 1010 370 168 18351 229782 JAFARABAD DISTRICT 268721 156427 241444 283922 8252 2929 2518 52713 507275 NASEERABAD DISTRICT 165765 84226 148501 213294 1871 1576 233 22848 292209 BOLAN DISTRICT 151736 4151 124569 766109 34401 4915 149 36325 352580 JHAL MAGSI DISTRICT 78294 4275 61295 298687 3898 3613 - 13703 157762 LASBELLA DISTRICT 101084 7980 367262 794296 32202 1857 581 26535 226710 MASTUNG DISTRICT 8628 456 466894 334906 2802 85 121 6770 218682 KALAT DISTRICT 31896 592 1239499 807608 10264 511 143 22370 331981 KHUZDAR DISTRICT 103375 5782 1105410 1036004 28006 832 185 46523 336416 AWARAN DISTRICT 18485 40 125772 344318 5335 59 20 6491 111486 KHARAN DISTRICT 14854 118 665903 635731 76069 138 8 11862 202230 KECH (TURBAT) DISTRICT 43433 306 64693 455391 6061 178 410 11060 208746 GAWADAR DISTRICT 12344 51 18363 88901 1432 12 18 4052 52893 PANJGUR DISTRICT 22508 49 91032 139383 8074 95 8 8386 64032 TABLE 2. -
Secondary Education Department Government of Balochistan 0
E3092v2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized (ESIA) Promoting Girls Education in Balochistan (PGEB) Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized (AUGUST 2012) Public Disclosure Authorized Project Director PROMOTING GIRLS EDUCATION IN BALOCHISTAN PROJECT SECONDARY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF BALOCHISTAN 0 Tel: + 92 81 9202102 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The present environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) study of the Promoting Girls Education in Balochistan (PGEB) project has been carried out in compliance with the national environmental laws of Pakistan and the World Bank Operational Policies (OPs). The ESIA delineates the environmental and social issues emerging from the PGEB project, identifies the potentially adverse environmental and social impacts of the project activities, and suggests appropriate mitigation measures to offset or reduce these impacts. The report also suggests guidelines for environmental enhancement opportunities available during various phases of project implementation to maximize the benefit to environment. The mitigation measures and guidelines have been organized in the form of an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) to be implemented by the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the PGEB project for avoiding or mitigating the significant environment and social impacts. 2. The scope of the study entails assessment of the environmental and social impacts of PGEB project activities in the selected 12 districts of the province including Kachhi, Loralai, Jhal Magsi, Khuzdar, Kalat, Lasbela, Jaferabad, Kech, Panjgur, Kila Saifullah, Pishin and Naseerabad districts. The project area spreads over from north to south of the province covering almost 138,011 square kilometers (40%) area of the province. The environmental and social assessment covers physical, biological and social impacts of project activities during various implementation stages from site selection and designing to construction and operational phase of the school buildings. -
Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan
Pakistan “We Can Torture, Kill, HUMAN RIGHTS or Keep You for Years” WATCH Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan “We Can Torture, Kill, or Keep You for Years” Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 156432-786-8 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 51, Avenue Blanc 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2011 1-56432-786-8 “We Can Torture, Kill, or Keep You for Years” Enforced Disappearances by Pakistan Security Forces in Balochistan Map of Balochistan .......................................................................................................................... i Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 6 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 9 I. -
Management Plan for Wild Ungulates in Balochistan Pakistan
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1991 Management plan for wild ungulates in Balochistan Pakistan Amjad Tahir Virk The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Virk, Amjad Tahir, "Management plan for wild ungulates in Balochistan Pakistan" (1991). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 7004. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/7004 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY Copying allowed as provided under provisions of the Fair Use Section of the U.S. COPYRIGHT LAW, 1976. Any copying for commercial purposes or financM gain may be underàken only with the author’s written consent. MontanaUniversity of Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WILD UNGULATES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN BY Amjad Tahir Virk B.S., University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, 1981 M.L.S., University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 1985 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1991 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School s 5 ~ ' Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
7.Samina and Nizam Article.Docx4.Pdf
IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1836-1840 Tamoor Khan et al ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEU TICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Research Article EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CHANGES IN FOUR SELECTED VARIETIES OF GRAPES UNDER THE CLIMATIC CONDITION OF BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE SaminaMengal*1, Nizam Baloch1, Tamoor Khan**2, Farida Behlil3, Mohammad Faheem1, Murad Bibi1, Rehana Yasmeen1, Hafsa2. 1Department of Chemistry, University of Baluchistan, Sariab Road Quetta, Pakistan. 2Faculty of Agriculture, Lesbela university of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan. 3Department of Chemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Brewery Road Quetta, Pakistan. Abstract: Present study was carried out in order to evaluate the chemical changes in the grape varieties i.e. Kishmishi, Sandokhani, Sahibi and Haita, which were grown in grape areas of the Balochistan province. The results reveal that best fruit quality on the basis of biochemical analysis was observed in Kishmishi and Sandokhani varieties in Quetta district. While Sahibi and Haita variety were the best varieties in Pishin district. Averaging best quality data were observed in Mastung district, while lowest quality fruits were observed in Kalat district. Key words: Biochemical Evaluation, Grapes varieties, Chemical changes Corresponding author: Tamoor Khan, QR code Faculty of Agriculture, Lesbela university of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Balochistan. E-Mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press as Tamoor Khan et al, Evaluation of Chemical Changes in Four Selected Varieties of Grapes under the Climatic Condition of Balochistan Province, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(07). www.iajps.com Page 1836 IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1836-1840 Tamoor Khan et al ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: Grapes (Vitis vinifera) belong to the family vitaceae. -
Kalat in Balochistan
Socio Economic Survey of Rural Households in Kalat, Balochistan Impact Assessment Unit Rural Support Programmes Network Islamabad Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Kalat, Balochistan Published in 2009 in Pakistan Author: Mohammad Asif Khan Edited: Mahvish Haider Ali Design & Layout:Muhammad Shahid Printed at:Mashaallah Printer, Islamabad Pakistan. Ph: 051-2872253 Copyrights C 2008 Rural Support Programmes Network House No 7, Street 49, F-6/4, Islamabad Tel: 92-51-2821736,2826792, 2829556, Fax:92-51-2829115 www.rspn.org MAP OF Zhob l eMs a h BALOCHISTAN K Qila Saifullah a la APishin l h u Qi bdu l Ziarat Loralai tta Que an Sibi Mastung Barkh Kohlu Chagai Bolan Kalat Dera Bugti ad ab Jhal sir Mags Na da b a Kharan J f ra a Khuzdar Panjgur Kech Awaran Lasbela Gwadar AREA 347,190 Km2 (44% of Pakistan) POPULATION 6.511 Million (1998) (5.1% of Pakistan) Balochistan Rural Support Programme Baseline Socio Economic Survey Kalat, Balochistan Mohammad Asif Khan, Agricultural Economist Acknowledgement The process of conducting the research, data collection, analysis and reporting was an extremely difficult and exhausting one. The collection of the field data was not an easy task and would not have been possible without the good team chosen from the field staff members of BRSP and the guidance and logistic support of Mr. Nadir Gul Barech, CEO BRSP. I wish to acknowledge the insightful support of the BRSP staff, especially Mr. Habibullah Nasir and Mr. Muhammad Qadeer, Regional Programme Officers, Kalat for the logistic support in the field and their valuable suggestions relating to data collection and analysis.