Rapid Protection Assessment Report Floods 2011

Protection Thematic Working Group 5 - 11 October 2011 Province, Pakistan

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary

I. Introduction ...... 7

II. Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………………9

III. Methodology ...... 10

Timeframe and Staffing...... 10

Geographic Scope and Site Selection...... 11

Population assessed and Data Collection...... 13

Community buy in, consultations and relevant assurances...... 15

Questionnaire ...... 16

Data Management ...... 16

Constraints ...... 16

IV. Identified Protection Concerns ...... 18

1. Access to Assistance...... 18

2. Safety and Security...... 20

3. Women...... 21

4. Children...... 23

5. Age and Disability...... 24

V. Recommendations ...... 28

VI. Note on Inclusion of Protection in Rapid Response Plan ...... 31

2 List of Acronyms

Abbreviation Explanations

AGDM Age Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming BBSA Balochistan Boys Scouts Association BHU Basic Health Unit CBO Community Based Organization CNIC Computerized National Identity Cards CRS Catholic Relief Services DANESH Drugs and Narcosis Educational Services and Humanity DDMA District Disaster Management Authority FGD Focus Group Discussion GBV Gender Based Violence IDP Internally Displaced Person INGOs International Non-governmental Organization IRC International Rescue Committee NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NGO Non-governmental Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PEP Post Exposure Prophylaxis RC/ HC Resident Coordinator/ Humanitarian Coordinator RNA Rapid Needs Assessment RPA Rapid Protection Assessment SEHER Society for Empowering Human Resource SRF Standard Reporting Form TAT Technical Assistance Team UC Union Council UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office of Coordination for Humanitarian Affairs WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WFP World Food program

3 Executive Summary

The Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) was undertaken from 5-11 October 2011 covering 80 “sites” 1 in 17 Tehsils across the nine most flood affected districts of Balochistan Province including (Pishin, Nasirabad, Jafarabad, Loralai, Killa Saifullah, Lasbella, Kalat, and Kachhi Bolan). Nearly 4000 individuals from flood affected districts participated through a total of 392 interviews (250 focus group discussions and 142 key informants’ interviews -which included community leaders/ representatives, women groups and local authorities etc). RPA was conducted by a stand-by roster of enumerators and data managers trained under the Protection Early Recovery Thematic Working Group 2 emergency preparedness plan. At the request of the government for relief assistance and technical assistance on a rapid needs assessment, the stand-by RPA roster was activated and deployed to the affected districts to collect the protection related data for 7 days.

The overall goal of the RPA is to understand protection situations that flood affected populations in Balochistan are facing, with particular focus on the most vulnerable and to highlight protection gaps needed to be addressed. The RPA is also intended to incorporate key protection concerns into the flood response plan and formulate recommendations, including activation of the protection cluster and protection mainstreaming in other clusters to effectively address the expressed needs.

Key Findings

Lack of assistance and/or limited access to available assistance by vulnerable groups 92% of responses 3 indicated that their communities had not received assistance at all. Among those who reported that their community had received assistance, 55 indicated in the interviews that they encountered

1 Exact site names in database are not explicitly mentioned in the current report due to confidentially principles being adhered to, but such names are available in the central database and have been shared with the assessment survey committee. Such information can be further extracted based on needs/requests.

2 The Protection Thematic Working Group for the early recovery phase of 2010 floods was established in March 2011 and activated at national, provincial and district levels. The national group is co-led by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Rescue Committee (IRC).

3 In this report “a response” or “an interview” means the information shared through either a key informant or focus group Interview. For example, 92% of responses/interviews mean that 92% of 392 interviews reported that their communities had not received assistance.

4 problems of access to assistance, due to various reasons including inadequate or lack of information regarding available assistance. Respondents reported that access to services is particularly difficult for persons with specific needs, e.g. female headed households, elderly persons and persons with disabilities (physical, visual, intellectual and hearing) as well as those who do not have civil documents such as the computerized national identification cards (CNIC) have difficulties in accessing relief items.

Safety and security 7% of responses indicated theft, robbery or internal-communal disputes/conflicts with nearby populations as their main safety and security concerns, in addition to other concerns.

Women There is severe lack of privacy for females and lack of appropriate health facilities in the affected districts. 180 responded with privacy being their main concern.

Children Respondents reported child labor one of the issues faced by the children. 25 instances of injuries have been reported for girl children while 28 for boys. 21 cases of child labour were reported for boys.

Persons with disabilities ( physical, visual, intellectual and hearing) and elderly persons Respondents mentioned that persons with disabilities and elderly persons in their communities reportedly had problems such as lack of assistance in all districts, discrimination to access basic services, loss of mobility aids/assistive devices and access to specialized services. 65% of interviews indicated lack of assistance to elderly persons as the most pressing concern.

Low protection response capacity Most of the districts currently affected have a low protection capacity. Specialized assistance, such as mobility and assistive equipments for children, women, elderly persons and persons with disabilities, is lacking generally. Furthermore, systematic monitoring, reporting, response and referral mechanisms are non existent in the affected districts making it difficult for those affected to access any assistance and services.

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Recommendations

In order to respond to the above protection concerns it is recommended that the Protection Cluster including sub-clusters on child protection and gender-based violence be activated to ensure provision of the main life- saving interventions, in order to:

• Advocate to Food Security, WASH, Health and Emergency Shelter Clusters to make special efforts to ensure that vulnerable women and children, people with disabilities, elderly persons and ethnic minorities have equal access to assistance without discrimination and in accordance with humanitarian principles. • Establish protection monitoring and reporting mechanisms to identify the protection concerns affecting vulnerable groups including children, women, elderly and disabled, based on the finding of the RPA. • Ensure that affected persons are referred to existing services. • Establish and support a mechanism immediately to prevent and respond to violence, exploitation and abuse of children and women, including gender-based violence. • If need be, ensure usage of Standard Registration Form(SRF) and tracing forms for separated and unaccompanied children and establish mechanism immediately to identify, register, verify, reunify and follow-up on separated and unaccompanied children. • To establish coordination mechanism at the district levels to reach the affected population. • Build the protection capacity of government departments and NGOs working in the affected districts to address the protection concerns of the affected population.

6 I. Introduction

As highlighted in the map, heavy rains in August 2011 have caused renewed and damaging floods in nine districts in eastern, southern and northern parts of Balochistan province. According to initial assessments conducted by district authorities mid-September, 17 people had lost their lives and another 425 people were injured due to falling of walls and roofs. Moreover, 7,408 houses had been fully damaged and 16,279 were partially damaged leaving 70,394 individuals homeless. According to the report, 3,420 individuals were living in makeshift shelters.

By the end of September it was estimated 4 that approximately 375,165 individuals would be affected including 176,327 (47%) women and 175,089 less than 15 years children (46.67%). Most of these displaced persons are expected to be taking refuge in temporary shelter at safer places. As per PDMA’s flood report of 10 September 2011, 37 Tehsils, 67 union councils, 748 Mozas, and 867 villages have been affected in the province so far. An average of 48% of the standing cropped areas of Onion, Tomatoes, Cotton, Cauliflower, Pepper, and other vegetables have been affected by the flood water. The flood also badly affected the

4 The Rapid Assessment conducted jointly by UN agencies on 17-18 September, 2011 in Balochistan.

7 livestock of the areas and an average of 21% has been affected in the nine districts.

326 Link roads and 4 National Highways were also reportedly affected/ damaged due to flood water. 35 water supply schemes have been badly affected. Approximately more than 700 tube wells bores were filled up with flood water.

In this context, on 07 September 2011, the Government of Pakistan officially called for simultaneous relief assistance and technical support for a “Rapid Needs Assessment” (RNA) from the United Nations (UN).

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) established the “Assessment Survey Committee”, lead by NDMA and comprising staff from UN agencies to offer the necessary technical support. It was agreed that the overall assessment would be facilitated by UNOCHA and WFP; and as for protection concerns during the emergency, it was agreed that Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) tools and emergency standby roster previously established by the Protection Thematic Working Group 5 (co-led by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR and the International Rescue Committee, IRC and the NDMA) would be activated to cover the protection component of the overall assessment.

Subsequently on 07 September 2011, the humanitarian country team, chaired by the UN RC/HC, met and agreed on activation of five clusters (Food Security, WASH, Health, Shelter and Protection ) and the timeframe and methodology for conducting the rapid needs assessment; and that it would go ahead without delay and be completed by 12 September, 2011.

The Government agreed that only four clusters would be activated for Phase I of flood response, i.e. Food Security, Wash, Health and Shelter. It was decided that the cluster needs assessments and cluster response strategies will include Nutrition, Protection and Early Recovery/Community Restoration activities. Two supporting clusters were also rolled out, namely the Logistics Cluster and Coordination Cluster. Based on the findings of the

5 Protection Thematic Working Group (UNHCR) in Balochistan has two sub groups as well including Child Protection Sub Thematic Working Group (UNICEF) and GBV Sub Thematic Working Group (UNHCR).

8 rapid needs assessment, the additional clusters, including Protection Cluster, may be rolled out.

The Government announced that there are two phases for the needs assessment and response plan. Phase I deals with the Rapid Response Plan for Floods 2011 based on a joint rapid needs assessment to be undertaken in 48 hours. Phase II is the Flood Response Plan 2011, based on a joint in-depth needs assessment.

In Balochistan, Phase 1 “rapid assessment” was first conducted jointly by UN agencies on 17-18 September, 2011 for secondary data collection in four districts, followed by a “detailed rapid assessment” conducted in 14 districts at the UC level jointly by PDMA, Government line departments, UN and NGOs on 20-21 September 2011. The protection component was delayed due to “non-active” status of the protection cluster.

II. Objectives

The overall objective of the RPA is to rapidly assess the main protection issues faced by flood affected population with particular focus on those who are most vulnerable in the community unit and to highlight protection issues for advocacy and ongoing investigation. It is further intended to include key protection concerns into the flood response plan and formulate recommendations, including activation of the protection cluster and protection mainstreaming in other clusters to effectively address the expressed needs. To this end, the RPA aims to achieve the following main objectives:

(1) Better understand, at the community level, current protection trends and the concerns of flood-affected persons, particularly in the context of mobilization of the imminent emergency funding for relief and recovery efforts;

(2) Use these findings to better focus existing resources and further resources to priority areas, with a view to ensuring that the most at-risk populations are served;

(3) Fulfill the protection component of the inter-cluster Rapid Needs Assessment and develop new protection-oriented projects in response to identified needs and protection trends.

(4) if need be, inform subsequent technical assessments (including child protection and gender-based violence) expected to be conducted by

9 specialized interviewers with broader community participation in the next phase of the emergency.

III. Methodology

Based on lessons-learned from 2010 floods and as part of emergency preparedness plan, in June 2011 Rapid Protection Assessment (RPA) tools were developed by the Protection Thematic Working Group for early recovery phase of 2010 floods, and a 3-4 day training was rolled out to all provinces, including 56 personnel from UN, government and NGOs in Balochistan in August 2011 who were subsequently placed on a stand-by roster of available enumerators. UNHCR took the lead in activating the roster in response to the call for the international assistance and deployed pre-trained staff to affected districts of Balochistan to conduct the RPA, in close partnership with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

Tools used were RPA questionnaire (Annex A), standard operating procedures (Annex B), pre-programmed personal digital assistants (Hewlett Packaward IPAQ 212 PDAs) and a central database (Cs Pro) with pre-configured analysis tabulation plan and analysis software (SPSS, Access and Excel).

Timeframe and Staffing

The RPA was carried out from 5 to 11 October 2011. Protection Thematic Working Group activated the roster comprised of a total of 37 staff organized in 14 teams to conduct data collection from the following protection cluster organizations: Government of Pakistan Social Welfare Department, UNHCR, Catholic Relief Services (CRS), Drugs and Narcotics Educational Service and Humanity (DANESH), Society for Empowering Human Resource (SEHER) and Balochistan Boy Scouts Association (BBSA).

14 teams engaged in data collection. A team was comprised of 4 enumerators (2 female, 2 male) from Government, UN and NGO staff. UNHCR deployed its IDP protection information manager and data expert to provide necessary technical support at the stage of data analysis.

Each team was assigned a team leader lead by Social Welfare Officers of the respective districts who were responsible for liaising with the district administration 6/ DDMA to identify sites and to be available for immediate

6 District Administration in Balochistan under the leadership of DCOs has taken the responsibility of DDMA.

10 support to team members during data collection. They were further responsible for overseeing their team’s activities and submit daily reports of their respective team’s activities and main protection concerns identified in the sites.

Geographic Scope and Site Selection

The RPA technical assistance team (TAT) analyzed existing information including from PDMA and gathered during Rapid Needs Assessment to determine the most flood-affected districts in Balochistan province. Additionally those districts which had not been adequately assessed and/or assisted were included. After internal deliberation, it was agreed that the following 9 districts in eastern, southern and northern Balochistan would be targeted: Pishin , Nasirabad, Jafarabad, Loralai, Killa Saifullah, Lasbella, Kalat, Khuzdar and Kachhi Bolan.

Tehsils within districts were identified based on the data collected during rapid needs assessment survey. The most affected Tehsils were selected in consultation with PDMA in , in order to assess community level protection concerns and trends from representative areas within a district. In addition several factors were taken into account, including, inter alia, the severity of flood damage in the area; whether the area had been previously assessed and/or assisted by humanitarian actors and, if so, to what extent; whether existing information indicated that significant protection issues existed in the area. Ultimately, the Protection Thematic Working Group identified and carried out the RPA in 80 sites covered across 17 Tehsils of the above-mentioned 9 districts of Balochistan province.

Summary of Sites by Tehsils

DISTRICT TEHSIL No. of Sites

Gandakha 2

Jaffarabad Jhat Pat 3

Sohbatpur 3

Bhag 10 Kachhi Bolan Dhadar 6

Kalat Kalat 7

11 Summary of Sites by Tehsils

DISTRICT TEHSIL No. of Sites

Sohrab 2

Khuzdar 2 Khuzdar 2

Killa Saifullah Killa Saifullah 9

Bela 1 Lasbella Uthal 3

Bori 10 Loralai Mekhtar 3

Nasirabad Tamboo 6

Barshore 2 Pishin Pishin 9

9 Districts 17 Tehsils 80

In each Tehsil, an average of 5 sites was identified with guidance from focal person from district administration. An average of 4 focus groups and 2 key informant interviews were conducted in each site.

The sites covered in each Tehsil (see table above) were selected taking into account the following scenarios – as prescribed in the standard operating procedures:

Scenario 1: IDP camps Scenario 2: Self-managed IDP settlements Scenario 3: IDPs in spontaneous settlements (higher open ground/ roadsides, embankments etc.) Scenario 4: IDPs who are left in flooded areas Scenario 6: IDPs who are in their village of origin Scenario 7: IDPs who have returned from their area of displacement to their area of origin but could not yet return home (secondary displacement)

The criteria for selection of the sites were the following:

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• The site has at least 20 families • The selection of the various sites ensures a representation of the diversity in tribes/ ethnicity of the affectees • The sites are chosen in urban and rural areas • The sites represent the diversity in the areas of origin of the affectees • The sites represent the diversity in the feasibility of access (close/remote) • The sites represent a geographical diversity within the district

Population assessed and Data Collection

Given that the RPA sought to quickly assess protection needs and trends at the community level, focus group discussions disaggregated by sex and age (younger adults and older adults) and key informant interviews were carried out in various communities in affected districts of Balochistan. RPA is not designed for use with children participants.

% of Interviews by Districts

Pishin Jaffarabad 11% 13% Nasirabad 8% Kachhi 12%

Loralai 14% Kalat 14% Las Bela 7% Killa Saifullah Khuzdar 15% 6%

The teams conducted interviews in each site with 4 focus groups and up to 2 key informants. Each focus group was composed of an average of 10-15 persons. During the course of the RPA exercise , a total of 392 interviews ( 250 focus group discussions 142 Key informants) were conducted, which resulted in an estimated 3900 persons in Balochistan

13 participating in the RPA in a 7 day period in early October . The breakdown of interviews in each district can be seen below.

There were 119 Focus Group Discussion held with women and 131 with men, besides 142 key informant interviews (with men and women).

In order to better understand the diverse needs of communities, in line with age, gender and diversity mainstreaming (AGDM) principles, focus groups were conducted separately for adult females (15%), adult males (20%), female youth (15%) and youth male (13%) which occurred in roughly equal proportion. The percentage for key informant interviews was 36% among the overall interviews conducted. Within each Focus Group every effort was made to select a wide range of profiles. A break down of types of interview conducted in each district can be seen below.

% of forms interviews by district and type of interview Adult Females (25+) Adult Males (25+) Key informant Youth Females (18-24) Youth Males (18-24)

Total 15% 20% 36% 15% 13%

Pishin 29% 24% 39% 5% 2%

Nasirabad 15% 18% 30% 18% 18%

Loralai 17% 17% 33% 17% 17%

Las Bela 11% 14% 57% 7% 11%

Killa Saifullah 17% 17% 32% 17% 17%

Khuzdar 17% 17% 33% 17% 17%

Kalat 15% 17% 39% 15% 15%

Kachhi 6% 35% 33% 23% 2%

Jaffarabad 12% 22% 35% 14% 18%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Furthermore, key informants were included (36% of interviews) key informants including; community leaders/representatives, NGOs working in the area, authorities etc. A summary of interviews conducted can be seen in the graph above .

In order to capture distinct protection needs it was decided that a cross- section of different types of communities would be assessed. As per the diagram below, the RPA was carried out in un-organized, spontaneous settlements (3%); and a further 6% were conducted with the affected living with host community, mostly with their relatives in the places of origin. 91% of interviews conducted were carried out in locations currently classified as “other” – where the data indicates that the majority of these

14 were conducted in the affected village of origin. The ratio of types of communities assessed corresponds to the ratio of types of communities affected by the floods. % of interviews by community type and district

Affected Living with Host Community Unorganized Spontaneous Settlement Other (personal damaged houses)

Total: 6% 3% 91%

Pishin 0% 100%

Nasirabad 58% 15% 27%

Loralai 0% 100%

Las Bela 7% 14% 79%

Killa Saifullah 0% 100%

Khuzdar 0% 100%

Kalat 0% 6% 94%

Kachhi 0% 100%

Jaffarabad 8% 0% 92%

Community buy in, consultations and relevant assurances

In line with the standard operating procedures (Annex B), before organizing or conducting focus group discussions in communities, RPA teams ensured that consultations occurred with relevant community members. Social, cultural and security concerns were taken into account as well. In socially conservative areas, teams took special care to assess whether focus groups held with adult females and youth females would present risks for participants during or after the exercise. Similarly, teams ensured that all focus groups participants understood the purpose of the exercise, knew what to expect (and what not to expect), and voluntarily participated.

Teams further emphasized that all discussions and information disclosed in focus group discussions would be used to better understand the needs of the community, but that nothing an individual participant in the focus group stated would be attributed to that person. It was noted that what was discussed would, in this regard, remain confidential. Taking into account assurances of confidentiality and the careful management of sensitive information, the names of focus group participants were not recorded. In a similar vein, focus group discussions were not tape recorded and photographs were not taken. In this report exact names of sites (camps, schools and villages) were not cited.

15 Questionnaire

In order to encourage free discussion, female interviewers conducted focus groups discussions for adult females and youth females, and male interviewers did the same for adult males and youth males. Mixes of quantitative and qualitative questions were employed to collect information.

Focus group discussion interviews and interviews with key informants included questions under the following categories: (1) Forced Relocation, (2) Access to Assistance, (3) Safety and Security, (4) Women, (5) Children, (6) Persons with Disabilities, (7) Older Persons and (8) Missing Persons/Family Separation. For the questionnaire please see Annex A.

Data Management

The data collected was recorded on personal digital assistants and records were uploaded on a daily basis to the pre-established RPA database (Cs Pro) with pre-configured analysis tabulation plan.

Data from 7 day data collection exercise was merged, “cleaned”, and analyzed according to standard tabulation plan . Data management tools were previously established as part of the RPA Tool set and analysis was done using pre-configured analysis software (SPSS, Access and Excel).

Constraints

De-activation of Protection Cluster : Although the humanitarian country team agreed (7 September, 2011) on activation of Protection Cluster together with other four life-saving clusters (Food Security, WASH, Health and Emergency Shelter), the next day on 8 September it was announced that only the above-mentioned four clusters would be activated without the Protection Cluster. Besides the element of confusion caused, this type of mixed messages resulted that no protection component was included in the “rapid assessment” conducted by UN agencies on 17 – 18 September in four affected districts of Balochistan, even though the protection was said to be a cross-cutting theme. Hence, the staff identified by the Protection Thematic Working Group was excluded from the assessment teams.

Challenges in deployment of RPA teams to far flung areas : Accessibility to scattered population in the vast geographical areas of Balochistan was one of the biggest challenges to be addressed in the planning phase. Each team was allocated sufficient funds to adequately meet the

16 logistical needs of the teams and necessary security arrangements was ensured with the help of the district authorities and close coordination with PDMA Balochistan. The scattered population also caused problems for the RPA teams to form focus groups in selected sites. The same impacted on the capability of the teams to submit their daily reports due to connectivity problems.

Non-availability of Union Council (UC) level information: For the team deployment plan, PDMA was requested for the provision of the UC level data collected during the “detailed rapid assessment”. The data provided by PDMA was up to the Tehsils level, which caused limitations for the proper selection of sites in the identified Tehsils / districts. This left some unpredictability in already knowing the actual places included in RPA, till the teams actually were deployed in the field.

Last moment unavailability of some roster staff: Some of the female staff on the RPA roster informed at the last moment of their unavailability. Given the importance of the data collection in the perspective of age, gender and diversity mainstreaming (AGDM), some of the female teams were reformed with the combination of a trained and untrained female staff in order to comprehend the diverse needs of the women, among the affected population.

Security In , the already prevailing target killing incidents and strikes constituted constraints for the RPA team assigned to that district. However with the support of district authorities they were able to successfully collect the information from the district as planned.

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IV. Identified Protection Concerns

1. Access to Assistance

The RPA findings indicate that a significant proportion of affected population is lacking or has very limited access to most essential services. For example, 92% of interviews across 9 districts reported that no assistance had yet been received in their communities, especially in Nasirabad, Jaffarabad, Loralai, Lasbella, Killa Saifullah and Khuzdar Districts.

Assistance Status No No information shared Yes % 92% 0% 8% Total: 361 1 30 Pishin 35 6 Nasirabad 33 Loralai 54 Las Bela 28 Killa Saifullah 59 Khuzdar 24 Kalat 32 22 Kachhi 45 1 2 Jaffarabad 51 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Among those who reported that their community had received assistance, there were 55 indications in interviews that cited problems of access to assistance, because of various reasons. Furthermore daily RPA reports from Kalat indicated lack of safe drinking water and the urgent need of health care services there. 7

The table below is an extract from the data analyzed, depicting the information only about 3 districts but similar responses were recorded for other districts as well.

7 Excerpt from Daily Report from RPA Team, District: Kalat Tehsil:

18 BI7_DISTRICT BI8_TEHSIL UC BI10_LOCATION AF3-Problum Drinking water Food Other Health Care Sanitation Shelter Kachhi Dhadar Bagh Pir Ghazi Lack of information. 1 Kachhi Dhadar Bagh Pir Ghazi Not available 1 1 There is not enough for every Kachhi Dhadar Bagh Pir Ghazi one 1 Group is asked to pay to receive Kalat SOHRAB Town Rodini Zareen assistance 1 Kalat KALAT SADAR Ali Aabad Lack of information. 1 1 Kalat SOHRAB Town Rodini Zareen Lack of information. 1 Kalat KALAT SADAR Ali Aabad Not available 1 1 1 Kalat KALAT SADAR Dasht Mughalzai Not available 1 Kalat KALAT SADAR Dasht MughalzaiNot available 1 1 2 1 Kalat SOHRAB Town Rodini Zareen Not available 2 Kalat KALAT SADAR Dasht Mughalzai Other 1 Physical access (e.g. lack of Kalat KALAT SADAR Ali Aabad transportation, distance) 1 1 There is not enough for every Kalat KALAT SADAR Ali Aabad one 1 4 6 There is not enough for every Kalat KALAT SADAR Dasht Mughalzai one 5 3 There is not enough for every Kalat SOHRAB Town Rodini Zareen one 3 2 2 Group is asked to pay to receive Pishin Pishin Khanai lowe khani baba assistance 1 Pishin Barshore Barshore Barshore Lack of information. 1 Pishin Pishin khushaab khanai Not available 1 Pishin Pishin khushaab lowe khani baba Not available 1 Pishin Pishin Khanai lowe khani baba Other 1 Pishin Pishin khushab khanai Other 1 There is not enough for every Pishin Barshore Barshore Barshore one 1 10 13 6 9 3 14

Distribution modality – reports of inaccessibility by vulnerable people: It was further reported that during the limited distribution of assistance items, special attentions were often not paid to the vulnerable people, such as elderly people and people with disabilities.

Lack of Information and non-availability of services: As can be seen from the table above, inadequate or lack of assistance and information regarding available assistance seems to be the prevalent problems cited by communities for shelter, food, health and WASH.

Lack or loss of documentation – inaccessibility to assistance: It has been

Documents need by district Jaffarabad Kachhi Kalat Khuzdar Killa Saifullah Las Bela Loralai Nasirabad Pishin

Other 2

None 51 42 42 24 38 1 41 28 28

Domicile certificate 1 3

Land documents 2 9 4 1 2

School certificate 5 1 5

Marriage certificate 1

Birth certificate 1 3 2

FORM B 1 13

CNIC 6 11 1 19 23 12 5 10

19 pointed out that possession of documents is a requirement for receiving some types of relief assistance. However as very less assistance has been distributed so far, many of the respondents did not mention any type of documentation required to access assistance, as according to the “None” category highlighted in the chart. Reports from various sites indicate that the inability of affected to provide Computerized National ID Cards (CNIC) or other documents hampers their access to assistance.

Furthermore, loss of documentation of affected populations in some sites (land certificates, birth certificates, Form B, school certificates, etc.) was also reportedly problematic.

2. Safety and Security

Interviews revealed threats on physical safety and security of the affected persons, such as theft/robbery (7% of the total interviews), inter-communal disputes (2% of the total interviews) and presence of weapons (1 % of the total interviews). 8 In Loralai, for example, instances of theft/robbery were also reported in daily reports from the RPA team covering the district. 9 However 89% of the population did not report any type of threats.

Has your community recently faced any of the threats

DISTRICT Jaffarabad Kachhi Kalat Khuzdar Killa Saifullah Las Bela Loralai Nasirabad Pishin Total %

Theft,Robbery 12 1 8 4 1 26 7% Harassment, threats 1 1 2 1% Presence of weapons 4 1 5 1% Presence of drugs 1 1 0% Inter-communal disputes 2 5 1 8 2% Domestic violence 1 1 2 1% None 51 36 52 18 57 28 43 29 34 348 89% Total: 51 50 54 27 59 28 54 34 35 392 % 13% 13% 14% 7% 15% 7% 14% 9% 9%

Inter-tribal disputes were explicitly mentioned as a safety and security concern in affected areas of Khuzdar. 10

8 Exact sites are recorded in the central database and can be extracted and provided upon request.

9 Excerpt from Daily Report of RPA team at District: Loralai Tehsils: Mekhtar

10 RPA Daily Report, District Khuzdar

20 Most interviews indicated that their communities were relying on community leaders (51%) and religious leaders (9%) to address in security, more than on police (5%) and political leaders (7%).

Is There Anyone Who Is Able To Address Insecurity DISTRICT Jaffarabad Kachhi Kalat Khuzdar Killa Saifullah Las Bela Loralai Nasirabad Pishin Total % Police 2 2 6 4 8 3 25 5% Military 1 3 4 1%

Community leaders/ elders 1 43 33 20 58 5 44 11 30 245 51% Political leaders (ex- Nazims/ Naib Nazims etc_) 13 16 1 2 2 34 7% Religious Leaders 2 14 2 20 2 3 43 9% N/A 50 52 1 227218 116 24% Other 9 1 1 11 2% Total 53 55 70 46 84 28 63 34 45 478 % 11% 12% 15% 10% 18% 6% 13% 7% 9% 100%

3. Women

Lack of privacy for females: Among the responses concerning problems being faced by women in affected communities, 180 interviewees (the largest concern as compared to others) indicated lack of privacy as a main concern. For instance, two sites in Loralai indicated that there were no safe spaces and lack of privacy for women due to damaged houses in their villages of origin.11

According to the section on “Population Assessed and Data Collection” 91% of the interviewed families were living in their own villages/ houses. According to the field reports and some of the pictures received from the field, boundary walls of some of the dwellings have fallen off due to floods which have

11 Excerpt from Daily Report of RPA Team from sites in District Loralai

21 impacted privacy of females. This is in some cases prohibiting women from moving in their own courtyards to do household, and sometimes would result in lack of sense of security especially at night. This fact is further confirmed by 7% of the respondents saying that they have threats of robbery and theft (reference to section on “Safety and Security”).

Domestic violence, sexual violence: While “no safe place and privacy” is indicated as the primary concern of women as mentioned above (180 responses). The second main concern shared was “Access to assistance and service” being raised by 31 participants. At 17 instances either the interviewer was not able to receive an answer or ask the question. While domestic violence against women, which is usually under-reported or poorly documented, was reported by women as the concern of women in 3 sites of Khuzdar only. The exact names of sites can be provided to the relevant gender-based violence coordination mechanisms for necessary follow up actions.

No of interviews reporting violations against women

safe place and privacy Access to assistance and service Physical violence (by some one they know / family) Could not ask the question Domestic violence Other

5 19 Total: 1 17 31 180 6 Pishin 8 8

Nasirabad 8 21 Loralai 3 23 Las Bela 1

Killa Saifullah 8 2 5 40 5 Khuzdar 4 3 2 Kalat 1 8 46 6 Kachhi 25

Jaffarabad 5 14

Lack of health facilities meeting special needs of women: Respondents reported that “Gastro, Malaria & Reproductive health were found to be of great concern in the affected area of UC Tootak, Mazzi village of Khuzdar

22 Tehsils and its vicinities and no BHU or health facilities were available in the said area.” 12

4. Children

25 instances of injuries have been reported through community discussions at Killa Saifullah. However it was reported during FGD interviews that the injuries were caused not due to flood water, but as a result of heavy rains causing collapse of roofs, walls etc., which is understandable. However, the team did not witness any such cases, except what was reported by the concerned communities.

No of interviews reporting girl children violation cases

30 25 Seriously injured Child labour Sexual Harassment Other 25

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10 7 8 5 3 1 1 0 r a at a ad bad hhi llah Bel b a c Kal u ishin Ka Loralai sira P Khuzd aif Las a Jaffar S N illa K

Sexual violence, exploitation and Trafficking: Assessment reveals facts & figures of girl children received injuries, one of the major child protection concern in district Killa Saifullah and Loralai while Child labor stands second large child protection risk; faced by girl children in district Jafarabad, district Kachhi Bolan and on minor scale in district Nasirabad.

12 Excerpts from Daily Report of RPA Team, District: Khuzdar Tehsil: Khuzdar

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There were 2 cases of victim of physical violence. The exact names of sites can be provided to the relevant child protection and gender-based violence coordination mechanisms for necessary follow up actions. Pre- existing protection concerns can be exacerbated in emergency situations.

Boy children victim of violence:

No of interviews reporting boy children violation cases Seriously injured Victim of physical violence 30 28 Trafficking Child labour 25 Other 20 15 15

10 8

5 3 2 1 1 1 12 1 0

i h at ai n h dar l hi z llah Bela ra is rabad Kal u P Kac h as Lo sirabad fa K L a Jaf N Killa Saifu

The mentioned figures in table eloberates that serious injuries to boy children remain one of the seriouse child protetion concerns with the figures of 39 reported cases; mainly reported from district Killa Siafullah and district Loralai. Whereas, child labor is second major concern of child protection thematic area with reported figures of 21 cases, mainly reported from district Jafferabad and on minor scale from district Nasirabad and district Kachi Bolan.

Child Labor: 32 interviews mentioned that child labor (21 boys and 11 girls) were reportedly among one of the concerns since the emergency in Jaffarabad (22), Kachhi Bolan (6), and Nasirabad (3) and Khuzdar (1).

Unaccompanied and separated children: In the post flood scenario no cases of unaccompanied and separated children were reported from the data collected through this assessment.

24 5. Age and Disability

Out of total 80 sites interviewed, an estimated total of 426 persons with disabilities residing in the communities were reported. Reportedly Loralai, Jaffarabad, Kachhi Bolan and Nasirabad have the largest estimated number of persons with disabilities.

# of Persons with disabilities Jaffarabad 77

Kachhi 77

Kalat 23

Khuzdar 10

Killa Saifullah 32

Las Bela 2

Loralai 136

Nasirabad 58

Pishin 11

Lack of assistance reached to persons with disabilities: The main challenges faced by persons with disabilities are reportedly lack of assistance in all districts (mentioned by 52% of the responses), followed by discrimination to access basic services (19%) and access to specialized services (4%). This indicates that due to the flood, people with disabilities became more vulnerable than before.

Reported Challenges faced by persons with disabilities Lack of assistance Discrimination to access basic services and assistance Access to specialized services Loss of mobility aids/assistive devices No one assists / explains about assistance Violence_ harassment Don't know Other

Jaffarabad 20% 8% 36% 0% 9% 0% 20% 0% Kachhi 10% 0% 14% 0% 5% 0% 83% Kalat 11% 3% 7% 54% 23% 0% 40% 0% Khuzdar 2% 0% 7% 0% 18% 0% 18% 0% Killa Saifullah 25% 57% 0% 5% 0% Las Bela 8% 0% 7% 0% 14% 0% Loralai 10% 22% 0% 38% 0% 100% 9% 6% Nasirabad 13% 7% 21% 0% 9% 0% Pishin 3% 3% 7% 8% 18% 0% 13% 11% Total %ges 52% 19% 4% 3% 6% 0% 12% 5%

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Lack of assistance provided to persons with disability is reported 18%, mainly highlighted in Jaffarabad and Lasbella, while majority of persons with disability tend to rely on male family members (mentioned by 28% of the responses) or community leaders/elders (32%).

Assistance providers to persons with disability 4 4 1 No one 1 Pishin 1 8 Don't know 20 15 Health facility (eg BHU) 9 1 Religious leaders 3 Nasirabad 1 Political Leaders (X-Nazam / Naib Nazim) 1 6 18 Female family members 14 Male family embers 2 1 Community leaders / elders Loralai 6 24 36 24 1 Las Bela 3 1 Killa Saifullah 4 16 54 55 2 5 7 Khuzdar 6 12 10 12 7 1 5 Kalat 2 11 21 15 4 1 1 Kachhi 1 18 29 35 13 7 Jaffarabad 3 4 3

As indicated in the table below, 65% of interviews indicated lack of assistance to elderly persons is the most pressing concerns, while 3% indicated loss of mobility aids/assistive devices and 4% of respondents indicated discrimination .

26 Loss of Discrimination to Mobility Lack of access services Violence, Don't aids/assistive DISTRICT assistance and assistance haracement know devices Other Jaffarabad 50 6 Kachhi 13 1 2 16 Kalat 29 2 19 3 1 Khuzdar 9 11 5 Killa Saifullah 40 9 1 2 1 Las Bela 28 Loralai 22 2 9 5 Nasirabad 27 4 1 Pishin 9 1 6 13 Total: 227 14 1 58 11 36 65% 4% 0% 17% 3% 10%

27 V. Recommendations

The RPA carried out by the Protection Thematic Working Group member organizations have shown the immense need to: • Advocate to Food Security, WASH, Health and Emergency Shelter Clusters to make special efforts to ensure that vulnerable women, Children, people with disabilities and elderly have equal access to assistance without discrimination and in accordance with humanitarian principles. • Establish monitoring and reporting mechanisms of protection concerns affecting vulnerable groups including children, women, elderly persons and people with disabilities, and ensure that affected persons are referred to existing services. • Ensure building linkages and usage of SRF (Standard Registration Form) and tracing forms for separated, unaccompanied and missing children and establish mechanism immediately to identify, register, verify, reunify and follow-up on separated and unaccompanied children.

In order to respond to the above protection concerns of women, children, disabled and elderly, it is recommended that the Protection Cluster including child protection sub-clusters and gender-based violence be activated to provide the main life-saving interventions as follows.

(i) Identify and support cases of violence, abuse and neglect that could lead to physical and mental health risks. (ii) Prevent harm caused through denial or misuse of humanitarian assistance or inequitable access to humanitarian assistance. (iii) Support service providers to ensure that the most vulnerable are actively targeted as beneficiaries of life saving assistance and have safe access to that assistance.

Once the Protection Cluster is activated, funding resource for protection actors will need to be mobilized specifically for the following activities.

1. Legal Advice and Protection Monitoring

• Creation of protection centers / citizen advice bureaus to continue to identify protection issues, provide legal advice, refer cases and manage cases • Monitor if vulnerable groups (children, people with disabilities, older persons/elderly and ethnic/religious minority groups) have access to services and assistance.

28 • Protection monitoring to ensure that relief assistance and aid being delivered in accordance with humanitarian principles and non- discrimination. • Support affected communities to lodge grievances and seek redress. • Information dissemination on referral services and referral mechanisms. • Monitoring visits to identify individuals with specific needs and to ensure no forcible eviction and forced return occurring. • Conduct mobile registration for civil documents to support vulnerable groups who do not possess civil documents; legal advice provision to those whose civil documents were missing. • Trainings on protection, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, International Legal Instruments, needs of vulnerable individuals and how to address these in emergencies (for other clusters, government, law enforcement agencies involved in relief operation, NGOs, INGOs, CBOs).

2. Child Protection

• Establish and support community-based safe environments for children and women, including children’s and women’s friendly spaces, and provide support for early childhood development activities, recreational and non-formal educational activities, life skills, mental health & Psycho-social support and referrals. • Monitoring and reporting of grave violations and protection concerns faced by children and women, including unaccompanied, Separated & Missing children, trafficked children, child laborers, sexual exploited children, and victim of gender based violence and linking information with Social Welfare Department Database. • Identification, verification & registration for family tracing, protection assessment & interim care. Case management, Family tracing & reunification and follow up, after-care and case closure for unaccompanied, separated and Missing Children. • Provision of family based/alternative care to separated or unaccompanied girls and boys(Where applicable). • Monitor the separated children who are registered with extended families or other care givers. • Provide information and legal support on documentation, including birth registration and school certificates. • Set up help-lines and other complaint mechanisms to be linked with existing help lines and other humanitarian help-lines or mechanisms.

29 • Encourage community and families to promote and adopt birth registration of children. • Mobilize and Train community and adolescent volunteers to provide protection related messages. • Identify and refer cases of child abuse, exploitation, child separation and gender based violence against children and women. • Establish District Child Protection Working Group and Provide leadership to plan and respond in coordination with humanitarian community and relevant Government department including PDMA/DDMA.

3. Prevention, identification and response to Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

• To link with child/ women friendly spaces established by child protection. • Engagement in on-going mapping of relevant GBV prevention and response actors and services in the flood affected areas and establish referral mechanism to ensure GBV survivors are provided with adequate services, and their safety and protection is considered at all times. • Facilitation and support awareness raising initiatives for prevention of GBV. • Support health facilities to provide GBV screening and management services including clinical management of rape, and PEP kits. • Provision of psycho-social support and counseling to GBV survivors and referring further through case management to appropriate services. • Establish monitoring mechanisms to report on sexual exploitation and abuse; establish confidential reporting and referral mechanisms which are easily accessible to women and children. • Mobilize and support community based groups/social networks through provision of training, technical assistance to prevent violence, exploitation and abuse. • Distribution of hygiene kits to women and adolescent girls. • Establishment of an information collection and management system while adhering to specific international standards on confidentiality, safety and privacy.

30 4. Attention to persons with disabilities (physical, visual, intellectual and hearing) and elderly persons

• Protection monitoring to ensure that relief assistance and aid are being equally delivered to elderly persons and persons with disabilities, in accordance with humanitarian principles. • Provision of necessary devices to people with disabilities and elderly persons and people with special needs.

Expected outputs and impacts produced by Protection Cluster • Vulnerable women/children, minority groups, people with disabilities/special needs are included in assistance nets without being discriminated against through protection monitoring and legal advice/counseling. • The survivors of gender based violence have access to health facilities, legal assistance and psycho-social support and better coping mechanisms. • The rights of women, children and other vulnerable groups are respected. • Creation of a protective environment for vulnerable boys and girls and mitigation of traumatic experiences. • Separated, unaccompanied and missing children are traced and reunified with their families or other appropriate solutions are sought.

VI. Note on Inclusion of Protection Rapid Response Plan

In the process of integration of rapid assessment findings into the “rapid response plan” protection was marginalized, seemingly as a result of being degraded from cluster to “cross-cutting” theme. Although it was intended that protection related projects would be submitted under the four active clusters, the process and criteria set proved inadequate to appropriately accommodate such submissions.

In this respect it would be highly recommended to include protection in the revised rapid response plan in order to mitigate the initial failure to do so. Moreover, to avoid debate and deliberation in the onset of any future emergency, the role and place of protection in emergency response should be agreed upon as a part of preparedness/contingency planning.

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