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A Literary Tour in Volos

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A Literary Tour in Volos A LITERARY TOUR IN VOLOS ONCE UPON A TIME IN…EUROPE A Grundtvig Learning Partnership Volos, March 2013 2 Με τον τρόπο του Γ.Σ. Στο Πήλιο μέσα στις καστανιές το πουκάμισο του Κενταύρου γλιστρούσε μέσα στα φύλλα για να τυλιχτεί στο κορμί μου καθώς ανέβαινα την ανηφόρα κι η θάλασσα μ' ακολουθούσε ανεβαίνοντας κι αυτή σαν τον υδράργυρο θερμομέτρου ώσπου να βρούμε τα νερά του βουνού. […] ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΣΕΦΕΡΗΣ – Τετράδιο Γυμνασμάτων, Ίκαρος, Αθήνα 1972 In the Manner of G.S. On Pelion among the chestnut trees the Centaur's shirt slipped through the leaves to fold around my body as I climbed the slope and the sea came after me climbing too like mercury in a thermometer till we found the mountain waters. […] GIORGOS SEFERIS – Tetradio Gymnasmaton, Ikaros, Athens 1972 3 Περιεχόμενα Εισαγωγή 4 1. Αναμνήσεις από τη ζωή μου, ΤΖΙΟΡΤΖΙΟ ΝΤΕ ΚΙΡΙΚΟ 8 2. Θούριος, ΡΗΓΑΣ ΒΕΛΕΣΤΙΝΛΗΣ 10 3. Ελπίδα, ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ 10 4. Στην πόλη μας, ΑΝΤΩΝΗΣ Δ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ 11 5. Αργοναύτες, ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΣΕΦΕΡΗΣ 12 6. Ο Κένταυρος, MAURICE DE GUERIN 14 7. Μήδεια, ΕΥΡΙΠΙΔΗΣ 15 8. Η Φόνισσα, ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΠΑΠΑΔΙΑΜΑΝΤΗΣ 16 9. Στην αγκαλιά της κρατούσε φεγγάρια, ΓΙΩΤΑ ΚΟΥΓΙΑΛΗ 17 10. Αρρένων και άλλων αποδημητικών, ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΑΚΡΙΒΟΣ 18 Ευχαριστίες 19 Contents Introduction 6 1. Memories from my life, GIORGIO DE CHIRICO 8 2. Thourios, RHIGAS VELESTINLIS 10 3. Hope, IOANNIS PAPADOPOULOS 11 4. In our city, ANTONIS D. ANTONIOU 11 5. Argonauts, GIORGOS SEFERIS 13 6. The Centaur, MAURICE DE GUERIN 15 7. Medea, EURIPIDES 15 8. The Murderess, ALEXANDROS PAPADIAMANTIS 16 9. She was holding moons in her arms, GIOTA KOUGIALI 17 10. Of males and migration, COSTAS AKRIVOS 18 Acknowledgements 19 4 Εισαγωγή Το τεύχος που κρατάτε στα χέρια σας ετοιμάστηκε στα πλαίσια του Ευρωπαϊκού προγράμματος Grundtvig, στο οποίο συμμετέχει το Σχολείο Δεύτερης Ευκαιρίας Βόλου με τίτλο «Μια φορά κι έναν καιρό...στην Ευρώπη». Στόχος αυτού του προγράμματος είναι να στηθεί μια γέφυρα επικοινωνίας ανάμεσα στους ευρωπαϊκούς λαούς με όχημα, αυτή τη φορά, τη λογοτεχνία, ώστε να διαφανεί η κοινότητα, αλλά και η διαφορετικότητα στη σκέψη, στο πνεύμα, στην κοσμοαντίληψη ανάμεσα στους ευρωπαϊκούς λαούς. Έτσι, μαζί με τους εταίρους μας, που είναι αντίστοιχοι οργανισμοί από 8 Ευρωπαϊκές χώρες (Ισπανία, Πορτογαλία, Ιταλία, Τουρκία, Κροατία, Πολωνία, Δανία, Ισλανδία) δημιουργήσαμε μια λέσχη ανάγνωσης και διαβάζουμε ένα βιβλίο από κάθε χώρα, το οποίο έχει μεταφραστεί στις γλώσσες των άλλων χωρών. Μετά τη φάση της ανάγνωσης, ακολουθεί συζήτηση και διάφορες άλλες δραστηριότητες, όπως χειροτεχνικές κατασκευές, με ερεθίσματα που προκύπτουν από τα βιβλία, προβολές ταινιών, εάν κάποια βιβλία είχαν την τύχη να μεταφερθούν στον κινηματογράφο κ.α. Αυτή η δεύτερη φάση εξελίσσεται τόσο σε μια ειδικά διαμορφωμένη online πλατφόρμα συνεργασίας, όσο και δια ζώσης, κατά τη διάρκεια των συναντήσεων στις διάφορες χώρες. Περισσότερες πληροφορίες για το πρόγραμμα, τους εταίρους και τα βιβλία μπορείτε να βρείτε στην ακόλουθη διεύθυνση, http://users.sch.gr/Vigklas/2012_2014/index.html Τα κείμενα που θα βρείτε μέσα σε αυτό το τεύχος αφορούν στη μυθολογία, την ιστορία, τον πολιτισμό, τους ανθρώπους, όλα αυτά τα στοιχεία που συνθέτουν την εικόνα της πόλης που ζούμε. Με αυτή την έννοια, αυτό το τευχίδιο μπορεί να αποτελέσει έναν οδηγό για ένα λογοτεχνικό περίπατο στην πόλη του Βόλου. Συνοδοιπόροι σε αυτή τη διαδρομή θα είναι και οι συγγραφείς των κειμένων που έχουν επιλεγεί για ανάγνωση. Και, αφού πρόκειται για περίπατο, τι πιο φυσικό από το να ξεκινήσουμε το ταξίδι μας από το σιδηροδρομικό σταθμό της πόλης μας, έργο του Ιταλού μηχανικού Evaristo de Chirico, πατέρα του περίφημου σουρεαλιστή ζωγράφου Giorgio de Chirico. Στο απόσπασμα που επιλέξαμε από το βιβλίο του Giorgio de Chirico «Αναμνήσεις από τη ζωή μου» ο μικρός Giorgio θυμάται τα παιχνίδια του στην καινούρια τότε πόλη του Βόλου (τέλη του 19ου αιώνα) και αφηγείται στιγμές μεταφυσικές που καθόρισαν, αργότερα, τη μεταφυσική ζωγραφική του. Λίγο πιο πέρα από το σιδηροδρομικό σταθμό, μας περιμένει ο ανδριάντας του Έλληνα διαφωτιστή και μάρτυρα της ελευθερίας Ρήγα Βελεστινλή. Θα ακουστούν λίγοι στίχοι από το «Θούριό» του, το εγερτήριο σάλπισμά του στους υπόδουλους Έλληνες, λίγα χρόνια πριν από την ελληνική επανάσταση του 1821 ενάντια στους Τούρκους. Τα χρόνια πέρασαν. Η Ελλάδα απελευθερώνεται από τον τουρκικό ζυγό και αργότερα ελευθερώνεται και ο Βόλος (1881). Η νέα πόλη χτίζεται δίπλα στο τουρκικό κάστρο και εξελίσσεται δυναμικά με στόχο να δημιουργήσει ένα οικονομικό θαύμα. Και το δημιουργεί, αλλά μετ’ εμποδίων, καθώς συγκρούεται το παλιό με το νέο, το συντηρητικό με το προοδευτικό πνεύμα, που εκφράζεται το μεν πρώτο από τους εκπροσώπους των παλιών 5 φεουδαρχικών δομών της τουρκοκρατίας, το δεύτερο από προοδευτικούς διανοούμενους και αστούς. Η σύγκρουση αυτή είναι λυσσαλέα και περιγράφεται στο απόσπασμα από το μυθιστόρημα «Ελπίδα» του Γιάννη Παπαδόπουλου. «Στην πόλη μας», που έχει μεγαλώσει πια και έχει αλλάξει, αφιερώνει το ομότιτλο ποίημά του ο ποιητής Αντώνης Αντωνίου, όπου περιγράφει οικείες εικόνες παράδοξων αναζητήσεων. Ο Βόλος είναι τυχερή πόλη. Ευτύχησε να βρίσκεται ανάμεσα σε δύο μυθολογικά στοιχειά: το Πήλιο με τους παράξενους κατοίκους του, τους Κενταύρους, από τη μια, τον Παγασητικό από την άλλη, τη θάλασσα, από όπου ξεκίνησαν οι ακάματοι Αργοναύτες για την εκστρατεία τους στην πλούσια Κολχίδα. Οι μύθοι αυτοί έθρεψαν την αρχαιοελληνική, αλλά και τη σύγχρονη ευρωπαϊκή σκέψη, καθώς οι πρωταγωνιστές τους μετατράπηκαν σε σύμβολα. Οι ταλαίπωροι Αργοναύτες, ο απορριγμένος Κένταυρος, η απατημένη Μήδεια είναι σύμβολα διαχρονικά και πανανθρώπινα. Με αυτή τη συμβολική διάστασή τους παρουσιάζονται στα τρία αποσπάσματα που θα διαβαστούν: «Οι Αργοναύτες» του νομπελίστα ποιητή Γ. Σεφέρη, «Ο Κένταυρος» του Maurice de Guerin και «Η Μ ήδεια» του αρχαίου έλληνα τραγικού Ευριπίδη. Ο Βόλος και η ευρύτερη περιοχή του με το βαρύ μυθολογικό παρελθόν ευτύχησε να έχει και σύγχρονους Αργοναύτες που ταξιδεύουν σε άλλες θάλασσες, αυτές του νου. Ο Αλέξανδρος Παπαδιαμάντης ήταν ένας τέτοιος Αργοναύτης. Γνώριζε πολύ καλά την ανθρώπινη ψυχή, μπορούσε να περιγράψει με δύναμη τις περιπέτειές της, που πολλές φορές ξεπερνούσαν τα όρια της λογικής και έμπαιναν στην επικράτεια της τρέλας. Στα όρια αυτά κινείται και η ηρωίδα του μυθιστορήματός του «Η Φόνισσα», μια γυναίκα που σκοτώνει τα θηλυκά παιδιά, προκειμένου να μη δυστυχήσουν στη ζωή, όπως είχε δυστυχήσει εκείνη ως γυναίκα. Όμως η τύχη δεν είναι ποτέ μια μόνιμη κατάσταση. Το 1955 ο Βόλος χτυπήθηκε από ισχυρό σεισμό που κατέστρεψε τα περίφημα νεοκλασικά του αρχοντικά, τα αποδεικτικά στοιχεία της αστικής του ανάπτυξης και του οικονομικού θαύματος, στο οποίο ήδη αναφερθήκαμε. Και δεν έφτανε μόνο ο σεισμός. Την ίδια χρονιά ισχυρές πλημμύρες σάρωσαν την περιοχή, ο ποταμός Άναυρος υπερχείλισε προκαλώντας υλικές καταστροφές και πνιγμούς ανθρώπων. Παραστατική περιγραφή των γεγονότων κάνει η συγγραφέας Γιώτα Κούγιαλη στο βιβλίο της «Στην αγκαλιά της κρατούσε φεγγάρια». Ο λογοτεχνικός μας περίπατος κλείνει καθώς συναντιόμαστε με το Μουτζούρη, το θρυλικό τρενάκι που ξεκινούσε, στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, από το σταθμό του De Chirico. Έκανε στάση στον Άναυρο και επιβιβαστήκαμε για να συνεχίσουμε προς τα χωριά του Πηλίου. Στο τρένο έχει επιβιβαστεί και ο συγγραφέας Κώστας Ακρίβος που θα διαβάσει απόσπασμα από το βιβλίο του «Αρρένων και άλλων αποδημητικών». 6 Introduction The booklet you are holding in your hands was created in the framework of the Grundtvig learning partnership, “Once upon a time…in Europe” in which the Second Chance School of Volos participates. The aim of the programme is to establish a communication channel among the people of Europe through literature, in order to highlight the similarities and the differences among them in their way of thinking, their culture and their world view in general. With our partners that are adult education providers from 8 European countries (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey, Croatia, Poland, Denmark, Iceland) we started a reading club and we read in turn a book suggested by each one of the participating countries that has been translated in the other languages. After reading a book, the participants discuss and exchange their ideas about the book, express their impressions and emotions artistically, watch the respective film, if one exists etc. This phase takes place both, in a virtual learning environment, and during the meetings of the groups in each country. More information about the books, the partners and the final products can be found at the following web address, http://users.sch.gr/Vigklas/2012_2014/index.html (work in progress). The texts in this booklet are about the mythology, the history, the culture, the people, all these elements that make up the image of the city we live in. It will be a useful companion for our literary tour in the city. During this tour, we will visit points of interest related in some way with the selected texts and we will try to acquaint our partners with our history, past and present. To this end, some of the writers of the texts will join us in this literary tour and read their texts themselves. So, we will start our tour from the railway station of the city that was constructed by the Italian engineer Evaristo de Chirico, father of the well-known surrealist painter Giorgio de Chirico. In the selected excerpt from Giorgio de Chirico’s book “Memories from my life”, young Giorgio remembers his games in the relatively new city of Volos (end of the 19th century) and narrates some metaphysical experiences that influenced and determined later his style of painting. A few meters away from the railway
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