Newspaper Collection, 1800-1820 RG 638 Archives

Creator: Brock University Extent: 4 oversized boxes 11 volumes shelved with periodicals (Weekly Register; The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Chronicle; The American Magazine; American Weekly Messenger; Military Monitor and American Register)

Abstract: The collection contains American, British, and Canadian newspapers published around the time of the War of 1812. Many of the issues report on the events of the War. News items concerning events in the Niagara region have been noted and summarized. Articles concerning General , , and John Norton (Mohawk Chief) have also been noted.

Materials: Newspapers Repository: Brock University Archives Finding aid: Chantal Cameron Last updated: April 2018

Use restrictions: Current copyright applies. In some instances, researchers must obtain the written permission of the holder(s) of copyright and the Brock University Archives before publishing quotations from materials in the collection. Most papers may be copied in accordance with the Library’s usual procedures unless otherwise specified.

Preferred Citation: RG 638, War of 1812 Newspaper collection, 1800-1820, Brock University Archives, Brock University. ______Scope and content The collection consists of American, British and Canadian newspapers published around the time of the War of 1812. Many issues report on the events of the War. News items RG 638 Page 2 concerning events in the Niagara region have been noted and summarized. Articles concerning General Isaac Brock, Tecumseh, and John Norton (Mohawk Chief) have also been noted. The newspapers are listed alphabetically by title.

Inventory Most newspapers are located in one of four oversized boxes. Items with a call number are shelved with the Special Collections periodicals.

Alexandria Daily Gazette, Commercial & Political, Alexandria, (Box 1) A daily newspaper printed and published by Samuel Snowden in Alexandria, Virginia. 9 September 1812. Contains a brief article mentioning Hull’s surrender to the British under Gen. Isaac Brock at . It is stated that Colonel Duane, in speaking of Hull’s surrender, says “Such disasters were to be calculated upon, and must be still calculated upon, unless the measures for conducting the war assume a new character”. Also contains a proclamation by Isaac Brock, dated 16 August 1812, where it is stated that “the territory of Michigan was this day, by capitulation, ceded to the arms of his Britannic majesty…”

American Magazine, Albany, (SPCL PER AP 2 A347) December 1815. January 1816. February 1816. March 1816. May 1816.

American Mercury, Hartford, Conn. (Box 1) A weekly newspaper published in Hartford, Connecticut by Joel Barlow and Elisha Babcock. Barlow retired, and beginning with the issue of Nov. 14, 1785, the paper was published by Elisha Babcock. With the issue of Jan. 6, 1813, Elisha Babcock took his son Charles into partnership under the firm name of Elisha Babcock & Son. It became the leading Democratic newspaper in Connecticut. The Mercury had a contemporary reputation for outspokenness and for many years was the state's leading reform paper. 5 October 1813. RG 638 Page 3

2 August 1814. Contains a detailed account of the in a letter from Maj.- Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, dated 7 July 1814. This is followed by a return of the killed, wounded and prisoners of the British, and a report of the killed and wounded Americans. Another account of the battle from an officer in General Scott’s brigade, dated at , July 12, is also included. Also contains an account of Gen. Swift’s death. 9 August 1814. Contains an account of the Battle of Chippawa by Gen. Scott, dated at Queenston, 15 July 1814. Another account is provided by J. Hindman, Maj. Com. Batt. Artillery. The official British account of the battle is also given, with a return of the killed, wounded and missing. [Box 2 – encapsulated] An article on the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane) is included, taken from the Buffalo Gazette Extra of July 28. 16 August 1814. Contains two letters by Maj.-Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, written shortly before the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, dated July 22 and July 25, 1814. Also contains a letter from L. Austin, A.D. Camp of Gen. Brown. The letter is dated at Buffalo, 29 July 1814, and gives an account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, in which Gen. Brown was injured. The heading that precedes the letter is “Battle of Chippewa” [Chippawa], but the details and dates are consistent with the Battle of Lundy’s Lane. Also contains an article on page 3 about a British attack near Black Rock, followed by a siege on Fort Erie, taken from the Buffalo Gazette Extra of Aug. 3. A brief article on the capture of Gen. Riall during the Battle of Bridgewater (Lundy’s Lane) is included on page 3, with the heading “Singular circumstance”.

American Weekly Messenger, Philadelphia (PER AP 2 A51) Some loose issues are stored in Box 1 (November 13, 1813-November 20-1813). 25 September 1813. 2 October 1813. 9 October 1813. 16 October 1813.

23 October 1813. Contains a brief article on some skirmishing near Fort George on October 6 (p. 67). A brief account of the skirmishing is in a letter from Brig. Gen. McClure to Governor Tompkins, dated at Fort George, 6 October 1813. It is stated that “about 500 volunteers and 150 Indians, commanded by Col. Chapin, attacked the picket guard of the enemy about a mile and a half from Fort George…we succeeded in driving the enemy into the woods, when night coming on put an end to the conflict…” (p. 73).

RG 638 Page 4

A letter from Gen. Harrison to the Department of War states that “the Ottawas and Chippewas have withdrawn from the British, and have sent in three of their warriors to beg for peace, promising to agree to any terms that I shall prescribe…Tecumseh heads that which remain with the British…” (p. 73).

The American victory at the Thames River, near Moraviantown, is acknowledged in a letter from Gen. Harrison to the Department of War, dated 5 October, 1813 (p. 74). A lengthy account of the battle follows in a letter by Gen. Harrison to the Secretary of War, dated 9 October 1813 (p. 74-76). It is stated that “…of the British troops, twelve were killed and twenty-two wounded. The Indians suffered mostly—thirty three of them having been found upon the ground, besides those killed on the retreat”. Tecumseh was killed in this battle.

A brief update of the activity at Fort George is included in a letter dated October 12. It is stated that “the enemy have left the vicinity of Fort George. General McClure is closely pursuing them, with about 2000 men, volunteers, militia, and Indians. It is believed he will pursue them at least to Forty Mile Creek” (p. 79).

30 October 1813. Contains an update on the activities in the Niagara region up to October 13. It is written that “Colonel Scott crossed the Niagara on the 13th, with the regulars, for the mouth of the Genessee River, where he would embark for Sackett’s Harbour. The certainty of Proctor’s defeat was not known at Niagara. It is not the design to abandon Fort George; but it is presumed the militia are competent to its defence against any disposable force the enemy can send against it. Our force still remaining in that neighbourhood probably amounts to 1500 men” (p. 95).

6 November 1813. Contains a proclamation by Gen. McClure, commanding officer of the Niagara Frontier, dated at Fort George, 16 October 1813 (p. 109). He states that he “finds the Upper Province deserted by the and abandoned by its government—in the peculiar situation of the inhabitants, it is essential to their security, that some regulations should be established for their government, while the American army has the power of enforcing them. The general regrets to say, that illegal, unauthorized and forbidden pillage has been committed by a few…he cannot promise complete security, but he engages as far as his power extends, to protect the innocent, the unfortunate, and the distressed”.

13 November 1813. 20 November 1813. Contains a letter by Gen. Harrison about the (Moraviantown). He writes that “the Indians were extremely desirous of fighting us at Malden. I enclose you Tecumseh’s speech to Proctor: it is at once an evidence of the talents of the former, and the greatest defect of them in the latter”. Tecumseh’s speech to Gen. Proctor is included following the letter (p. 141). RG 638 Page 5

27 November 1813. 4 December 1813. 11 December 1813.

18 December 1813. An extract of a letter to the Albany Register, dated 29 November 1813, states that “I left Fort George on Wednesday afternoon last. An expedition under the command of gen. McClure, consisting of militia, volunteers, regulars and Indians, was to have marched the next day against the British at Burlington Heights…The British are fearful of an attack and have made preparations to resist…” (p. 206).

25 December 1813. An update on a planned attack on Burlington Heights is provided on page 209. It is said that “the expedition against Burlington Heights, which had left Fort George under the command of General McClure on the 26th of last month, was abandoned after the troops had marched twenty miles on the road; the enemy having so entirely broken up and obstructed the roads, and destroyed all the bridges between the Heights and Fort George, as to render the march of our army impracticable”. A similar report can be found on page 224.

1 January 1814. Contains an article and commentary on the American abandonment of Fort George and burning of Newark, as well as the British capture of and burning of Lewiston, Manchester, and Tuscarora in retaliation for Newark. It is written that “we consider it as unworthy the arms of free America to wage unnecessary war with the whole population, women, children, and all, of a town which we had conquered for the purpose of annexing it to our territory, and to leave, in this season of the year in such a climate, without a roof to shelter their heads, the unfortunate families to whom we were holding out the hope of incorporating them with our union” (p. 225-226).

Mention of Gen. McClure’s failed attack on Burlington Heights is made on page 237. It is also stated here that “General McClure is enlisting men from his brigade, to serve for three months, to assist in defending Fort George and Niagara—Regular troops, amounting to 500, are to be stationed at Fort George this winter”. This is followed by reports of the American evacuation of Fort George and burning of Newark, and the British and burning of Lewiston, Manchester and Tuscarora.

The appointment of William Perriman (an Indian allied with the British) to Brigadier General is mentioned on page 237, adding that “may Tecumseh’s fate to meted to him, and destruction be the fate of his cruel employers”.

8 January 1814. Contains an extract of a letter from Gov. Tompkins to the Secretary of War, dated at Albany, 24 December 1813. He writes that “Fort Niagara has been taken by the British—the Garrison was surprised. Captain Leonard (1st regiment of artillery) had the command, but it is rumored that he was not in the fort at the time, but with his family some RG 638 Page 6 miles off” (p. 254). A letter follows from Brig. Gen. Hopkins to Gov. Tomkins, dated at Buffalo, 20 December 1814, reporting the burning of Lewiston and Tuscarora.

15 January 1814. Contains an address by General McClure about recent events on the Niagara frontier (p. 265-266). He writes that, prior the their evacuation of Fort George “I gave orders for all the arms, ammunition and public stores of every description to be sent across the river…and ordered the town of Newark to be burnt. This act, however distressing to my feelings, was by an order of the secretary of war, and I believe at the same time proper. The inhabitants had twelve hours’ notice to remove their effects and such as chose to come across the river were provided with all the necessities of life”. He continues that “I left Captain Leonard in the command of Fort Niagara with about 160 effective regulars, and pointed out verbally and particularly in a general order how he should prepare for an attack, which would certainly take place”.

The (Canadian fighting on the American side) are also mentioned in the address, where it is stated that “the Canadian Volunteers, about 40 in number, under Major Mallery, an officer of great merit, I stationed at Schlosser…” (p. 266). McClure concludes that “your prejudices against me have been the result of feelings misled by the acts of my enemies, and not the result of your sober judgment, operating upon facts and principles. Those facts are now before you. On those facts judge me in your candor, and I will abide the decision”. This is followed by correspondence between Gen. Harrison and Gen. McClure concerning activity on the Niagara frontier, particularly the planned attack on Burlington Heights.

A letter to the editor of the Buffalo Gazette, from Captain Rogers, Brig. Maj. Wilson and Lt. Frazer, dated at Buffalo, 18 December 1813, describes the situation at Fort George prior to the American evacuation of the Fort. It is stated that “the period for which the militia had been drafted, having expired, the general held out every inducement in his power for them to remain, but for a short time, he offered a bounty, but neither love of country nor the shame of abandoning him when the enemy were advancing could prevail on them to remain; in consequence of which he was left with about 60 effective men to maintain Fort George. The British knowing the period when the militia tour of service would expire, availed themselves of that moment to endeavor to retake the frontier, and advanced from Burlington Heights”.

An extract of a letter dated at Canandaigua, 2 January 1814, states that “information has just reached town…that the enemy are eighteen miles this side of Lewiston…marching towards this place with a force of 2000 including Indians. Our force consists of about 4 or 500 effective men. We are almost destitute of ammunition and guns…we are very much alarmed here for the safety of this village” (p. 272). This is followed by an early report of the burning of Buffalo and Black Rock by the British on December 30, and the capture of Fort Niagara by Col. Drummond.

22 January 1814. RG 638 Page 7

29 January 1814. Contains a letter from Gen. McClure to the Secretary of War, dated at Buffalo, December 22, 1813, reporting the loss of Fort Niagara. McClure writes that “I regret to be under the necessity of announcing to you the mortifying intelligence of the loss of Fort Niagara…Although our force was very inferior and comparatively small indeed, I am induced to think that the disaster is not attributable to any want of troops, but to gross neglect in the commanding officer of the fort, Captain Leonard, in not preparing, being ready, and looking out for the expected attack” (p. 302). This is followed by another letter from Gen. McClure, dated at Batavia, 25 December, in which he writes that “it is a notorious fact that the night on which Fort Niagara was captured, Captain Leonard left the fort about 11 o’clock p.m. I am assured that he has since given himself up to the enemy and that he and his family are now on the Canadian side of the strait”.

A letter dated at Canandaigua, January 11, mentions the retreat of the British to after the burning of Black Rock and Buffalo. It is written that “the enemy re-crossed the river into Canada on Saturday the 1st inst. having completed the retaliation in a way rather more satisfactory to themselves than to us. They left no building standing at Black Rock or Buffalo, except a jail, a blacksmith’s shop used as an armory, and a small house…” (p. 304).

5 February 1814. Contains a lengthy commentary on the proclamation issued by the Governor of Canada concerning the burning of Newark by the Americans and the retaliation taken by the British with the burning Buffalo and Lewiston (p. 305-306).

12 February 1814. 19 February 1814.

26 February 1814. Contains a lengthy proclamation by Sir George Prevost, dated 12 January 1814, addressing the retaliation taken against the for the burning of Newark. He writes that “the complete success which has attended his majesty’s arms on the Niagara frontier, having placed in our possession the whole of the enemy’s posts on that line, it became a matter of imperious duty to retaliate on America, the miseries which the unfortunate inhabitants of Newark had been made to suffer upon the evacuation of Fort George. The villages of Lewiston, Black Rock, and Buffalo, have been accordingly burned” (p. 359).

The official British accounts of the recapture of Fort George, and the capture of Fort Niagara are included on page 360-361.

5 March 1814. Contains a lengthy official account of the Battle at Black Rock by Gen. Hall, dated at the Niagara Frontier, 6 January 1814 (p. 378-380). An account of the British attack on Black Rock on December 30 can be found on page 382, dated at Quebec, 8 January 1814. He reports “the complete success of an attack that was made at day break on the morning of the RG 638 Page 8

30th December, on the enemy’s position at Black Rock…and after a short but severe contest, the enemy was repulsed in the most gallant manner, and pursued in his retreat to Buffalo.” He concludes that “Black Rock and Buffalo were burnt previous to their evacuation by our troops, together with all the public buildings and the four vessels. A considerable quantity of stores having been sent away before conflagration”.

12 March 1814. 19 March 1814.

Addenda to Volume first (four parts). Contains a summary of a report by the War Department, dated 25 January 1814, commissioned by the House of Representatives, to address the causes of the failure of the American army on the northern frontier (p. 450-473). A list of relevant correspondence between American officials is included, some referring to events on the Niagara frontier.

Baltimore Patriot and Evening Advertiser, Baltimore (Box 1) 5 January 1814. Contains several letters written by American Generals Proctor, Harrison, and Vincent, shortly after the Battle of the Thames (Moraviantown), requesting humane treatment for prisoners and the restoration of private property and papers. General Harrison expresses concern about the conduct and continuing threat of the Indians. 15 April 1814.

The Bee, Niagara (Box 1)

24 October 1812. Contains a lengthy article on the Battle of Queenston Heights and Isaac Brock’s death.

Also contains a notice from Gen. Sheaffe, stating that “…I do forbid all merchants, inn-keepers, and suttlers, and all other persons, licensed or unlicensed to sell spirituous liquors of any sort or description whatsoever, within one mile distance of the respective military posts…”

A notice by Lieut. Col. Myers, by order of Gen. Sheaffe is also included. It states that “whereas on the surrender of the American troops at Queenston on the 13th instant, a great number of muskets taken from the enemy were left on the fields adjacent to the scene of action, and were thereafter picked up by some of His Majesty’s Subjects, which muskets have not been returned into the Public Stores. Notice is therefore given that the Commander in Chief of His Majesty’s Forces trusts that all persons having in possession any such arms will avail themselves of this Notice and deliver up the same forthwith to the ordnance Store Keeper at Fort George…”

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Boston Gazette, Boston (Box 1)

12 July 1813. Contains brief accounts of the under the heading “From Fort George”. Another brief reference is made to the Battle of Beaver Dams, reporting that “The disagreeable, we had almost said disgraceful, news has reached this city from Fort George, in an authentic shape, we believe, of the capture of another detachment of our army, consisting of upwards of 500 men, under the command of Col. Boerstler, who was also taken. The particulars we have not heard”.

13 December 1813. Contains a message from the President of the United States, , dated December 7. The lengthy message contains several references to the war with Great Britain.

14 September 1815. Contains an account of a battle under the headline “Battle of Chippawa”, given by Captain McDonald on March 14, 1815, before the Military Court of Inquiry at Troy. The dates given in the account are not consistent with the Battle of Chippawa, and likely refer to the Battle of Lundy’s Lane (Bridgewater) instead. It is stated that “this court of enquiry was granted at the request of Gen. Ripley, who was stung into dissatisfaction by a despatch from Gen. Brown, relative to the sequel of the action at Bridgewater”. [Box 2 – encapsulated]

Boston Patriot, Boston (Box 1)

24 October 1812. 23 November 1814

The Boston Spectator, Boston (Box 1)

24 December 1814.

The Canadian Argus, and Niagara Spectator, Town of Niagara, (Box 1)

6 January 1820. Contains an article under the heading “Confiscated Estates” which states that “It is…announced…that the lands and premises of certain traitors…[are] to be sold, for the purpose of raising a fund towards compensating the losses sustained by the people of this Province in consequence of the late war”.

The Columbian, New York (Box 1) RG 638 Page 10

The "Columbian" was established by Mr. Holt in 1808 as an "organ of the Clintonians" (Journalism in the United States, from 1690-1872 By Frederic Hudson) and a replacement to the "Citizen". It was a passionate Democratic paper that supported both Jefferson and Madison. Holt later sold the "Columbian" to Alden Spooner, who published the Long Island "Star". The Columbian ceased publication in 1821.

12 June 1813. Contains accounts of the American capture of Fort George by Maj. Gen. Dearborn and Gen. Lewis, dated 27 May 1813. Also contains a letter from Gen. H. Dearborn dated 29 May 1813 describing the American pursuit of British troops at Beaver Dams and the American capture of Fort Erie.

23 June 1813. Contains a copy of the General Orders issued by Gen. Boyd after the American capture of Fort George, congratulating the troops on their conduct. Also contains a brief account of the , dated 22 June 1813. An account of the capture of Fort George is given in a letter by an army officer, dated at Newark, 31 May 1813.

9 July 1813. Contains an article about the events immediately preceding the Battle of Beaver Dams, and a brief description of the battle itself. The article was taken from the Buffalo Gazette of June 29. Also includes a brief update on Fort George, stating “that our picket guard at Fort George were attacked on Saturday night last by the enemy, who were repulsed with loss—that the British army were supposed to lie within three miles of Newark, five sailed of their vessels were lying off Niagara—and that at Fort George everything was in complete preparation to give the enemy a hot reception.” Also contains a letter from someone at Newark describing the conditions there.

29 July 1813. Contains an article about the Battle of Beaver Dams, taken from the Buffalo Gazette of July 20.

Columbian Centinel, Boston (Box 1)

27 June 1812. Contains a proclamation issued by James Madison confirming war between the United States and Great Britain. Also contains a War Report from the House of Representatives, dated 18 June 1812. A chart follows this report which lists which states were peace-makers or war-declarers.

26 September 1812. Contains the official accounts of the surrender of Detroit by Col. Lewis Cass and Gen. W. Hull. Both accounts fill the first page of the paper.

24 October 1812. Contains several preliminary accounts of the Battle at Queenston. It is reported that Gen. Brock and his aid were killed.

27 February 1813. RG 638 Page 11

10 July 1813. Contains a brief preliminary report of the Battle of Beaver Dams with the headline “War in Canada”.

14 July 1813. Contains an account of the Battle of Beaver Dams written by Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated 26 June 1813 at Fort George; an account of the same battle written by an unknown individual, dated 28 June at Fort George; and a brief report of a British attack on the American picket guard at Fort George, dated 30 June 1813.

28 August 1813. Contains information on the American ships Julia and Growler. A brief entry on p. 2 states that “letters from Fort George, dated 17th inst. say the British fleet had been off there some days cruising, with our two captured schrns in co. and were then bound down the Lake. A passenger in the stage from the Harbor, mentions the report that Com. Chauncey had again returned there, having lost another schooner in a gale the preceding day; and that the British fleet had gone into Kingston. There is not the least foundation in truth for the desperate stories of the fate of Lt. Trant, and the crew of the Julia. A few guns were fired, and she and the Growler surrendered to a superior force; having but one man killed”.

Also contains an account of the loss of the American vessels Scourge and Hamilton in a storm, as well as the capture of the Growler and Julia. The brief account is in a letter written by J.B. Varnum and dated at Fort Niagara, 12 August 1813, under the headline “Lake Naval Affairs”. Immediately following this, in a note dated at Sackett’s Harbor, Aug. 20, it is stated that “a flag arrived this afternoon from Kingston, informs that we had but one man killed on board the two schooners taken by the enemy”.

1 December 1813. 8 December 1813. 15 December 1813.

25 December 1813. Contains a brief entry on the American evacuation of Fort George. It is stated that “we learn by officers direct from Fort George that on Friday last our troops…evacuated Fort George. The Fort was cleared of all moveables, the cannon spiked, or thrown into the ditch, and the fort set on fire, previously to being abandoned. We also learn, that the village of Newark, save a few buildings, was also BURNT!”

12 March 1814.

15 February 1815. Contains a large entry announcing peace with Great Britain. The headline reads “Peace, Safety and the Prospect of returning Commerce, and Prosperity”.

22 February 1815. Includes various articles about the War of 1812 and the end of the war including the British official account of the Battle of Chippawa. Page 2 has a bold, two-column wide heading: "Ratified Treaty of Peace and Amity", followed by "A Proclamation" issued by James Madison stating that a treaty with "His Britannic Majesty" was signed at Ghent on RG 638 Page 12

December 24, 1814, and ratified by the U.S. Senate on February 17, 1815, thus ending the War of 1812.

Connecticut Mirror, Hartford, Conn. (Box 1)

2 November 1812. Contains an account of the Battle of Queenston Heights by Capt. Ogilvie of the 13th Regiment. The death of Gen. Brock is reported. The article concludes with “Our informant saw the funeral of Gen. Brock. The guns at Fort Niagara were fired during the ceremony as a mark of respect due to a brave enemy.” A brief article reports on the “late action at Lewiston” during which “a constant firing was kept up between Fort Erie and our fort at Niagara”. During this conflict the magazine at Black Rock was blown up, the Barracks burned, and a quantity of fur taken from the Caledonia. The British suffered the loss of the gaol, courthouse, and mills by fire at Newark.

23 November 1812. 4 January 1813.

Daily National Intelligencer, Washington City, D.C. (Box 1)

8 July 1813. Contains a letter from Maj.-Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War describing the Battle of Beaver Dams. This is followed by a commentary on the battle in a letter dated at Fort George, June 28, by an unknown writer. He writes that “Boerstler ought to have retreated. His stand was gallant, but injudicious; the fault was that of a brave but uninstructed or ill-advised officer.” A letter from General Green Clay to General Harrison warning of a potential attack on camp Megis is included. It is stated that “The British regulars from Fort George, and Erie, had been sent for, and were expected at Malden, about 1000 strong”. It is also mentioned that Tecumseh was encamped at the River Rouge.

26 July 1813. Contains a lengthy article with the heading “British Attack on Black Rock Repulsed!” The article is taken from the Buffalo Gazette of July 13.

Federal Republican and Commercial Gazette, Baltimore (Box 3)

Contains issues from Jan. 1, 1812-Dec. 30, 1812 [non-inclusive]. The Federal republican was published from July 4, 1808 to Dec. 24, 1813. It was published daily in Baltimore until June 20, 1812 when, on the outbreak of the war, a mob attacked and destroyed the offices of this anti- Madison newspaper. Publication was commenced on July 27, 1812 and then moved to Georgetown as a tri-weekly. The paper is almost wholly involved with reporting the politics of the day, the impending war and the war itself. There are local ads including reports and rewards for runaway slaves. RG 638 Page 13

1 January 1812. 6-7 January 1812. 8-9 January 1812. 10 -11 January 1812. 13-14 January 1812. 15-16 January 1812. 17-18 January 1812. 20-21 January 1812. 24-25 January 1812. 27-28 January 1812. 29-31 January 1812. 31 January-1 February 1812. 5-6 February 1812. 7-8 February 1812. 10-11 February 1812. 12-13 February 1812. 14-15 February 1812. 17-18 February 1812. 19-20 February 1812. 21-22 February 1812. 24-25 February 1812. 26-27 February 1812. 28-29 February 1812. 2-3 March 1812. 3-5 March 1812. 6-7 March 1812. 9-10 March 1812. 11-12 March 1812. 13-14 March 1812. 16-17 March 1812. 18-19 March 1812. 20-21 March 1812. 23-24 March 1812. 27-28 March 1812. 30-31 March 1812. 25-26 March 1812. 1-2 April 1812. 6-7 April 1812. 8-9 April 1812. 10-11 April 1812. 13-14 April 1812. 15-16 April 1812. 17-18 April 1812. RG 638 Page 14

20-21 April 1812. 22-23 April 1812. 24-25 April 1812. 27-28 April 1812. 29-30 April 1812. 1-2 May 1812. 4-5 May 1812. 6-7 May 1812. 8-9 May 1812. 11-12 May 1812. 13-14 May 1812. 15-16 May 1812. 18-19 May 1812. 20-21 May 1812. 22-23 May 1812. 25-26 May 1812. 27-28 May 1812. 1-2 June 1812. 3-4 June 1812.

5-6 June 1812. Contains an article on the “declaration of public war, without limitation or qualification, against Great Britain, [which] passed on Thursday in the House of Representatives”.

8-9 June 1812. 10-11 June 1812. 12-13 June 1812. 15-16 June 1812. 17-18 June 1812.

19-20 June 1812. Contains the American Declaration of War with Great Britain, dated 18 June 1812.

5 August 1812. 7 August 1812. 12 August 1812.

14 August 1812. This issue is dedicated to recounting the riot that destroyed the offices of the paper on June 22 in Baltimore, its reopening on July 27, at which time they were again attacked with Hanson jailed and almost beaten to death.

17 August 1812. 19 August 1812.

RG 638 Page 15

21 August 1812. Contains a proclamation by Isaac Brock in response to America’s declaration of war against Great Britain, dated at Fort George, 22 July 1812.

24 August 1812. 26 August 1812. 28 August 1812.

31 August 1812. Contains preliminary reports of the capture of Detroit and Gen. Hull’s army by Brock and Tecumseh.

2 September 1812.

4 September 1812. Contains the articles of capitulation agreed to by General Hull and Isaac Brock at Fort Detroit, dated 16 August 1812.

7 September 1812. Contains the British account of the capture of Detroit, and General Hull’s army by capitulation on the 16th of August 1812, reprinted from The Bee. Also contains some brief letters concerning Hull’s capitulation at Detroit.

9 September 1812. Contains a brief article on General Hull’s surrender of Detroit to Gen. Brock. Also contains a proclamation by Isaac Brock to the inhabitants of Detroit, dated 16 August 1812.

11 September 1812. Contains a brief bulletin stating that “Government has received a copy of General Orders issued in New York, June 20th, by General Bloomfield, announcing that War is declared against Great Britain by the United States”. Also contains an extract of a letter from a gentleman at Utica to his friend in New York, commenting on Hull’s surrender to Brock at Detroit. A letter from an officer at Fort Niagara, dated 20 August 1812, states that “Gen. Hull has surrendered Fort Detroit, with all his army, to the British. Gen. Brock, and all the U. States officers and troops are ordered to Quebec, and the militia to return home on parole”.

18 September 1812. Contains accounts of General Hull’s capitulation to Brock and Tecumseh at Detroit, including letters written by Isaac Brock and General Hull, some supplemental articles to the articles of capitulation, and general orders issued after the capitulation.

21 September 1812. Contains lengthy correspondence by General Hull to the Secretary of the Department of War, giving an account of the events at Detroit, dated at Fort George, 26 August 1812.

25 September 1812. Contains letters by General Hull to the Department of War, which accompanied the dispatch published in the previous issue. The letters are dated from August 7- 13, 1812.

28 September 1812. RG 638 Page 16

30 September 1812. Contains a brief extract from a letter from Buffalo concerning the Niagara frontier, stating that “There are now near 2000 men, mostly militia and volunteers, on our lines; but having to guard about 20 miles of the river Niagara, they are much scattered and an attack has been, for the last two days, expected, which if speedily made by the British, I cannot see what will hinder them from possessing all the forts here. There are 10 or 12 small pieces of cannon here to oppose upwards of 100 pieces on the other shore…to complete the gloomy prospect here, our garrison is almost destitute of ammunition…”

2 October 1812. 5 October 1812. 16 October 1812. 19 October 1812. 21 October 1812. 23 October 1812.

26 October 1812. Contains several reports of the Battle of Queenston Heights. The death of Isaac Brock is mentioned.

28 October 1812.

30 October 1812. Contains a lengthy report by Maj. Gen. Van Rensselaer to Maj. Gen. about the Battle of Queenston Heights, dated 14 October 1812. He states that “General Brock is among their dead and his aid-de-camp mortally wounded”.

4 November 1812. 6 November 1812.

9 November 1812. Contains the British official account of the Battle at Queenston. The article is a reprint of the General Orders (giving an account of the attack made by the Americans on Queenston Heights) from the Montreal Herald Extra, dated 21 October 1812. This is followed by another article on the Battle of Queenston, where the author states that “there seems to have been a great defect of both management and gallantry upon the whole; insomuch than an action which ought to have terminated in the complete discomfiture and capture of the enemy, has cost our country in killed, wounded and prisoners, 1000 men, and in desertions and discharges a great many more…The fault is not in the resources of the country either as to men or means, but in the criminal imbecility of administration”.

11 November 1812. Contains a lengthy report on the Battle of Queenston from the National Intelligencer. Includes a list of officers taken prisoner.

13 November 1812. 16 November 1812. 23 November 1812. RG 638 Page 17

25 November 1812. 27 November 1812. 30 November 1812. 2 December 1812.

4 December 1812. Contains a notice by General Alexander Smyth to the soldiers of the army of the centre, dated at a camp near Buffalo, 17 November 1812. The notice was written about 10 days before the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek. Smyth writes that “the time is at hand when you will cross the stream of Niagara to conquer Canada, and to secure the peace of the American frontier…”

7 December 1812. 9 December 1812. 11 December 1812.

14 December 1812. Contains a brief statement that “A letter from Black Rock, dated Dec. 3, says –“Gen. Smyth will make a descent on Canada, within three days”.

16 December 1812. Contains the British declaration of War on the United States, dated 13 October, 1812, from the Court at Carlton-House. Also includes a brief section which may refer to the Battle at Frenchman’s Creek, under the title “The Bullying Campaign closed”. It is stated that “after the volunteer enterprize into Canada the whole army embarked in 60 or 80 boats; that before they had reached the opposite shore, they were ordered back to their encampment; that on the following Monday, they again embarked in obedience to general orders, and before they reached the enemy’s shore, were again ordered to return;…the Militia were notified that their services were no longer required and the Regular Troops directed to prepare for Winter Quarters”.

18 December 1812. Contains a brief article with the title “News from Buffalo”. It is stated that “we have received a long detail of General Smyth’s manoeuvres against Canada, which we have not room to publish today. A partial attack was made by a small force, which succeeded in gaining some of the redoubts of the enemy and spiking their cannon; at the expence, however, of many killed and wounded—Smyth did not support them and the enterprize failed, under a general impression of his cowardice…The invasion is abandoned and the militia dismissed.”

23 December 1812. Contains a detailed account of the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (or, Affair opposite Black Rock) by Alex Smyth, Brig. Gen., dated at a camp near Buffalo, 3 December 1812.

28 December 1812. 30 December 1812.

The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Chronicle, London (SPCL PER AP 4 G3)

RG 638 Page 18

Located with SPCL Periodicals on shelf. Volumes are bound in two parts.

Part II (July-December 1812)

July 1812. Contains a brief article on page 77 about the American declaration of war against Great Britain.

August 1812. Contains a lengthy article on the American declaration of war against Great Britain on page 179, including the Act approved by James Madison on June 18, 1812 formally declaring war.

September 1812. Contains an article on page 282 about the commencement of hostilities between Canada and the United States.

October 1812. Contains an article on page 385 mentioning General Hull’s surrender of Detroit to the British on August 16. Mention of Isaac Brock’s Knighthood is made on page 339.

November 1812. Contains a brief article on page 490 on the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death of Isaac Brock.

December 1812. Contains an update on the war on page 574, providing some details of the British attack on Fort Michilimackinac, led by Capt. Roberts, at the urging of Isaac Brock. A report forwarded to Sir G. Prevost (Governor in Chief) by Isaac Brock is mentioned regarding these events.

A lengthy article beginning on page 576 describes Gen. Hull’s surrender at Detroit to the British forces under Isaac Brock. It is stated that Gen. Brock’s “conduct and services are praised in the highest terms by Gen. Prevost”. Contains Brock’s account of the events in a letter dated at Detroit, August 17.

Supplement to July – December 1812 edition. Contains an account of the Battle of Queenston Heights and the death of Isaac Brock beginning on page 655. Maj.-Gen. Sheaffe provides a lengthy account of the battle in a letter dated at Fort George, October 13. The destruction of a barracks near Black Rock and the capture of the Caledonia are also mentioned in General Orders by Edward Baynes, Adj.-Gen., dated at Montreal, October 21.

A brief obituary of Isaac Brock is included on page 670. It is written that he died “whilst gallantly cheering his troops and encouraging them to sustain their position in opposition to an infinitely superior force…one of the most gallant and zealous officers in his Majesty’s service”.

Part I (January-June 1813)

January 1813. February 1813. RG 638 Page 19

March 1813. Contains some details of the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (the Affair opposite Black Rock). It is stated on p. 277 that “an action took place on the 28th of November between Chippewa [Chippawa] and Fort Erie…The British force was concentrated, and, by the superiority of its discipline and tactics, succeeded in compelling the invaders to a hasty retreat, with great loss”.

April 1813. Contains a reference to the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (the Affair opposite Black Rock) on p. 370-371, mentioning the official accounts of these events by Gen. Sheaffe and Col. Bishopp. A list of the officers wounded at Fort Erie is included.

The marriage of Gen. Brock’s niece, Sarah Selby Brock, is mentioned on page 385.

May 1813. June 1813. Supplement to January - June 1813 edition.

Part II (July-December 1813)

July 1813. Contains some details of the Battle of Stoney Creek on p. 82.

August 1813. September 1813. October 1813.

November 1813. Contains an account of the Battle of Stoney Creek by Gen. Vincent, dated at Burlington Heights, , June 6 (p. 476-477). A report of the killed, wounded, and American prisoners of war is included.

News of the American capture of Fort George is included in a letter from George Prevost to Earl Bathurst (p. 479). A summary of General Vincent’s account of the affair follows, including a return of the killed, wounded and missing, as well as a list of the names of officers killed and wounded.

December 1813. Contains an extract of a dispatch from George Prevost dated at Kingston, July 3, with details of the Battle of Beaver Dams (p. 601-602). This is followed by accounts of the battle by Cecil Bishopp (Lieut. Col. commanding the troops), and Lieut. J. Fitzgibbon.

Supplement to January – June 1813 edition. Contains accounts of a British attack at Black Rock on July 11, 1813, in dispatches received by Earl Bathurst from George Prevost (p. 680). It is written that “the block-houses, barracks, and navy yard, with one large schooner, were burnt: before the whole of the stores were taken away, the Enemy advanced, having been re-inforced by a body of Indians…it was deemed prudent to retreat to the boats”. Includes a return of the killed, wounded and missing. RG 638 Page 20

Part I (January-June 1814)

January 1814. Contains an extract of a dispatch from George Prevost, dated at St.David’s, Niagara Frontier, August 25 (p. 65). He provides an update on the war, including events on the Niagara Frontier. He writes that “I ordered a general demonstration to be made on Fort George…this service was executed to my entire satisfaction…but no provocation could induce the American army to leave their places of shelter, and venture into the field. Having made a display of my force in vain, a deliberate retreat ensued, without a casualty”. He also recounts the capture of two American ships (Julia and Growler), stating that Commodore Sir James Yeo “was fortunate enough, on the night of the 10th inst. to get so close in with the Enemy, as to render an action inevitable, unless they chose to sacrifice two of their schooners in order to avoid it; to this sacrifice submitted, and Sir James had the satisfaction, after a few shots had been fired, to take possession of two very fine schooners…” Reference is also made to the American ships Scourge and Hamilton, which were lost in a storm off the Niagara Coast. It is stated that “on the night preceding that of the capture of the above vessels, two of the Enemy’s largest schooners…overset and sunk…and excepting 16 persons, all on board perished, in numbers about 100.”

February 1814. Contains a letter by George Prevost, in which he mentions the Battle of the Thames (Moraviantown) (p. 170). He writes “that on the 5th of October…it was his [Col. Proctor] intention to take up at the Moravian village on the river Thames, he was attacked by so overwhelming a force…that the small numbers he had with him, were unable to withstand it.” He also mentions Tecumseh, stating that “Tecumseh, at the head of 1200 warriors, accompanied our little army on its retreat from Sandwich; and the Prophet, as well as his brother Tecumseh, were of the most essential service, in arresting the further progress of the Americans; but as to the extent of our loss on this occasion, or the particulars of this disastrous affair, I am, as yet, ignorant”.

March 1814. Contains letters by George Prevost and Col Murray regarding the American abandonment of Fort George and burning of Newark (p. 281-282). Prevost writes that “I have the honour to transmit…Col. Murray’s report…of his having taken possession of Fort George at Niagara, on the 12th inst. without opposition…[the] force arrived in the neighbourhood of Fort George in time to frustrate the Enemy’s predatory designs, and to compel him to effect a precipitate retreat across the …and stained the character of the American nation by the wanton conflagration of the town of Newark, reduced at this most inclement season to a heap of ashes, in direct violation of the reiterated protestations of the American commanding Generals to respect and protect private property”.

A brief account of the British attack on Black Rock on December 30 is found on p. 292. A summary of a proclamation issued by Sir George Prevost is also included, concerning retaliation for the conduct of the Americans during the war. It is stated that “after long forbearance, a severe retaliation on the Americans for their inhuman mode of warfare in their different invasions of Canada, especially for their having, in the midst of a severe Canadian winter, RG 638 Page 21 wantonly burnt the beautiful village of Newark…not only in this, but in a number of other instances, at Sandwich, at the settlements on the Thames, at York and at Fort George. He has ordered…the villages of Lewiston, Black Rock, and Buffalo to be burned…”

April 1814. Contains letters by Col. Murray providing an account of the British attack on Fort Niagara, dated December 19, and by Gen. Riall providing an account of the British attack on Buffalo and Black Rock, dated at Fort Erie, January 1 (p. 377-378).

May 1814. June 1814.

Supplement to January – June 1814 edition. Contains a brief article on the outcome of the trial of Gen. Hull, concerning the capitulation of Detroit to the British under Gen. Brock (p. 684). It is stated that “Hull’s [trial] had been decided against him, on charges of ‘Treason and cowardice in the affairs of Malden and Detroit, neglect of duty and unofficerlike conduct, & c.’ Two thirds of the Court concurred in finding him guilty of all the charges except that of treason, and sentenced him to be shot to death, with a recommendation, however, to mercy, on account of his advanced age and revolutionary services. The President confirmed the sentence, but remitted the execution…Whilst Hull, far from acknowledging this lenity as a favour, published an appeal to the people on the persecution and injustice which he contended he had undergone”.

Part II (July-December 1814)

July 1814. August 1814.

September 1814. Contains reports of the Battle of Chippawa (p. 273-275), including Gen. Riall’s official report, dated at Chippawa, July 6. A return of the killed, wounded and missing is included.

An account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane is provided on p. 282. It is stated that “dispatches from Sir George Prevost…have announced a glorious and important victory obtained on the 25th July, by Gen. Drummond, over the Americans, near the Falls of Niagara”. It is later noted that “…a victory is claimed by the Enemy, who, it is asserted, remained on the battle ground; but unfortunately for this claim, the subsequent retreat is admitted”.

An official account of the British attack on Fort Erie is included on p. 282, taken from the Rhode Island Telescope of August 27th.

An account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane by Gen. Drummond is provided on p.369, in a letter dated near , July 27. A report of the killed, wounded, missing and taken prisoners is included.

RG 638 Page 22

October 1814. November 1814.

December 1814. Contains accounts of the British attack on Fort Erie, including a detailed official report by Gen. Drummond, and a report of the killed, wounded and missing (p. 578- 580). A dispatch by Sir George Prevost on the attack states that “there was the fairest prospect of success at the commencement of the attack, our troops were afterwards obliged to retire without accomplishing their object, and with very considerable loss”.

Further details of the conflict at Fort Erie are found in accounts by Gen. Drummond and Gen. De Watteville, dated at the camp before Fort Erie, September 19 (p. 587-589). De Watteville’s account includes a report of the killed, wounded and missing. The two accounts were enclosed with a dispatch from Sir George Prevost, which states that “I have received from Lieut-Gen. Drummond, reporting the result of a sortie made by the enemy, with a large proportion of his force, from Fort Erie, on the 17th inst., in which the very superior numbers of the American army were at length repulsed with great loss…”

The evacuation of Fort Erie by the Americans on November 5 is mentioned on page 596, referring to the official account of the affair from Kingston, which appeared in the Canada Gazette of the 17th. It is noted that the Americans “having previously blown up the works of the fortress, and reduced it to ruins. The American troops immediately passed over to their own side of the Lake, but General Drummond could make no use whatever of the fortress for winter quarters. The campaign on the Canadian frontier may now be considered as closed on both sides”.

Brief reference to the end of the war is made on page 597, where it is noted that a dispatch had been received from Ghent announcing “that a treaty of peace was signed between his Majesty and the United States of America, by the respective plenipotentiaries at that place, on the 24th inst”.

Supplement to July – December 1814 edition.

Part I (January-June 1815)

January 1815. February 1815.

March 1815. Mentions the official peace between Great Britain and the United States when the Treaty of Ghent was ratified at Washington on February 17. (page 271)

April 1815. May 1815. June 1815. Supplement to January-June 1815 edition RG 638 Page 23

Independent Chronicle, Boston (Box 1)

A semi-weekly paper that was published from 1801 to 1817. It was previously called the Independent Chronicle and the Universal Advertiser, and was later the Independent Chronicle & Boston Patriot (Semiweekly). Publishers were Abijah Adams and Ebenezer Rhoades.

24 August 1812. Contains a proclamation to the inhabitants of Upper Canada by Maj. Gen. Isaac Brock, urging them to support the war. Also contains a commentary on Brock’s proclamation under the heading “The Savage Allies of England”.

22 October 1812.

22 July 1813. Contains a brief update on affairs in Niagara. One account dated July 13 notes that “From the Niagara Frontier we continue to receive unpleasant findings. The enemy are carrying a successful and murderous warfare on the outposts of our army at Fort George.” Another account dated July 12 states that “…a British force of 250 Regulars, crossed the Niagara River and landed below Black Rock…the enemy set fire to the barrack, black house & c…while engaged in getting off the property they were attacked by a force consisting of regulars, militia and Indians, who had come down from Buffalo.” Also contains a letter from a surgeon dated at Fort George, 4 July 1813, who states that “We will remain in this place and are for once celebrating independence in the enemy’s country…the substance of the whole is that Gen. Dearborn has completely succeeded in all his projects; and we are now lying in this place entirely in consequence of the delay of our new frigate. As the enemy have for four weeks had the command of the lake, it was impossible for us to move an inch…”

24 March 1814.

11 July 1814. Contains a brief, preliminary report of the American capture of Fort Erie, under the heading “The Campaign Opened”.

14 July 1814. Contains a report from the Buffalo Gazette of British Regulars burning militia barracks near Lewiston, N.Y.; several accounts of the American capture of Fort Erie; and details of the Battle of Chippawa, including a statement from Maj. Gen. Brown in praise of his troops, and a copy of General Brown's orders to attack at Fort Erie.

18 July 1814. Contains an article under the heading “From Niagara Frontier” with details of the Battle of Chippawa, including the number killed and wounded on both the American and British sides.

21 July 1814. Contains a brief account of the Battle of Chippawa by Maj.-Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, dated 6 July 1814. Also contains a brief extract of a letter to Gen. Bailey, RG 638 Page 24 dated 13 July, where it is stated that “I have heard this evening from the army in Canada. Major General Brown pursued the enemy to Queenstown Heights. The enemy have retreated towards Burlington Heights, and arrangements were made by the Major General to cut him off”.

25 July 1814. Contains a very brief article on the American Victory at Chippawa. It is stated that “General Brown’s victory on the plains of Chippawa…over a superior force of the enemy, is, we hope, the presage of a series of successes in that quarter”.

28 July 1814. Contains an official account of the Battle of Chippawa, with a letter by Major General Brown to the Secretary of War, dated 7 July 1814. Also contains the number of men killed, wounded or taken prisoner in the battle. Also contains an account of the battle by an officer in Gen. Scott’s Brigade, dated at Queenston, 12 July 1814, under the heading “Latest from Niagara”.

4 August 1814. Contains several accounts of the Battle of Chippawa in letters written by Gen. Brown, Gen. Scott, Brig. Gen. Porter, and J. Hindman, Major commanding battalion artillery. Also contains some preliminary accounts of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, under the heading “Another Victory!”, including an extract of a letter written by Capt. Austin, aide-de-camp to Maj.-Gen. Brown.

8 August 1814. Contains an account of the Battle of Bridgewater (Lundy’s Lane) from the Buffalo Gazette Extra, 29 July 1814. Some other details about the battle and the losses sustained can be found on page 2 under the heading “Further Particulars, relative to General Brown’s late battle”. Also contains a detailed account of the battle in a letter written by Dr. E.L. Allen of the 21st Regiment, dated at Buffalo, 26 July 1814. A brief article after this contains the number of British killed, wounded and missing in the Battle of Chippawa, taken from Montreal papers.

Kingston Gazette, Kingston, Ontario (Box 1)

The first newspaper between Montreal and Toronto, and for much of the War of 1812-1814, the only paper in Upper Canada.

2 January 1813.

The London Gazette Extraordinary, London (Box 1)

6 October 1812. Contains correspondence by Sir George Prevost and Isaac Brock concerning the surrender of Detroit. In a letter dated at Detroit, 16 August 1812, Brock writes that “I hasten to apprize your Excellency of the capture of this very important post. Two thousand five hundred troops have this day surrendered prisoners of war, and about twenty-five pieces of RG 638 Page 25 ordnance have been taken without the sacrifice of a drop of British blood. I had not more than seven hundred troops, including militia, and about six hundred Indians, to accomplish this service.” Also contains the articles of capitulation approved by Gen. Hull and Gen. Brock, and a proclamation by Brock to the inhabitants of Detroit.

27 November 1812. Contains correspondence by Sir George Prevost and Gen. Sheaffe, providing accounts of the Battle of Queenston Heights. In a letter dated at Fort George, 13 October, 1812, Sheaffe writes that “the enemy made an attack with a considerable force this morning before daylight, on the position of Queenston. On receiving intelligence of it, Major- General Brock immediately proceeded to that post, and I am excessively grieved in having to add, that he fell whilst gallantly cheering his troops to an exertion for maintaining it”. Mention is made of the Mohawk Chief John Norton and the assistance he provided in the battle, writing that “Norton is wounded, but not badly: he and the Indians particularly distinguished themselves”. He writes that “no officer was killed besides Major-General Brock, one of the most gallant and zealous officers in His Majesty’s service, whose loss cannot be too much deplored, and Lieutenant-Colonel McDonell, Provincial Aide-de-Camp, whose gallantry and merit rendered him worthy of his chief”.

Massachusetts Mercury, Boston (Box 1)

10 June 1800.

Merrimack Intelligencer, Haverhill, Mass. (Box 1)

22 May 1813. Contains a brief entry on page 3 about the impending American attack on Fort George. It is stated that “Com. Chauncey …was expected again at Niagara the beginning of the present week, when it was believed operations would immediately commence against Fort George”.

The Military Monitor and American Register, New York (SPCL PER E 351 M64)

31 August 1812. Contains the articles of capitulation agreed to by Gen. Hull and Gen. Brock on the American surrender of Detroit to the British, dated 16 August 1812. Also includes a proclamation by Isaac Brock to the inhabitants of Detroit, issued after the surrender.

12 October 1812. 19 October 1812.

23 November 1812. Includes a brief extract of a letter to the editors, dated at Rome, N.Y., 18 November 1812. It is written that “Commodore Chauncey has actually captured two British RG 638 Page 26 vessels on the lake, a sloop and schooner. Col. Brock, relative of the late Gen. Brock was taken prisoner; and it is said, and generally believed, that the body of the General, was also on board in a hogshead of spirits (we have seen it related, in several papers, that the General was buried with military honors near Newark—if so, the account of his being taken prisoner in a hogshead of spirits is not probable -- Editors)”.

A proclamation addressed “to the men of New York” by Gen. Smyth, dated at Buffalo, 10 November 1812 is included on the back page. Smyth hopes to raise volunteers to participate in an attack on Canada at Niagara. He writes that “in a few days, the troops under my command will plant the American standard in Canada. They are men accustomed to obedience, silence and steadiness. They will conquer, or they will die”.

14 December 1812. Contains a brief entry on an attack by the Americans (p. 127). It is written that “about 300 soldiers and sailors crossed the Niagara, took two batteries, spiked the cannon and returned. The success attending these partial invasions are so many proofs that, if well supported, a serious impression might be made on the enemy’s country. It is generally supposed that the reluctancy of the militia to cross the line, is to be attributed, that the intended invasion has not hitherto taken place, and that operations must, from the lateness of the season, be suspended…until spring, when it must be attempted by a very superior force, or not at all”.

21 December 1812. Contains a commentary of Gen. Smyth’s attack at Niagara in November 1812. It is written that “the news from The Army of the Centre as detailed in General Smyth’s dispatch to a certain committee, is—to say the least concerning it, of a gloomy complexion…which will require victories to blot it from the page of history and prevent the stained record from becoming indelible” (p. 134).

11 January 1813. Briefly mentions Tecumseh in an article about a skirmish between the Americans and British allied Indians. It is stated that “the Indians were of the Delaware and Miami tribes, entirely destitute of any kind of valuable property. It was stated that Tecumseh, with 4 or 500 warriors, was about 15 miles from the scene of action, and our troops anticipated another attack on their return” (p. 160).

1 February 1813. 29 March 1813. 5 April 1813. 12 April 1813. 26 April 1813. 31 May 1813.

National Intelligencer, Washington City (Box 1)

RG 638 Page 27

The Intelligencer was an American newspaper that was established in Washington by Samuel Harrison Smith, a young Jeffersonian-Republican from Philadelphia. The paper was a supporter of the Jefferson and Madison administrations until 1810 when it was sold to Joseph Gales Jr. from North Carolina. In 1812 William Seaton joined Gales as a publishing partner. The paper made significant contributions to the nation and wielded considerable influence in political circles during its publication.

15 August 1811.

24 October 1812. Contains some early accounts of the Battle of Queenston Heights under the heading “Invasion of Canada”.

10 November 1812. Contains a list of the American officers killed, wounded and imprisoned at the Battle of Queenston Heights. Also contains a brief announcement of the death of Isaac Brock, stating that “In the war of the Revolution, no Major General or British provincial governor was killed so early as within the first four months after its commencement. Major General Brock, Governor of Upper Canada, has fallen before the gallant raw troops of our country.”

2 February 1813. Contains an account of the attack opposite Black Rock (also known as the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek), written by Col. William Winder, dated at Black Rock, 7 December 1812.

8 April 1813. 22 May 1813. 25 May 1813.

8 June 1813. Contains an article on the American capture of Fort George. It is stated that “the British retreated in great disorder, being pursued by our troops in every direction—they immediately blew up their magazines in Fort George and evacuated the works, leaving the British colors flying, which were soon supplanted by the American standard.”

24 June 1813. Contains a brief article on the American retreat to Forty Mile Creek and Fort George after the Battle of Stoney Creek. Also contains an article on the Battle of Newark, including an extract of the General Orders issued by Gen. Scott prior to the attack. It is stated that “the enemy fled, leaving 260 of his regulars, killed and wounded, on the field…after fifteen or twenty minutes struggle, the American arms again triumphed in Canada.” Also contains a letter written by Maj. Gen. Lewis to the Secretary of War, dated 14 June 1813, informing of Gen. Dearborn’s resignation due to illness, and recounting the events in the aftermath of the Battle of Stoney Creek. This is followed by a brief letter from Dearborn to Lewis, asking that he retreat to Fort George, dated 6 June 1813. A report of the killed, wounded, and missing in the Battle of Stoney Creek is also included.

RG 638 Page 28

29 June 1813. A brief entry states that “We have information from our Army at Fort George as late as the 22nd, when all was well; and Gen. Dearborn, having in some degree recovered from his severe indisposition, had resumed the command of the Army.”

28 December 1813. Contains a brief report of the American abandonment of Fort George and the subsequent burning of Newark by the Americans.

16 August 1814. Contains a brief article on a skirmish near Black Rock under the heading “Latest from Niagara”. Also contains an article on the defeat of General Brown at Fort George. A brief article on the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane) taken from British accounts is also included.

15 October 1814 . Contains a brief entry dated at Albany, October 11, stating that about 300 British prisoners from the sortie from Fort Erie passed through the city.

New England Palladium, Boston (Box 1)

23 October 1812. Contains several preliminary accounts of the Battle of Queenston Heights. It is reported that Gen. Brock and one of his aids were killed.

18 May 1813.

17 December 1813. Contains General Orders by Adj. Gen. Baynes dated at Montreal, 21 November 1813, commenting on an official report issued by Maj. Gen. Proctor, including the events of the Battle of the Thames (Moraviantown). He writes that the conduct of the Indian Warriors was misrepresented, and that “instead of retreating towards Machedash, [they] gallantly maintained the conflict under their brave chief, Tecumseh, and in their turn harassed the American army on its retreat to Detroit”.

New Hampshire Patriot, Concord, N.H. (Box 1)

Supplement to the New Hampshire Patriot, 30 June 1812. Contains a complete printing of "The Manifesto", a resolution of the Committee of Foreign Relations of the United States recommending war with Britain.

The New York Weekly Museum, New York (Box 1)

24 October 1812. Contains an article on the Battle of Queenston Heights, taken from the Albany Gazette.

RG 638 Page 29

16 October 1813.

23 October 1813. Contains a brief entry on the American victory near Moraviantown, on the river Thames, in an extract of a letter from General Harrison to the Secretary of War. It is mentioned that “the Ottawas and Chippewas have withdrawn from the British, and have sent in their warriors to beg for peace, promising to agree to any terms that I shall prescribe”. It is also mentioned that “the celebrated Main Pock is at the head of the hostile band on the Detroit side of the Streight. Tecumseh heads that which remains with the British”. Also contains a brief entry about an attack on a British picket guard near Fort George and that “after considerable skirmishing with various success, finally succeeded in driving them into a wood, with no great loss on either side”.

30 October 1813. Contains a brief entry on the Battle of the Thames (Moraviantown), with details provided from Gen. Harrison’s official account of events. It is stated that “…the Indians dispersed after the attack”. The numbers of British, Indian, and Americans killed and wounded are included.

The News, London (Box 1)

10 January 1813. 28 March 1813. 25 April 1813. 9 May 1813. 27 June 1813. 18 July 1813. 5 September 1813. 19 September 1813. 3 October 1813. 10 October 1813. 24 October 1813. 31 October 1813. 21 November 1813. 28 November 1813. 5 December 1813. 12 December 1813. 19 December 1813.

The Niagara Spectator, Town of Niagara, Upper Canada (Box 1)

25 December 1817. The first page contains a table titled “List of Widows whose Husbands have been Killed in Action, or by any Casualty or Accident while on Duty, or have Died of Wounds RG 638 Page 30 received in Action, or from Disease contracted on Actual Service during the late War with the United States of America”. The table contains the name of widow; name and rank of late husband; service or reg. to which he belonged; action in which or how killed, or deceased and when; period for which pension is in course of payment; Canada currency dollars 5s.

The third page contains a table titled “List of Orphan Children whose Fathers have been killed in Action, or have died from Wounds received, or Disease contracted on Service”. The table contains the name and rank of deceased father; the regiment or service he belonged to; the action in which killed, or how deceased; time of decease (Sept. 1812-March 1815); name of guardian; the period for which pension is in course of issue; and the province currency, dollar at 5s.

The last page contains an article with the heading “To the inhabitants of the District of Niagara” about remedying loss of land title in the late war.

The Niagara Spectator, Town of Niagara, Upper Canada (RG 41, Niagara Region newspaper collection, Box 2)

8 July 1819.

Philadelphia Mercantile Advertiser (Box 2)

9 April 1814.

Portsmouth Oracle, Portsmouth, N.H. (Box 2)

14 August 1813. A brief entry on page 3, dated at Buffalo, 27 July, states that “three of our armed schooners have arrived at Fort Niagara, which brought up between 2 and 300 sailors, who passed here on Friday last, to enter on board Com. Perry’s squadron at Erie”.

15 January 1814. A paragraph on page 3 gives a brief British account of the capture of Fort Niagara. It is also mentioned that the town of Batavia had been burnt by the British.

29 January 1814.

12 February 1814. Contains a commentary on the American denial of the burning and plundering of British settlements during the War, including those around Queenston and Newark. Several quotes reporting such events are included from both British and American sources. The headline is “Retaliation”.

19 February 1814. RG 638 Page 31

23 April 1814. 7 May 1814. 28 May 1814. 18 June 1814.

16 July 1814. Contains a report of the American capture of Fort Erie, with the heading “Progress of the War—Year Third”.

3 December 1814. 17 December 1814. 24 December 1814. 31 December 1814. 18 March 1815.

The Repertory & General Advertiser, Boston (Box 2)

4 February 1812. 17 April 1812. 29 May 1812. 10 July 1812. 14 July 1812. 17 July 1812. 7 August 1812. 14 August 1812. 18 August 1812.

21 August 1812. Contains a proclamation to the inhabitants of Upper Canada by Maj. Gen. Isaac Brock, dated 22 July 1812. It begins “The unprovoked declaration of War by the United States of America, against the United Kingdoms of G. Britain and Ireland, and its dependencies, has been followed by the actual invasion of this Province…”

25 August 1812. 1 September 1812.

4 September 1812. Contains a section with the headline “Surrender of the American N. Western Army, under Gen. Hull, to the British Army under General Brock”. Contains some brief correspondence, and the British account of the capture of Detroit and General Hull’s army by capitulation on the 16 August 1812, taken from the Bee and published at Niagara on 22 August 1812.

8 September 1812. Contains the Articles of Capitulation on the surrender of Fort Detroit, and a proclamation by Isaac Brock “by which it appears that in addition to the fall of Detroit, and the RG 638 Page 32 loss of the American army at that post, a cession was made to the British government of the whole territory of Michigan in the capitulation entered into by Gen. Hull”.

11 September 1812. Contains a letter written by Lieut. Bacon to his brother on 17 August 1812 at Detroit describing the events leading to the surrender at Detroit. Contains several other articles following about the same event, some speculating on the causes which led to the American surrender.

14 September 1812. Contains a letter written by Isaac Brock to Gen. Hull dated 15 August 1812. Brock states that “the force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you the immediate surrender of Fort Detroit. It is far from my inclination to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops, will be beyond my control the moment the contest commences”. Gen. Hull replies in a letter dated the same day, stating that “I have no other reply to make, other than to inform you that I am prepared to meet any force, which may be at your disposal, and any consequences which may result from any exertion of it you may think proper to make. I avail myself of this opportunity to inform you that the flag of truce under the direction of Capt. Brown, proceeded contrary to the orders and without the knowledge of Col. Cass…” Also includes additional articles of capitulation, and the British account of Ordnance taken in the Fort and Batteries at Detroit.

29 September 1812. 2 October 1812. 6 October 1812.

23 October 1812. Contains preliminary reports of the Battle at Queenston under the headline “Important from Our Frontiers”, including several different accounts of the events. The death of Gen. Brock and one of his aides is mentioned.

3 November 1812. Contains a more detailed account of the Battle at Queenston, including the number of prisoners and wounded. It concludes that “The corps of Gen. Brock and Col. McDonald, were conveyed to Newark, and interred near the Fort, with martial honors. Gen. B. was 53 years of age, a real gentleman, and one of the best generals in the British provinces”.

13 November 1812. 17 November 1812.

24 November 1812. Contains a brief entry dated at Camp Buffalo, October 26. It is written that “We are making preparations for another descent on Canada, though there is an armistice…on the river between the lakes. We have nearly 2000 men, and depend upon it, we shall be in Canada by the middle of November!”

27 November 1812.

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8 December 1812. Contains some brief entries on the termination of an armistice at Niagara, and the expectation of an invasion by the Americans under General Smyth.

Salem Gazette, Salem, Massachusetts (Box 2) 22 September 1812. Contains a lengthy letter by Col. Lewis Cass to the Secretary of War, dated at Washington, 10 September 1812, describing the events of General Hull’s surrender of Detroit to Gen. Brock and the British forces. A commentary on General Hull’s capitulation of Detroit is included under the heading “General Hull”, as well as a brief biography.

The Spectator, printed and published for the proprietors at the Village of St. Davids, Upper Canada. (RG 519, Woodruff Family fonds) May 1816. Contains a brief entry on the Indian Chief Norton, stating the “the brevet commission of Major has been given to the Indian Chief, Norton. He is the son of Scotchman”. An extract from a Boston paper mentions the Canadian volunteers [Canadians who fought on the American side in the war], stating that “the President has issued his proclamation, giving notice to the Canadian volunteers that the lots of land granted to them by the late act of Congress, will be located at Vincennes and Jeffersonville, at either of which places the grantees may appear on the first Monday in June next, and receive their locations”. A list of approved claims related to “sundry supplies of Provisions, Forage & c. [that] furnished the Troops, and others, during the late war; which were laid before the Board of Claims in October last, will be paid on application at this office…” The announcement is dated at Fort George, April 12, 1816.

Thomas’s Massachusetts Spy, or Worcester Gazette, Worcester (Box 2) 1 March 1815. The front page of this issue has the: "Treaty of Peace and Amity, between his Britannick Majesty and the United States of America." The eleven articles of the treaty follow, signed in type: John Q. Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin, and several others. Page 2 also has a message from the President that he forwarded a copy of the treaty to Congress, signed in type: James Madison.

The Times, London, England (Box 2) 16 June 1813. RG 638 Page 34

28 July 1813. Contains an account of the American attack and takeover of Fort George by Edward Baynes, Adj. Gen., dated at Quebec, June 11. A brief account of the Battle of Stoney Creek is also provided under the heading “Good news from Upper Canada—Important Consequences of General Vincent’s Victory.” Also contains a proclamation issued by Sir George Prevost, dated 14 June 1813, describing the Battle of Stoney Creek. The proclamation (issued in response to an American proclamation issued after their takeover of Fort George) also warns inhabitants against “listening to this insidious offer of the enemy, of trusting to their assurances of protection, which subsequent events have clearly proved they are so little able to afford to themselves”. The description of the Battle of Stoney Creek follows. An entry on page 3 mentions the lack of reporting on the American victories in Upper Canada in the latest Sunday issue Extraordinary Gazette. It is stated that “…it is proper…that the public should know, that before the Americans were repelled by the victory near the heights of Burlington, they had captured all the forts on the Niagara, Fort Erie, Fort George & c. up to those heights; and had in truth become possessed of the Niagara frontier”.

Upper Canada Guardian, Niagara-on-the-Lake (RG 41, Niagara Region newspaper collection, Box 2) 23 February 1811. Contains an article mentioning Gen. Brock, dated at York, February 1, 1811, which states that “this day…his Excellency the Lieutenant Governor accompanied by Brigadier General Brock, left the Government House to open…the Legislature…[he] was pleased to deliver the following speech…”

The War, New York (Box 4)

Contains a comprehensive bound volume of issues, as well as some loose issues. An index to the principal events precedes volumes I & II in the bound volume. A chronological index to the principal events in volumes I-III can be found at the end of the third volume.

Volume I (June 27-1812-June 8, 1813)

27 June 1812.

4 July 1812. Contains an Act by President James Madison declaring war between the and the United States of America (dated June 18, 1812), and a proclamation issued the following day by Madison declaring war.

11 July 1812. 18 July 1812. 25 July 1812. RG 638 Page 35

1 August 1812. 8 August 1812. 15 August 1812. 22 August 1812. 29 August 1812

5 September 1812. Contains an article on the capture of General Hull and his army at Detroit. It is noted that “no official account of this event has yet been received in this city, but abundance of corroborating testimony is received from various quarters, which justify us in its belief”.

12 September 1812. Contains a more detailed account of General Hull’s surrender at Detroit under the leadership of Isaac Brock and Tecumseh. Includes a copy of the articles of capitulation agreed to by Hull and approved by Brock, dated 16 August 1812.

19 September 1812.

26 September 1812. Contains General Hull’s official account of the surrender of Detroit to the British.

3 October 1812. Contains copies of letters from General Hull regarding the events at Detroit. It is mentioned that Tecumseh was slightly wounded during the skirmish.

10 October 1812. 17 October 1812.

24 October 1812. Contains an article on the Battle of Queenston, noting that Brock “is certainly slain”.

31 October 1812. Contains an article on the Battle of Queenston, noting that “our informant saw the funeral of General Brock. The guns at Fort Niagara were fired during the ceremony as a mark of respect due to a brave enemy”.

7 November 1812. 14 November 1812. 21 November 1812.

28 November 1812. Contains a proclamation “To the Men of New York” by General Alex Smyth, 10 November 1812, from a camp near Buffalo. It is prefaced with a note that “the following curious proclamation of Gen. Smyth was circulated in the western counties of this state for the purpose of raising volunteers, with what effect we have yet to learn…”. The proclamation was issued shortly before the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (also known as the Affair opposite Black Rock) on November 28.

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5 December 1812. Contains a proclamation “To the Soldiers of the Army of the Centre” by General Alex Smyth, 17 November 1812, from a camp near Buffalo. It begins “The time is at hand when you will cross the stream of Niagara, to conquer Canada, and to secure the peace of the American frontier”.

12 December 1812.

19 December 1812. Contains General Smyth’s account of the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (also known as the Affair opposite Black Rock), dated 3 December 1812.

4 January 1813. Contains Peter Porter’s account of events at the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (the affair opposite Black Rock), dated at Black Rock, 14 December 1812.

9 January 1813.

16 January 1813. 19 January 1813.

26 January 1813. Contains a report of Tecumseh’s capture by General Tupper at a battle above the Rapids of the Miami. A description of “General Tecumseh” is included.

2 February 1813. 9 February 1813. 16 February 1813. 23 February 1813. 2 March 1813. 9 March 1813. 16 March 1813. 23 March 1813. 30 March 1813. 6 April 1813. 13 April 1813.

20 April 1813. Contains a brief article under the heading “Military”, where it is noted that “It is said by intelligent officers that our force will probably be divided into two principal divisions, the larger in the vicinity of Niagara, and the remainder at Sacket’s Harbor, and they will co- operate at the same time in the attack on the .”

27 April 1813. 4 May 1813. 11 May 1813. 18 May 1813. 25 May 1813.

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1 June 1813. Contains an article under the heading “Interesting Particulars”, describing the treatment of American prisoners taken during the late engagement at the [Maumee River] Rapids. It is noted that “the prisoners were taken to the old fort…Having been left in the fort under a small guard, the Indians broke in upon them and killed a number. Two of the English soldiers were killed by the Indians in attempting to defend them; Tecumseh and col. Elliot soon came to their relief and put an end to the massacre. Tecumseh, in particular, was much enraged at the conduct of the Indians”.

8 June 1813. Contains an article on the capture of Fort George by the American forces, as well as the capture of Fort Erie.

15 June 1813. Contains official accounts of the capture of Fort George, including copies of letters from Com. Chauncey to the Secretary of the Navy; copies of letters from Major-General Dearborn to the Secretary of War; and a public declaration addressed to the Canadians, stating that “all those who may come forward and enroll their names with him and claim the protection of the U. States, shall have their property and persons secured to them inviolate.”

Volume II (June 22-1813-June 14, 1814)

22 June 1813. Contains a letter describing the Battle of Stoney Creek with the heading “Events of the War”. It is noted that “on our western frontier, in a letter from a gentlemen of intelligence and observation, in the county of Ontario, to the printers of the Albany Gazette, dated at Bloomfield, June 15”.

29 June 1813. Contains the official account of the action at Stoney Creek, including a copy of a letter from Major-General Lewis to the Secretary of War, dated at Niagara, 14 June 1813.

6 July 1813. Contains a brief mention of the Battle of Beaver Dams, under the heading “Bad News from Canada”. It is reported that “Sunday’s steam-boat brought a report of another disaster to our army in Canada, a detachment of which, about 900 men, have been defeated, and nearly all taken prisoners. The action was fought at Beaver Dam, about 7 miles from Queenstown. The particulars are not yet received”.

13 July 1813. Contains an article on the “Affair at Beaver Dams”, including a copy of a letter from Major-General Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated at Fort George, 25 June 1813.

20 July 1813.

27 July 1813. Contains an article on the attack on Black Rock, with further particulars compiled from the Buffalo Gazette.

3 August 1813 (Vol. II no. 7). Contains an article on the Battle of Beaver Dams, consisting of an account of the action by Major C. Chapin taken from the Buffalo Gazette.

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3 August 1813. (Vol. II, no. 8)

17 August 1813.

24 August 1813. Contains an account of a naval engagement on , during which two American ships (Scourge and Hamilton) were sunk during a storm off the Niagara coast. Two other American ships (Julia and Growler) were captured by the British. The account is dated at Sacket’s Harbor, August 13, 1813.

31 August 1813. Contains the official British account of the capture of the American schooners (Julia and Growler) on Lake Ontario. Com. Chauncey’s statement on the affair is also included.

7 September 1813. Contains a brief article on an attack on the pickets at Fort George, consisting of a copy of a letter from Brig. Gen. Boyd to the Secretary of War, dated Aug. 24.

14 September 1813. 21 September 1813. 28 September 1813. 5 October 1813. 12 October 1813. 19 October 1813.

26 October 1813. Contains an article describing the Battle of the Thames (Battle of Moraviantown) with the headline “From the North-West: Submission of the Indians—Detroit re-occupied”. Includes several letters from Gen. Harrison to the Department of War describing the action, dated from September 30-October 9, 1813.

2 November 1813. Contains a brief entry under the headline “Latest from Our Armies”, noting that “Tecumseh, the celebrated Indian warrior, was found among the dead of Proctor’s army”.

9 November 1813.

16 November 1813. Contains a description of Tecumseh and his death at the Battle of the Thames, taken from a letter by Maj. Thomas Rowland to his friend, dated October 9.

23 November 1813.

30 November 1813. Mentions Gen. Harrison’s arrival in New York, and his confirmation of the report of Tecumseh’s death.

7 December 1813. 14 December 1813. 21 December 1813.

RG 638 Page 39

28 December 1813. Contains the official British account of the capture of Proctor’s army (at the Battle of the Thames, or Moraviantown).

4 January 1814. Contains several accounts of the British burning Lewiston, and their attack on Fort Niagara [following the burning of Newark by the Americans]. The accounts include a letter from Gen. Tompkins to the Secretary of War; a letter from Brig. Gen. Timothy Hawkins of the New York militia to Daniel Tompkins, Commander-in-Chief; an anonymous account; and a notice to the inhabitants of Niagara, Genesee, and Chatauque by Geo. McClure, Brig. Gen., commanding officer, Niagara Frontier. The accounts are dated between December 18-24, 1813.

11 January 1814. Contains an account by George McClure to the public on the events on the Niagara Frontier, including the American’s abandonment of Fort George and the burning of Newark. This is followed by a brief article on the British burning of the villages of Black Rock and Buffalo.

18 January 1814. Contains an update on the Niagara Frontier, with a letter from Gen. McClure reporting the loss of Fort Niagara and the burning of the villages of Youngstown, Lewiston, Manchester and the Indian Tuscarora village, dated December 22. Also contains official British accounts of the recapture of Fort George and capture of Fort Niagara.

25 January 1814. Contains a brief update on the Niagara Frontier describing the destruction in Black Rock and Buffalo after the British invaded and destroyed many of the buildings with fire.

1 February 1814. Contains a proclamation by George Prevost, commander of the British forces in North America, on the recent events on the Niagara Frontier, dated January 12, 1814.

8 February 1814. Contains General Orders from Canadian papers reporting to the troops a successful attack on Black Rock on December 30. Also contains an article on the Fall of Fort Niagara, with details provided by Robert Lee, who had been captured by the British in the attack and was later released. 15 February 1814. Contains letters from Maj. Gen. A. Hall to the Governor of the State of New York about the recent events on the Niagara Frontier, including the British capture of Fort Niagara, and the burning of Lewiston, Black Rock and Buffalo. The letters are dated from January 6-January 14, 1814. 22 February 1814. Contains a brief account of the British attack on Black Rock and Buffalo by J.A. Barker and Lieut. Jesse Warner, who escaped from the British and crossed the Niagara River to the safety of an American camp. (p. 147) 1 March 1814.

RG 638 Page 40

8 March 1814. Contains detailed accounts of the Battle of Stony Creek. The first account is in a letter from Col. James Burn, 2nd light dragoon, to Maj. Gen. Dearborn. Another account is given in a letter by John Chandler, Brig. Gen., to Maj. Gen. Dearborn.

15 March 1814. Contains several letters from John P. Boyd, Brig. Gen., to the Secretary of War, referring to the naval engagement on Lake Ontario near Niagara, which resulted in the loss of the American schooners Scourge and Hamilton during a storm, followed by the capture of the American ships Julia and Growler. The letters are dated August 8-15, 1813.

22 March 1814. Contains a brief letter from Maj. Gen. Harrison to the Secretary of War reporting the American victory over the British at Moraviantown, by the Thames River. The letter is dated October 5, 1813.

29 March 1814. 5 April 1814. 12 April 1814. 19 April 1814. 26 April 1814 5 May 1814 10 May1814 17 May 1814 24 May 1814

31 May 1814. Contains a brief letter from John Armstrong to Brig. Gen. McClure, officer commanding at Fort George, dated October 4, 1813. The letter notes that “understanding that the defence of the post committed to your charge may render it proper to destroy the town of Newark, you are hereby directed to apprize its inhabitants of this circumstance, and invite them to remove themselves and their effects to some place of greater safety”. Another letter from McClure to the Secretary of War, dated December 10, 1813, describes the abandonment of Fort George by the Americans and the burning of Newark. McClure further describes the situation in a letter dated December 13, 1813.

7 June 1814 14 June 1814.

Volume III (June 21, 1814-September 6, 1814)

21 June 1814. 28 June 1814. 5 July 1814.

RG 638 Page 41

12 July 1814. Contains a brief entry with the headline “Fort Erie Taken”. The entry states that “a letter from Buffalo, contains the gratifying intelligence that Fort Erie surrendered, by capitulation, on the 3rd instant, to a part of the forces under the immediate command of Gen. Brown. The prisoners are on their march to Greenbush”.

19 July 1814. Contains an article with the headline “Fort Erie Captured”. Includes the General Orders issued by the Adjt. Gen.’s Office, left Division, dated July 2, 1813 [the day prior to the attack]. This is followed by a description of the action on July 3. An article on the Battle of Chippewa [Chippawa] is also included, consisting of General Orders issued after the battle by C.K. Gardner, Adjt. Gen., and a letter from an Officer present during the battle.

26 July 1814.

2 August 1814. Contains the official American account of the Battle of Chippawa. Contains a letter from Maj. Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, dated July 7, 1814. Also includes a return of the killed, wounded and prisoners in the action near Chippewa [Chippawa] submitted by C.K. Gardner; return of the British prisoners of war who surrendered by capitulation with Fort Erie; and a letter from an officer in General Scott’s brigade. The official British account consists of general orders submitted by J. Harvey, dated July 9, 1814. Brief mention of the burning of St. Davids and Queenston by the Americans is made, as well as the British official account of the Battle of Chippewa [Chippawa] stating the number of losses, wounded and missing (p. 28).

9 August 1814. Contains a lengthy account of the Battle of Chippewa [Chippawa], including a description of the action in a letter written by W. Scott, Gen. 1st Brigade, dated July 15, 1814; a description of the action in a letter by J. Hindman, Maj. Com. Batt. Artillery; and the British official account in a general order by Edward Baynes, Adjt. Gen., dated July 13, 1814. Also includes an account of the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane), which took place on the 25th [of July].

16 August 1814. Contains an account of the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane) in a letter by Capt. L. Austin, aid to General Brown, dated July 29, 1814. Also contains a British account of the battle, taken from the Montreal Herald Extra. Also includes an account of an attack by the British just below Black Rock near Buffalo, in a letter dated August 3 (p. 36).

23 August 1814. Contains the official British account of the Battle at Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane) including General Orders by Edw. Baynes, Adjt. Gen., and J. Harvey, Lt. Col.; an account of the officers killed, wounded and missing; and an account of the action in a letter by an officer in Gen. Drummond’s army, dated July 27. A description of the is also included in two separate letters, both dated August 15, 1814 (p. 39).

RG 638 Page 42

30 August 1814. Contains General Brown’s official account of the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane), including a report of the killed, wounded and missing and a return of the prisoners taken in the battle. Also contains descriptions of the siege of Fort Erie, including letters from Brig. Gen. Gaines, dated August 7 and 11; the report of Major Morgan, dated August 5; the death of Major Morgan, dated August 13; and a letter by Edmund Gaines reporting the defeat of the British at Fort Erie, dated August 15. An account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane by an officer of Gen. Brown’s army dated August 2 is also included. (p.44).

6 September 1814 (vol. III, no. 12, whole number 116). Contains accounts of the siege of Fort Erie by the British, including an extract of a letter from an officer of Gen. Brown’s army, dated August 17, and the British order and plan of attack on Fort Erie, dated August 14 (p. 47).

Vol. III, no. 13, whole number 117. An official account of the defence of Fort Erie is provided in a letter from Brigadier-General Gaines to the Secretary of War, dated August 23 (p. 57); an official report of the killed, wounded and prisoners taken; General Ripley’s report; and an official British account by J. Harvey, Lt. Col. Dep. Adj. Gen.

A lengthy article on the sortie from Fort Erie is also included (p. 59). This includes accounts from Major General Brown, Brigadier General Porter, and the number, name and rank of officers killed, wounded and missing. The official British account is also included, containing the district general order by J. Harvey, Lieut. Col. Dept. Adj. Gen., dated September 18.

Also contains accounts of the action at Lyon’s Creek (Battle of Cook’s Mills) on p. 61. This includes an account by C.K. Gardner (by order of Maj. Gen. Izard), dated October 23, 1814; and General Bissell’s report, dated October 22, 1814. These accounts were concluded with the following: “Nothing of importance occurred on the Niagara frontier, until the 5th of November; when Fort Erie, according to previous arrangement, was blown up, and the whole American force recrossed the Niagara, and went into winter quarters on the American side”.

The Treaty of Peace is reported on p. 70, signed at Ghent on December 24, 1814, and ratified by the American government on February 18, 1815. Contains the text of the Treaty, which includes eleven articles.

The Washingtonian, Windsor, Vermont (Box 2)

31 August 1812. This issue includes an "exact and authentic narrative of the events which took place in Baltimore on the 27th and 28th of July last [re Baltimore Riot of 1812].

17 May 1813. Contains a brief extract of a letter dated at Albany, May 8, just a few weeks prior to the American bombardment and takeover of Fort George. It is stated “that Gen. Lewis was RG 638 Page 43 preparing to cross at Niagara, with a strong force. It was presumed that General Dearborn would march his troops to cut off the retreat of the British from Fort George, while the fleet would cooperate with him. This would ensure to us the whole Canada frontier”.

12 July 1813. Contains a brief entry on Fort George, stating that fortifications were being repaired and General Dearborn was too sick to be removed. Also contains a commentary on Maj.-Gen. Lewis’ account of the Battle of Stoney Creek. Another account of the same battle written by an American officer follows. Several brief accounts of the Battle of Beaver Dams are included, under the heading “More Bad News from Canada”.

The Weekly Aurora, Philadelphia, PA (Box 2)

21 February 1815. Contains a Treaty of Peace Amity between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. The treaty is printed over 3 pages and includes 11 articles. Also contains an article on the last page summarizing and commenting on the treaty, taken from the London Globe, 27 December 1814.

The Weekly Messenger, Boston (Box 2)

13 December 1811.

26 June 1812. Contains a declaration of war by James Madison dated 18 June 1812, and a proclamation by Madison confirming war, dated 19 June 1812.

23 October 1812. Contains preliminary accounts of the Battle of Queenston Heights with the headlines “Defeat of Van Rensselaer’s Army” and “Bad news from the Frontiers”.

5 February 1813. 2 April 1813. 16 April 1813. 23 April 1813. 30 April 1813.

11 June 1813. Contains an account of the American capture of Fort George, dated at the Repository Office, Canandaigua, May 29.

16 July 1813. Contains an account of the Battle of Beaver Dams by Gen. Dearborn in a letter to the Secretary of War, dated at Fort George, 25 June 1813. Also contains an account of the Battle of Stony Creek in a letter by an Officer in the , dated 22 June 1813. Also includes a commentary on the Battle of Beaver Dams originally published in the Albany RG 638 Page 44

Argus. It is stated that “The surrender of our troops at Beaver Dam, if our accounts can be relied on, turns out to be one of the most disgraceful transactions for our army that has been recorded since the opening of the campaign”. 30 July 1813. 13 August 1813. 17 September 1813.

15 July 1814. Contains an account of the American capture of Fort Erie, including the General Orders issued by Gen. Gardner shortly before the attack, dated 2 July 1814. Also contains an account of the Battle of Chippawa, including General Orders issued by Gen. Gardner on behalf of Gen. Brown, dated 6 July 1814.

The Weekly Register, Baltimore (SPCL PER JK 1 N52)

The Weekly register was a Baltimore, , newspaper published and edited by Hezekiah Niles. Devoted primarily to politics, the Weekly register is considered an important source for the history of the period.

Consists of both bound volumes and loose issues. All issues are shelved with SPCL periodicals.

7 September 1811. 14 September 1811. 21 September 1811. 28 September 1811. Supplement to 28 September 1811 edition. 5 October 1811. 12 October 1811. 19 October 1811. 26 October 1811. 2 November 1811. 9 November 1811. Supplement to 9 November 1811 edition. 15 November 1811. Supplement to 15 November 1811 edition. 23 November 1811. 30 November 1811. 7 December 1811. 14 December 1811. Supplement to 14 December 1811 edition. Subsequent weekly editions up to and including 29 February 1812 edition.

RG 638 Page 45

19 September 1812. Contains an article from the Montreal Gazette about Gen. Hull’s surrender of Detroit to the British forces, led by Isaac Brock. Includes some correspondence between Gen. Hull and Gen. Brock, some articles of capitulation, General Orders issued by Brock after the surrender, and a Return of Ordnance taken in the Fort and Batteries at Detroit.

Also contains an official account of the events at Detroit by Col. Cass, dated at Washington, September 10, 1812. He states that “having been ordered onto this place by Col. McArthur, for the purpose of communicating to the government such particulars respecting the expedition lately commanded by Brigadier-General Hull and its disastrous result, as might enable them correctly to appreciate the conduct of the officers and men, and to develop the causes which produced so foul a stain upon the national character, I have the honor to submit for your consideration the following statement…” A commentary on the surrender can be found on page 44-45.

24 October 1812. Contains a brief, preliminary report of the Battle of Queenston Heights under the heading “Events of the War” on page 125. Also contains an article on some skirmishing around Black Rock and Fort Erie involving the British vessels Caledonia and Detroit on page 127.

31 October 1812. Contains an address to Governor Meigs of from officers of the of the Ohio militia, regarding the capitulation of Detroit by Gen. Hull (page 134). It is followed by the Governor’s reply, dated September 26, 1812. A lengthy account of the preparation for the invasion of Queenston Heights and the ensuing battle is included in a letter from Maj. Gen. Van Rensselaer to Maj. Gen. Dearborn, dated at Lewiston, 14 October 1812 (p. 138-140). He writes that “General Brock is among their slain, and his aid-de-camp mortally wounded”. A detailed article with further particulars of the battle follows this letter. It is mentioned that at the funeral of General Brock, “the guns at Fort Niagara were fired during the ceremony as a mark of respect due to a brave enemy”.

7 November 1812. Contains a few particulars of the Battle of Queenston Heights on page 154, under the heading “Events of the War”. An extract of a letter from an officer in the American army describing the Battle of Queenston Heights is included on page 156, dated at Lewiston, October 17, 1812.

Also contains an account of skirmishing around Black Rock and Fort Erie involving the British vessels Detroit and Caledonia (loaded with furs worth $200,000). The letter is written by Captain Elliot to the Secretary of the Navy of the United States, dated at Black Rock, October 8. (pages 157-158).

14 November 1812. Contains a detailed report of the Battle of Queenston Heights on pages 169-170. The deaths of Isaac Brock and his aid McDonald [Macdonell] are reported. A list of officers taken prisoner in the battle is included.

RG 638 Page 46

21 November 1812. Contains a brief letter from Gen. Van Rensselaer to Brig. Gen. Smyth, dated at Buffalo, 24 October 1812. Van Rensselaer makes note of the officers who distinguished themselves in the Battle of Queenston Heights.

5 December 1812. Contains a proclamation by Brig.-Gen. Smyth to the soldiers of the army of the Centre, stating that “the time is at hand when you will cross the stream of Niagara, to conquer Canada, and to secure the peace of the American frontier”. It is dated near Buffalo, 17 November 1812, just prior to the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (Affair opposite Black Rock).

19 December 1812. Contains details of the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (Affair opposite Black Rock) taken from the Ontario Messenger and an extract of a letter from an officer at Buffalo, dated November 29, 1812 (page 249). It is also mentioned on this page that “Major-General Brock was appointed a knight of the Bath for his victory at Detroit. The American colors taken there have been exhibited with great triumph in London”.

Also contains an official report by Geo. McFeeley, Lieut. Col. commanding Fort Niagara, to Gen. Smyth, concerning heavy cannonading on November 21, 1812 (page 250). It is noted that “several times during the cannonading, the town of Newark was in flames, but was extinguished by their engines—as also the centre building in Fort George. Their mess house and all the buildings near it were consumed”. The number of Americans killed and wounded is included at the end of the report.

A lengthy article on the Battle of Frenchman’s Creek (Affair opposite Black Rock) is included, taken from the Ontario Messenger, published at Canandaigua, N.Y. (pages 251-252)

6 March 1813. 13 March 1813. Supplement to March 13 issue. 20 March 1813. 27 March 1813. 3 April 1813. 10 April 1813. 17 April 1813. 24 April 1813. 1 May 1813. 8 May 1813. 15 May 1813.

22 May 1813. It is mentioned in a letter dated May 6 that a squadron was to leave Fort Niagara with the troops, supposedly for Fort George (p. 200). This was shortly before the American takeover of Fort George.

29 May 1813.

RG 638 Page 47

5 June 1813. Contains a brief entry on the American attack on Fort George, dated at Fort Niagara, May 25. It is stated that “in attempting to bring some of our boats down the river, they were fired upon from the opposite shore; this brought on a cannonading all down the lines—Not a house or barrack is left standing in or near Fort George! All have been burnt. Not a man injured on our side. A movement will be made immediately” (p. 232).

12 June 1813. Contains news that “the whole of the Niagara frontier, from Fort George to Fort Erie, is in our possession”. The official accounts of the events follow, including a letter from Maj. Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated 27 May 1813; a letter from Gen. Morgan Lewis to Gen. Dearborn, dated On the Field, 27 May 1813; another letter from Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated 29 May 1813; and a brief letter from Com. Chauncey to the Secretary of the Navy, dated 28 May 1813, stating that “…the American flag is flying upon Fort George. We were in quiet possession of all the forts at 12 o’clock”. This is followed by two more detailed accounts of the action by Com. Isaac Chauncey (p. 239-241).

Further brief reports of the aftermath of the American capture of Fort George are found on page 242.

19 June 1813. Contains articles about the capture of Fort George, including an extract of a letter to the editors of the Mercantile Advertiser, dated at Fort George, 4 June 1813 (p. 260).

Also contains a preliminary report of the Battle of Stoney Creek, in a letter by Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated at Fort George, 6 June 1813, and a private letter to the Secretary of War dated at Fort George, 8 June 1813. Also contains further particulars of the battle from the private correspondence of the editors of the Baltimore “Whig” (p. 262-263).

26 June 1813. Contains a return of the loss of the army of the United States in the action of the 27th May, 1813 [American capture of Fort George] on page 271. Also contains a brief letter from Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War commending the officers and men involved in the fighting on May 27.

An account of the Battle of Stoney Creek is given in a letter from Maj. Gen. Lewis to the Secretary of War, dated at Niagara, 14 June 1813. Also includes a report of the killed, wounded and missing in the action of the 6th June, at Stoney Creek. A brief letter to Gen. Lewis from Gen. Dearborn recalling him and the troops to Niagara due to the appearance of the enemy’s ships on June 6 is also included (p. 271-271). Also contains a letter from the Kingston Gazette Extraordinary from Adj. Gen. Baynes, dated at Kingston 8 June 1813, reporting on the Battle of Stoney Creek, declaring that the Americans were “completely defeated by a spirited attack at day break on the 6th” (p. 273).

3 July 1813.

10 July 1813. Contains an account of the Battle of Beaver Dams in a letter from Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War dated at Fort George, 25 June 1813. An extract of a letter received in RG 638 Page 48

Washington and dated at Fort George, 28 June, provides a commentary on the battle, stating that “Boerstler ought to have retreated. His stand was gallant, but injudicious, the fault was that of a brave but uninstructed or ill-advised officer” (p. 305-306).

A British proclamation by George Prevost is included, and advises residents to be wary of an American proclamation issued at Fort Erie on May 30, urging citizens to profess their loyalty in exchange for protection. Prevost “deems it necessary to caution his majesty’s subjects in this province against listening to this insidious offer of the enemy, or trusting to their assurances of protection, which subsequent events have clearly proved they are so little able to afford to themselves”. He then proceeds to recount “the brilliant action of the 6th” [Battle of Stoney Creek]. A proclamation by Gen. Vincent congratulating the troops on the success of the Battle of Stoney Creek is found on page 307, dated 7 June 1813. A letter dated at Camp, Forty Mile Creek, 7 June 1813 provides details of the capture of Generals Chandler and Winder during the Battle of Stoney Creek.

17 July 1813. Contains a brief account of the Battle of Beaver Dams (p. 324).

24 July 1813. Contains a brief article on a British attack at Black Rock, during which “the enemy set fire to the barracks, block-house, &c. spiked several pieces of cannon, and took a quantity of flour, salt…and four field pieces, 6 pounders…Although the retreat of the enemy was precipitate, they succeeded in taking away the above property, which was doubtless their object in crossing over”. (p. 338)

It is also mentioned that “the army at Fort George remained inactive…It appears that the British re-occupy the Niagara frontier—It is probable no attempt will be made against them until after the long-looked for contest on the lake, between Chanucey and Yeo, on which the present success of either party depends”. (p. 338)

A brief summary of the Battle of Beaver Dams is given in General Orders issued by E. Baynes, Adj. Gen. dated at Kingston, June 28. (p. 338-339). He writes that “a report has just been received from brig. Gen. Vincent, of a most judicious and spirited exploit achieved by a small detachment…which terminated in the defeat and entire capture of a considerable detachment of the American regular army, under the command of Lieut. Col. Boerstler…”

31 July 1813. Contains two different accounts of the Battle of Butler’s Farm written by army officers, dated at Fort George, July 9 and July 12 (p. 352). The first letter states that “the British and Indians lay in far superior force; consequently, after a short but gallant struggle, [our] party was defeated…13 were killed, or after being wounded, were barbarously murdered…the adjutant was wounded and seen led through the woods by two Indians…the body (as is supposed) of lieutenant Eldridge, the adjutant of the 13th, has been brought in this moment…”

A brief letter from Col. Boerstler, taken prisoner during the Battle of Beaver Dams, to his father, is included on p.353. RG 638 Page 49

Further particulars of the attack on Black Rock are included on page 353.

A brief account of skirmishing around Fort George is included in a letter from Gen. Boyd to the Secretary of War, dated July 20.

7 August 1813. Contains some further details of the British attack on Black Rock, including comments on the conduct of the Indians fighting alongside the Americans (p. 370-371). A brief comment follows concerning the Americans involved in the Battle of Butler’s Farm, noting that “it is stated that three of ensign Eldridge’s party, taken a short time since in the vicinity of Fort George, by the allied forces, were burnt!” (p. 370). An account of the Battle of Beaver Dams is included in a letter dated at Newark, 15 July 1813 (p. 371).

An account of the Battle of Beaver Dams by Maj. Chapin, taken from the Buffalo Gazette of July 20, is included on p. 372-373.

14 August 1813. 21 August 1813.

28 August 1813. Contains a letter from Gen. Boyd to the Secretary of War, dated at Fort George, August 13, 1813, describing a skirmish there. It is reported that “a body of volunteers, militia and Indians, under the command of Gen. Porter…having arrived at this place, and very impatient to engage the enemy, a plan was this morning concerted to cut off one of his pickets…A heavy rain, and other untoward circumstances defeated the primary object, but in a skirmish which ensued…our Indians captured twelve of the British Indians and four whites. Many of the enemy’s dead were left on the field, among whom is supposed to be the famous Chief, Norton” (p. 418).

Contains a lengthy extract of a letter from Isaac Chauncey to the Secretary of the Navy, dated at Sackett’s Harbor, 13 August 1813, describing the events leading up to the loss of the American ships Scourge and Hamilton in a storm, and the capture of the American ships Julia and Growler (p. 421-422).

22 January 1814. Contains a brief update on the Niagara frontier, stating that “we have a variety of particulars yet to record that belong to the history of the late devastation of the Niagara frontier, which shall be duly noticed as soon as the facts are clearly substantiated” (p. 351).

British official accounts of the recapture of Fort George, and capture of Fort Niagara are included, taken from the Montreal Courant of December 31, 1813 (p. 351-352).

Niles’ Weekly Register, Baltimore (SPCL PER JK 1 N52)

RG 638 Page 50

The Weekly register was a Baltimore, Maryland, newspaper published and edited by Hezekiah Niles. Devoted primarily to politics, the Weekly register is considered an important source for the history of the period. This publication continues the Weekly Register.

5 March 1814.

Supplement to 5 March 1814. Contains a series of correspondence from Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, dated between February 8, 1813 and June 8, 1813. Some of the letters provide accounts of the American capture of Fort George and the Battle of Stoney Creek (p. 23- 24).

12 March 1814. Contains a continuation of the correspondence between Gen. Dearborn and the Secretary of War, dated between June 6, 1813 and June 25, 1813. Correspondence by other American officials such as John Chandler and Samuel Conner (aide-de-camp of Gen. Dearborn) are also included. Some letters provide accounts of the Battle of Stoney Creek (p. 25) and the Battle of Beaver Dams (p. 28).

Contains a letter from Gen. Boyd to the Secretary of War dated at Fort George, August 12, 1813, reporting the loss of the ships Scourge and Hamilton in a storm, and the capture of the ships Julia and Growler. He writes that “about the 9th instant he [Chauncey] was so unfortunate as to lose, in a squall, two small schooners, which upset. On the night of the 10th a severe cannonade was heard on the lake, which we ascertained in the morning, resulted in the loss of two of our smallest schooners” (p. 29).

19 March 1814.

26 March 1814. Contains a letter from Gen. Wilkinson to the Secretary of War dated at Sackett’s Harbor, August 30, 1813, where the captured American ships Julia and Growler are referred to. It is stated that “agreeably to my information, Sir James Yeo sailed for the head of the lake the 22nd inst. with the two captured schooners in addition to his squadron” (p. 60).

2 April 1814.

9 April 1814. Contains correspondence between Gen. George McClure and Lt. Col. Harvey concerning the burning of Newark by the Americans in December 1813 (p. 102-103). McClure writes that “Lieut. Gen. Drummond’s communication…stated…that he wished to know whether the atrocious act of burning Newark was the unauthorized act of an individual, or by the order of government…”. The subsequent letter from Donald Fraser (for Lt. Col. Harvey) notes that “I have to state in reply, by order of brigadier general Geo. McClure, that he is only accountable to his government for any act of procedure of his while in command. As it respects the ‘atrocity’ of the act of burning Newark (as you please to call it) you will certainly admit it is not without a precedent”. Further correspondence mentions destruction inflicted by the Indian allies of the British in Lewiston.

RG 638 Page 51

16 April 1814. Contains a letter from Brig. Gen. McClure (N.Y. militia) to the Secretary of War, dated at Niagara, December 10, 1813, which describes the abandonment of Fort George by the Americans (p. 108). He writes that “from the most indubitable information, I learn that the enemy are advancing in force...this movement determined me in calling a council of the principal regular and militia officers left at Fort George this morning. They all accorded in opinion that the fort was not tenable with the remnant of force left in it. I, in consequence, gave orders for evacuating the fort since dusk…The village of Newark is now in flames. This step has not been taken without counsel…” Further correspondence on pages 109-110 describe the subsequent actions of the British, noting that “…every building in Newark is reduced to ashes. The enemy is much exasperated, and will make a descent on this frontier, if possible…” Another letter from Gen. McClure dated 25 December 1813 describes the circumstances under which Fort Niagara was captured. He writes that “it is a notorious fact that, on the night on which Fort Niagara was captured, Captain Leonard was much intoxicated and left the fort about 11 o’clock p.m. I am assured that he has since given himself up; that he and family are now on the Canadian side of the strait.”

The burning of Buffalo is also mentioned in a letter from Gen. Cass to the Secretary of War, dated January 12, 1814. He writes that “I passed this day the ruins of Buffalo. It exhibits a scene of distress and destruction, such as I have never before witnessed…” On the capture of Fort Niagara, he writes that “the fall of Niagara has been owing to the most criminal negligence. The force in it was fully competent to its defence. The commanding officer, Captain Leonard, it is confidently said, was at his own house three miles from the fort…Captain Rodgers and Captain Hampton…were absent from it”.

A lengthy article on Brig. Gen. Tecumseh is found on p. 111-112, taken from Brown’s views of the campaigns of the north western army. The article includes a description of Tecumseh’s death and his character. It is written that “after his fall on the 5th of October, his person was viewed with great interest by the officers and soldiers of Harrison’s army…there was a kind of ferocious pleasure, if I may be allowed the expression, in contemplating the contours of his features, which was majestic even in death”. It was also mentioned that “Tecumseh’s sister was…at Quebec, and Lady Prevost gave her many presents including mourning ornaments” (p. 114).

23 April 1814. 30 April 1814.

7 May 1814. Contains the proceedings of the court martial in the case of General Hull, dated at Washington, April 25, 1814. It is written under the charge of treason that “Brig. Gen. did then and there traitorously and shamefully abandon and surrender the said fort, called fort Detroit…(which it was his duty…to maintain and defend)…together with all troops, regulars as well as militia…to the British forces…under the command of major-general Brock…” (p. 156).

14 May 1814. 21 May 1814. RG 638 Page 52

28 May 1814. 4 June 1814. 11 June 1814. Supplement to 11 June 1814. 18 June 1814. 25 June 1814. 2 July 1814. 9 July 1814. Supplement to 9 July 1814.

16 July 1814. Contains an article on the American capture of Fort Erie and the Battle of Chippawa, taken from the Utica Gazette (p. 336). Includes General Orders issued by Maj. Gen. Brown, dated at Chippewa [Chippawa] Plains, July 3, 1814. An article taken from the Buffalo Gazette of describing the capture of Fort Erie and mentioning the Battle of Chippawa is included on page 337.

A brief letter from Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, dated at Chippewa [Chippawa] Plains, 6 July 1814, describes the Battle of Chippawa.

23 July 1814. Contains General Hull’s defence to the citizens of the United States, dated June 1, 1814 (p. 345-347). Also contains a brief description of the Battle of Chippawa, stating that it “appears to have been the most regular and best fought battle since the war. Major General Brown’s details are very interesting, and private letters speak in the highest terms of the steadiness, valor and good discipline of our troops” (p. 354). Also contains General Brown’s orders on entering Canada, dated July 2, 1814, just prior to the American capture of Fort Erie and the Battle of Chippawa. A lengthy account of these events are given in a letter by Gen. Brown to the Secretary of War, dated July 7, 1814. A return of the killed, wounded, and prisoners of the enemy and the Americans are included (p. 354-355). Also contains a return of the British prisoners of war who surrendered by capitulation with Fort Erie.

30 July 1814. Brief mention of the Battle of Chippawa is made on p. 368, stating that it “appears to be more and more honorable to the skill and courage of our officers and men.” The number of British killed, wounded and taken prisoner at Chippawa is included on the bottom of the page, taken from other papers. The British account of the battle can be found on p. 370, including a General Order issued by the Deputy Adj. General’s office, dated at Kingston, 9 July 1814. 6 August 1814. Contains the official number of British killed, wounded and missing in the Battle of Chippawa (p. 389). Also contains some brief information on the burning of St. David’s by the Americans, taken from the Buffalo Gazette. It is written that “since the American army arrived at Queenston, there were several teams in the United States’ employment, attacked by armed inhabitants of a place called St. David’s…petty skirmishing took place in the vicinity of that place. In order to put a stop to these proceedings, a party of Gen. Porter’s volunteers, RG 638 Page 53 commanded by Col. Stone, marched for St. David’s, and a few of the volunteers were killed. A part of the village was then burnt. The act we learn was perfectly unauthorized. Gen. Brown has dismissed the officer who commanded the expedition” (p. 389-390). Also contains an account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane in a letter from Captain L. Austin, aid to Gen. Brown, to the Secretary of War, dated at Buffalo, 29 July 1814. The letter begins with the headline “Glorious Victory by Gen. Brown: second battle of Chippeway” (p. 392). More information on the battle follows from unofficial accounts and other newspapers. Supplement to 6 August 1814. Contains a letter from Gen. Scott to the Adj. Gen., dated at Queenston, July 15, 1814, concerning the Battle of Chippawa, and commending the conduct of those involved (p. 399). 13 August 1814. Contains accounts of the Battle of Chippawa by J. Hindman (Maj. Com. Bat. Art.) and Brig. Gen. Porter (p. 401-402). Also contains the British official account of the Battle of Chippawa, including a return of the killed, wounded and missing (p. 402). Also includes an account and plan of the Battle of Chippawa, taken from the Ontario Messenger. Contains a brief mention of the dismissal of Lieut. Col. Stone for the burning of St. David’s. It is stated that “…it was done without his orders, that he is ignorant of the person who did it, and that he received his dismissal without an opportunity to justify himself” (p. 410). Details of the movements of the American troops in Niagara are included in correspondence by to the Secretary of War, dated July 22 and July 25 (p. 411). Also contains a lengthy article on the Battle of Bridgewater (Battle of Lundy’s Lane), taken from multiple sources (p. 412-415). Sources include the Buffalo Gazette Extra of July 28; extract of a letter from E.L. Allen of the 21st Regiment to his brother; a letter from an officer in the army to his friend; and an extract of general orders. The siege of Fort Erie by the British is mentioned on p. 416. It is stated that the captain of a small trading vessel coming from Buffalo “confirms the information of an attack on Fort Erie by the British; and adds, that after heavy cannonading for two hours, the enemy were repulsed at all points…” 20 August 1814. Contains a letter from Col. Stone to the editor of the Ontario Repository, concerning the burning of St. David’s (p. 426). He writes that after dislodging the enemy’s troops from St. David’s, he left, and shortly after, “much to my surprise, I discovered the village of St. David’s on fire; by whom it was set, or by whose order, I have yet to learn…” Also contains a copy of general orders that hold Stone accountable for the burning of St. David’s and announce his retirement from the army. Contains some details on the British attack on Fort Erie around August 5 (p. 428). An official British account of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane is included on p. 430. RG 638 Page 54

27 August 1814. Contains Gen. Brown’s report to the Secretary of War on the Battle of Lundy’s Lane (p. 433-435). Includes reports of the killed, wounded and missing, as well as a return of those taken prisoner. Multiple accounts of the British siege of Fort Erie are found on pages 436-438. Announcements from the British Adj. General’s office concerning the conduct of the troops at the Battle of Lundy’s Lane can be found on pages 438-440, with details of the killed, wounded and missing. Contains a brief article on the Ancaster Bloody Assize (p. 440). The article is dated Montreal, August 6, and it is stated that “We learn from Upper Canada, that the Special Commission which his honor Lieut. Gen. Drummond directed to be convened at Ancaster, has terminated its session; and has convicted fifteen persons of High Treason, in having been found in arms against his majesty’s government; and that eight of them were executed at Burlington on the 20th July. The remaining seven have been reprieved”. An update on the British attack on Fort Erie is given on p. 441. 19 November 1814. Contains an account of the action at Lyon’s Creek (Battle of Cook’s Mills), in a letter by C.K. Gardner for Gen. Izard, dated at a camp near Fort Erie, October 2, 1814 (p. 171). An account by Gen. Bissell follows, dated at Frenchman’s Creek, 22 October 1814. A report of the killed and wounded under his command is included. 11 February 1815.