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Baseline Study Report

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Baseline Study Report MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE KIGALI, RWANDA National Domestic Biogas Programme Rwanda Baseline Study Report Final Version November 2007 Authors: Elisabeth-Maria Huba Eva Paul MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE KIGALI, RWANDA NDBP Rwanda Baseline Study Report 2007 Baseline Study NDBP Rwanda CONVERSION UNITS 5 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1.1 Background 9 1.2 Survey methodology 9 1.3 Main survey results 10 1.4 Lessons learned and challenges 12 2. INTRODUCTION 14 2.1 The country 14 2.1.1 Geography and administration 14 2.1.2 Economy 15 2.1.3 Poverty 16 2.1.4 Environment concerns and energy supply 20 2.2 The National Domestic Biogas Programme 21 3. OBJECTIVES, APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGIES 25 3.1 Objectives of the Baseline Study 25 3.2 Approaches 26 3.3 Methodologies 28 3.3.1 Questionnaire development 29 3.3.2 Survey process 29 3.3.3 Data analysis 31 4. DISTRICT PROFILES 33 4.1 Kamonyi 33 4.2 Gasabo 34 4.3 Ruhango and Nyanza 34 4.4 Rulindo 36 2 MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE KIGALI, RWANDA NDBP Rwanda Baseline Study Report 2007 4.5 Gatsibo 37 4.6 Overview on district and country data 38 5. ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY RESULTS 41 5.1 Household characteristics 44 5.1.1 Current Situation of Households 44 5.1.2 Aimed Impact of the NDBP on Household Situation 57 5.1.3 Lessons learned about challenges and opportunities for the NDBP 57 5.2 Energy demand and supply 61 5.2.1 Current situation 61 5.2.2. Energy demand and supply: Aimed impact, and lessons learned on challenges and opportunities for the NDBP 67 5.3 Water, sanitation & health 68 5.3.1 Current situation water supply 68 5.3.2 Water supply – challenge and opportunity for NDBP 71 5.3.3 Sanitation, waste water and waste discharge 71 5.3.4 Sanitation – impacts aimed by NDBP 73 5.3.5 Sanitation – challenges and opportunities for NDBP 74 5.3.6 Health – current situation 74 5.3.7 Health – aimed impact by NDBP 77 5.3.8 Health – challenges and opportunities for NDBP 77 5.4 Household Economy 78 5.4.1 Current economical situation 78 5.4.2 Aimed impact of the NDBP 86 5.4.3 Lessons learned about challenges and opportunities for the NDBP 87 5.5 Development plans, investments and expected impacts 89 5.5.1 Future plans and projects 89 5.5.2 Investments: willingness and ability 91 5.5.3 Aimed impacts, challenges and opportunities for NDBP 94 5.6 First Biogas Applicants 96 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 99 6.1 Conclusions 99 6.2 Recommendations on activities of the NDBP 100 6.3 Recommended alliances for accompanying activities 101 6.4 Selection criteria for areas with high implementation potential 102 3 MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE KIGALI, RWANDA NDBP Rwanda Baseline Study Report 2007 Index of Figures Figure 1: Administrative map of Rwanda ................................................................................ 14 Figure 2: Distribution of cattle in Rwanda according to region in 2003 ................................... 16 Figure 3: Kamonyi District ....................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4: Gasabo District ......................................................................................................... 34 Figure 5: Ruhango District ....................................................................................................... 35 Figure 6: Nyanza District ......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 7: Rulindo District ......................................................................................................... 36 Figure 8: Gatsibo District ......................................................................................................... 37 Index of Tables Table 1: National livestock data ............................................................................................... 15 Table 2: Calculation of sample size ......................................................................................... 30 Table 3: Interviews conducted in the districts .......................................................................... 31 Table 4: Overview and comparison of official country data and sampled districts .................. 38 Table 5: Main findings ............................................................................................................. 41 Table 6: Additional formation: contents and participation ....................................................... 46 Table 7: Number of cattle in sample households, districts and the country ............................ 48 Table 8: Stabling systems ....................................................................................................... 49 Table 9: Average distance between house and stable (% of households in each category) .. 50 Table 10: Average size of seasonal cultivated surface in sampled districts ........................... 53 Table 11: Hours spent fetching water per day ......................................................................... 55 Table 12: Hours spent fetching wood per day ......................................................................... 55 Table 13: Calculation for firewood equivalent by biogas, based on sample data ................... 58 Table 14: Main energy sources used for different purposes in rural households(%) .............. 61 Table 15: Main firewood sources for household supply (%) ................................................... 63 Table 16: Distance to and from firewood sources ................................................................... 64 Table 17: Problems with firewood supply and use .................................................................. 64 Table 18: Frequency of meals, warm meals and cooking sessions ........................................ 65 Table 19: Selection of most important cooked foodstuff in sampled households ................... 65 Table 20: Rate of diversification of stoves used by households for cooking ........................... 66 Table 21: Energy sources for lighting and entertainment ........................................................ 67 Table 22: Average quantity fetched per day and household from different sources ............... 69 Table 23: Distance to and from water source .......................................................................... 69 Table 24: Degree of satisfaction with water supply ................................................................. 71 Table 25: Toilet situation ......................................................................................................... 72 Table 26: Wastewater situation ............................................................................................... 73 Table 27: Waste handling ........................................................................................................ 73 Table 28: Opinion about household’s health situation ............................................................. 74 Table 29: Affected persons and main diseases ...................................................................... 75 Table 30: Inscription in Community-based Health Insurance .................................................. 76 Table 31: Price ranges of main assets owned by sampled households ................................. 79 Table 32: Overview on income estimations (% of sampled households) ................................ 80 Table 33: BOP Low Income Population in Rwanda ................................................................ 81 Table 34: Sampled households grouped according to BOP categories .................................. 82 Table 35: Distribution of expenditures among BOP segments at country level (total and rural share) ....................................................................................................................................... 83 Table 36: Distribution of expenditures among BOP segments in NDBP Baseline Survey ..... 84 4 MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE KIGALI, RWANDA NDBP Rwanda Baseline Study Report 2007 Table 37: Amount of Credit received ....................................................................................... 86 Table 38: Payback periods ...................................................................................................... 86 Table 39: Priorities in energy needs within the next years ...................................................... 90 Table 41: Financial costs (USD) of a domestic biogas plant ................................................... 95 Table 42: Financial and economic value of direct and indirect benefits .................................. 95 Index of Charts Chart 1: Household size .......................................................................................................... 44 Chart 2: Main occupation of household members ................................................................... 45 Chart 3: Education level of household members ..................................................................... 45 Chart 4: Average distance to local infrastructure .................................................................... 47 Chart 5: Daily available cow dung on sampled farms ............................................................. 51 Chart 6: Ratio between zero-grazing systems and daily dung production .............................. 51 Chart 7: Responsibility for cattle .............................................................................................. 52 Chart 8: Main agricultural produce of the sampled households .............................................
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