(AP) Module 8: Fools for Gold
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Samuel Hearne & the Landscapes of Discovery
SAMUEL HEARNE & THE LANDSCAPES OF DISCOVERY /. S. MacLaren Like men of every age, we see in Nature what we have been taught to look for, we feel what we have been prepared to feel. - MARJORIE NICOLSON1 A.LTHOUGH THE LITERARY MERIT of Samuel Hearne's A Journey . .. to the Northern Ocean ( 1795) has been recognized, and while the narrative has been deemed "one of the most sophisticated early journals and narratives," a search has not yet been undertaken for demonstrations of this sophistication in either the explorer's writing style or the ways in which his pen and pencil describe and depict the terrain through which he conducted his truly astonishing feats of exploration.2 Only six years after the publication of Hearne's Journey, Alexander Mackenzie published his Voyages. In his Preface, he recognized that, as a fur trader like Hearne, he was "better calculated to perform the voyages, arduous as they might be, than to write an account of them."3 Not a candidate for literary fame, he is anxious that his narratives manifest sufficient "charms of embellished narrative, or animated description" to suit the demands being made on travel literature by the British readers of his and Hearne's day. These demands issued, in large part, out of a taste for landscape tours which had developed during the course of the second half of the eighteenth century. A book publisher could not afford to bring out a book of travel which ignored the prevailing expectations of treatments of nature in terms of the Sublime and the Picturesque. -
SAB 015 1994 P14-26 the Unlikely 18Th Century Naturalists Of
Studies in Avian Biology No. 15: 14-26, 1994. THE UNLIKELY 18TH CENTURY NATURALISTS OF HUDSON’S BAY C. STUART HOUSTON Abstract. The Hudson’s Bay Territory, which included the entire drainage basin west to the Rocky Mountains, although one of the most thinly occupied areas in all of North America, was second only to South Carolina as the North American locality which contributed the most type specimens of birds. The collectors, fur traders ofthe Hudson’s Bay Company, were Alexander Light, James Isham, Thomas Hutchins, Humphrey Marten, Andrew Graham, and Samuel Heame. My researches in the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives and the Royal Society library have solved the long-standing confusion about the relative contributions of Andrew Graham and Thomas Hutchins to the Observationspublished in 1969 by the Hudson’s Bay Record Society. I have transcribed for publication the separate original “journals” of Graham and Hutchins and have compiled the largest dictionary of Cree Indian names of birds. Isham and Graham collected the most type specimens. Heame was the best naturalist. Hutchins, the medical doctor and best scientist, was the only one to have a taxon named for him. Key Words: Hudson’s Bay Territory; Alexander Light; James Isham; Humphrey Marten; Andrew Graham; Samuel Hearne; Thomas Hutchins; type specimens. From the Hudsons’ Bay Territory, one of front of scientific ornithology and taxono- the most thinly occupied areas in all of North my. America, came improbable but extremely Severn, with a year-round population of important contributions to 18th-Century 20 white fur traders, and Albany with 33, ornithology. -
Samuel Hearne (1745-1792)
100 ARCTIC PROFILES Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) SamuelHearne was contradictorya and controversial rant a biography and too ineptto deserve respect. The opposite character. He was a gentleman who avoided violence when heevaluation places him high on the roster of giants who made could, but lashed out when it was necessary to achieve his the Age of Discovery the most adventuresome era in history. goal;he loved good clothes and food, but could go long Hearne was born in 1745 in London. He was an indifferent periods without either; he drank almost no alcohol, but on his schdboy and at the age of eleven was in the Royal Navy retirement joined the exclusive Bucks Club in London whose under the command of Admiral Samuel Hood. He saw action solepurpose was to get roaring drunk and go rampaging during the Seven Years War but left the Navy and, in 1766, through nighttime streets. As an historical figure, commen- became an employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, which tators then, and historians now, have never agreed on what sent himto Fort Prince of Walesat the mouth of the Churchill manner of man he was or on the significanceof his work. To River, one school he was an arrant coward,too unimportant to war- The charter of the Hudson’s &y Company gave it virtual ., .a I;. - ...-.r^i:.>: ARCTIC PROFILES 101 sovereignty over all the lands draining into the west shores of home a lump of the ore which can still be seen in the British Hudson Bay, but it provided also that the Company explore, Museum, London. -
ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. -
The Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 – 18 and Early Advances in Arctic Vertebrate Zoology Kamal Khidas1
ARCTIC VOL. 68, NO. 3 (SEPTEMBER 2015) P. 283 – 292 http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4505 The Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 – 18 and Early Advances in Arctic Vertebrate Zoology Kamal Khidas1 (Received 4 April 2014; accepted in revised form 5 November 2014) ABSTRACT. A century ago, an international team of scientists sailed under the Canadian flag to the western Canadian Arctic, via the Bering Strait, to achieve the goals of the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913 – 18. This major expedition was a milestone in the history of Canada. The scientists explored a vast, unknown sea and land area that extended from the Alaskan northern coast to Bathurst Inlet in Canada, and from Meighen Island to approximately 160 – 200 km inland from the continental coasts. This area had never been explored by an expedition before, and many parts of it had never been visited (except, presumably, by Inuit and their ancestors). The expedition resulted in a remarkable harvest of terrestrial and marine plants and animals, and associated data. The scientists furthered geographic and scientific knowledge of the Arctic and published 74 reports in various scientific fields, yet none of these addressed vertebrate zoology. The present report attempts to make up for this deficiency. Overall, the CAE collected and preserved 2084 vertebrate specimens and inventoried 139 species, which together fairly depicted the Arctic vertebrate community. Almost all specimens are preserved at the Canadian Museum of Nature. They significantly supplemented the rather meagre vertebrate collections of the Museum of those times and have since prompted the continuing development of these collections. Key words: Canadian Arctic Expedition; Arctic; Arctic vertebrates; Canadian Museum of Nature; vertebrate collections; Vilhjalmur Stefansson; Rudolph Martin Anderson RÉSUMÉ. -
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area's Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area’s Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community by Gwynneth Jones Research and & Aboriginal Law and Statistics Division Strategic Policy Group The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. i Table of Contents Abstract ii Author’s Biography iii I. Executive Summary iv II. Methodology/Introduction vi III. Narrative A. First Contact at Great Slave Lake, 1715 - 1800 1 B. Mixed-Ancestry Families in the Great Slave Lake Region to 1800 12 C. Fur Trade Post Life at 1800 19 D. Development of the Fur Trade and the First Mixed-Ancestry Generation, 1800 - 1820 25 E. Merger of the Fur Trade Companies and Changes in the Great Slave Lake Population, 1820 - 1830 37 F. Fur Trade Monopoly and the Arrival of the Missionaries, 1830 - 1890 62 G. Treaty, Traders and Gold, 1890 - 1900 88 H. Increased Presence and Regulations by Persons not of Indian/ Inuit/Mixed-Ancestry Descent, 1905 - 1950 102 IV. Discussion/Summary 119 V. Suggestions for Future Research 129 VI. References VII. Appendices Appendix A: Extracts of Selected Entries in Oblate Birth, Marriage and Death Registers Appendix B: Métis Scrip -- ArchiviaNet (Summaries of Genealogical Information on Métis Scrip Applications) VIII. Key Documents and Document Index (bound separately) Abstract With the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Powley [2003] 2 S.C.R., Métis were recognized as having an Aboriginal right to hunt for food as recognized under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. -
Rewilding Earth Best of 2019 Rewilding Earth Best of 2019
Rewilding Earth Best of 2019 Rewilding Earth Best of 2019 Edited by John Davis & Susan Morgan Rewilding Earth Best of 2019 Edited by John Davis & Susan Morgan Essex Editions Rewilding Earth: Best of 2019 Copyright © 2020 Editors John Davis & Susan Morgan Cover Painting © Steven Kellogg Photos on Back Cover: Susan Morgan © John Miles John Davis © Kim Vacariu All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for educational purposes or for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Published in the United States by Essex Editions. ISBN: 978-1-7335190-3-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2020905445 Essex Editions Post O"ce Box 25 Essex, New York 12936 www.essexeditions.com [email protected] T#$%& '( C')*&)*+ Introduction by John Miles and Susan Morgan .................................................................................................. 1 Eagle Mountain Success by Jon Leibowitz .......................................................................................................... 3 Forever Wild by Sophi Veltrop ........................................................................................................................... 8 Adirondack Wildways Update by John Davis ..................................................................................................... 9 Wildlife Crossings -
Unfrozen Sea: Sailing the Northwest Passage
UNFROZEN SEA: SAILING THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE Michael Byers In late October 2006, Michael Byers travelled through Bellot Strait in the Canadian North, on the the first ship ever to do so in October. “We were 700 kilometres north of the Artic Circle“ he writes, “but there was no ice.” The shrinking sea of Canada’s Arctic region poses challenges both for the ecosystem and for animals such as the polar bear, as well as for Canada’s claims of Arctic sovereignty over disputed waters such as the Northwest Passage. Where explorers once died in search of the “Arctic Grail,” a northern route from Europe to Asia, the Northwest Passage is now open water in the summer. “In March 2006,” writes Byers, “the area covered during the winter by sea-ice was at an all-time low: 300,000 square kilometres less than the previous year. At this rate the Arctic could lose all its sea-ice by 2030.” Fin octobre 2006, Michael Byers s’est rendu dans le Nord canadien par le détroit de Bellot, à bord du premier bateau à faire cette traversée en octobre. « Nous étions à 700 kilomètres au nord du cercle arctique et il n’y avait pas de glace », écrit-il. Le retrait de la mer dans la région arctique du Canada constitue un défi pour l’écosystème et les populations animales, notamment les ours polaires, mais aussi pour la souveraineté revendiquée par notre pays sur des eaux contestées comme celles du passage du Nord- Ouest. Là où sont morts des explorateurs en quête du « Graal arctique » — une route du Nord entre l’Europe et l’Asie —, ce passage est devenu en été une étendue d’eau libre. -
An Evaluation Report of Shrub Roses Richard G
Issue 11, 1997 Plant Evaluation Notes An Evaluation Report of Shrub Roses Richard G. Hawke, Coordinator of Plant Evaluation Programs he popularity of roses is centuries old, over 80 hybrids of English roses with blos- Midwestern landscapes with hardy, disease- but the care and attention required to soms in pastels, rich pinks, reds, purples and resistant plants. Both breeding programs have Tgrow hybrid roses successfully may no yellows. Many of these “old-fashioned” plants produced a broad palette of shrub roses for longer fit the lifestyle of today’s gardeners. are now in the United States and gaining pop- many uses—for growing singly, for including Roses that require less maintenance and fewer ularity with modern gardeners. in shrub and mixed borders or for massing and biocides to provide a brilliant show are now At the same time, two Agriculture naturalizing. Modern shrub roses hold the more important to gardeners, homeowners and Canada breeding programs were developing promise of being better plants for today’s land- landscapers. The solution to this challenge winter-hardy shrub roses for Northern land- scapes. But which shrub roses are best suited may be modern shrub roses with their lower scapes. The Explorer series, bred in Ottawa, for the gardens of the northern Midwest? Ontario, recognizes famous explorers in maintenance requirements, increased disease Evaluation Project Canada’s history. These roses are of three resistance, greater winter hardiness and, of The English, Explorer and Parkland roses types—Rosa rugosa hybrid, shrub and course, the blossoms that are highly cherished. were developed to expand the availability of climber. -
A Selection of Books, Maps and Manuscripts on the Northwest Passage in the British Library
A selection of books, maps and manuscripts on the Northwest Passage in the British Library Early approaches John Cabot (1425-c1500 and Sebastian Cabot (1474-1557) "A brief somme of Geographia" includes description of a voyage made by Roger Barlow and Henry Latimer for Robert Thorne in company with Sebastian Cabot in 1526-1527. The notes on a Northern passage at the end are practically a repetition of what Thorne had advocated to the King in 1527. BL: Royal 18 B XXVIII [Manuscripts] "A note of S. Gabotes voyage of discoverie taken out of an old chronicle" / written by Robert Fabyan. In: Divers voyages touching the discouerie of America / R. H. [i.e. Richard Hakluyt]. London, 1582. BL: C.21.b.35 Between the title and signature A of this volume there are five leaves containing "The names of certaine late travaylers"etc., "A very late and great probabilitie of a passage by the Northwest part of America" and "An epistle dedicatorie ... to Master Phillip Sidney Esquire" Another copy with maps is at BL: G.6532 A memoir of Sebastian Cabot; with a review of the history of maritime discovery / [by Richard Biddle]; illustrated by documents from the Rolls, now first published. London: Hurst, Chance, 1831. 333p BL: 1202.k.9 Another copy is at BL: G.1930 and other editions include Philadelphia, 1831 at BL: 10408.f.21 and Philadelphia 1915 (with a portrait of Cabot) at BL: 10408.o.23 The remarkable life, adventures, and discoveries of Sebastian Cabot / J. F. Nicholls. London: Sampson, Low and Marston, 1869. -
English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603
English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 Topics of Discussion I. Two shifts in English Orientation II. Factors Driving English Colonial Efforts III. Putting Colonial Thought into Action IV. The Ideology of Colonization V. Methods of Establishing Colonies Elizabeth I English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 I. Two shifts in English Orientation A. Domestic Issue: 1. Collapse of Antwerp wool market 2. Need for new markets. B. International Issue: 1. Shift from pro-Spanish to anti-Spanish foreign policy under Elizabeth I 2. Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. 3. Foreign policy driven by Protestantism. Armada Portrait English Colonial Stirrings, 1558-1603 II. Factors Driving English Colonial Efforts A. Rise of semi-piratical raiding 1. John Hawkins 2. Sir Francis Drake B. Rise of joint stock companies C. Search for a Northwest passage 1. Sir Humphrey Gilbert 2. Martin Frobisher Sir Francis Drake Discovered in 1545, Potosi remained the world’s largest silver mine until the late 17th century. From the nearby Port of Arica, the Spanish shipped out some 11,000 tons of silver between 1580 and 1626. Santiago, Cape Verde: Drake’s fleet left Plymouth on September 14, 1585, sailing down the Spanish coast and on to the town of Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands. On November 17th Drake looted and burned the town before crossing the Atlantic. Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic): On New Year’s Day 1586 Drake reached Santo Domingo on Hispaniola Island (present-day Haiti & Dominican Republic). He captured and plundered the town then demanded, and received, a ransom of 25,000 ducats. This image shows the English fleet in the bay, and the infantry battalions attacking the town. -
Martin Frobisher
MARTIN FROBISHER by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 932. Today, we go after gold -- and gain education instead. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. The early exploration of the New World was full of misadventure. Take Frobisher's quest for the Northwest Passage: Martin Frobisher, born in 1535, took up sailing at 19. He became an excellent pirate. Piracy against Spain was legal in England, but Frobisher was too good at it. He got in the way of Queen Elizabeth's negotiations with Spain. She finally had to draft his talents into the English Navy. Then he met Elizabeth's counselor, John Dee. Dee helped convince Frobisher that he could find a Northwest passage to Asia through Arctic Canada. In 1576, Frobisher set out in three tiny ships to look for China. The largest had only an 18-man crew. Frobisher got to Greenland and thought it was one of the Faeroe Islands. A storm sank one of his three ships. Another defected back to England. He finally reached two large bodies of land. He thought the northern one must be Asia and the southern one America. Actually he'd found a 150-mile bay running into Baffin Island. On land he met Inuit Indians who laughed at his alien band. They'd been hearing about Europeans since Leif Ericson. Then Inuits kidnapped five of his crew. Frobisher snatched up some mineral samples, took a hostage, and headed home.