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Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(3): 505-510 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Hamzah3, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair4 ABSTRACT Background: Zingiberaceae is one of the significant components of the herbaceous ground flora of Southeast Asia tropical forests. This family includes some medicinally important species, in particular the members of genera of Alpinia, Curcuma, Etlingera and Zingiber (Van Balgooy, 2001). Objective: to identify the traditional usages and evaluate for phytochemical screening of selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: Zingiberaceae samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi Indonesia and its surroundings and evaluated for their phytochemical contents by using TLC method with particular spraying reagents. Results: the plants were used by the local ethnics for different daily and medicinal purposes. All part of each selected species of Zingiberaceae contain flavonoid, tannins, saponins, triterpenoid and alkaloid although steroids were only found in the leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma mangga and Alpinia galanga. Alkaloids were only found in the rhyzome of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma aerugynosa, Zingiber montanum. Besides it was also detected in leaves of both Alpinia rubricaulis and Etlingera Ramadanil1,*, Damry2, acanthoides. Additionally, Alkaloids were also discovered in the stem of Ammomum aculeata, Rusdi2, Baharuddin Alpinia galanga and Curcuma mangga. Hamzah3, Muhammad Key words: Traditional usages, Phytochemical screening, Zingiberaceae, Central Sulawesi Sulaiman Zubair4 Indonesia. 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central INTRODUCTION Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. Sulawesi is well known for its biogeographical wonders. revisons were made to 48taxa of Etlingera and 36 of 2Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Its location which is to the east of Wallace’s line but is which were new species. Zingiber ultralimitale Ardi- Fishery, Tadulako University, Palu City, close to the Sunda plate and its formation from several yani and A.D. Poulsen has reecently been described Central Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. separated islands have resulted in an unique taxonomic and barcoded (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS) and 3 Department of Education Chemistry, composition of flowering plants.1 The long isolation of claimed to be a new species occurring on limestone Faculty of Teaching and Education, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central the Island and its constituent parts have resulted in a at the Bantimurung National Park, South Sulawesi, 9 Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. higher rate of endemic taxa both plants and animals in Indonesia. Two new species of Alpinia subsection 4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of the Island compared to any other islands in the coun- Cenolophon (A. macrocrista and A. pusilla) from Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, try. Approximately 15% of the known flowering plant Western Sulawesi have also been described previ- Tadulako University, Palu City, Central species of Sulawesi are endemic to the Island.2,3 10 Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. ously. Zingiberaceae is one of the flowering plant families Phytochemical screening is one important step in Correspondence and it is the largest family of the order Zingiberales, the efforts to further explore the potentials of any Prof. Ramadanil an aromatic teresterial herb with often large-sized plant resources. Knowledges of the presence of Department of Biology, Faculty of rhizome. It contains 53 genera.4,5 It is widely distrib- chemical compounds such as steroids/triterpenoids, Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu City, Central uted in the (Sub) tropics, particularly as shade plants alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins and tannins Sulawesi 94148, INDONESIA. in evergreen tropical regions, with several genera in the plants will help us to further characterize the Phone no : +62-0451-85288560451 being of major economic important such as medicinal plants for economic uses, for example as medicine, products, dyes, condiments and spice. Most member cosmetics and others.11 E-mail: [email protected] of Zingiberaceae are native to Malesia regions and a The use of medicinal plants for treating a number of History number of species are grown as ornamental plants in diseases is a primary health care in Indonesia, but • Submission Date: 14-11-2018; 6 • Review completed: 28-01-2019; greenhouses and homeyards. the potential of seed plants as a source of new drugs • Accepted Date: 12-02-2019 The diversity of Zingiberaceae of Sulawesi and its phy- is still largely unexplored. The trend of using natural- tochemical studies are poorly known.7,8 A number of products has increased and the active plant extracts DOI : 10.5530/pj.2019.11.80 systematics studies on the genera of Sulawesi’s Zingib- are frequently screened for new drug discoveries 11 Article Available online eraceae such as Alpinia, Etlingera and Curcuma are and for the presence of antimicrobial agents Latest http://www.phcogj.com/v11/i3 still being in progress by botanists. Poulsen (2012)8 and previous studies have concluded the beneficial Copyright © 2019 Pharmacognosy Journal. This is Cite this article: Ramadanil, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS. Traditional Usages and Phyto- an open-access article distributed under chemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pharmacog J. the terms of the Creative Commons At- 2019;11(3):505-10. tribution 4.0 International license. Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol 11, Issue 3, May-June, 2019 505 Ramadanil, et al.: Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Zingiberaceae aspects of plant-derived drugs as a good source of antibiotics,12 antioxi- Test for Saponins 13,14 15 dants and anti-inflammatory agents. Two ml of each extract in a test tube was vigourously shaken for two In order to discover and develop new therapeutic agents, a phyto- minutes and observed for persistent foaming. chemical study of plants potentially having antimicrobial properties is fundamental. This study was undertaken to screen the phytochemical Test for Alkaloids compounds present in selected species of Zingiberaceae from Central About 0.2 g of plant extract was weighed in separate test tube and Sulawesi, Indonesia. warmed with 2% Sulphuric acid for 2 mins. It was filtered in separate test tube and few drops of Dragencloffs reagent were added and observed for MATERIALS AND METHODS the presence of orange red precipitate for the presence of alkaloid. Plant Materials Test for Terpenoids This research was carried out from February to July 2018. Zingiberaceae About 0.5 g of plant extract in separate test tube was taken with 2 ml of samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Cen- chloroform; 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid was carefully added to tral Sulawesi, Indonesia and its surroundings (Figure 1). The park is a form a layer and observed for the presence of reddish brown color inter- protected area covering about 220,000 ha and become the habitat of a face to show positive results for the presence of terpenoid. number of Wallacean endemic plant and animal species. The area has a considerable conservation value and it functions as a watershed protec- Test for Steroids tion for the surrounding areas occupied by different ethnics. Two ml of acetic anhydride was added to 0.5 g extract with 2 ml of Sulphuric A botanical exploration by using the transect methodwas done to study the acid and observed for the color change from violet to blue or green in Zingiberaceae diversity. The observation included vernacular name, scien- samples indicating the presence of steroid. tific name, family, number collection, collector and plant habitus, geo- graphic position (Altitude, latitude and longitude) ecological data of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION plants and their daily usage by the local ethnics. All the plant materials Traditional use of selected species of Zingiberaceae collected were identified at the Laboratory of Biodiversity, the Depart- ment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Tadulako There were Fifteen selected species of Zingiberaceae that were anal- University, Indonesia. Plant specimens were determinated using a speci- ysed for phytochemical testing and its traditional use information.The men reference available at the Herbarium Celebence (CEB) of Tadulako list of the species is provided in Table 1. All the species were selected from our previous research (Pitopang et al. 2018) that reported 24 species University and the specimens identification was done by Zingiberaceae of Zingiberaceae and its traditional usage by 3 indigenous tribes living specialists, i.e A.D Poulsen (E) and W. Ardi (BBG-LIPI). All the specimens in the surroundings of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central were mounted, labeled and kept at the CEB. Sulawesi, Indonesia. Plant Extraction Chemical Component Plant extraction and phytochemical analyses of all part of each species The results of the phytochemical screening on the selected species of was conducted at the Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Zingiberaceae for the presence of chemical compounds such as tannins, Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako Uni- saponins,
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