DOCSLIB.ORG

Early Childhood Antibiotic Treatment for Otitis Media and Other Respiratory Tract Infections Is Associated with Risk of Type

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Early Childhood Antibiotic Treatment for Otitis Media and Other Respiratory Tract Infections Is Associated with Risk of Type Diabetes Care Volume 43, May 2020 991 Mona-Lisa Wernroth,1,2 Katja Fall,3,4 Early Childhood Antibiotic Bodil Svennblad,5 Jonas F. Ludvigsson,4,6 Arvid Sjolander,¨ 4 Catarina Almqvist,4,7 and Treatment for Otitis Media and Tove Fall1 Other Respiratory Tract Infections Is Associated With Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register- Based Study With Sibling Analysis EPIDEMIOLOGY/HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH Diabetes Care 2020;43:991–999 | https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1162 OBJECTIVE The effect of early-life antibiotic treatment on the risk of type 1 diabetes is debated. This study assessed this question, applying a register-based design in children up to age 10 years including a large sibling-control analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All singleton children (n 5 797,318) born in Sweden between 1 July 2005 and 1 30 September 2013 were included and monitored to 31 December 2014. Cox Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Med- ical Sciences, and Science for Life Laboratory, proportional hazards models, adjusted for parental and perinatal characteristics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden were applied, and stratified models were used to account for unmeasured con- 2Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala Uni- founders shared by siblings. versity, Uppsala, Sweden 3Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School RESULTS of Medical Sciences, Orebro¨ University, Orebro,¨ Sweden Type 1 diabetes developed in 1,297 children during the follow-up (median 4.0 years 4Department of Medical Epidemiology and Bio- [range 0–8.3]). Prescribed antibiotics in the 1st year of life (23.8%) were associated statistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden with anincreased risk oftype1diabetes(adjustedhazard ratio[HR]1.19[95%CI1.05– 5Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala Uni- versity, Uppsala, Sweden 1.36]), with larger effect estimates among children delivered by cesarean section 6 ¨ P 5 Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University ( for interaction 0.016). The association was driven by exposure to antibiotics Hospital, Orebro,¨ Sweden primarily used for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections. Further, we 7Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Astrid found an association of antibiotic prescriptions in pregnancy (22.5%) with type 1 Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska Univer- diabetes (adjusted HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.00–1.32]). In general, sibling analysis supported sity Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden these results, albeit often with statistically nonsignificant associations. Corresponding author: Tove Fall, tove.fall@ medsci.uu.se CONCLUSIONS Received 12 June 2019 and accepted 4 February 2020 Dispensed prescription of antibiotics, mainly for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections, in the 1st year of life is associated with an increased risk of type 1 This article contains Supplementary Data online at https://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/ diabetes before age 10 years, most prominently in children delivered by cesarean doi:10.2337/dc19-1162/-/DC1. section. C.A. and T.F. report equal contribution. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Several Readers may use this article as long as the work is proposed early-life risk factors, including antibiotic treatment, are hypothesized to properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More infor- influence the risk of type 1 diabetes through alterations of the gut microbiome mation is available at https://www.diabetesjournals composition and subsequent effects on the immune system development (1). .org/content/license. 992 Antibiotics and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care Volume 43, May 2020 Children with type 1 diabetes are re- The aim of this study was to assess the Exposure ported to have a lower microbial di- impact of prenatal or early childhood We retrieved information on all dispensed versity of their gut flora than control exposure to antibiotics on the risk of systemic antibiotics (ATC: J01) from the children (2), and a marked decrease in type 1 diabetes (up to age 10 years) in a Swedish Prescribed Drug Register from diversity before type 1 diabetes onset is nationwide setting using a conventional 1 July 2005 to 30 September 2013 in reported (3); however, whether the mi- observational design complemented by mothers during the pregnancy and to crobiota play an active role in the path- asiblinganalysis.Wefurtherinvestigated 30 September 2014 in children during ogenesis is unclear. Antibiotic exposure this association regarding type and their 1st year. in early life delays the microbiota mat- number of prescriptions and interactions In Sweden there is no over-the-counter uration (4). A recent report from The by mode of delivery, sex, birth year, and sale of antibiotics without a prescription Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes. from a physician. The antibiotics were the Young (TEDDY) study suggested de- classified into narrow-spectrum and broad- creased abundance of five Bifidobacterium RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS spectrum(18)andaccordingtothe species (including Bifidobacterium den- Study Population fourth level of ATC as described in the tium) after antibiotic treatment and that The study cohort consisted of all single- Supplementary Data. We also created children with signs of islet autoimmunity ton children born in Sweden between groups based on probable site of in- have a lower abundance of Bifidobacte- 1 July 2005 and 30 September 2013 iden- fection based on the type of antibiotics rium dentium than healthy control chil- tified from the Medical Birth Register from ATC: 1) antibiotics with recommended dren (5). However, diabetes-prone rodent (MBR) (Fig. 1). The MBR includes 96–99% use for otitis media and other respira- models have shown divergent results de- of all deliveries in Sweden (16). Linkage to tory tract infections (amoxicillin, pen- pendent on the type of antibiotics, with other registers was enabled through the icillin, cephalosporin, and macrolides) and both accelerated (6,7) and reduced (8,9) Swedish personal identity number. To 2) antibiotics with recommended use for type 1 diabetes development. avoid including events of neonatal di- urinary tract or skin and soft tissue in- Although some epidemiological stud- abetes, follow-up started at age 6 months fection (pivmecillinam, trimethoprim, ies have failed to detect an association in the analysis of prenatal exposure. As sulfonamide, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, between prenatal (10,11) or early anti- undiagnosed type 1 diabetes often leads nitrofurantoin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, biotic exposure (10) and subsequent type to infections and sometimes increased and dicloxacillin) (19). 1 diabetes, others have found an asso- use of antibiotics, which would lead to Free-text information about the rea- ciation with multiple prescriptions and reverse causation, we started follow-up son for the prescription, from the pre- broad-spectrum antibiotics during early at 15 months when studying exposure in scribing physician, was available for childhood (12,13). There is also some the 1st year of life. Thus, the analyses approximately half of all prescriptions. evidence that the association of anti- excluded children with at least one dis- For a descriptive validation of the clas- biotics with type 1 diabetes could be pensed prescription of insulin (Anatomical sification of site of infection in children, modified by mode of delivery, with larger Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] classification we drew a random sample (n 5 800) of effects sizes in those with cesarean sec- system: A10A) in the Swedish Prescribed the dispensed prescriptions and let two tion births (14). Few studies have had Drug Register or who died or emigrated independent reviewers classify the site sufficient statistical power to perform before age 6 months/15 months (Fig. of infection based on the text. Infection detailed analyses of the potential influ- 1). Additional information about the site was classified as one of the following ence of antibiotics on type 1 diabetes. So registers is available in Supplementary categories: ear, lower respiratory tract, far, only two overlapping Danish studies Table 1. upper respiratory tract, unspecified re- have reported .1,000 events, and the Outcome spiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and majority (71.8%) of the children in these We identified type 1 diabetes events in gastrointestinal tract. All disagreements studies were exposed to antibiotics dur- data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug were resolved by consensus. ing the first 2 years of life. Furthermore, Register, validated for this purpose (17), We set the start date of pregnancy as many observational studies suffer from and the National Patient Register (NPR). the date of birth of the child minus esti- unmeasured confounding. This can partly We obtained diagnoses, registered ac- mated gestational age at birth. Prenatal be remedied through sibling analyses, cording to the ICD-10, from 1 July 2005 until exposure was evaluated as any maternal which inherently account for unmea- 31 December 2013 from the NPR. The dispensed prescription during the preg- sured confounding by factors shared Swedish Prescribed Drug Register data nancy as a whole and by trimester (1– by full siblings such as paternal and were available from 1 July 2005 through 91 days, 92–189 days, and $190 days, maternal characteristics, genetic factors, 31 December 2014. Children were de- respectively) (20). This analysis was re- and family
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Activity of Mecillinam Vs Enterobacteriaceae Resistant to 3Rd Generation Cephalosporins in Bristol, UK
    The activity of mecillinam vs Enterobacteriaceae resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins in Bristol, UK Welsh Antimicrobial Study Group Grŵp Astudio Wrthfiotegau Cymru G Weston1, KE Bowker1, A Noel1, AP MacGowan1, M Wootton2, TR Walsh2, RA Howe2 (1) BCARE, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB (2) Welsh Antimicrobial Study Group, NPHS Wales, University Hospital of Wales, CF14 4XW Introduction Results Results Results Figure 1: Population Distributions of Mecillinam MICs for E. Figure 2: Population Distributions of MICs for ESBL- Resistance in coliforms to 3rd generation 127 isolates were identified by screening of which 123 were confirmed as resistant to CTX or coli (n=72), NON-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae (n=47) and multi- producing E. coli (n=67) against mecillinam or mecillinam + cephalosporins (3GC) is an increasing problem resistant strains (n=39) clavulanate CAZ by BSAC criteria. The majority of 3GC- both in hospitals and the community. Oral options MR Non-E. coli E. coli Mecalone Mec+Clav resistant strains were E. coli 60.2%, followed by for the treatment of these organisms is often 35 50 Enterobacter spp. 16.2%, Klebsiella spp. 12.2%, limited due to resistance to multiple antimicrobial 45 and others (Citrobacter spp., Morganella spp., 30 classes. Mecillinam, an amidinopenicillin that is 40 Pantoea spp., Serratia spp.) 11.4%. 25 available in Europe as the oral pro-drug 35 All isolates were susceptible to meropenem with s 20 30 e s pivmecillinam, is stable to many beta-lactamases. t e a t l a mecillinam the next most active agent with more l o 25 o s We aimed to establish the activity of mecillinam i s i 15 % than 95% of isolates susceptible (table).
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2Nd Edition) Iii
    ii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2nd edition) iii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice, 2nd edition Publisher: Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association, Peter Bangs Vej 30, 2000 Frederiksberg Authors of the guidelines: Lisbeth Rem Jessen (University of Copenhagen) Peter Damborg (University of Copenhagen) Anette Spohr (Evidensia Faxe Animal Hospital) Sandra Goericke-Pesch (University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover) Rebecca Langhorn (University of Copenhagen) Geoffrey Houser (University of Copenhagen) Jakob Willesen (University of Copenhagen) Mette Schjærff (University of Copenhagen) Thomas Eriksen (University of Copenhagen) Tina Møller Sørensen (University of Copenhagen) Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen (DTU-VET) Flemming Obling (Greve) Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen) Reproduction of extracts from these guidelines is only permitted in accordance with the agreement between the Ministry of Education and Copy-Dan. Danish copyright law restricts all other use without written permission of the publisher. Exception is granted for short excerpts for review purposes. iv Foreword The first edition of the Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice was published in autumn of 2012. The aim of the guidelines was to prevent increased antibiotic resistance. A questionnaire circulated to Danish veterinarians in 2015 (Jessen et al., DVT 10, 2016) indicated that the guidelines were well received, and particularly that active users had followed the recommendations. Despite a positive reception and the results of this survey, the actual quantity of antibiotics used is probably a better indicator of the effect of the first guidelines. Chapter two of these updated guidelines therefore details the pattern of developments in antibiotic use, as reported in DANMAP 2016 (www.danmap.org).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Urinary and Male Genital Tract Infections
    European Association of Urology GUIDELINES ON URINARY AND MALE GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS K.G. Naber, B. Bergman, M.C. Bishop, T.E. Bjerklund Johansen, H. Botto, B. Lobel, F. Jimenez Cruz, F.P. Selvaggi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Classification 5 1.2 References 6 2. UNCOMPLICATED UTIS IN ADULTS 7 2.1 Summary 7 2.2 Background 8 2.3 Definition 8 2.4 Aetiological spectrum 9 2.5 Acute uncomplicated cystitis in pre-menopausal, non-pregnant women 9 2.5.1 Diagnosis 9 2.5.2 Treatment 10 2.5.3 Post-treatment follow-up 11 2.6 Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in pre-menopausal, non-pregnant women 11 2.6.1 Diagnosis 11 2.6.2 Treatment 12 2.6.3 Post-treatment follow-up 12 2.7 Recurrent (uncomplicated) UTIs in women 13 2.7.1 Background 13 2.7.2 Prophylactic antimicrobial regimens 13 2.7.3 Alternative prophylactic methods 14 2.8 UTIs in pregnancy 14 2.8.1 Epidemiology 14 2.8.2 Asymptomatic bacteriuria 15 2.8.3 Acute cystitis during pregnancy 15 2.8.4 Acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy 15 2.9 UTIs in post-menopausal women 15 2.10 Acute uncomplicated UTIs in young men 16 2.10.1 Pathogenesis and risk factors 16 2.10.2 Diagnosis 16 2.10.3 Treatment 16 2.11 References 16 3. UTIs IN CHILDREN 20 3.1 Summary 20 3.2 Background 20 3.3 Aetiology 20 3.4 Pathogenesis 20 3.5 Signs and symptoms 21 3.5.1 New-borns 21 3.5.2 Children < 6 months of age 21 3.5.3 Pre-school children (2-6 years of age) 21 3.5.4 School-children and adolescents 21 3.5.5 Severity of a UTI 21 3.5.6 Severe UTIs 21 3.5.7 Simple UTIs 21 3.5.8 Epididymo orchitis 22 3.6 Diagnosis 22 3.6.1 Physical examination 22 3.6.2 Laboratory tests 22 3.6.3 Imaging of the urinary tract 23 3.7 Schedule of investigation 24 3.8 Treatment 24 3.8.1 Severe UTIs 25 3.8.2 Simple UTIs 25 3.9 References 26 4.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2010/025328 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 4 March 2010 (04.03.2010) WO 2010/025328 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US2009/055306 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 28 August 2009 (28.08.2009) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/092,497 28 August 2008 (28.08.2008) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): FOR¬ GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, EST LABORATORIES HOLDINGS LIMITED [IE/ ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, —]; 18 Parliament Street, Milner House, Hamilton, TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, Bermuda HM12 (BM).
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption: 2016-2018 Early Implementation ISBN 978-92-4-151488-0 © World Health Organization 2018 Some Rights Reserved
    WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 2016-2018 Early implementation WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption 2016 - 2018 Early implementation WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation ISBN 978-92-4-151488-0 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non- commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. WHO report on surveillance of antibiotic consumption: 2016-2018 early implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline for Prescribing of Pivmecillinam
    Hull & East Riding Prescribing Committee Guideline for Prescribing of Pivmecillinam 1. BACKGROUND Pivmecillinam is an antibiotic belonging to the penicillins class of antibacterials. It has significant activity against many Gram-negative bacteria including E coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, and salmonellae. It is not active against Ps aeruginosa or enterococci. 2. INDICATION Pivmecillinam is licensed in adults and children for the treatment of mecillinam sensitive organisms, including urinary tract infections and salmonellosis In Hull and East Yorkshire area pivmecillinam is a RESTRICTED antibiotic. Use should be reserved for the treatment of recurrent/resistant UTI in adults and children > 40kg with a limited number of treatment options AND prescribed by or recommended by a Consultant Microbiologist or Consultant in Infectious Disease 3. DOSE / DURATION Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection 400mg STAT followed by 200mg 8hrly (To complete 3 days in WOMEN, 7 days in MEN) Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infections Usual dose is 400 mg (TWO tablets) three times daily. Dose and duration as advised by specialist – may be long term In patients with severe renal impairment accumulation can occur. Dose reduction may be advised for long term use. 4. CONTRAINDICATIONS / CAUTIONS Avoid use is patients with hypersensitivity to the drug substance or any of the other ingredients; hypersensitivity to penicillins and/or cephalosporins; oesophageal strictures and/or obstructive changes in the gastrointestinal tract; a predisposition to carnitine deficiency; porphyria; pregnancy. May be used during breast-feeding and no effects on the infant are anticipated. However, as for other penicillins, trace quantities of mecillinam is excreted into breast milk with the possible risk of sensitisation and subsequent allergic reactions in a sensitised infant.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms and Dynamics of Mecillinam Resistance in Escherichia Coli
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1375 Mechanisms and Dynamics of Mecillinam Resistance in Escherichia coli ELISABETH THULIN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6206 ISBN 978-91-513-0090-0 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330856 2017 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in A1:111a, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Friday, 24 November 2017 at 09:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Medicine). The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor Laura Piddock ( Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, UK). Abstract Thulin, E. 2017. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Mecillinam Resistance in Escherichia coli. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1375. 69 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0090-0. The introduction of antibiotics in healthcare is one of the most important medical achievements with regard to reducing human morbidity and mortality. However, bacterial pathogens have acquired antibiotic resistance at an increasing rate, and due to a high prevalence of resistance to some antibiotics they can no longer be used therapeutically. The antibiotic mecillinam, which inhibits the penicillin-binding protein PBP2, however, is an exception since mecillinam resistance (MecR) prevalence has remained low. This is particularly interesting since laboratory experiments have shown that bacteria can rapidly acquire MecR mutations by a multitude of different types of mutations. In this thesis, I examined mechanisms and dynamics of mecillinam resistance in clinical and laboratory isolates of Escherichia coli. Only one type of MecR mutations (cysB) was found in the clinical strains, even though laboratory experiments demonstrate that more than 100 genes can confer resistance Fitness assays showed that cysB mutants have higher fitness than most other MecR mutants, which is likely to contribute to their dominance in clinical settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Urological Infections
    Guidelines on Urological Infections M. Grabe (Chairman), T.E. Bjerklund-Johansen, H. Botto, M. Çek, K.G. Naber, P. Tenke, F. Wagenlehner © European Association of Urology 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections 7 1.2 Microbiological and other laboratory findings 7 1.3 Classification of urological infections 8 1.4 Aim of guidelines 8 1.5 Methods 9 1.6 Level of evidence and grade of guideline recommendations 9 1.7 References 9 2. UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ADULTS 11 2.1 Definition 11 2.1.1 Aetiological spectrum 11 2.2 Acute uncomplicated cystitis in premenopausal, non-pregnant women 11 2.2.1 Diagnosis 11 2.2.1.1 Clinical diagnosis 11 2.2.1.2 Laboratory diagnosis 11 2.2.2 Therapy 11 2.2.3 Follow up 12 2.3 Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in premenopausal, non-pregnant women 12 2.3.1 Diagnosis 12 2.3.1.1 Clinical diagnosis 12 2.3.1.2 Laboratory diagnosis 12 2.3.1.3 Imaging diagnosis 13 2.3.2 Therapy 13 2.3.2.1 Mild and moderate cases of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis 13 2.3.2.2 Severe cases of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis 13 2.3.3 Follow-up 14 2.4 Recurrent (uncomplicated) UTIs in women 16 2.4.1 Diagnosis 16 2.4.2 Prevention 16 2.4.2.1 Antimicrobial prophylaxis 16 2.4.2.2 Immunoactive prophylaxis 16 2.4.2.3 Prophylaxis with probiotics 17 2.4.2.4 Prophylaxis with cranberry 17 2.5 Urinary tract infections in pregnancy 17 2.5.1 Definition of significant bacteriuria 17 2.5.2 Screening 17 2.5.3 Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria 17 2.5.4 Duration of therapy 18 2.5.5 Follow-up 18 2.5.6 Prophylaxis 18 2.5.7 Treatment of pyelonephritis 18 2.5.8 Complicated UTI 18 2.6 UTIs in postmenopausal women 18 2.6.1 Risk factors 18 2.6.2 Diagnosis 18 2.6.3 Treatment 18 2.7 Acute uncomplicated UTIs in young men 19 2.7.1 Men with acute uncomplicated UTI 19 2.7.2 Men with UTI and concomitant prostate infection 19 2.8 Asymptomatic bacteriuria 19 2.8.1 Diagnosis 19 2.8.2 Screening 19 2.9 References 26 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Switch After Treatment with UTI Antibiotics in Male Patients
    Infectious Diseases ISSN: 2374-4235 (Print) 2374-4243 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/infd20 Antibiotic switch after treatment with UTI antibiotics in male patients Marius A. H. Skow, Ingvild Vik & Sigurd Høye To cite this article: Marius A. H. Skow, Ingvild Vik & Sigurd Høye (2020) Antibiotic switch after treatment with UTI antibiotics in male patients, Infectious Diseases, 52:6, 405-412, DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1736329 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1736329 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa View supplementary material UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 14 Mar 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1747 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=infd20 INFECTIOUS DISEASES, https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1736329 2020; VOL. 52, NO. 6, 405–412 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antibiotic switch after treatment with UTI antibiotics in male patients Marius A. H. Skow, Ingvild Vik and Sigurd Høye The Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ABSTRACT Background: There is a lack of evidence on treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in male patients in a primary care setting, and whether narrow-spectrum antibiotics are safe and effective. Objectives: To explore antibiotic switch rates after treatment with UTI antibiotics in men over the last 11 years. Material: We analysed data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Adults: Antibiotic Prophylaxis
    Guidelines for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Adults: Antibiotic Prophylaxis Definition The symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection include: frequency, dysuria, urgency and suprapubic pain. Recurrent lower urinary tract infection (rUTI) is defined as: 2 or more episodes of lower urinary tract infection in the last 6 months, or 3 or more episodes of lower urinary tract infection in the last 12 months1. It does not include bacteriuria in the absence of symptoms or in catheterised patients i.e. asymptomatic bacteriuria. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be screened for or treated, unless prior to urological surgery or in pregnancy (positive cultures in pregnancy should be confirmed with a second culture confirming the same organism prior to treating)2. 1. Consider whether referral is required for patient with recurrent UTIs: Consider whether the patient requires specialist referral for the following factors1,3: Red Flags for Referral to Urology: All men Frank haematuria, even in the context of confirmed UTI (refer to current ‘2 week wait’ guidelines for further information) Neurological disease e.g. spinal cord injury, spina bifida Pneumaturia or faecaluria Proteus on repeat urine cultures Suspected stone Obstructive symptoms, or structural/functional abnormality, causing >200ml residual urine on bladder scan In pregnancy: All recurrent UTIs in pregnancy should be discussed with the Obstetrics team. Approve by the APC – September 2019. For Review – September 2022. 1 Consider risk factors: A sexual history and investigations for sexually transmitted infections should be performed if appropriate. In peri- and post-menopausal women, atrophic vaginitis may cause urinary symptoms and may increase the risk of bacteriuria.
    [Show full text]
  • (Selexid ) 400 Mg Film-Coated Tablets EU – Risk Management Plan
    Pivmecillinam LEO 400 mg film-coated tablets (pivmecillinam) 28-Feb-2014 Risk Management Plan Page 1 of 66 CONFIDENTIAL Pivmecillinam LEO (Selexid®) 400 mg film-coated tablets EU – Risk Management Plan LEO Pharma A/S Version: 1.0 Global Pharmacovigilance Date: 28-Feb-2014 THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TRADE SECRETS, AND/OR COMMERCIAL OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION, PRIVILEGED OR CONFIDENTIAL, DELI- VERED IN CONFIDENCE AND RELIANCE THAT SUCH INFORMATION WILL NOT BE COPIED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF LEO PHARMA A/S 00404656v 1.0 Pivmecillinam LEO 400 mg film-coated tablets (pivmecillinam) 28-Feb-2014 Risk Management Plan Page 2 of 66 Active substance(s) (INN or common Pivmecillinam name): Pharmaco-therapeutic group J01CA08 (ATC Code): Name of Marketing Authorisation LEO Pharma A/S Holder or Applicant: Industriparken 55 DK - 2750 Ballerup Number of medicinal products to which this 1 RMP refers: Product(s) concerned (brand name(s)): Pivmecillinam hydrochloride 400 mg film- coated tablets (Pivmecillinam LEO, Selexid®, Selexid® LEO) Data lock point for this RMP 30- Apr - 2013 Version number 1.0 Date of final sign off 28-Feb-2014 THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TRADE SECRETS, AND/OR COMMERCIAL OR FINANCIAL INFORMATION, PRIVILEGED OR CONFIDENTIAL, DELI- VERED IN CONFIDENCE AND RELIANCE THAT SUCH INFORMATION WILL NOT BE COPIED OR MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF LEO PHARMA A/S 00404656v 1.0 Pivmecillinam LEO 400 mg film-coated tablets (pivmecillinam) 28-Feb-2014 Risk Management Plan Page 3 of 66 Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 3 Part I: Product(s) Overview Administrative information on the RMP......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine – 5Th Revision. Geneva
    WHO Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine 5th Revision 2016 Ranking of medically important antimicrobials for risk management of antimicrobial resistance due to non-human use Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine – 5th rev. ISBN 978-92-4-151222-0 © World Health Organization 2017, Updated in June 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine – 5th rev. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
    [Show full text]