F BIBIJ LONDIN, Ujnivy

THE STRUCTURE AND MGTI'ON- ON THE W R M L PIECE IN THE JEBERO LANGUAGE Thesis submitted for the Ph. D, degree of the University of London John Theodore Bendor-Somuel f BIBIJ LONDIN, UJNivy School of Oriental and African Studies May 1958 ProQuest Number: 10731541 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731541 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract After the preface, table of contents and list of symbols, an introductory chapter gives details about the Jebero people and language, including an account of all previously published material, describes the circumstances and scope of this present study and. summarises some of the general characteristics of the language. The second chapter containing an explanation of the transcription used in the thesis is followed by an outline description of the phonology. The remainder of the thesis is a grammatical, study of the verbal piece considered at different stages of grammatical analysis from the sentence to the morpheme. The function of the verbal piece is first given and this entails a description of the sentence-types found in the material examined since the function of the verbal piece is stated in terms of these sentence-types. The structure of the verbal piece is then talcen up and this is set out in terms of the smaller elements of which the verbal piece may be said to be composed, namely the clause, phrase, and word, each of which is dealt with in turn. The validity of the word as a grammatical element is shown and the basis for the establishment of word classes is described, A full description of each word class follows, giving details concerning stems, roots, and affixes of various classes and sub classes. Jh this way all the morphemes, words, and larger units which can enter into a verbal piece are classified as members of one or other system of grammatical elements. Some texts with translations are provided and for the first of these a full grammatical analysis is given. The thesis ends with two appendices and a bibliography. Preface. This thesis is the first study of an American Indian language to be presented as a thesis to London University* As such, it is- particularly significant to acknowledge that this research has grown out of the vision and interest of Professors J. R« Pirth and K. L, Pilce, for without their initial suggestions and encouragement the work would not have been undertaken, In a very real sense the whole project was of their conception, I am greatly indebted to them both not only for my training in descriptive linguistics but also for their personal interest in this research and for their many helpful suggestions both in London and in the field, My debt to my supervisor, Mr, R, H. Robins, is also very considerable. In particular his comments throughout the detailed discussion of this material have been invaluable. Sincere thanks are due to the University of London for a grant from the University Central Research Fund to meet the cost of my travelling expenses and also to my colleagues in the Summer Institute of Linguistics for much help and advice which made it possible to contact and work among this tribe and also for the use of the facilities of the S:, I, L. base in the heart of the jungles of Peruvian Amaaonia* Table of Contents Pag© Abstract xx Preface xxx lable of Contents iv List of Symbols of the grammatical- analysis vi Chapter 1, Introduction 11 The Jebero People 1 12 The Jebero Language 1 15 The present study 4 14 Some general characteristics of Jebero grammatical 6 structure1 Chapter 2. The Transcription 21 General remarks 8 22 The symbols of the transcription 8 25 The phonetic value of the symbols 9 24 Punctuation marks 12 Chapter 3. Outline of phonology 51 General remarks 14 32 The elements of the phonological analysis 14 55 The syllable 15 34 The word 24 55 Intonation 57 Chapter 4, The verbal piece in the sentence 41 General remarks 42 42 Definition of the sentence 42 43 Sentence-types and classes of sentence 45 44 Favourite sentences 45 45 Non-favourite sentences 47 46' Sentence-types with vocative piece 50 47 Phonological characteristics of favourite sentences 50 Chapter 5, The structure of the verbal piece and other pieces of the favourite sentence 51 General remarks 55 52 Main divisions of the verbal piece 55 55 The verbal head 53 54 Different types of verbal piece 54 55 The verbal expansion 55 56 Alternative treatment of the verbal piece 66 57 Other pieces of the favourite sentence-types 67 58 Chart of verbal piece structure 70 Chapter 6 , The word, word- classes, word suffixes and interjections 61 General remarks ‘ 72 62 The word 72. 63 Criteria for word, classes 74- 64 Correlation of the suffixial system and word class system 77 65 Theoretical statement of the word class system 77 66 Sub-classes of word classes 78 67 The word suffix ' 81. 68 The interjection and pause form 86 iv Chapter 7. The structure of the verb 71 Elements within the verb 88 73 The verb stem 89 ' 73 The verb extensor 98 74 The verb inflectional suffix 106 75 The verb expanding prefix 125 Chapter $► The structure of the nominal 81 Elements within the nominal 129 82 The nominal stem 129 83 The non-verbal suffix 158 Chapter 9* The structure of the adverb and of the particle 91 Elements of the adverb 146 92 The adverb stem 146 93 Suffixation by the non-verbal suffixes 152 94. The. particle 152 Chapter 10. Summary 153 Chapter 11. Texts 154 Appendix X Alternative treatment of Joboro favourite 166 sentences Appendix IX The term, ‘'collocational11 167 BAblio graphy A General linguistic 169 B Jebero people and language 171 v last of symbols of the grammatical analysis A adverb a adj ective aD deictic adjective AdSx adverb derivational suffix AEi adverb head AX adverb expansion Go concordial clause Ci included clause On non-concordial clause B deictic m nominal phrase PA adverb phrase Er relative phrase I interjection M nominal n noun hdflx nominal derivational suffix Mi nominal head m nominal piece nvSx non-verbal suffix •NX nominal expansion P particle P pronoun FD deictic particle PE pause form Px prefix R root r relative rlf relative Head rX relative expansion S stem ST s ent enc e—typ e STi included sentence-type Sx suffix ¥ verb VE verb extensor YePx verb expanding prefix v h verbal head YiSx verb inflectional suffix Toe vocative piece VP verbal piece Tp predicative verb YsPx verb stem forming prefix YsSx verb stem forming suffix vx verbal expansion w word WSx word suffix Chapter One Introduction. 11 The Jebero people The Jebero language is spoken today by about 1,500 people living between the Maranon and Kuallaga rivers of Worth-eastern Peru and concentrated for the most part in and around the village known today as Jeberos at approximately Latitude 5 S. and Longitude 76 W. Thxs settlement is situated not far from a small river which flows into^the river Aipena at a point approximately two days up stream from its junction ■with the; Buallaga river. This junction isjanly^a very short distance from the junction of the Huallaga and Mar anon rivers. Records concerning the Jebero tribe go back as far as 1658^when they were first visited by Father Lucas de la Gueva. At that time, it seems, they lived in much the same area as now but were much more scattered since he found them one and a half days travel up the Aipena, scattered in small settlements two to six leagues apart, whereas today very few live on the Aipena and there are no such settlements. In 1640 the Jesuit mission founded a settlement on the site of the present •village with 2,000 35idians. The number of Jebero speaking people seems; to have been considerably larger then than it is now, References to the Jebero people and some rather isolated details of their history between 1640 and modem times are found in a number of missionary accounts and historical works of which the most important are. listed in the Bibliography. For further details; see the Handbook of ^ South American Indians1-which contains a concise summary of all that is known about this tribe. Care must be taken not to confuse the Jebero people and langiiage with the much larger group of Jivaro^ Indians who live ^ to the North and West of them. TUhfortunately this confusion has orept into the literature and led D. Brinton to publish a brief but interesting sketch of the Jebero language under the title of 'The Jivaro Language', (see section 12), The Jebero language and people are very variously referred to as. the Xebero, Ghebero, Shiwila2 and: Jebero people. The spelling used in Peru today is adopted here. 12 The Jebero language The Jebero language is generally classified as a member of the Cahuapana group of languages of Iforth-eastem Peru, following the classi fication of Beuchat and Rivet5 who suggested replacing the name Maina or Mayna previously used for this group by the nam© Cahuapana.

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