Index

Abbas, Mazhar, 172 African National Congress, 134 Al-Qaeda, 56 Abdi, Abbas, 148 African Union, 115 Al-Sham (ISIS), 56 Abdinuur, Abdiaziz, 62, 65 Afrobarometer, 115, 135 Alves, Henrique, 155 Abdo, Alex, 14, 20 Afro-Realism, 121 Alves, Rosental, 111 Accountability, 28, 30, 110, Aga Kahn, 95 Amanpour, Christine, 195 119, 170 Agos, 107 Amollo, Otiende, 98 ACLU (American Civil Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 6, Among, Babara, 94, 97 Liberty Union), 20 144, 147, 148 Amoro, Edgar, 165 Acosta, Julio Bernal, 179 Akhmednabiyev, Akhmednabi, Ampatuan, Alijol, 166 Adams, Brad, 104 209 Ampatuan, Andal, Jr., 165, Advertising, 92 Akin, Dogan, 198–199 169 Advertorials, 94 Akko, Massoud, 53, 56, 58 Ampatuan, Zaldy, 169 Afghanistan Al-Assad, Bashr, 52 Ampatuan family, 170 international withdrawal, Al-Assad, Hafez, 52 ANA News Media Association, 69–74 COPYRIGHTEDAlemu, Reeyot, 117–118 MATERIAL54, 57, 59–60 sexual violence, 64 Alexander, Keith, 15 ANC (African National Africa, 4–5, 31, 99, 114–116, Alfonso, Luis Eduardo, 178, 179 Congress), 108, 119, 120–121, 134, 142, 214. Ali, Haidler, 164 134, 136–140, 142 See also East Africa; Ali, Muhammed, 114 ANC Today, 137 South Africa; West Al-Jazeera, 6, 15, 204, 208 Anderson, Lonny, 16 Africa; specific countries Alkhani, Omar, 57–58, 59, 60 Anomysing software, 21 Africa is a Country (blog), 119 AllAfrica, 120 Anti-state laws (crimes), 124, Africa News Network, 141 Almedia, Monica, 215 125 Africa rising narrative, 115 Al-Mizan, 116 Anti-terror laws, 206, 212

217

bindex.indd 217 1/9/2014 1:00:22 PM 218 index

Anti-Terrorism Act (1997) of Babar, Wali Khan, 164, 167, Brazil, 6, 33, 151–159 Pakistan, 167 168, 172 Brazilian Constitution, Anti-Terrorism Law Bad news, 141 155–157 (of Turkey), 196 Badri, Rania, 58 Brazilian Electoral Code, 157 Apartheid, 134–136, 139–140 Bahrain, 207 Brennan Center, 18–19 Apple Daily, 80–81, 84, 87, 88 Baidu, 8–9 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, Arab Spring, 53 Balile, Deodatus, 93, 98 , South Africa), Aranas, Dennis, 170 Balthar, Victoria, 153 133 Ardila, Julio César, 176 Bamford, James, 13, 17, 20, 21, Brookings Institute, 21 Aref, Mohamed Reza, 144 22, 23 Brown envelopes, 106 Argentina, 93 Ban Ki-Moon, 32 Bryon, Kieron, 209 dirty war, 43 Bangladesh, 204, 205, 206, 207, Bulla, Godfrey Victor, 96 Dirty War tactics, 43 212–213 Bulut, Yigit, 196–197 financial conditions, 42 Baquero, Claudia, 177 Bundotich, John, 96 Armenia, 106 Baquero, Danilo Alfonso, 177 Buriro, Muhammad Khan, 169 Arranged marriages, 64 Baraybor, Jose Pablo, 166–167 Burma, 208 Arrests, 63, 125, 130, 150 Barbosa, Joaquim, 158 Burundi, 105, 106 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, 169 Basic Law of , 79 Business Day (column), 142 Article 19 on Freedom of Bastam, Masoud, 145 Business elites, 43 Information (Brazil), Baydar, Yavuz, 107, 196 Bwire, Thomas, 115 156 BBC, 71, 212 Article 73 of the Mexican BBC Media Action, 30 Caccitori, Mattia, 195 Constitution, 156 Behesti, Sattar, 148 Cacho, Lydia, 65 Article 109 of Brazilian Beketov, Mikhail, 209 Calheiros, Renan, 155 Constitution, 156 Belgium, 109 Cameron, David, 30 Article 258 of penal code Benavides, Carlos, 186 Cano, Guillermo, 107 (), 125, 129 Bengali, Rajab Ali, 168 Carlucci, Paul, 215 Article 258 on domestic Berger, Gay, 32 Cartoon, 138 freedom (Vietnam), 125, Bernanke, Ben, 42 Catatumbo, Pablo, 178 129–130 Bernstein, Carl, 109 Cay, Dieu, 124, 210 Asia, 124 Berthelson, John, 82 Cemal, Hasan, 199 The Asia Internet Coalition, Bertoni, Eduardo, 7 Censorship, 5, 79, 81, 104, 127 Bianet, 195 144–146, 149, 152, Asia News Network, 86 Big data, 40 157–159, 204–208. See Asia Sentinel, 82, 83 Binney, William, 13, 16, 17–18, also Self-censorship Associated Press, 127, 208 19, 22, 23 Center for International Media Asylum, 74 Bloggers Assistance, 111 Attacks, 52, 55–56, 70, 78–79, detained, 53 Central Africa, 92 83–84, 105, 107–108, harassment and threats, 129 Central Intelligence Agency, 19 151, 153–154, 205–206, in Iran, 146 Chan, Tim, 80 208, 212. See also role of, 29 Chanam, Urmila, 62, 63–64 Cyberattacks; Sexual self-publishing, 33 Chang, Allen, 85 attacks in Turkey, 213 Chaudry, Iftikhar Mohammad, Attalah, Lina, 208 in Vietnam, 123–130, 206, 171 Authoritarian governments, 210–211 Cheema, Umar, 27–28 105 Blogs, 53–54, 59, 128–129, 213 Chehadé, Fadi, 7 Awami League-controlled Bloomberg, 8, 38, 42 Chemaly, Sorova, 64 government, 213 Boroujerdi, Mehrzad, 145, 147 Chen Hsiao-yi, 85 Azerbaijan, 105 Borri, Francesca, 56 China Boyle, Brendan, 31–32 African growth and, 115 Ba, Amadou Mahtar, 115 Braimah, Sulemana, 92 control of Internet, 4 Baath Party, 52 Brandeis, Louis, 23 currency reserves, 42

bindex.indd 218 1/9/2014 1:00:22 PM Index 219

economic rise of, 29 vs. Somalia on violence on Defamation laws/suits, 65, 85, government influence, 86 news media, 175 105, 107, 137, 138, 152, hacking operations by, 8 vs. Sri Lanka violence on 157, 206, 213 Internet repression vs. news media, 175 Democracy, 28, 30–32, 71, 88, United States, 204 Communications Law, 206, 108, 114, 126, 135–137, Iran vs., 149 214–215 140, 142, 194, 197, 199, journalist influence of Confidentiality, 17 206 Hong Kong and Taiwan Çonger, Yasemin, 199 Democracy Now! 15 vs., 77–90 Connelly, Terry, 43–44 Democratic governance, 28, journalists jailed, vs. Turkey, Consent of the Networked 30, 32 193–200 (MacKinnon), 7, 8 Democratic Progressive Party media development model, Constitution Amendment 45 (DPP), 85 31 (Brazil), 155 Democratic Republic of national sovereignty vs. Coordination committees, 54 Congo, 66 individual rights, 5 Correa, Rafael, 104, 206, 214, Der Spiegel, 6, 15, 204 push for U.N. control, 7 215 Derivatives market, 46 search engine Baidu, 9–10 Corruption, 27–28, 30–32, Detention, 117, 124, 146–147, social media controls, 207 107, 115, 117, 120, 126, 150, 208, 212 support of ITU, 4 134–135, 138–139, 141, Deutsche Telecom, 6 vs. United States on Internet 153, 164, 170, 174–176, Digital privacy, 207 use, 8 179, 188, 208, 214 Dink, Hrant, 107 Vietnam vs., 124 Court orders, 20, 152, 172 Do Rosário, Maria, 153, 155 China Daily, 86 Credit bubble, 39 Dodd-Frank Act (2010), 44–45 China Post, 86, 87 Credit-default swap, 45 Dogan Group, 196–197 China Times, 87 Crime cartels, 184–191 Dow Jones Industrial Average, Chinese media development Crime reporting, 118 208 model, 31 Crime statistics, 186 Drugs (illicit), 70, 105, 185, Citizen, 99 Crispin, Shawn, 170 187–191, 215 Citizen independent media, Cuellar, Mireya, 186 Dubai, 5 53–54 Cuesta, Dennis, 170 Dun, Phuong, 130 Citizen journalists, 57, 210 Currency swaps, 45 Dündar, Can, 196 Citizen reporting, 54 Cyberattacks, 204, 207–208 Dung, Nguyen Tan, 128 Civil war, 66, 71, 93, 213 Clapper, James, 14 Dacero, Leo, 168 East Africa, 91–100 Clemente, Tim, 19 Daily Dispatch, 31 corporate influence, 97 Clinton, Hillary, 5 Daily Monitor, 94, 96 internet usage, 100 CNN, 208 Daily Nation, 92, 95, 97 media and press freedom CNN International, 194, 212 Damalerio, Edgar, 165, 168 in, 99 CNN Türk TV, 107, 194 Danlambao (blog), 126, 211 press, 95 Cobb-Smith, Chris, 167 Dao, Pham Viet, 123, 125, 211 Economies, 38 Coc Coc, 127–128 Dark pools, 44 Ecuador, 104, 106, 205, 206, Code of conduct, 198 Data centers, 12 214–215 Code of ethics, 104, 105, 110 Data storage, 12, 21 Edward, Joseph, 95 Coercion, 118, 170, 175 Davari, Mohammad, 145 Efficient markets, 47 Colci, Marie, 57 Davis, Harvey, 19 Egypt, 104, 105, 204, 208–209 Cole, Michael, 86–87 Deane, James, 30 press freedom decline in, Colombia, 154 Deb, Siddhartha, 114 203 Iraq vs., on violence on Declaration of Table Mountain, risk growth, 205 news mdia, 175 213 El Espectador, 107 murders of journalists, 174 Decree 72 on Internet usage El Tiempo (newspaper), 174, 175 vs. on violence (Vietnam), 126, 127, El Universal (newspaper), 188 on news media, 175 128, 211 Electoral code, 159

bindex.indd 219 1/9/2014 1:00:22 PM 220 index

Electoral process, 71 “Flash crash” of 2010 in Gezi park protests, 92–93, 107, Electronic trading, 38 market, 44 193–196, 198–199, 200, ELN, 178 Flores, Bob, 170 206, 212 Encryption, 22 Forbes, 87 Ghaemi, Hadi, 146, 147, 150 Enog, Esmael Amil, 166 Foreign agents, 209 Ghazzawi, Razan, 55–56 Envelope journalism, 43 Foreign exchange market, 45 Gibson, Janine, 9 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 107, Foreign journalists, 21, 52 Gilmore, Dan, 4, 7 194, 195, 196–197, 212 Foreign Policy (magazine), Girit, Selin, 195 Ergenekon case, 212 145 Global spying, 9 Eshraghi, Alireza, 148 Foundation for Press Freedom Gökcek, Melih, 195 Etemad (reformist papers), 145 (FLIP), 174, 175, 177 Gomes, Francisco, 155 Ethical breaches, 108 Fox Business, 42 González, Ferney Tapsco, 176 Ethical journalism, 105 Francisco, João, 154 González, José Gregorio, 174 Ethics, 104 Free press, 30, 32, 38, 106, 109, Good news, 119, 134, 141. See Ethics and the Media (Ward), 109 111, 118, 136, 138, 149, also Positive news focus Ethiopia, 32, 117–118 153. See also Freedom of Goodman, Amy, 15 Ethiopian People ’s the press Google, 8, 127, 207 Revolutionary Free Syria fighters (FSA), Google’s Transparency Report, Democratic Front tolerance from, 56 157 (EPRDF), 117 A Free and Responsible Press” Government advertising, 94, Ethnic reconciliation, 120 (Hutchins Commission), 98, 99 Europe, 5 110 Government by security forces, European Parliament on NSA Freedom for the Thought We Hate 64, 65 activities, 7 (Lewis), 110 Government Communication Exchanges, traditional, 39 Freedom House (foundation), Headquarters (GCHQ), Extortion, 70, 185, 187–189, 32 20, 207 191 Freedom indicators, 205 Graham, Paul, 135 Freedom of Information Act Great Lakes Voice, 97 Facebook, 8, 127, 128, 144, 149 requests, 42 Greenpeace protest, 209 Familia Michoacana, 184, 187, Freedom of information and Greenspan, Alan, 38 191 free markets, 45 Greenwald, Glenn, 9, 15, 152 FARC, 177–178 Freedom of the press, 12, 78, Grevisse, Benoît, 109, 111 Farmers, small-scale, 118 82, 93, 106, 108, 110, The Guardian, 9, 16, 18, 20, 207 Faruk, Omar, 65 204. See also Media Guatemala, 208 Fasmi, A.S.M., 65 freedom; Press Guerilla activities, 174, 176, Federal Bureau of Investigation, freedom 177, 179 19 Frère, Marie-Soleil, 105, 106, Gupta, Ajay, 140 Federal police, 155–156, 167, 108 Gupta, Atul, 140 190, 193–196 FrontPageAfrica, 214 Gupta, Rajesh, 140 Feinstein, Diane, 14 Fujimoto, Toshifumi, 51 Gupta family, 141 Fetch (newspaper), 116 Füle, Stefan, 194 Gutiérrez, Delia Buendía, 190 FIFA World Cup host (2014), 158 Gang rape, 61–63 Habari Leo, 99 Film and Publications Act Ganji, Akbar, 147, 148, 150 Habertürk, 197 (South Africa), 139 Garcés, Ramón del Carmen, Habibi, 73 Filming, 53 179 Haffejee, Ferial, 141 Financial crises Garcia-Esperat, Marlene, 168 Hai, Nguyen Van, 124, 210 of 2008, 38 Gatchie, John, 92, 97 Haidler, Ahmed Rajib, 213 without transparency, 37–47 “Genocide against the Tutsi” Haidler, Ali, 168, 169 Financial press, 41 (1994), 120 Halk TV, 195 FISA amendments (2008), 18 Germany, 5, 6, 15 Hamasaka, Clayson, 215–216 FISA court, 16, 23 Gevisser, Mark, 137 Hammond, Robin, 118

bindex.indd 220 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM Index 221

Harassment, 43, 70, 105, 126, on UN plan for journalism, Iraq, 171, 175 129, 150, 208 33 ISIS members, 59 Harber, Anton, 134, 142 , 43 Islam, Mbaraka, 94 Heard, Janet, 141 Inflation statistics of Ismayilova, Khadija, 106 Hedge funds, 43 international ISun Affairs, 84 Herd-like behavior, 37, 44 community, 42 ITU (International High-frequency trading, 37, Information transparency, 43 Telecommunication 43, 44 Innocence of Muslims (video), 5 Union) High-Level Panel, 29, 32–34 Internal Security Act of 1982, China support of, 4 High-speed trading systems, 46 135 in East Africa, 100 Ho, Charles, 78 International Campaign for vs. ICANN, 4 Hon Yiu-tin, 88 Human Rights, 145 treaty, 7 Hong Kong, 77–90 International community, Hong Kong Economic Journal, transparency of, 42 Jacobs, Sean, 119 78–80 International Monetary Fund Jail, 63, 65, 84, 124–125, 138, Hong Kong Journalists (IMF), 42 148, 150, 157, 169–170, Association (HKJA), 79, International nongovernmental 190, 196, 210, 211, 83, 89 media groups, 57 213–214 Hong Kong Media Law, 84 International press, 52 Jamhuri, 93 Horrocks, Peter, 111 International Press Freedom Janak, William Oloo, 98 Hosken, Andrew, 105 Award, 28, 124 Jarrah, Rami, 54–56, 60, 210 Hu Jintao, 88 International reporters, 53, 55 Javanfekr, Ali Akbar, 147 Huang, Dennis, 87 International Jonathan, Goodluck, Human rights, 5, 7, 29, 34, 35, Telecommunication 117 83, 114, 125–126, 130, Union (ITU). See Journalist ethics council, 154–156, 159, 166–167, ITU (International 109 175, 178, 214 Telecommunication Journalists. See also Violence Human Rights Watch, 22, 165 Union) attacks on, 83–84 Human Rights Watch report, Internet citizen, 57 126 control of, 4 cloud of suspicion by NSA, Hung, Le Anh, 126, 211 decentralized nature of, 5 11–23 Hürriyet, 197 freedom, 207 dangers to, 17 Hutchins Commission on governance, 4 deaths of, 57 Freedom of the Press, model of, 7 enduring reprisals, 66 110 NSA surveillance and, 204 fatalities, 205 Huyen, Nguyen Thanh, 127 as shared global resource, 7 foreign, 21, 52 U.S. governmental use of, 6 jailed, 193–200 Ibrahim, Mo, 121 usage, 100 metadata surveillance ICANN Investors, 119 dangers to, 17 global functions, 7 Ipsos Synovate, 96 murders of, 174 vs. ITU, 4 Iran, 4, 8, 143–150 non-U.S. and NSA, 20 Imprisonment, 32, 118, 129, China vs., 149 as NSA surveillance targets, 146, 205, 212, 214 Chinese hackers, 207–208 13, 15 Impunity Index (CPJ), 32, 153, Internet repression vs. retaliation to, 63 175 United States, 204 vs. sexual violence by Impunity Issue, 171 journalists jailed, vs. Turkey, governments, 66 The Independent, 63 193–200 in Syria, 51–60 Independent investigative Ministry of Culture and as targets, 13 reporting, 38 Islamic Guidance as terrorists, 214 Independent newspapers, 118 (ershad), 146 training in Syria, 57 India Ministry of Intelligence, unethical, 108 sexual violence in, 61–67 146 JPMorgan Chase, 40

bindex.indd 221 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM 222 index

Judicial censorship, 152, 158 La Civilización del Espectáculo, Mangudadatu, Esmel, 165 Justice and Peace Law 109 Manyr, Jimmy, 141 (Columbia), 178–179 La Jornada (newspaper), 65, 186 Manzano, Javier, 59 La Patria (newspaper), 175 Mar, Baba, 57 Kabushenga, Robert, 94 Lai, Jimmy, 80–81, 84 Market economy, transparency Kagame, Paul, 119 Lam, Willy, 82, 89 in, 38 Kahle, Brewster, 19 The Lancet, 64, 66 Maroof, Abdul, 169 Karcha, Bryn, 51 Landrith, James, 66 Martins, Paula, 154, 155 Karzai, Hamid, 70 Latin America, 93, 176. See also Massacre, 165–167, 169–171 Kashmir, 64 specific countries Matiz, Alfredo (AM), 177 Kaufmann, Daniel, 30, 32 Lau, Johnny, 80–81 Matiz, Alfredo Brando (son of Kayumba, Christopher, 97 Leadership (newspaper), 116 AM), 177 Keller, Bill, 111 Lehman Brothers, 45 Mbeki, Thabo, 137 Kenya, 91–92, 94–95, 114–116 Lenku, Joseph, 114 Mecca, 36 government ownership, 98 Lenna, Chi Yvonne, 62 Media centers, 54, 55–56 Media Council of, 96 Leung Chun-ying, 79–80 Media ethics, 104 sexual violence, 65 Levin, Bernard, 110 Media freedom, 32, 78–79, 89, social media, 99 Lewis, Anthony, 110 92, 134–142, 147, 215. Kenya Saving Bank, 97 Li, Ka-shing, 80 See also Press freedom Kenya Times, 97 Li, Richard, 78, 79–80 Media workers, 52 Kenyetta, Uhuru, 95, 116 Li Wangyang, 82, 83 Medvedev, Dmitri, 206 Keywords, restrictions on use Liberia, 205, 213–214 Metadata digital footprint, 17 of, 126 Liberty Times, 85 Metadata surveillance “Khadija’s Armenian Lichtblau, Eric, 21 dangers to journalists, 17 Mother Should Die” Lin Cho-shui, 88 privacy implications, 17 (Ismayilova), 106 Lin Yuting, 89 Mexico, 118, 165, 183–191 Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 144 Literacy rate, 93, 97 reform legislation, 156 Khan, Mainul Islam, 213 Llosa, Mario Vargas, 109 sexual violence, 65–66 Kharas, Homni, 30, 32 Lloyd, Libby, 140 Milashina, Elena, 209 Khatami, Mohammad, 144, Logan, Larfa, 66 Millenium Development Goals 147, 148 London Times, 110 (MDG), 34 Khattab, Mohamed, 105 “London Whale Scoop,” 40 Milliyet, 197 Kidnapping, 56, 58, 70, 185, Louw, Raymond, 92 Mireny, John, 93, 97, 99 188, 191, 210 Lublinski, Jan, 32 Mirza, Mobashir, 169 Kikwete, 99 Luiz, Valério, 156 Mitrofanov, Aleksey, 6 “Killing the Messenger” Luiz, Valério Filho, 157 Mo, Claudia, 78, 79 (International News Mohiuddin, Asif, 213 Safety Institute), 107 Ma Baker, 190 Moi, Daniel Arap, 95, 98 Killing/killers, 32–33, 38, 52, Maas, Peter, 15, 20–21 Molina, Otto Pérez, 208 57–58, 63, 88, 107, 118, Macedo, Rafael, 190 Mooney, Paul, 83 128, 147, 152–178, Macey, Jonathan, 45 Morales, Mary Grace, 166, 185–188, 197, 205, MacKinnon, Rebecca, 7, 9 170 208–210, 213 Maharaj, Mac, 119 Morsi, Mohamed, 5, 205, 208 Kimaiyo, David, 114 Mail & Guardian, 119, 121, 140 Mortgage payments, 39 Kinne, Andrienne, 15 Makhanya, Mondi, 139, 141 Motsoeneng, Hlaudi, 119, 141 König, Mauri, 154, 157 Makolo, Yolande, 119 MQM headquarters, 169 Kubenea, Saed, 99 Malumba, Badru, 93 Mthembu, Jackson, 137 Kundi, Arshad, 168 “Man without a family name” Mubarak, Hosni, 209 Kuok, Robert, 82 (blog), 128 Mugabe, Robert, 98 Kuomintang (KMT), 85 Mancera, Miguel Ángel, 184 Muhoro, Ndgewa, 114 Kurd(s), 107, 196, 197, 206, Mandela, Nelson, 134, 135, Muluken Tesfaw, 117, 118 212 136, 142 Muñoz, Elisa Lee, 66

bindex.indd 222 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM Index 223

Murder, 28, 32, 43, 108, 118, NSA (National Security Pakistan, 27–35, 164, 167–169, 153, 155, 164–172, Agency) 171–172, 206, 213 174–179, 187–190, 209 code cracking, 6 Palomino, Rodolfo, 173 Murray, Alan, 39–40 control of Internet, 4 Payments and repayments, 45 Muslim Brotherhood, 104, 105, data centers locations, 20 Pearson, Elaine, 166 203, 208 declassification time, 18 Pedro, Antonio M. A., 115 Mutambo, Aggrey, 95 facilities, 13 Peele, Thomas, 207 Muttahida Quami Movement German review of Pelayo, Iván Dario, 177 (MQM), 168, 169 documents, 15 Pelusa, Antonio Cesar, 158 MwanaHalsi, 99 journalists as targets, 13 Penal codes, 117, 125, 157, Mwananchi, 99 journalists cloud of 175, 196 Mwang, Harun, 96 suspicion by, 11–23 Penguin documents, 194 metadata surveillance, 17 The People, 65, 95 Najafizada, Lotfulla, 71 metadata use by, 8 People’s Bank of China, 42 Namu, John Allan, 114 organizations of, 23 People’s Daily, 4–5 Nas, Beatrice, 64, 67 press threat, 12 People’s Public of China. See Nation Media Group, 92 programs on press freedom, China National Human Rights 23 Perez, Roberto, 186 Commission, 167 scandal, 5 Pew Center, 40 National Key Points Act, spying activities in Brazil, Philippine Department of 139 152 Justice, 165 National Liberation Army spying on news outlets, 204 Philippines, 163, 165–172, 175 (ENL), 177–178 targeting allies, 4 Phone call records, 14 National Security Agency valid foreign intelligence Ping, Chen, 84 (NSA). See NSA targets, 14 Plan of Action for the Safety of (National Security NSA Data Center capacity, 16 Journalists, 171 Agency) Nwachukwu, Ike, 116 Poitras, Laura, 15 Navalny, Aleksei, 6 Nyabuga, George, 95 Police, 63, 65, 84–85, 89, 105, Negrete, Louis Pablo Guardado, 108, 111, 124, 129, 66 Obama, Barack, 5 164–170, 174, 183–190, Nepal, 171 Objectivity, 60 193–196. See also Nestero, Yuri, 165 Ochlik, Rémi, 57 Federal police New Age (newspaper), 141 Ochoa, Carlos, 215 Police custody, 124 New Nation, 136 Odom, Hang Serei, 43 Political assemblies, 78 New Times, 93 Ogunlesi, Tolu, 116, 120 Politico, 15 New Vision, 94 Omondi, Charles, 98 Politkovskaya, Anna, 107 The New York Times, 8, 14, 16, On the Record (Wicker), 110 Pondamali, Wilson, 215 17, 18, 20, 21, 54, 110, “One country, two systems” Positive news focus, 114, 116, 119, 196, 207 framework, 78, 88 119 The New York Times Magazine, Online journalism, 124 Press, Sharia laws regarding, 52 15, 22 Online media, 89 Press centers, 54 The New Yorker, 13 Online spying, 6 Press codes, 108 “A New Global Partnership” Onyango-Obbo, Charles, 94, Press Council of South Africa, (UN), 29 120 138 News of the World (scandal), 108, Organized crime. See Crime Press credentials, 129, 109, 111 cartels 144–146 Newsweek, 109 Ortega, Gerardo, 170 Press freedom, 12, 23, 43, 111, NGOs (nongovernmental Ortega, Michella, 170 114 organizations), 95 Otim, Joe, 92 Press Freedom Commission, Nhat, Truong Duy, 211 Otis, John, 104 137 Nigeria, 113, 116, 117 Over-the-counter markets, 39 Press Law of 1967 (Brazil), Novaya Gazeta, 107 Oxford Internet Institute, 8 157

bindex.indd 223 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM 224 index

Press Law of 2013 (Burundi), Risk List (2012), 204, 205, 206 Democratic Republic of 105 Ristow, Bill, 111 Congo, 66 Press Union of Liberia, 214 Rivas, José Emeterio, 176 by governments, 66 Price, Alex, 82, 83 Rodrigues, Fernando, 155 in India, 61–67 Privacy expectations, 17 Rodriguez, Armando, 165 India, 61–64 Propaganda, 79, 114, 127–128, Rojas, Henry Monje (HR), Kashmir, 64 136, 146, 148, 195 174 Kenya, 65 Propublica, 6, 20 Rojas, Henry (son of HR), 174 Mexico, 65–66 Protection of State Information Rory Peck Trust, 58, 59, 210 Somalia, 65 Bill, 138, 139 Rouhani, Hassan, 143, 144, Sri Lanka, 65 Protection program, 154, 167– 145, 147, 149 Sudan, 64 168, 170–172 Roush, Chris, 41 Syria, 64, 66 Protogenes, Delegado, 156 Rousseff, Dilma, 6, 151, 152, Uganda, 65 Psychiatric institutions, 211 153, 158 United States, 66 Punto24 (platform for Rubin, Elizabeth, 168, 169 unreporting, 62 independent journalists), Rusbridger, Alan, 20 The Shadow Factory (Bamford), 199 Russia, 4, 6, 21, 205, 206, 207, 21 Putin, Vladimir, 206 209 Shahbagh movement, 213 Rwanda, 98, 120 Shahidy, Ali, 64 Quants, 39 Sham Yee-Lan, 90 Quaqua, Peter, 214 Sabah (newspaper), 107, 196 Shapiro, Jonathan, 138 Quinsayas, Prima Jesusa, 166, SABC. See South African Shargh (reformist papers), 145 170–171 Broadcasting Company Sharia laws regarding press, 52 (SABC) Sharmeen, Nadia, 213 Race card, 137 Safadi, Mowaffaq, 52, 60 Sieh, Rodney, 214 Radio Free Europe/Radio Free The Salt Lake Tribune, 19 Sierra, Orlando, 176 Liberty (RFE/RL), 106 Sambuli, Nanjira, 99 Siluma, Mike, 136 Radio stations, 71, 73 Sang, Truong Tan, 127 Simon, Jole, 145 Rafiq, Asif, 168 Sangi Express, 62, 63 Sing Pao, 80 Rafsy, Sara, 106 Santos, Juan Manuel, 177 , 207 Rahman, Mahmudur, 213 Sata, Michael, 215 Singh, Dwijamani, 63 Raia Mwema (Good Citizen), Saudi Arabia, 4 Sinyakov, Denis, 209 94 Scandals, 5, 66, 94, 103, Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson, 30, 213 Rambukwella, Keheliya, 104 108–109, 111, 117, 141 Slander, 157 Ramelli, Alejandro, 176 Schaake, Marietge, 5, 7, 204 Smith, David, 115 Randhawa, Naimat Ali, 168 Schneier, Bruce, 17 Snowden, Edward, 4, 9, 13, 14, Ranto, Jovial, 139 Schroder, Celso, 153, 155 15, 16, 22, 152, 204, 206 Rape, 62, 64–67, 138. See also Secrecy bill, 138, 139 documents, 20 Gang rape Security Council Resolution revelations by, 5, 7–8 Rashid, Ahmed, 70 1738, 33 Snowden documents, 6 Rebel groups, 56, 59, 174, Self-censorship, 53, 78–80, Soccer, 156–157 176–177, 210 82–83, 87, 89, 95, 104, Social media, 9, 54, 59, 62, 89, Reforma (newspaper), 188 107, 196, 205, 211, 213, 95, 99, 123, Reporting from facts, 120 215 126–128, 130, 144, Reuter’s Institute, 40 Self-regulation, 110 149–150, 195–196, 207, Reuters news agency, 144, 212 Ses newspaper, 106 211. See also Facebook; Revolving-door problems, 41 Sexual attacks, 62–63, 65–66 Twitter Rhodes Journalism Review, Sexual violence. See also Social media tools, 149 136–137 Rape Somalia, 32, 114 Right2Know, 135 Afghanistan, 64 vs. Colombia on violence Risen, James, 21 attitudes about, 62 on news media, 175

bindex.indd 224 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM Index 225

sexual violence, 65 T24 online news, 199 Uganda, 31, 65, 92, 94 Soorinje, Naveen, 63 Tabb Group, 44 Uhuru, 99 Sotoudeh, Nasrin, 150 Taipei Times, 86, 88 Ukraine, 165 South (alternative press), 136 Taiwan, 77–90 U.N. Plan of Action on the South Africa, 31, 92, 108, Taksim Square protests, Safety of Journalists and 118–119, 133–142 107 the Issue of Impunity, 33 South African Broadcasting Takvim, 195 U.N. refugee agency, 73 Company (SABC), 136, Taliban, 70–72 Unethical journalists, 108 140–141 Talking Biz News (blog), 41 United Arab Emirates, 5 South African National Editors Tang, Henry, 80 United Kingdom (UK) Forum, 137 Tanoli, Shafiq, 168 internet usage, 103 South China Morning Post, 78, Tanzania, 92, 93, 94, 98, laws regarding journalists 81–82 99 outside of, 207 South Sedan, 93 Television Broadcast Limited News of the World (scandal), South Sudan, 95–96, 171 (TVB), 81 108 Sözeri, Ceren, 196, 197, 198, Terrorism charges, 117 United Nations, 95, 171 200 TESEV (think tank), 197 United States, 6, 21, 109, 145 Spot news, 46 Thang, Nguyen Lan, 124, vs. China on Internet use, 8 Spying, 5 128–129 financial crisis, 36–47 Sri Lanka, 32, 104 Thao Chi, 130 Internet repression vs. vs. Colombia on violence “The Silencing of Crime: China, 204 on news mdia, 175 Sexual Violence and Internet repression vs. Iran, sexual violence, 65 Journalists” (CPJ), 64 204 The Standard, 81 Tice, Russ, 15 Internet role of, 7 State of the Media Report Topics, forbidden, 125 laws regarding journalists (Pew Center), 40 Tor, 21 outside of, 207 Stock market, 37 Torture, 28, 59 moral authority loss of, 8 Stock trading volume, 44 Traditional exchanges, 44 National Security Agency Su Shulin, 87 Trang, Pham Doang, 130 (NSA), 204 Sub-Saharan Africa, 115 Trang, Pham Dong, 126 sexual violence, 66 Sudan, 64 Transparency Snowden’s revelations, Suharto, 31 enforcement of, 44 206 Sulzberger, Arthur, 110 of international community, spying on Brazil, 152 Summer Olympics host (2016), 42 Universal Declaration of 158 in market economy, 38 Human Rights, 33 Surveillance, 3, 12, 13 Tresca, Laura, 156 Upham, Suwaib, 165 Syria, 32, 51–60, 107, 204, 206, Triet, Nguyen Minh, 128 U.S. banks with European 209–210 Truong, Duy Nhat, 125 governments, 46 chemical weapons, 55 Tsai Eng-meng, 87–88 U.S. Constitution, 20 citizen independent media, Tuan, Mguyen Anh, 128 Fourth Amendment, 17, 18 53–54 Tumusiime, James, 97 legal protection from prior citizen journalists in exile, Tunç, Ash, 198–199, 200 restraints, 20 57 Turkey, 92, 107, 206, 211–212. privacy and free speech independent press growth, See also Gezi park rights under, 14 57 protests U.S. Federal Reserve, 41–42 journalists in, 51–60 journalists jailed, 193–200 U.S. Foreign Intelligence risk growth, 205 penal codes of, 196 Surveillance sexual violence, 64, 66 risk growth, 205 (FISA court). See FISA Syrian Electronic Army, Turkish state media regulator, court 208 212 Utah Data Center, 12, 16, 19 Systemic meltdown, 45 Twitter, 144, 149, 195, 208 Uy, Dinh Nhat, 125, 128, 211

bindex.indd 225 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM 226 index

Vaca, Pedro, 175, 176 Wall street banks, 43 Wong, Cynthia, 22 Vanee,’ Vanee, 14 The Wall Street Journal, 8, 14, 39, Woo, Richard, 78 Varela, Efrain, 178 40, 45, 207 World Bank, 30 Vatan, 197 Wall Street, reputation of, 45 World Cup, 159 Ventures Africa, 116, 120 Wang Xiangwei, 78, 82, 83 World Pulse, 62 Vi, Mguyen Hoang, 125–126 Wanyama, Don, 94, 96 Wyden, Ron, 14 Vi, Nguyen Hoang, 211 Ward, Stephen A., 109 Viber (Voice Over Internet Warlords, 70, 169 Yam, Shirley, 79 Protocol), 144 Warrick, Othello Daniel, 214 York, Jillian, 149 Vietnam, 123–130, 205, 206, The Washington Post, 14, 18, Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, 207, 210–211 150 30 China vs., 124 Watch Report, 126 risk growth, 205 Waweru, Anderson, 96 Zaidabadi, Ahmad, 148 Vietnam Redemptorist News, Weekly Mail, 136, 140 Zaman, Amberin, 195, 197, 125, 211 Weisenhaus, Doreen, 84–85 198, 199–200 Vincent, Rebecca, 106 Welle, Deutsche, 32 Zambia, 205, 215–216 Violence, 33, 43, 60, 71, 104, West Africa, 92 Zambian Information & 107, 116, 118, 152–156, Western Europe, 110 Communication 158–159, 164, 166, 168, Westgate Mall terrorist siege Technology Authority 175, 177, 196, 205, 213. (2013), 99, 114 (ZICTA), 216 See also Killing/killers; White, Aidan, 107, 109, 111 Zambian Reports, 216 Murder; Sexual violence Wicker, Tom, 110 Zambian Watchdog, 215 Virtual Private Networks, 149 Winston, Ali, 21 Zapiro (cartoon), 138 Voice of America, 71 Witness protection program. Zarif, Mohammed Javad, Voice of Sharia, 71 See Protection program 149 Vrye Weekblad, 136 Wolfe, Lauren, 64 Zepeda, Juan, 185, 189 Women in journalism, 73 Zuma, Jacob, 118, 134, 137, W Radio, 65 Women Under Siege Project, 138, 139, 141 Wa Afrika, Mzilikazi, 119 64, 66 Zyambo, Thomas, 215

bindex.indd 226 1/9/2014 1:00:23 PM