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The Integration of Good Governance in Effectiveness of Regional Autonomy Implementation

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The Integration of Good Governance in Effectiveness of Regional Autonomy Implementation American Journal of Applied Sciences Original Research Paper The Integration of Good Governance in Effectiveness of Regional Autonomy Implementation Kiagus Muhammad Sobri Faculty of Social and Political Studies, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia Article history Abstract: The principle of autonomy is generally intended to accelerate the Received: 21-09-2016 advancement and bring equal prosperity to all Indonesians in accordance Revised: 10-01-2017 with the needs and capabilities of each region. This advancement and Accepted: 11-01-2017 prosperities were a result of determination and the decision-making as the local government authorities, which are considered to be most familiar with Email: [email protected] the condition of its own local societies and regions. This article discusses the good governance and its role in regional autonomy as well as its correlation with other stakeholder’s good governance. What is the role of local government? What is the action that should be taken by local governments to address the new role? And what is the relationship between the local government and other stakeholders’ good governance? The policy of decentralization and local autonomy are generally believed to be able to provide positive benefits in the realization of the goal namely improving the well-being and service to the community as well as economic empowerment of the region. Government decentralization is believed to ensure an effective accomplishment of aspirations and the needs of local communities for centralized designs community programs. Keywords: Societies Aspirations, Effectiveness, Good Governance, Peace and Regional Autonomy Introduction provided by government agencies. Moreover, when the service provided is free of charge. The attention towards public services efficiencies With the inherent limitations in the public services must be a main priority for the government as this matter implementation, hence the Government implements the has caused problems in the community, as stated in Act No. 22, Year 1999 and revised to be the Act No. 32 Wasistiono (2001), that there are several reasons why the of 2004, which seeks to update the public service in the government's attention to the importance of public form of authority decentralization to the local service management is still relatively limited. These governments. This is due to the fact that local reasons, among others are (i) Government institution government is a government organizational unit closest to generally conducted monopoly-form activities until there the people, hence it is considered to be most capable in is no competition in it, whereas without the competition, there is no efficiency and quality improvement, (ii) In translating the public demands, interests and aspirations the carrying out its activities, government officials rely on need to be accomplished or served by the regional the authority of market power or consumer needs (iii) government. Thus, when there are regional issues or There is no accountability of downwards vertical, problems that need to be handled by the central sideways or even upwards. This is because there is no government, the maintenance of public service will be nationally standardized instrument to measure the ineffective. Furthermore, there are also problem differences performance of each government official based on experienced in different as well as the aspect of demands, generally accepted standards, (iv) the authorities of interests and aspirations. Therefore, in the Act No. 32 of government officials often get caught up in “ethics” view Year 2004 on General Explanation described the giving of which prioritizes the views and their own desires, (v) broad autonomy to the region aimed at accelerating the Awareness of community members of their rights and realization of public welfare through the improvement of obligations as citizens and as consumers are still service, empowerment and community participation (Bevir, relatively low, so they tend to accept blindly the services 2009; Brinkerhoff and Goldsmith, 2005). © 2017 Kiagus Muhammad Sobri. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license. Kiagus Muhammad Sobri / American Journal of Applied Sciences 2017, 14 (1): 90.97 DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2017.90.97 Past empirical evidence suggest that the most Effectiveness: Government effectiveness is efficient public service should be organized by the areas determined by its ability to provide public services with minimum geographical control (minimal state), through open competition. To achieve effective because local government is highly considerate on the governance, the strategies offered by World Bank are: community needs, the decision by local government is openness and transparency, citizen participation in public very responsive to the needs of society, which leads to the affairs and closer service to the community. efficiencies by local authorities in the distribution of Regional autonomy: Autonomy comes from the Latin public funds (Padila, 2003). In addition, the competition word autor which means “own” and nomos “manage and between regions in giving their best service to the local organized”. Definition of autonomy is closely related to communities will encourage the local governments to the notion of centralization and decentralization of increase their innovation (Sidik, 2004). power. Centralization is the country decisional pattern in concentrating all political, economic and social in central Research Objectives governmental. Decentralization is the devolution of The current study aims at reviewing the concept of good government authority from the central government to governance and its role in regional autonomy as well as its autonomous regions to organize and manages their own correlation with other stakeholder's good governance. governmental affairs (Yep, 2010; Rondinelli and Cheema, 1983). The implementation of regional Methodology autonomy is a manifestation of democracy in local government which means that local communities are This paper is based on government official involved in the construction of policy for regional documents, legal acts, past empirical studies and administration (Dehaene, 2005). Maintenance of local evidences. It was prepared using critical review government oriented on political, economic, social- technique where all documents have been reviewed by cultural and regional area aspects will establish the focusing on the conceptual definition and debates realistic and effective mechanisms of local governance. surrounding the concept. Legal documents reviewed Therefore the application of the principles of autonomy including the Indonesian Act No. 22, 1999, the revised in general will accelerate the progress and increase the Indonesian Act No. 32, 2004 and Law No. 33 (2004). welfare equitably to all in accordance with the needs and Operational Definitions capabilities of each region. Good Governance: In the management of the Democracy, Independencies and Participation regional autonomy policy, the most important vision that The independence of a region, in a political sense, must be employed by the local government is promoting the implementation of the concept of good governance one of which can be measured by the degree of freedom comprehensively and factual (Khoirudin, 2005). Why by the area in taking the initiative for making important such meaningful good governance is so important for the decisions on various issues (economic and political) implementation of regional autonomy? This is not other faced, without pestered by or approval request from the than the actualization of good governance promising central government (Khoirudin, 2005). Therefore, regional clean government which is free of corruption, autonomy demands a planning model that is not only transparent, accountable, effective, efficient and comprehensive but also more responsive for the people. promoting the public participation and private sector Various social elements in communities such as universities partnerships in developing the regions (Hendriks, 2014; (public and private) in the district and the various mediating Graaf and Asperen, 2016). Good Governance as a model structures in the societies can play a vital role in helping the for good government management which is believed to government and local communities to raise the capacity of be a system that can be applied to local governments in local initiatives, especially in preparing the necessary inputs achieving successful implementation of regional for the process of policy formulation and the planning for autonomy. However, on the other hand, the relationship region development. map between the government and other good governance The authority held by the autonomous region is also stakeholders which is required by good governance real in the sense that it should be based on the necessary remains unclear. There is no surprise that the statement as well as grow, live and thrive in the area. In implementation of good governance in some areas is still other words a real autonomous authority is the authority hobbled. There is a tendency where the community that grows from the interests and aspirations of the local enforces their claim to be given maximum services without community, not solely established based on the considering the capability of local authorities. In fact there bureaucracy demand or related regions (Hildreth and are some NGOs who claim to be the agents of change Bailey, 2014). Because if the establishment
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