Common Industry Jobs (CIJs) Trades/Maintenance Tool Kit IMIRP program coordinated by: Industrial Council of Advanced Wood & Allied Forest Ergonomics Workers of Industries Inc. Canada In cooperation with the Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia 1 TRADES/MAINTENANCE TOOL KIT Table of Contents IMPLEMENTATION NOTES 13 OVERVIEW 15 ! Carpenter 15 ! Chemical Computer Attendant 15 ! Electrician 15 ! Fire Watch 16 ! Heavy Duty Mechanic 16 ! Machinist 16 ! Millwright 17 ! Oiler 17 ! Painter 17 ! Pipefitter 18 ! Plumber 18 ! Welder 18 PHYSICAL DEMANDS ANALYSIS 19 PDA Table of Contents 20 Job Profile 21 Work Organisation 22 ! Task Description 22 Workstation Characteristics 23 ! Dimensions & Layout 23 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 2 ! Flooring, Displays & Seating 24 Equipment & Machinery Controls 25 Physical Demands 26 ! Whole Body Physical Demands 26 ! Body Postures and Movements 27 Manual Material Handling 29 ! Hand Tools 30 Environmental Conditions 31 ! Work Environment 31 ! Location of Workstation 31 ! Temperature 32 Personal Protective Equipment 32 Appendix A – Job Specific Task Lists with Pictures 33 ! Appendix A1 – Carpenter 34 ! Appendix A2 – Chemical/Computer Attendant 37 ! Appendix A3 – Electrician 39 ! Appendix A4 – Fire Watch 42 ! Appendix A5 – Heavy Duty Mechanic 46 ! Appendix A6 – Machinist 49 ! Appendix A7 – Millwright 53 ! Appendix A8 – Oiler 58 ! Appendix A9 – Painter 61 ! Appendix A10 – Pipefitter 64 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 3 ! Appendix A11 – Plumber 67 ! Appendix A12 – Welder 68 Appendix B – Examples of Objects Handled 76 Appendix C – Weights of Hand Tools 77 Appendix D – Regional Map 78 RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION CHECKLIST 79 Job History 80 Neck 81 Shoulder 82 Elbow 84 Wrist/Hand 86 Low Back or Hip/Thigh 89 Knee 91 Ankle/Foot 92 Characteristics of Objects Being Handled 93 Environmental Conditions 93 Work Organisation 94 WORK MANUAL 95 Work Manual Table of Contents 97 Injury Education 102 Neck 103 ! Introduction 104 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 4 ! Functional Anatomy 105 ! Body Mechanics 106 ! How Neck Injuries Occur 109 ! Examples of Loading on the Neck 112 Fire Watch Tasks 112 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 113 Machinist Tasks 114 Millwright Tasks 115 Painter Tasks 116 Welding Tasks 117 ! How to Prevent Neck Injuries 118 ! Risk Control Key 119 ! Decreasing Demands 120 ! Increasing Capabilities 121 Shoulder 122 ! Introduction 123 ! Functional Anatomy 124 ! Body Mechanics 127 ! How Shoulder Injuries Occur 128 ! Examples of Loading on the Shoulder 132 Carpenter Tasks 132 Chemical/Computer Attendant Tasks 133 Electrician Tasks 134 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 5 Fire Watch Tasks 135 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 136 Machinist Tasks 137 Millwright Tasks 138 Oiler Tasks 139 Painter Tasks 140 Pipefitting Tasks 141 Plumbing Tasks 142 Welding Tasks 143 ! How to Prevent Shoulder Injuries 144 ! Risk Control Key 145 ! Decreasing Demands 146 ! Increasing Capabilities 148 Elbow 150 ! Introduction 151 ! Functional Anatomy 152 ! Body Mechanics 153 ! How Elbow Injuries Occur 157 ! Examples of Loading on the Elbow 160 Carpenter Tasks 160 Electrician Tasks 161 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 162 Millwright Tasks 163 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 6 Oiler Tasks 164 Painter Tasks 165 Pipefitter Tasks 166 Plumber Tasks 167 Welder Tasks 168 ! How to Prevent Elbow Injuries 169 ! Risk Control Key 170 ! Decreasing Demands 171 ! Increasing Capabilities 172 Wrist and Hand 173 ! Introduction 174 ! Functional Anatomy 175 ! Body Mechanics 177 ! How Wrist and Hand Injuries Occur 181 ! Examples of Loading on the Wrist and Hand 184 Carpenter Tasks 184 Electrician Tasks 185 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 186 Machinist Tasks 187 Millwright Tasks 188 Oiler Tasks 189 Painter Tasks 190 Pipefitter Tasks 191 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 7 Plumber Tasks 192 Welder Tasks 193 ! How to Prevent Wrist Injuries 194 ! Risk Control Key 195 ! Decreasing Demands 196 ! Increasing Capabilities 199 Low Back 200 ! Introduction 201 ! Functional Anatomy 202 ! Body Mechanics 203 ! How Back Injuries Occur 206 ! Examples of Loading on the Back 209 Carpenter Tasks 209 Chemical/Computer Attendant Tasks 210 Electrician Tasks 211 Fire Watch Tasks 212 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 213 Machinist Tasks 214 Millwright Tasks 215 Oiler Tasks 216 Painter Tasks 217 Pipefitter Tasks 218 Plumber Tasks 219 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 8 Welder Tasks 220 ! How to Prevent Back Injuries 222 ! Risk Control Key 223 ! Decreasing Demands 224 ! Increasing Capabilities 227 Knee 229 ! Introduction 230 ! Functional Anatomy 231 ! Body Mechanics 232 ! How Knee Injuries Occur 234 ! Examples of Loading on the Knee 237 Carpenter Tasks 237 Chemical/Computer Attendant Tasks 238 Fire Watch Tasks 239 Heavy Duty Mechanic Tasks 240 Millwright Tasks 241 Oiler Tasks 242 Painter Tasks 243 Pipefitter Tasks 244 Plumbing Tasks 245 Welding Tasks 246 ! How to Prevent Knee Injuries 247 ! Risk Control Key 248 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 9 ! Decreasing Demands 249 ! Increasing Capabilities 250 Foot 251 ! Introduction 252 ! Functional Anatomy 253 ! Body Mechanics 254 ! How Foot Injuries Occur 258 ! How to Prevent Foot Injuries 261 ! Risk Control Key 262 ! Decreasing Demands 263 ! Increasing Capabilities 266 Injury Prevention 268 ! Risk Control Key 269 Workstation Design 270 ! Introduction 270 ! Introduction to Design 271 ! General Workstation Layout 272 ! Job-Specific Workstation Design Solutions 292 Carpenter 292 Chemical/Computer Attendant 293 Electrician 294 Heavy Duty Mechanic 295 Machinist 296 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 10 Millwright 297 Oiler 298 Pipefitter 299 Welder 300 Tools and Equipment 302 ! Introduction 302 ! Tools 303 ! Equipment 314 ! Miscellaneous Equipment 320 ! Job-Specific Tools and Equipment Suggestions 321 Carpenter 321 Chemical/Computer Attendant 321 Electrician 322 Heavy Duty Mechanic 322 Millwright 323 Oiler 324 Painter 325 Pipefitter 326 Plumber 328 Welder 329 Work Strategies 330 ! Introduction 330 ! General Work Practices 331 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 11 ! Job-Specific Work Practices 346 Electrician 346 Heavy Duty Mechanic 347 Machinist 347 Millwright 347 Oiler 348 Pipefitter 348 Welder 349 Index of Solutions 351 MSI SAFETY GUIDE Carpenter 357 Chemical Computer Attendant 363 Electrician 366 Fire Watch 370 Heavy Duty Mechanic 375 Machinist 383 Millwright 387 Oiler 393 Painter 397 Pipefitter 403 Plumber 405 Welder 410 © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance TOC (revised) 12 TRADES/MAINTENANCE JOBS IMPLEMENTATION NOTES © 2000 IMIRP Society Trades/Maintenance IG (revised) 13 After consultation with the IMIRP Society, the Common Industry Job (CIJ) documents for eight of the Trades/Maintenance jobs (Carpenter, Chemical/Computer Attendant, Electrician, Fire Watch, Machinist, Mechanic (Heavy Duty), Millwright, Oiler, Painter, Pipefitter, Plumber, Welder) were modified from the previous format. It is very important to note that the function of each of the CIJ documents in the IMIRP Implementation Process remains the same as described in the IMIRP Implementation Guide. The IMIRP Implementation Process described in the IMIRP Implementation Guide should be used for all jobs covered by IMIRP. If you are familiar with the IMIRP Implementation Process and the use of supporting documentation, the format change for the twelve trades/maintenance jobs should not produce any difficulties. If you are unfamiliar with the process please read the IMIRP Implementation Guide before continuing. Notable Changes Overview The Overview only contains a Job Summary from each of the twelve trades/maintenance jobs. PDA The format of the PDA has changed so that a rehabilitation specialist, worker, and employer enter most of the relevant information. Some examples are provided to assist the users. The Task List contains all of the tasks seen or reported for the twelve trades/maintenance jobs. It is important to look through all of the tasks to indicate which a worker performs. Risk Factor Identification Checklist The format of the Risk Factor Identification Checklist has changed. The checklist contains relevant examples from the twelve trades/maintenance jobs and asks questions related to specific body parts. Work Manual The format of the Trades/Maintenance Work Manual combines some of the information in the Body Manual with the information normally found in the Work Manual. The Trades/Maintenance Work Manual is broken down into the seven identified body part areas. In terms of Injury Education, information is provided on the body part (Functional Anatomy, Body Mechanics), how injuries occur, and specific trades/maintenance job examples are given to illustrate how injuries occur based on different types of loading (Force, Repetition, Duration). In terms of Injury Prevention, general information is provided on how to prevent body part problems (Decrease Demands and/or Increase Capabilities), and examples are given as to how this may be achieved. The objective of the Work Manual is the same as in the past. In the trades/maintenance job format there are more concepts illustrated that may be applied to a job of interest. There are also job-specific solutions provided. Regardless of the source of solutions (i.e., solutions generated from an understanding of the illustrated concepts or from the job-specific examples), it is important to fill out the appropriate documentation. MSI Safety Guide The