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Ebook, CURENT Could Extend the Outreach Potential of the RET Program Energizing Minds of Tomorrow CURENTCENTER FOR ULTRA-WIDE -AREA RESILIENT ELECTRIC ENERGY TRANSMISSION NETWORKS VOLUME ONE: K- 5 ENERGY SCIENCE ACTIVITES The interdisciplinary elements within this publication serve to supplement teaching STEM concepts focused on power and energy systems for elementary educators. CURENT Energizing Minds of Tomorrow VOLUME ONE: K- 5 Energy Science Activities EDITORS: FELICIA QUALLS CHIEN- FEI CHEN ANNE SKUTNIK CURENT is a National Science Foundation and U.S. Department of Energy funded Engineering Research Center. For more information about the Center for Ultra-Wide-Area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks (CURENT) or our education and outreach programming, please contact: CURENT Engineering Research Center 555 Min H. Kao Building 1520 Middle Drive Knoxville, TN 37996-2250 Tel: 865-974-9720 Fax: 865-974-9723 Email: [email protected] https://curent.org The lessons in this e-book were produced by several cohorts in CURENT’s Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program. Use of CURENT materials for public education efforts and non-commercial purposes is strongly encouraged and requires no expressed authorization. It is requested, however, that any such use properly attributes the source as: "Courtesy of CURENT Engineering Research Center" or "Courtesy of CURENT, an engineering research cooperation between the NSF and the DOE." Images owned by individual photographers and artists are so noted on the pages where they appear. These images may have a Copyright © with all rights reserved of the creator. If you wish to use them, contact the individual owner. All images and text not credited otherwise are Copyright © 2017 Center for Ultra-Wide-Area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of CURENT materials is permitted and strongly encouraged for educational purposes as long as credit is given to the appropriate sources. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is a registered trademark of Achieve™. Neither Achieve™ nor the lead states and partners that developed the Next Generation Science Standards were involved in the production of this product, and do not endorse it. Neither the publishers nor the authors shall be liable for any damage caused or sustained due to the use or misuse of ideas, activities, or materials featured in this book. This book was written with the support of the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877, and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in the material on this website are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. Printed in the United States of America. ii About the Editors CHIEN-FEI CHEN, Ph.D. FELICIA QUALLS, M.S. Dr. Chen is the Director of Education and Ms. Qualls is the Education Coordinator Diversity Programs and Research Professor at Assistant for the Pre-College and University CURENT’s headquarters. She is also an adjunct outreach programs at CURENT. Her eight years faculty member in the University of Tennessee of experience in scientific research and Knoxville Department of Sociology. Dr. Chen education serve to analyze, maintain, and received her Ph.D. in sociology from expand our outreach programming initiatives. Washington State University. Since 2011, she She holds a BS in Geology and M.Sc. in Theory has been the lead professor linking social and Practice in Education with a specialization psychology and grid technologies for our in science education. Felicia has a unique engineering research center. Dr. Chen's approach to education, utilizing her environmental research areas include energy professional experience in the industry to literacy and the diffusion of renewable energy invigorate curriculum development, teacher knowledge, environmental beliefs, attitudes, training, and K-12 student experiences. behaviors and public opinions over environmental issues. Her research facilitates the investigation of the social and structural processes that motivate behavioral and psychological changes in relation to issues of energy and technology. ANNE SKUTNIK, Ph.D. Dr. Skutnik is the Education and Diversity Coordinator at CURENT’s University of Tennessee Engineering Research Center. Dr. Skutnik has over a decade of experience in education, including K-12 and higher education. She also has worked as an instructional designer, helping faculty transition their courses to the Internet. Dr. Skutnik received her Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee in Learning Environments and Educational Studies. Her research interests include engineering education epistemology and pedagogy. iii Acknowledgements CONTENT CONTRIBUTORS SPECIAL THANKS Lisa Buckner, Linden Elementary School, Oak Ridge, TN. We at CURENT would like to Laura Farien, First Assembly Christian School, Cordova, TN. express our gratitude by Jennifer Hodge, Whittle Springs Middle School, Knoxville, TN. acknowledging Monica McNichols, Monica McNichols, Powell Middle School, Powell, TN. for her contributions to this Jessica Minton, Riverdale Elementary School, Germantown, TN. instructional resources project. Felicia Qualls, Hardin Valley Academy, Knoxville, TN. Monica believed that with starting Christina Stansberry, Green Magnet Academy, Knoxville, TN. an ebook, CURENT could extend the outreach potential of the RET program. Monica has worked as a REVIEW TEAM curriculum developer for CURENT’s Jacqueline Adams Christine Garcia Mark Nakmali Research Experience for Teachers James Bates Brian Hardiman Josh Ray program since 2016. She has been Julian Ball Betsy Hondorf Jordan Sangrid an elementary and middle grades Alex Bolinsky Jennifer Hodge Craig Timms educator for over 11 years. Her Vicki Bible Sean Indelicato Kevin Tomsovic professional experience spans James Brannon Maeve Lawniczac Yukai Tomsovic early childhood development Hantao Cui Wenting Li Nadya Vera through a multitude of teaching Tatianne Da Silva Erin McCollum Nicholas West experiences including launching Jeffrey Dong Evan McKee Erin Wills her career abroad as a Peace Corps Taylor Duncan Zach McMichael Yajun Wang Educator. Bailey Edwards Monica McNichols Yongli Zhu CURENT would also like to extend our gratitude for the involvement of Jennifer Hodge. Jennifer also co- NOTABLE MENTION founded this project with Monica The outreach program, Research Experience for Teachers and our editors. She chose to stay (RET), responsible for the creation of this book was managed with CURENT after completing the by CURENT’s prior education coordinator, Erin Wills, from RET program in the summer of 2013-2017. Erin coordinated CURENT’s education outreach 2017. Jennifer has served as an programming and also assisted teachers in the development educator for seven years, with time of curriculum during their time at our facilities. Erin earned a spent as science department head bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Purdue and AVID coach at her school. University in 2007 and worked in the chemical industry as a process and automation engineer for five years with Eastman Both of these women were Chemical Company, BASF Corporation, and Innovative instrumental to the development Controls, Incorporated. Erin completed his Master of Science of this project. in Education at the University of Tennessee. iv Table of Contents Title Page i Copyrights ii About the Editors iii Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents v Preface vi Engineering Design Process vii Lesson Structure x LESSONS Lesson 1: Engineering Careers 1 Lesson 2: Powering VOLt City 18 Lesson 3: Solar Oven Design Challenge 36 Lesson 4: Exploring Hydroelectricity: Building a Water Wheel 54 Lesson 5: Wind Turbine Design Challenge 66 Appendices: Background Information 79 Appendices: Engineering Design Process 104 Glossary 122 References 133 Abbreviations 135 v Preface This book aggregates the work of teachers who have contributed to the research and development of the hands-on activities and content delivery suitable for enriching K-12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning experiences. The interdisciplinary elements within this publication serve to supplement the teaching of STEM concepts. It functions as a multi-faceted resource with background knowledge, step-by-step lesson plans, national education standards alignment, instructional videos, tips, and much more. CURENT, the Center for Ultra-Wide-Area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks, is an Engineering Research Center that is jointly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE). A collaboration between academia, industry, and national laboratories, CURENT is based at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The center’s partner schools are Northeastern University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Tuskegee University. Our vision is to inspire a new generation of electric power and energy systems engineering leaders with global perspectives and diverse backgrounds. CURENT and its partners share a common education goal: to develop outreach programs that will provide multi-disciplinary, team-driven, and systems-oriented educational opportunities for K-12 students. In 2011, the Center received a grant from the National Science Foundation to support a Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program. The RET program intends to develop highly innovative curricula focused on energy literacy and
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