DOCSLIB.ORG

Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Report Document: J3034 Construction phase summary v3 (04-08) Version Date Description Prepared Checked Approved 1 12-07 First Draft LG/IGP THS 2 02-08 Reviewed by SeaScape IGP LG IGP 3 04-08 Final Version IGP IGP This report has been prepared by Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) on behalf of SeaScape Energy. Contact Details: Head Office CMACS Ltd Cammell Lairds Waterfront Park Campbeltown Road Birkenhead Merseyside CH41 9HP UK Tel: +44 (0)151 650 2275 Fax: +44 (0)151 650 2274 Email: [email protected] Isle of Man CMACS Ltd Asahi House 10 Church Road Port Erin Isle of Man IM9 6AQ South Wales CMACS (Cymru) Woodland View Pen-y-Worlod Lane Penhow Newport NP26 3AJ WALES Cover photograph: transition piece of turbine 27 before turbine tower installation. Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report Table of Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................1 1.1 Environmental Monitoring..................................................................1 1.2 Wind Farm Construction Schedule ....................................................1 2 Overview of Environmental Monitoring Work ......................................3 3 Summary of Discrete Monitoring Elements..........................................4 Annex 1(1) Suspended Sediment Concentrations- SSC ..........................4 Annex 1(2) Seabed Morphology and Scour..............................................7 Annex 1(3) Contaminants .........................................................................7 Annex 1(4) Current Monitoring..................................................................7 Annex 1(5) Benthic Organisms .................................................................8 Annex 1(5) a Sub-tidal Benthic Ecology................................................8 Annex 1(5) b Colonisation of Monopiles and Scour Protection .............9 Annex 1(5) c Intertidal Invertebrates ...................................................10 Annex 1(6) Electromagnetic Fields .........................................................12 Annex 1(7) Marine Fish ..........................................................................13 Annex 1(8) Operational Noise and Vibration ..........................................14 Annex 1(9) Numerical Models.................................................................14 Annex 2 Ornithology ...............................................................................15 4 Interrelated Monitoring.........................................................................17 4.1 Intertidal Sediments, Invertebrates, Birds and Fish .........................17 4.2 Offshore suspended sediments and marine ecology.......................17 References ...................................................................................................19 Appendices overleaf J3034 Construction phase summary v3 (04-08) Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report Appendix 1 FEPA Licence Appendix 2 Environmental Monitoring Methods Appendix 3 Technical Reports Annex 1(1) Suspended Sediments Concentrations- SCC Annex 1(5) Benthic Organisms Annex 1(5) a Sub-tidal Benthic Ecology Annex 1(5) c.1 Intertidal Baseline Biotope Survey Annex 1(5) c.2 Intertidal Photographic Survey Annex 1(5) c.3 Intertidal Post-construction Biotope and Photographic Surveys Annex 1(6) Electromagnetic fields Annex 1(7) Marine Fish 4m Beam Trawls 2m Beam Trawls Annex 2 Ornithology J3034 Construction phase summary v3 (04-08) Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report 1 Introduction 1.1 Environmental Monitoring Burbo Offshore Wind Farm is a twenty-five turbine, 90MW development located in Liverpool Bay approximately 6km from the coastline of Wirral, Crosby and Liverpool. Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) was appointed by SeaScape Energy Ltd in April 2005 to develop and undertake pre and during construction environmental monitoring to meet the requirements of the Food and Environment Protection Act (FEPA) licence issued to the wind farm developer. The current version of the FEPA licence is 31864/07/0 (Appendix 1. The Environmental Monitoring Methods have been developed in consultation with statutory and non-statutory consultees. Monitoring is being undertaken through a series of discrete surveys covering various environmental and ecological components in response to the requirements of the FEPA licence. The current version of the Methods Statement is provided here as Appendix 2. These are the v1.5 methods which were also referred to in the pre- construction report; monitoring methods for the post-construction/operational phase are currently being updated following issue by SeaScape Energy of a proposed Post-construction monitoring programme (Doc No. 283521) in July 2007. The purpose of this report is to bring together the various technical reports which present results of the different strands of the environmental monitoring. An overview of the results is provided in an Executive Summary (Section 3) and inter-related elements of the monitoring are considered in Section 4. Detailed information is provided in the technical reports within Appendix 3. Information reported in the project Environmental Statement (SeaScape Energy 2002) and the first year FEPA report (CMACS 2006) provide the benchmark against which change can be assessed. 1.2 Wind Farm Construction Schedule A summary of the construction schedule is provided in Table 1. For the purposes of environmental monitoring the construction period is considered to have commenced on 21st May 2006 when a filter layer was placed to stabilise sediments in advance of hammer piling of the first monopile foundations the following month. Horizontal directional drilling works to install a conduit for power export cables under the sea wall commenced in April 2006 but these onshore works are not considered relevant to any of the offshore or intertidal monitoring. Three electricity export cables were installed in July/August 2006 and intra-array cabling continued into 2007. Dumping of rock armour around monopile foundations to protect against scour took place between September and November 2006. J3034 Construction phase summary v2 (04-08) Page 1 Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report Table 1 Overview of construction schedule. 2006 2007 MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Scour protection filter layer rock armour Monopile Installation hammer piling Turbine installations Cabling export route array cables *1 *1 Array cabling was largely complete by May 2007 but post-lay burial and other remedial works have been ongoing since. J3034 Construction phase summary v3 (04-08) Page 2 Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report 2 Overview of Environmental Monitoring Work All surveys set out in the Method Statement (Appendix 2) that were required to be undertaken during the wind farm construction period are included in this report as technical reports within Appendix 3. The technical reports are appended in the original order set out in the FEPA license annexes which was reflected in the Method Statement. The relevant text from the FEPA licence is detailed in the Method Statement. Table 2 provides a summary of progress with the environmental monitoring programme in relation to each main area of monitoring. Table 2 Overview of Monitoring Programme. Pre- During Post- Monitoring reports (in relation to FEPA Licence Sections) construction construction construction Annex 1(1) Suspended Sediment Concentrations- SCC ● ● Annex 1(2) Seabed Morphology and Scour ◉ Annex 1(3) Contaminants ● Annex 1(4) Current monitoring ○ ● ● Annex 1(5) Benthic Organisms- Subtidal benthic organisms ◉ Annex 1(5) Benthic Organisms- Colonisation of monopiles/scour protection ○ Annex 1(5) Benthic Organisms- Intertidal Invertebrates ● ● Annex 1(6) Electromagnetic Fields ● Annex 1(7) Marine Fish- 4m Beam Trawls ● ● ○ ● ● Annex 1(7) Marine Fish- 2m Beam Trawls ◉ Annex 1(8) Operational Noise and Vibration ○ Annex 1(9) Numerical models ○ ● ● Annex 2 Ornithology ◉ ○ = planned activity; ● = survey and report completed; ◉ = programme commenced, report to follow in the Post-construction (first Operation Phase) report. Pre-construction: CMACS (2006) Burbo Offshore Wind Farm. Year 1: Pre-construction Environmental Monitoring Report. Version 1.1 September 2006. Doc ref: J3034 Pre-construction summary v1.1 (09-06) During-construction: This report (Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Report). Doc ref: J3034 Construction phase summary v2 (02-08) The following section provides an overview of each aspect of the environmental monitoring, including: programme status, results to date, ongoing and/or proposed future work. The overview of results provides the Executive Summary required by the FEPA Licence. Where the Marine and Fisheries Agency (MFA) have commented on aspects of the monitoring in their reply to the Pre-construction monitoring report (letter to SeaScape dated 20th December, 2007) their comments are reported. In relation to suspended sediment monitoring this includes comments on the technical report appended here which was issued to consultees in advance of this report. J3034 Construction phase summary v3 (04-08) Page 3 Burbo Offshore Wind Farm- Yr 2 (Construction Monitoring) Report 3 Summary of Discrete Monitoring Elements Annex 1(1) Suspended Sediment Concentrations- SSC
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How to Become a Crab: Phenotypic Constraints on a Recurring Body Plan
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0664.v1 How to become a crab: Phenotypic constraints on a recurring body plan Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Javier Luque1,2,3, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom4 1 Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa–Ancon, 0843–03092, Panama, Panama 3 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA 4 Institute of Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA * E-mail: [email protected] Summary: A fundamental question in biology is whether phenotypes can be predicted by ecological or genomic rules. For over 140 years, convergent evolution of the crab-like body plan (with a wide and flattened shape, and a bent abdomen) at least five times in decapod crustaceans has been known as ‘carcinization’. The repeated loss of this body plan has been identified as ‘decarcinization’. We offer phylogenetic strategies to include poorly known groups, and direct evidence from fossils, that will resolve the pattern of crab evolution and the degree of phenotypic variation within crabs. Proposed ecological advantages of the crab body are summarized into a hypothesis of phenotypic integration suggesting correlated evolution of the carapace shape and abdomen. Our premise provides fertile ground for future studies of the genomic and developmental basis, and the predictability, of the crab-like body form. Keywords: Crustacea, Anomura, Brachyura, Carcinization, Phylogeny, Convergent evolution, Morphological integration 1 © 2020 by the author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Coquet to St Mary's Rmcz Summary Site Report V5
    Coquet to St Mary’s rMCZ Post-survey Site Report Contract Reference: MB0120 Report Number: 36 Version 5 September 2015 Project Title: Marine Protected Areas Data and Evidence Co-ordination Programme Report No 36. Title: Coquet to St Mary’s rMCZ Post-survey Site Report Defra Project Code: MB0120 Defra Contract Manager: Carole Kelly Funded by: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Marine Science and Evidence Unit Marine Directorate Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Authorship Clare Fitzsimmons Newcastle University [email protected] Fabrice Stephenson Newcastle University [email protected] Paula Lightfoot Newcastle University [email protected] Acknowledgements We thank Chris Barrio Frojan and Markus Diesing from Cefas for reviewing earlier drafts of this report. Disclaimer: The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views of Defra, nor is Defra liable for the accuracy of information provided, or responsible for any use of the report’s content. Although the data provided in this report have been quality assured, the final products - e.g. habitat maps – may be subject to revision following any further data provision or once they have been used in SNCB advice or assessments. Cefas Document Control Title: Coquet to St Mary’s rMCZ Post-survey Site Report Submitted to: Marine Protected Areas Survey Co-ordination & Evidence Delivery Group Date submitted: September 2015 Project Manager: David Limpenny Report compiled by: Clare Fitzsimmons, Fabrice Stephenson and
    [Show full text]
  • The Parasite Assemblage of Scomber Japonicus (Houttyun, 1782) Off South Africa
    The parasite assemblage of Scomber japonicus (Houttyun, 1782) off South Africa Joshua Paul Hendricks Dissertation submission in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Marine research institute, Department of Biological Science Town University of Cape Town 2018Cape of Supervisors:University Dr Cecile Reed 1,3 and Dr Carl van der Lingen2,3 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa 2Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Branch: Fisheries Management, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa 3Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University DECLARATION I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another's work and to pretend that it is one's own. This includes copying phrases and sentences from another’s writing and inserting these into one’s own work. I have used a standard convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this Report from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Where exact wording is used, this is placed in quotation marks, and the page number is included in the citation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Version 04.05
    THE MARINE HABITAT CLASSIFICATION FOR BRITAIN AND IRELAND VERSION 04.05 INTRODUCTION DAVID W. CONNOR, JAMES H. ALLEN*, NEIL GOLDING, KERRY L. HOWELL, LOUISE M. LIEBERKNECHT, KATE O. NORTHEN♦ AND JOHNNY B. REKER May 2004 JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE * INSTITUTE OF COASTAL AND ESTUARINE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF HULL ♦ SEA-SCOPE, DEVON The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Version 04.05 Introduction Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Peterborough PE1 1JY UK Recommended citation: DAVID W. CONNOR, JAMES H. ALLEN, NEIL GOLDING, KERRY L. HOWELL, LOUISE M. LIEBERKNECHT, KATE O. NORTHEN AND JOHNNY B. REKER (2004) The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Version 04.05. JNCC, Peterborough ISBN 1 861 07561 8 (internet version) www.jncc.gov.uk/MarineHabitatClassification ISBN 1 861 07561 8 Text © 2004 Copyright JNCC All Rights Reserved 2 The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Version 04.05 Introduction Contents Summary................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................... 6 Rationale and need for a habitat classification...................................................................... 8 Purpose and scope ............................................................................................................................... 8 Requirements of a
    [Show full text]
  • The Diet of Harbour Porpoises in Dutch Waters Showed That Diets Were in General Rather Similar Along Different Sections of the Dutch Coastline
    The diet of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in Dutch waters: 2003-2014 T. Schelling1, L.J. van der Steeg1, M.F. Leopold2 Report number C136/14 1. VHL University of Applied Sciences 2. IMARES Wageningen UR IMARES Wageningen UR (IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies) Client: Ministerie van Economische Zaken T.a.v. dhr. J. Vis Dir. Natuur en Biodiversiteit Postbus 20401 2500 EK Den Haag BAS code BO-11-011.04-004 Publication date: 10 October 2014 1 J u l y 2 0 1 4 IMARES vision: ‘To explore the potential of marine nature to improve the quality of life’. IMARES mission: To conduct research with the aim of acquiring knowledge and offering advice on the sustainable management and use of marine and coastal areas. IMARES is: An independent, leading scientific research institute. This research is performed within the policy supporting programme (Beleidsondersteunend Onderzoek programma) of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (EZ). The first version for this IMARES report was written by the first two authors for their thesis work at the University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein (VHL), PO Box 1582, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. The report was further elaborated on by their supervisor M.F. Leopold (IMARES). Name Tara Schelling; Lizzy Jane van der Steeg University: University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein (VHL), PO Box 1582, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Supervisors: M.F. Leopold (IMARES Wageningen UR, Texel) O.E. Bangma-Jansen (Van Hall Larenstein) P.S. Bron (Van Hall Larenstein) Place: IMARES Texel Date: 23 Juni 2014 Recommended format for purposes of citation: Schelling, T.; Van der Steeg, L.J.; Leopold, M.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthozoa: Actiniaria) Fangueiro Ramos De Oceano Profundo Do Norte Atlântico
    Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2010 MANUELA FAUNA DE ANÉMONAS (ANTHOZOA: ACTINIARIA) FANGUEIRO RAMOS DE OCEANO PROFUNDO DO NORTE ATLÂNTICO. SEA ANEMONES (ANTHOZOA: ACTINIARIA) FAUNA OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC DEEP SEA. Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2010 MANUELA FAUNA DE ANÉMONAS (ANTHOZOA: ACTINIARIA) FANGUEIRO RAMOS DE OCEANO PROFUNDO DO NORTE ATLÂNTICO. Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências das Zonas Costeiras, realizada sob a orientação científica do Prof. Dr. Pablo López- González, Professor Associado do Departamento de Fisiologia e Zoologia da Universidade de Sevilha, e da Prof. Dra. Maria Marina Pais Ribeiro da Cunha, Professora Auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Apoio financeiro do IFREMER (Institut Projecto “Identification dês Français de Recherche pour Hexacoralliaires collectes au cours de l’Exploitation de la Mer). differentes campagnes pour objectif l’etude dês ecosystems profonds dans differents contexts” de ref. 18.06.05.79.01. Dedico este trabalho à minha família pelo incansável apoio. o júri presidente Doutora Filomena Cardoso Martins professora auxiliar do Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro vogais Doutor António Emílio Ferrand de Almeida Múrias dos Santos professor auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Doutor Pablo José López-González professor titular da Faculdade de Biologia, Universidade de Sevilha (co-orientador) Doutora Maria Marina Pais Ribeiro da Cunha professora auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro (orientadora) agradecimentos Gostaria de agradecer aos meus orientadores. Ao Prof. Dr. Pablo J. López- González por ter me aceitado para desenvolver este trabalho de mestrado antes de me conhecer.
    [Show full text]
  • PMNHS Bulletin Number 1, Spring 2014
    ISSN 2054-7137 BULLETIN of the PORCUPINE MARINE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Spring 2014 — Volume 1 Porcupine Marine Natural History Society Newsletter Vo. 1 Spring 2014 Hon. Chairman — Andy Mackie Hon. Secretary — Roger Bamber Department of Natural Sciences, ARTOO Marine Biology Consultants LLP, Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales, Ocean Quay Marina, Belvidere Road, Cathays Park, Southampton SO14 5QY Cardiff CF10 3NP 023 80 829 763 029 20 573 311 [email protected] [email protected] Hon. Membership Secretary — Séamus Whyte Hon. Treasurer — Jon Moore EMU Limited, Ti Cara, Victory House, Unit 16, Trafalgar Wharf, Point Lane, Hamilton Road, Portchester, Cosheston, Portsmouth PO6 4PX Pembroke Dock, 01476 585496 Pembrokeshire SA72 4UN [email protected] 01646 687946 [email protected] Hon. Records Convenor — Roni Robbins ARTOO Marine Biology Consultants LLP, Hon. Editor — Vicki Howe Ocean Quay Marina, Belvidere Road, White House, Southampton SO14 5QY Penrhos, 023 80 829 763 Raglan NP15 2LF [email protected] 07779 278841 [email protected] Hon. Web-site Officer — Tammy Horton Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, Newsletter Layout & Design National Oceanography Centre, — Teresa Darbyshire Waterfront Campus, University of Southampton, Department of Natural Sciences, European Way, Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, Southampton SO14 3ZH Cathays Park, 023 80 596 352 Cardiff CF10 3NP [email protected] 029 20 573 222 [email protected] Porcupine MNHS welcomes new members- scientists, students, divers, naturalists and lay people. We are an informal society interested in marine natural history and recording particularly in the North Atlantic Ordinary Council Members and ‘Porcupine Bight’.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Priority Marine Features in Scottish Territorial Waters
    Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 388 Identification of Priority Marine Features in Scottish territorial waters COMMISSIONED REPORT Commissioned Report No. 388 Identification of Priority Marine Features in Scottish territorial waters For further information on this report please contact: Laura Steel / Morven Carruthers Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House INVERNESS IV3 8NW Telephone: 01463 725 000 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] This report should be quoted as: Howson, C. M., Steel. L., Carruthers, M. & Gillham, K. (2012). Identification of Priority Marine Features in Scottish territorial waters. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 388. This report, or any part of it, should not be reproduced without the permission of Scottish Natural Heritage. This permission will not be withheld unreasonably. The views expressed by the author(s) of this report should not be taken as the views and policies of Scottish Natural Heritage. © Scottish Natural Heritage 2012. ii COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary Identification of Priority Marine Features in Scottish territorial waters Commissioned Report No. 388 (iBids and Project no, 6216) Contractor: Christine Howson Year of publication: 2012 Background There are a number of statutory requirements and policy initiatives of relevance to the conservation and management of the Scottish marine environment and its biodiversity. Amongst these statutory and policy drivers are OSPAR1, the Habitats and Birds Directives2, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive3, the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 and the Marine (Scotland) Act 20104, the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (SBS)5 and the Marine Biodiversity Implementation Plan (MBIP)6. As this catalogue has grown, so the number of marine species and habitats recognised as being of conservation importance has increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Evolution of the Burrowing Sea Anemones
    ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA ISSN 2410-0226 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg ▪ https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/ [ onl ine] 0320-9180 Vol. 29(2): 213–237 ▪ Published online 20 October 2020 ▪ DOI 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.2.213 [ print] RESEARCH ARTICLE Classification and evolution of the burrowing sea anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Athenaria): a review of the past and current views Классификация и эволюция закапывающихся актиний (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Athenaria): обзор прежних и современных представлений N.Yu. Ivanova Н.Ю. Иванова Natalia Yu. Ivanova, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The opinions of systematists about the classification and evolution of burrowing sea anemones have repeatedly changed over the long-term study of Actiniaria. Four stages can be distinguished over the course of the classification history. Each system was characterised by the use of mainly one particular fea- ture. These features were: (1) characters of the external morphology, (2) arrangement of the mesenteries, (3) presence or absence of the basilar muscles and (4) molecular markers. The views on the origin and the evolution of the burrowing sea anemones were also altered more than once, that led to the emergence of several hypotheses. The burrowing sea anemones were considered as a primitive group or, on the contrary, as more advanced descendants of large hexamerous actinians. Резюме. Представления исследователей о классификации и эволюции закапывающихся актиний неоднократно менялись в течение длительного времени изучения Actiniaria. В процессе формирования классификации можно выделить четыре этапа. Каждый из них характеризовался использованием в основном одного признака, на который опирались авторы при построении своей системы.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Species of Lamlash Bay in the Nineteenth Century
    The Marine Species of Lamlash Bay in the Nineteenth Century © Colin Cowley, Lamlash, 2013 The Marine Species of Lamlash Bay in the Nineteenth Century Significant changes in public transport were made during the 19th century, the improved ferry services provided by paddle steamers making Arran far more readily accessible from the mainland than had been the case in the days of sail, with important beneficial implications for the economic prosperity of the Island. An increasing number of affluent visitors were able to take 1 holidays in Arran, though the availability of habitable accommodation was limited, and even the most basic of foodstuffs were sometimes in surprisingly short supply. Amongst the more energetic of the visitors there were intelligent albeit occasionally eccentric individuals interested in the study of Natural History, keen to investigate curious details of the geology of the Island and to record any interesting plants & animals which they might discover. Most notable amongst the naturalists was the veteran Arran visitor Rev. Dr. David Landsborough (1779-1854). His knowledge of the various branches of Natural History was wide- ranging, yet he had a fascination with marine species. Born at Dalry in Galloway, he was from 1811 the Minister of Stevenston in Ayrshire, but at the Disruption in 1843 he elected to join the Free Church and he became the FC Minister at Saltcoats. Dr. Landsborough had penned a poem, Arran, 167 pages long, which was published in 1828. This was eventually followed in 1847 by a second, much- enlarged edition, Arran, a Poem; and Excursions to Arran, with reference to the Natural History of the Island, 368 pages long, with natural history lists for Arran between pages 353-366, published by John Johnstone in London & Edinburgh.
    [Show full text]
  • Measurements of Cnidae from Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: Further Studies of Differences Amongst Sample Means and Their Taxonomic Relevance*
    SCI. MAR., 62 (4): 361-372 SCIENTIA MARINA 1998 Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance* R. B. WILLIAMS Norfolk House, Western Road, Tring, Herts. HP23 4BN, United Kingdom SUMMARY: Lengths of cnidae, sampled from fresh tissue (tentacles, acontia or column) from the sea anemones Metridi- um senile (Linnaeus), Cereus pedunculatus (Pennant), Sagartia elegans (Dalyell), Sagartia troglodytes (Price), Anthopleu- ra thallia (Gosse) and Urticina eques (Gosse), were measured. The mean, mode, median, standard deviation, variance, coef- ficient of variation, minimum, maximum and range of each sample were calculated. Lengths of nematocysts (basitrichs and microbasic p-mastigophores) and spirocysts had normal (Gaussian) frequency distributions, and there was no important within-sample variability. A between-sample (same specimen) difference was detected between mean lengths of microba- sic p-mastigophores from acontia in Sagartia elegans. Intraspecific (between-specimen) differences amongst mean lengths of basitrichs from column ectoderm were detected amongst four specimens of Urticina eques, and a difference occurred between the mean lengths of microbasic p-mastigophores from the acontia of two specimens of Sagartia elegans. Howev- er, for each of the species U. eques and S. elegans, there was no direct correlation between the sizes of the anemones exam- ined and the mean lengths of their nematocysts. Overall, the results confirm that cnida size, when taken in isolation, is not a reliable taxonomic character for sea anemones. For other purposes, mean cnida measurements may be useful and a rapid sample range test is suggested for analysing differences between them.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Ecosystem Services
    Natural England Commissioned Report NECR088 Marine ecosystem services Description of the ecosystem services provided by broad- scale habitats and features of conservation importance that are likely to be protected by Marine Protected Areas in the Marine Conservation Zone Project area First published 08 February 2012 www.naturalengland.org.uk Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background The aim of this literature review was to provide a This study was commissioned in order to baseline understanding of the marine ecosystem contribute to the evidence base for the services that are provided by the broad-scale establishment of the MPA network by identifying habitats and features of conservation how features within MPAs provide benefits to importance that are likely to be protected by society. The findings will be used to: Marine Protected Areas in the Marine Conservation Zone Project area. Develop the impact assessments for proposed Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). Coastal and marine ecosystems provide a Develop a baseline understanding of the variety of valuable economic services to human economic importance of marine species, society. Examples include food production, flood habitats and marine ecosystems. protection and recreational and aesthetic benefits. There are various definitions of Input into further work to assess the social and ecosystem services and methods for their economic value of marine ecosystems, in classification, although all are related to the order to further develop and improve wider benefits that ecosystems provide for human marine management advice.
    [Show full text]