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The Diet of Harbour Porpoises in Dutch Waters Showed That Diets Were in General Rather Similar Along Different Sections of the Dutch Coastline

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The Diet of Harbour Porpoises in Dutch Waters Showed That Diets Were in General Rather Similar Along Different Sections of the Dutch Coastline The diet of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in Dutch waters: 2003-2014 T. Schelling1, L.J. van der Steeg1, M.F. Leopold2 Report number C136/14 1. VHL University of Applied Sciences 2. IMARES Wageningen UR IMARES Wageningen UR (IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies) Client: Ministerie van Economische Zaken T.a.v. dhr. J. Vis Dir. Natuur en Biodiversiteit Postbus 20401 2500 EK Den Haag BAS code BO-11-011.04-004 Publication date: 10 October 2014 1 J u l y 2 0 1 4 IMARES vision: ‘To explore the potential of marine nature to improve the quality of life’. IMARES mission: To conduct research with the aim of acquiring knowledge and offering advice on the sustainable management and use of marine and coastal areas. IMARES is: An independent, leading scientific research institute. This research is performed within the policy supporting programme (Beleidsondersteunend Onderzoek programma) of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (EZ). The first version for this IMARES report was written by the first two authors for their thesis work at the University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein (VHL), PO Box 1582, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. The report was further elaborated on by their supervisor M.F. Leopold (IMARES). Name Tara Schelling; Lizzy Jane van der Steeg University: University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein (VHL), PO Box 1582, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Supervisors: M.F. Leopold (IMARES Wageningen UR, Texel) O.E. Bangma-Jansen (Van Hall Larenstein) P.S. Bron (Van Hall Larenstein) Place: IMARES Texel Date: 23 Juni 2014 Recommended format for purposes of citation: Schelling, T.; Van der Steeg, L.J.; Leopold, M.F. (2014) The diet of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in Dutch waters: 2003-2014. IMARES Report C136/14 P.O. Box 68 P.O. Box 77 P.O. Box 57 P.O. Box 167 1970 AB IJmuiden 4400 AB Yerseke 1780 AB Den Helder 1790 AD Den Burg Texel Phone: +31 (0)317 48 09 00 Phone: +31 (0)317 48 09 00 Phone: +31 (0)317 48 09 00 Phone: +31 (0)317 48 09 00 Fax: +31 (0)317 48 73 26 Fax: +31 (0)317 48 73 59 Fax: +31 (0)223 63 06 87 Fax: +31 (0)317 48 73 62 E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] www.imares.wur.nl www.imares.wur.nl www.imares.wur.nl www.imares.wur.nl © 2014 IMARES Wageningen UR IMARES, institute of Stichting DLO The Management of IMARES is not responsible for resulting is registered in the Dutch trade damage, as well as for damage resulting from the application of record nr. 09098104, results or research obtained by IMARES, its clients or any claims BTW nr. NL 806511618 related to the application of information found within its research. This report has been made on the request of the client and is wholly the client's property. This report may not be reproduced and/or published partially or in its entirety without the express written consent of the client. A_4_3_2-V14.1 2 of 58 Report number C136/14 Contents Beleidssamenvatting .................................................................................................. 5 Summary ................................................................................................................. 8 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 9 Problem description ........................................................................................... 9 Diet studies....... ............................................................................................. 10 Otoliths........... .............................................................................................. 10 Research goal................................................................................................. 12 Assignment... ................................................................................................. 12 2. Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 13 Sample collection ............................................................................................ 13 Sample preparation ......................................................................................... 13 Stomach content analysis ................................................................................. 14 Otoliths.......... ............................................................................................... 15 Squids and ragworms ...................................................................................... 15 Crustaceans...... ............................................................................................. 16 Other hard prey remains .................................................................................. 16 Foreign objects ............................................................................................... 16 Covariates.... ................................................................................................. 17 Porpoise age... ............................................................................................... 17 Porpoise sex................................................................................................... 17 Stranding location ........................................................................................... 17 Stranding month ............................................................................................. 18 Decomposition Condition Code (DCC) ................................................................ 18 Nutritive Condition Code (NCC)......... ................................................................ 18 Stranding year ............................................................................................... 18 Statistical analysis .......................................................................................... 19 Database and stomach selection ....................................................................... 20 3. Results ............................................................................................................... 21 Prey species .................................................................................................. 21 Relative number ............................................................................................. 21 Relative occurrence in stomachs ....................................................................... 22 Relative mass ................................................................................................. 22 Covariates..... ................................................................................................ 22 Porpoise age.... .............................................................................................. 22 Porpoise sex................................................................................................... 24 Stranding location ........................................................................................... 25 Report number C136/14 3 of 58 Stranding month ............................................................................................. 28 Decomposition Condition Code (DCC) ................................................................ 28 Nutritive Condition Code (NCC) ......................................................................... 31 Stranding year ............................................................................................... 32 4. Discussion ........................................................................................................... 34 The use of stranded and by-caught porpoises to determine diet ............................. 34 Stomach content analysis ................................................................................. 34 Caloric value of prey........................................................................................ 35 Porpoise age .................................................................................................. 35 Porpoise sex................................................................................................... 36 Stranding location ........................................................................................... 36 Stranding month ............................................................................................. 37 Decomposition Condition Code.. ........................................................................ 37 Nutritive Condition Code .................................................................................. 38 Stranding year ............................................................................................... 38 5. Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 40 Age.............. ................................................................................................. 40 Sex.............. ................................................................................................. 40 Stranding location ........................................................................................... 40 Stranding month ............................................................................................. 41 Decomposition condition .................................................................................. 41 Nutritive condition........................................................................................... 41 Year............
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