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Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Fakulta Tělesné Kultury

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Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Fakulta Tělesné Kultury Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Fakulta tělesné kultury SPECIFICKÉ ASPEKTY UČENÍ, MOTIVACE A ADHERENCE KE SPORTOVNÍ AKTIVITĚ U SUBKULTURY BIKERŮ Disertační práce Autor: Mgr. Luděk Šebek Pracoviště: Fakulta tělesné kultury, Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Bohuslav Hodaň, CSc. Olomouc 2011 Jméno a příjmení autora: Mgr. Luděk Šebek Název disertační práce: Specifické aspekty učení, motivace a adherence ke sportovní aktivitě u subkultury bikerů Pracoviště: Katedra kinantropologie Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Bohuslav Hodaň, CSc. Rok obhajoby disertační práce: 2011 Abstrakt: V naší práci se zabýváme problematikou specifických aspektů sportovních subkultur ve vztahu k učení, motivaci a adherenci k dané pohybové aktivitě. Zkoumanou skupinou je subkultura bajkerů. Účastníky výzkumu jsou jezdci a jezdkyně ve věkovém rozpětí 17 aţ 35 let, kteří na vysoké či špičkové výkonnostní úrovni provozují downhill, tedy sjezd, downhill freeride, fourcross, slope style, freestyle a flatland biking. Sběr dat proběhl prostřednictvím focus groups, individuálních rozhovorů a zúčastněného pozorování. K zpracování dat byl pouţit program ATLAS.ti 5.0 Analýza a interpretace dat byla realizována tvorbou zakotvené teorie. Výsledkem práce teoretický model, který interpretuje zkoumané jevy jako součást procesu negociace retence a apropriace kulturního kapitálu v síti kontextuálních vztahů, které jsou tvořeny koncepty kmenové učení, lifestyle a rizikový sport. Klíčová slova: Subkultura, biker, riziko, situované učení, apropriace, identita. Souhlasím s vypůjčováním disertační práce v rámci knihovních sluţeb. 2 Author’s first name and surname: Mgr. Luděk Šebek Title of the doctoral thesis: Specific aspects of learning, motivation and adherence to sport activity within the subculture of bikers Department: Department of Kinantropology Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Bohuslav Hodaň, CSc. The year of presentation: 2011 Abstract: This paper represents a qualitative study of specific aspects of learning, motivation and adherence to sport activity. The studied population is the subculture of bikers. Research sample was composed of male and female riders ranging in age between 17 and 35 who compete in BMX / MTB flatland, freestyle, slope style, or fourcross. Data was collected through focus groups, individual interviews and participant observation. The qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti 5.0 was used as a platform for the grounded theory-based analysis and conceptualisation of data. The results are in the form of a theoretical model. This model interprets the studied phenomenons as a part of a process of negotiation of retention and appropriation of culcural capital within a network of contextual relations of the studied concepts of tribal learning, lifestyle and risk sport. Keywords: Subculture, biker, risk, situated learning, symbolic capital, appropriation, identity. I agree the thesis paper to be lent within the library service. 3 Prohlašuji, ţe jsem disertační práci zpracoval samostatně pod vedením Prof. PhDr. Bohuslava Hodaně, CSc., uvedl všechny pouţité literární a odborné zdroje a dodrţoval zásady vědecké etiky. V Olomouci dne 5. 2. 2011 ............................................ 4 Děkuji Prof. PhDr. Bohuslavu Hodaňovi, CSc. za lidský přístup, vědeckou otevřenost, moudrý nadhled a čas věnovaný společné práci. Děkuji přátelům a konzultantům PhDr. Janě Hoffmannové, Mgr. Tomáši Valentovi, Ph.D. a Mgr. Miroslavovi Charvátovi, Ph.D. za cenné připomínky, rady, pomoc a trpělivost. Děkuji všem blízkým, rodičům a hlavně dětem Ondrovi a Terezce za pochopení. 5 Obsah 1 Úvod ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Vznik a vývoj disertačního tématu ............................................................................................ 10 1.2 Terminologie ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Genderové hledisko ................................................................................................................. 15 2 Teoretické zakotvení zkoumaného problému ................................................................................... 15 2.1 Koncept subkultury .................................................................................................................. 16 2.1.1 Konceptualizace pojmu subkultura v historických souvislostech .................................... 16 2.1.2 Etnografický charakter studií .......................................................................................... 17 2.2 Sport a mediální konzumace ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Prefabrikovaná identita: Výroba tradic ve stylu ESPN ................................................... 30 2.2.2 Sociálně-stratifikační pojetí ............................................................................................ 39 2.3 Subkultura, riziko a riziková společnost .................................................................................. 41 2.3.1 Edgework - hraniční zkušenost a ontologická reflexivita ................................................ 48 2.3.2 Subkultura rizikových sportů a sociální stigma .............................................................. 48 2.4 Motorické učení ........................................................................................................................ 48 2.4.1 Sociální učení .................................................................................................................. 49 3 Cíle práce a výzkumné otázky ............................................................................................................ 50 3.1 Cíle intelektuální ...................................................................................................................... 50 3.2 Cíle praktické ............................................................................................................................ 50 3.3 Cíle osobní ............................................................................................................................... 50 3.4 Výzkumné otázky .................................................................................................................... 51 4 Zkoumaný soubor ............................................................................................................................... 52 4.1 Demografické a relevantví osobní údaje výzkumného souboru ............................................... 52 4.2 Časový harmonogram ...................................................................................................... 53 6 4.3 Lokalita ............................................................................................................................ 53 4.4 Etika výzkumu .......................................................................................................................... 53 5 Výzkumné metody .............................................................................................................................. 55 5.1 Holistický přístup ve výzkumu ................................................................................................. 55 5.2 Etnografický přístup ve výzkumu ............................................................................................ 55 5.3 Metody získávání kvalitativních dat ......................................................................................... 56 5.3.1 Focus groups ................................................................................................................... 56 5.3.2 Polostrukturované interview ........................................................................................... 64 5.3.3 Zúčastněné pozorování ................................................................................................... 65 5.4 Sběr kvalitativních dat ............................................................................................................. 65 5.5 Zpracování a analýza kvalitativních dat ................................................................................... 66 5.5.1 Metoda zakotvené teorie ................................................................................................. 66 5.5.2 Tranzitivní aspekt teoretické citlivosti ............................................................................. 68 5.5.2 Reliabilita a kontextuálnost ............................................................................................ 68 5.6 Validita výzkumu ...................................................................................................................... 71 5.6.1 Triangulace metod .......................................................................................................... 71 5.6.2 Role výzkumníka ............................................................................................................ 71 5.6.3 Vliv prostředí .................................................................................................................. 71 5.6.4 Omezené moţnosti zobecnění závěrů ............................................................................. 72 5.6.5 Komplexnost zkoumaného jevu ...................................................................................... 72 5.6.6 Specifičnost zkoumaného prostředí ...............................................................................
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