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(Ua) Scientific Diving Safety Manual
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA (UA) SCIENTIFIC DIVING SAFETY MANUAL AVAILABLE ON-LINE AT: http://www.uaf.edu/sfos/research/scientific-diving/ Revised 2/2019 Page 1 FOREWORD Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice. The policies, procedures and standards set forth in this Scientific Diving Safety Manual are intended to govern the training and diving operations of all personnel participating in the Scientific Diving Program at the University of Alaska (UA). It applies to all divers operating under UA auspices, including visiting divers, and to those UA Fairbanks, UA Anchorage, and UA Southeast campus officers responsible for the administration of this scuba program. Revision History May 1 1991 Revision July 1992 Revision January 1996 Revision January 2001 Revision May 2004 Revision January 2013 Revision October 2015 Revision February 2016 Revision May 2018 Revision February 2019 Revised 2/2019 Page 2 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA DIVING CONTROL BOARD MEMBERS Brenda Konar (Dive Safety Officer) Joel Markis Professor Assistant Professor of Fisheries Technology University of Alaska Fairbanks Career Education Fairbanks, Alaska University of Alaska Southeast Phone: 907-474-5028 Sitka, Alaska E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 907-747-7760 E-mail: [email protected] Sherry Tamone (Chair) Tracey Martinson Professor of Biology University of Alaska Southeast Industrial Hygienist/Radiation Safety Officer Juneau, Alaska Environ. -
Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service. -
Escherichia Coli HD701
The Process Intensification of Biological Hydrogen Production by Escherichia coli HD701 By Michael Sulu A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering and Physical Sciences The University of Birmingham November 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Hydrogen is seen as a potential fuel for the future; its choice is driven by the increasing awareness of the necessity for clean fuel. Together with the simultaneous development of “green technologies” and sustainable development, a current goal is to convert waste to energy or to create energy from a renewable resource. Biological processing [of renewables] or bioremediation of waste to create hydrogen as a product fulfils this goal and, as such, is widely researched. In this work, an already established process, using a hydrogenase up‐regulated strain ‐ was characterised and the important process parameters were established. This bacterial strain has the potential for industrial‐scale hydrogen production from, for example, waste sugars. Previous work, repeated here, showed that hydrogen could be generated by E. -
Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS
ICES-2020-333 Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS Jason Silverman1, Andrew Irby2, and Theodore Agerton3 Space Exploration Technologies, Hawthorne, California, 90250 SpaceX designed the Crew Dragon spacecraft to be the safest ever flown and to restore the ability of the United States to launch astronauts. One of the key systems required for human flight is the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which was designed to work in concert with the spacesuit and spacecraft. The tight coupling of many subsystems combined with an emphasis on simplicity and fault tolerance created unique challenges and opportunities for the design team. During the development of the crew ECLSS, the Dragon 1 cargo spacecraft flew with a simple ECLSS for animals, providing an opportunity for technology development and the early characterization of system-level behavior. As the ECLSS design matured a series of tests were conducted, including with humans in a prototype capsule in November 2016, the Demo-1 test flight to the ISS in March 2019, and human-in-the-loop ground testing in the Demo-2 capsule in January 2020 before the same vehicle performs a crewed test flight. This paper describes the design and operations of the ECLSS, the development process, and the lessons learned. Nomenclature AC = air conditioning AQM = air quality monitor AVV = active vent valve CCiCap = Commercial Crew Integrated Capability CCtCap = Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CFD = computational fluid dynamics conops = concept of operations COPV = composite overwrapped -
Dysbarism - Barotrauma
DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA. -
International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers® (Iand, Inc./Iantd®)
THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF NITROX AND TECHNICAL DIVERS® (IAND, INC./IANTD®) STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR RECREATIONAL DIVING INCLUSIVE OF SPORT AND TECHNICAL DIVING Revised: August 23, 2007 These Standards are licensed for use exclusively by IANTD Professionals and are for dive training use only. These Standards are copyrighted and are the intellectual property of IANTD. IANTD grants its active Professionals license to use these Standards only. You agree that possession and use of the IANTD Standards shall be strictly in accordance with this license and receipt or possession does not convey any rights to divulge, reproduce or allow others to use these Standards without specific written authorization from IANTD. All rights not expressly granted are reserved by IANTD. IAND, Inc. / IANTD wishes to thank all of the members of the BOA both past and present for their contributions to these Standards. While some leaders in the diving world have decided to receive the honor of Emeritus BOA member, their contributions are noted fully and their assistance in development of these Standards and to diving are very much appreciated and respected. Revision Date 12/3/2007 IAND, Inc. / IANTD International Board of Directors Tom Mount, Chairman BOD; Patti Mount, CEO; Joseph Dituri, Training Director; David Mount (Dick Rutkowski, Founder) IAND, Inc. / IANTD International Active Board of Advisors Fabio Amaral, Jean-Claude Chappuis, Nancy Romanica Easterbrook, Lamar Hires, Kevin Gurr, Brian Kakuk, Eric Keibler, Morten Lindberg, Shelly Orlowski, Dave Thompson, Jill Heinerth, Martin Robson, Jeff Waugh, Tero Sinkkonen, Matti Anttila, James Mims, David Skoumal, David Sawatzky, Jeff Bozanic, Frans Vandermolen, Mike Fowler, Gregg Stanton, John P. -
8. Decompression Procedures Diver
TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8. Decompression Procedures Diver 8.1 Introduction This course examines the theory, methods and procedures of planned stage decompression diving. This program is designed as a stand-alone course or it may be taught in conjunction with TDI Advanced Nitrox, Advanced Wreck, or Full Cave Course. The objective of this course is to train divers how to plan and conduct a standard staged decompression dive not exceeding a maximum depth of 45 metres / 150 feet. The most common equipment requirements, equipment set-up and decompression techniques are presented. Students are permitted to utilize enriched air nitrox (EAN) mixes or oxygen for decompression provided the gas mix is within their current certification level. 8.2 Qualifications of Graduates Upon successful completion of this course, graduates may engage in decompression diving activities without direct supervision provided: 1. The diving activities approximate those of training 2. The areas of activities approximate those of training 3. Environmental conditions approximate those of training Upon successful completion of this course, graduates are qualified to enroll in: 1. TDI Advanced Nitrox Course 2. TDI Extended Range Course 3. TDI Advanced Wreck Course 4. TDI Trimix Course 8.3 Who May Teach Any active TDI Decompression Procedures Instructor may teach this course Version 0221 67 TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8.4 Student to Instructor Ratio Academic 1. Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensure comprehensive and complete training of subject matter Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions) 1. -
DNVGL-OS-E402 Diving Systems
OFFSHORE STANDARDS DNVGL-OS-E402 Edition January 2017 Diving systems The content of this service document is the subject of intellectual property rights reserved by DNV GL AS ("DNV GL"). The user accepts that it is prohibited by anyone else but DNV GL and/or its licensees to offer and/or perform classification, certification and/or verification services, including the issuance of certificates and/or declarations of conformity, wholly or partly, on the basis of and/or pursuant to this document whether free of charge or chargeable, without DNV GL's prior written consent. DNV GL is not responsible for the consequences arising from any use of this document by others. The electronic pdf version of this document, available free of charge from http://www.dnvgl.com, is the officially binding version. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL offshore standards contain technical requirements, principles and acceptance criteria related to classification of offshore units. © DNV GL AS January 2017 Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. CHANGES – CURRENT This document supersedes DNV-OS-E402 Offshore standard for Diving systems, October 2010 and DNV-DS- E403 Standard for Surface Diving Systems, July 2012 Changes in this document are highlighted in red colour. -
SCUBA: a Seaductive Diversion from Reality 20 17
SCUBA: A SEAductive DIVERsion from Reality 20 17 504.888.4882 Metairie Diving School, Inc. 4709 Airline Dr. Metairie, LA 70001 (between Clearview & Transcontinental) 46 Years and counting . Homo Aquaticus: Frequently sighted from the intertidal zone to depths in excess of 100’, this creature is slow-moving and somewhat clumsy in comparison to other marine life. Varying greatly in color and size, this animal can be identi- fi ed by a prominent, cylindrical shaped dorsal fi n. Page 2 www.harrysdiveshop.com | 504-888-4882 Table of Contents SCUBA is for YOU if 4 Getting certifi ed is EASY 5 Rental Prices and Policies 7 Medical Questionnaire 8 Our SCUBA Course Policies 10 Myths & Misconceptions 13 In-Water Orientation Dates 14 SCUBA Weekday Open Water Course 16 Accelerated SCUBA Course 17 Private Open Water SCUBA 18 Puchasing Equipment 19 Checkout Dive Weekends 20 Your EARS and diving 22 LEAD weights and you 23 Specialty Courses 26 SCUBA Rangers Kidz Summer Camp 28 Refresher - SCUBA Skills Update 30 Perfect Buoyancy & Underwater SMB deployment 31 NITROX – the breathing gas of choice 32 Advanced SCUBA Diver 33 Master Diver 34 Spearfi shing 35 RESCUE Diver 36 CPR / First Aid / DAN O2 Provider 37 Closed Circuit Rebreather (CCR) 38 Extended Range/Technical Diving 39 Who is HARRY? 41 Who is DAN? 44 Swimming Lessons with Swim-Smart @ Harry’s 46 Saturday LAP Swimming and SCUBA 48 Snorkeling LESSONS 50 Try SCUBA Saturdays 51 Page 3 www.harrysdiveshop.com | 504-888-4882 HARRY’S DIVE SHOP, INC. (Since 1971) Metairie Diving School, Inc. 4709 Airline Dr. -
Code of Federal Regulations GPO Access
4±23±97 Wednesday Vol. 62 No. 78 April 23, 1997 Pages 19667±19896 Briefings on how to use the Federal Register For information on briefings in Washington, DC, see announcement on the inside cover of this issue. Now Available Online Code of Federal Regulations via GPO Access (Selected Volumes) Free, easy, online access to selected Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) volumes is now available via GPO Access, a service of the United States Government Printing Office (GPO). CFR titles will be added to GPO Access incrementally throughout calendar years 1996 and 1997 until a complete set is available. GPO is taking steps so that the online and printed versions of the CFR will be released concurrently. The CFR and Federal Register on GPO Access, are the official online editions authorized by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register. New titles and/or volumes will be added to this online service as they become available. http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr For additional information on GPO Access products, services and access methods, see page II or contact the GPO Access User Support Team via: ★ Phone: toll-free: 1-888-293-6498 ★ Email: [email protected] federal register 1 II Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 78 / Wednesday, April 23, 1997 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES PUBLIC Subscriptions: Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 General online information 202±512±1530; 1±888±293±6498 FEDERAL REGISTER Published daily, Monday through Friday, Single copies/back copies: (not published on Saturdays, Sundays, or on official holidays), by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Paper or fiche 512±1800 Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 Register Act (49 Stat. -
Using Underwater Pulse Oximetry in Freediving to Extreme Depths to Study Risk of Hypoxic Blackout and Diving Response Phases
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 01 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651128 Using Underwater Pulse Oximetry in Freediving to Extreme Depths to Study Risk of Hypoxic Blackout and Diving Response Phases Eric Mulder 1* and Erika Schagatay 1,2 1 Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden, 2 Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden Deep freediving exposes humans to hypoxia and dramatic changes in pressure. The effect of depth on gas exchange may enhance risk of hypoxic blackout (BO) during the last part of the ascent. Our aim was to investigate arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate Edited by: (HR) in shallow and deep freedives, central variables, which have rarely been studied Costantino Balestra, underwater in deep freediving. Four male elite competitive freedivers volunteered to wear Haute École Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Belgium a newly developed underwater pulse oximeter for continuous monitoring of SpO2 and HR Reviewed by: during self-initiated training in the sea. Two probes were placed on the temples, connected Neal William Pollock, to a recording unit on the back of the freediver. Divers performed one “shallow” and one Laval University, Canada Kay Tetzlaff, “deep” constant weight dive with fins. Plethysmograms were recorded at 30 Hz, and University Hospital of Tübingen, SpO2 and HR were extracted. Mean ± SD depth of shallow dives was 19 ± 3 m, and Germany 73 ± 12 m for deep dives. Duration was 82 ± 36 s in shallow and 150 ± 27 s in deep Claus-Martin Muth, Universitaetsklinikum Ulm, Germany dives. All divers desaturated more during deeper dives (nadir 55 ± 10%) compared to *Correspondence: shallow dives (nadir 80 ± 22%) with a lowest SpO2 of 44% in one deep dive. -
Deep Sea Dive Ebook Free Download
DEEP SEA DIVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Frank Lampard | 112 pages | 07 Apr 2016 | Hachette Children's Group | 9780349132136 | English | London, United Kingdom Deep Sea Dive PDF Book Zombie Worm. Marrus orthocanna. Deep diving can mean something else in the commercial diving field. They can be found all over the world. Depth at which breathing compressed air exposes the diver to an oxygen partial pressure of 1. Retrieved 31 May Diving medicine. Arthur J. Retrieved 13 March Although commercial and military divers often operate at those depths, or even deeper, they are surface supplied. Minimal visibility is still possible far deeper. The temperature is rising in the ocean and we still don't know what kind of an impact that will have on the many species that exist in the ocean. Guiel Jr. His dive was aborted due to equipment failure. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Depth limit for a group of 2 to 3 French Level 3 recreational divers, breathing air. Underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm accepted by the associated community. Limpet mine Speargun Hawaiian sling Polespear. Michele Geraci [42]. Diving safety. Retrieved 19 September All of these considerations result in the amount of breathing gas required for deep diving being much greater than for shallow open water diving. King Crab. Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive. The bottom part which has the pilot sphere inside. List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment.