DOCSLIB.ORG

BANKING on NATURE 2004: the Economic Benefits to Local Communities of National Wildlife Refuge Visitation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BANKING on NATURE 2004: the Economic Benefits to Local Communities of National Wildlife Refuge Visitation BANKING ON NATURE 2004: The Economic Benefits to Local Communities of National Wildlife Refuge Visitation In a world where money counts, the land needs value to give it a voice. ─ Frances Cairncross, Costing the Earth James Caudill, Ph.D. and Erin Henderson Division of Economics U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington, DC September 2005 Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................... i Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Region 1.........................................................................................................................................13 Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge.............................................................................. 14 Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................................. 18 Columbia National Wildlife Refuge ..................................................................................... 22 Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge...................................................................................... 27 Grays Harbor National Wildlife Refuge............................................................................... 31 Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge.......................................................... 35 Humboldt National Wildlife Refuge..................................................................................... 40 Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................. 44 Kern National Wildlife Refuge............................................................................................. 48 Kootenai National Wildlife Refuge ...................................................................................... 52 Little Pend Oreille National Wildlife Refuge....................................................................... 56 Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge............................................................................ 60 Malheur National Wildlife Refuge ....................................................................................... 64 Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge ..................................................................................... 68 Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge.................................................................................... 72 Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................... 76 Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge.................................................................................. 80 Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge ......................................................................... 84 Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge............................................................... 88 Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge ..................................................................................... 92 Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................................ 96 Region 2.......................................................................................................................................100 Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge .............................................................. 101 Bill Williams National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................................. 105 Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................. 109 Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge.................................................................... 113 Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge.............................................................................. 117 Cibola National Wildlife Refuge ........................................................................................ 121 Kofa National Wildlife Refuge........................................................................................... 126 Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge..................................................................................... 130 Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge .................................................................................. 134 Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................... 138 Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................ 143 Washita National Wildlife Refuge...................................................................................... 147 Region 3.......................................................................................................................................151 Big Stone National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................... 152 Crane Meadows National Wildlife Refuge......................................................................... 156 Mingo National Wildlife Refuge ........................................................................................ 160 Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................. 164 Necedah National Wildlife Refuge..................................................................................... 168 Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge ....................................................................................... 172 Patoka National Wildlife Refuge........................................................................................ 176 Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................... 180 Seney National Wildlife Refuge ......................................................................................... 184 Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge .................................................................................. 188 Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................................. 192 Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge..................................................................................... 197 Region 4.......................................................................................................................................201 Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge ..................................................................... 202 Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................ 206 Cache River National Wildlife Refuge............................................................................... 210 Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge............................................................................. 214 Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge......................................................................... 218 Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge .............................................................................. 222 Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge .................................................................................. 226 J. N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Refuge ..................................................................... 230 Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge....................................................................... 234 Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................ 238 Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge .................................................................................. 243 Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge...................................................................................... 247 Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge.................................................................................... 251 Sabine National Wildlife Refuge........................................................................................ 256 St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................... 260 Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge .................................................................................. 265 Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex................................................... 270 West Tennessee Refuge Complex ...................................................................................... 275 White River National Wildlife Refuge ............................................................................... 280 Region 5.......................................................................................................................................284 Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge ................................................................................... 285 Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge................................................................................. 289 Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge ..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lake Erie Watershed (Great Lakes Basin) Character Statement
    Lake Erie Watershed (Great Lakes Basin) Character Statement Lake Erie is the fourth largest of the Great Lakes in terms of water surface area (9,910 square miles) but the smallest by volume, containing only about 3% of the Great Lakes water. Lake Superior has over 50%, Lake Michigan has 21%, Lake Huron has 16%, and Lake Ontario has 9%. Water from the other Great Lakes reaches Lake Erie through the Detroit River and continues on to Lake Ontario through the Niagara River and Welland Canal. The total watershed is 30,140 square miles with only 511 square miles in Pennsylvania. Geology All of the Great Lakes experienced glaciation several times throughout the past. The force and power of these events led to the physical characteristics of the lakes including Lake Erie’s depth and size. Such events also defined the area’s geology and topography thus determining the groundwater resources. In PA, the Lake Erie watershed lies within two physiographic provinces. The area adjacent to the lake is located in the Eastern Lake Section of the Central Lowland Province and is situated over shale, sedimentary and sandstone bedrock. The upland area of the watershed is located in the Glaciated Pittsburgh Plateaus Section of the Appalachian Plateau Province. These provinces within the watershed are separated by an erosional scarp (a steep slope or cliff found at the margin of a flat or gently sloping area usually against the dip of the rocks) that is three to four miles from the lake and oriented in a southwest to northeast direction. Aquifers in both provinces benefit tremendously from the deposition of glacial drift – unconsolidated material from past glaciers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hello Pennsylvania
    Hello Pennsylvania A QUICK TOUR OF THE COMMONWEALTH There is much to be proud of in Pennsylvania. Magnificent land, steadfast citizens, lasting traditions, resilient spirit — and a system of government that has sustained Pennsylvania and the nation for over 300 years. Hello Pennsylvania is one of a series of booklets we at the House of Representatives have prepared to make our state and the everyday workings of our government more understandable to its citizens. As your representatives, this is both our responsibility and our pleasure. Copies of this booklet may be obtained from your State Representative or from: The Office of the Chief Clerk House of Representatives Room 129, Main Capitol Building Harrisburg, PA 17120-2220 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA • HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a hello Pennsylv marvelous mix A PENNSYLVANIA PROFILE A Quick Tour of the If you wanted to draw a 7 NORTHERN TIER Hunting, fishing, hardwood, Commonwealth picture of Pennsylvania and agriculture The largest open space in the Three hundred years ago, it Chances are you studied the you would need some facts. northeastern United States, this region houses the Little Like the size of the state Grand Canyon and more deer, was known as Penn’s Woods Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bear, and trout than people. and the kind of land and Counties: Bradford, Cameron, (Penn’s Sylvania) – and in a classroom years ago – or as Clinton, Elk, Forest, Lycoming, waterways that mark its McKean, Potter, Sullivan, William Penn owned it all! No recently as yesterday. But few Susquehanna, Tioga, Wyoming surface. You might want of us have Pennsylvania facts at 1 COLONIAL PENNSYLVANIA 4 ANTHRACITE AREA 8 STEEL KINGDOM commoner in history, before or to show major industries Historic attractions, high-tech, Recreation, manufacturing, Manufacturing, coal, high-tech, If you’ve got a good ear, education, and banking and coal and banking since, personally possessed our fingertips.
    [Show full text]
  • Putting a Resiliency Plan in Place
    2018 VOLUME 24, NUMBER 6 THE COMMISSIONER PLANNING TOOLS | HISTORY | BEST PRACTICES | LAW communities to reevaluate the existing infrastructure, land-use patterns, and public facilities that could be affected by a catastrophic event, particularly a repeat event. An important factor for local, state, and regional governments to consider is a disaster’s economic impact on a com- munity. The faster an area recovers from the damage, the sooner businesses can reopen and begin the recovery period. Frequent disruptions in economic activity stemming from recurring events may indicate the need for a careful study of the area’s vulnerabilities. Bayshore Boulevard in Tampa experienced some flooding during Hurricane Michael The commissioner’s role in October, despite being more than 300 miles from landfall in Florida’s Panhandle. Commissioners have multiple tools at their disposal to aid in resiliency plan- ning. These tools range from local mitiga- Putting a Resiliency Plan in Place tion strategies, which can reduce or even eliminate risks, to capital improvement ECENT EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS have alerted planning commissioners all over plans that can identify needed projects the U.S.—and the world—to the need for resilience, a term that is becoming a key and options for financing them. R element of the planning vocabulary. In the wake of Hurricane Michael, the state Perhaps the most important tools of Florida is particularly sensitive to the threat of hazards. Hillsborough County, where are comprehensive plans and long-range I am the executive director of the city-county planning commission, is continually transportation plans. In 2015, the state taking steps toward greater resiliency.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the Full Pdf of the Jun/Jul Issue
    47 Years of Environmental News Arcata, California Vol. 48, No. 3 Jun/Jul 2018 ECEC NEWSNEWS Published by the Northcoast Environmental Center Since 1971 Celebrate Wild & Scenic Rivers 50th Anniversary of the Wild & Scenic Rivers Act G-O Road 30th Anniversary | Global Plastic Problem | Controversial Water Tax Bill Jordan Cove LNG Back Again | Carbon Neutral Biomass? | Kin to the Earth: Rob DiPerna National Parks Centennial Celebration News From the Center Larry Glass, Executive Director, special use permit. T is signifi cant with smoking. and Bella Waters, Admin & loophole could allow Mercer-Fraser to • SB 836 - State Development Director get a conditional use permit and begin Beaches Smoking Ban. An important issue we’ve been its hash lab activities on the Glendale Banning smoking on working on is making sure that the site without changing the zoning. Be state beaches will public is fully informed about the sure and let your supervisor know if reduce the massive planned cannabis chemical extraction you fi nd this to be an unacceptable amount of cigarette facilities (hash labs) by Mercer-Fraser threat to our drinking water! butt litter. In addition at Glendale, on the Mad River near With so many critical decisions to the fi nes imposed Blue Lake, and at Big Rock on the being made by the Board of by Senate Bill 836, Trinity River near Willow Creek. Supervisors, the June election has the NEC encouraged Despite the seemingly good news become a focus of concern. In light adequate funding of that Mercer-Fraser has withdrawn of that, the NEC participated in a personnel to be able to its plans for the Glendale operation community forum with the Humboldt enforce this and SB 835 and rezoning, we can’t stress enough supervisorial candidates.
    [Show full text]
  • California Floras, Manuals, and Checklists: a Bibliography
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 2019 California Floras, Manuals, and Checklists: A Bibliography James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "California Floras, Manuals, and Checklists: A Bibliography" (2019). Botanical Studies. 70. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/70 This Flora of California is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CALIFORNIA FLORAS, MANUALS, AND CHECKLISTS Literature on the Identification and Uses of California Vascular Plants Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 21st Edition – 14 November 2019 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Introduction . 1 1: North American & U. S. Regional Floras. 2 2: California Statewide Floras . 4 3: California Regional Floras . 6 Northern California Sierra Nevada & Eastern California San Francisco Bay, & Central Coast Central Valley & Central California Southern California 4: National Parks, Forests, Monuments, Etc.. 15 5: State Parks and Other Sites . 23 6: County and Local Floras . 27 7: Selected Subjects. 56 Endemic Plants Rare and Endangered Plants Extinct Aquatic Plants & Vernal Pools Cacti Carnivorous Plants Conifers Ferns & Fern Allies Flowering Trees & Shrubs Grasses Orchids Ornamentals Weeds Medicinal Plants Poisonous Plants Useful Plants & Ethnobotanical Studies Wild Edible Plants 8: Sources .
    [Show full text]
  • To Download a PDF of Econews Apr/May 2020!
    49 Years of Environmental News Arcata, California Vol. 50, No. 2 Apr/May 2020 ECEC NNPublished by the Northcoast EWS EWS Environmental Center Since 1971 Spacious solidarity The age of birding separate but not alone 50th Earth Day | House Passes Public Lands Bill | COVID-19 Resources | Neighborhood Ferns Trinidad Rancheria Hotel | Birdathon | Climate Bonds | Kin to the Earth: Eileen Cooper National Parks Centennial Celebration News From the Center • Formed a tight working relationship new committees (Tech, Larry Glass, with staff . Personnel). Executive Director • Supervised the move from the • Enhanced the eff ectiveness Greenway building to our current and organization of events. It’s with a mixture of sadness permanent location. • Increased guidance and and gratitude that I announce • Helped tremendously to coordinate support for our intern our wonderful Administrative & the beginnings of the cleanup program. Development Director, Bella Waters, eff orts of our 9th street property. • Enhanced the lending library has accepted a full-time position • Oversaw the awarding and and supported zero waste with the Environmental Services implementation of grants like the goals at events with the department at the City of Arcata. Whale Tail Grant for our CLEAN! addition of linens. While I personally will mourn the loss Coastal Learning, Education and • Oversaw the transition from of my great work partner, Bella, I’m at Action Now! Project; Arcata Main the outdated website to a more the same time very happy for her and Street, Oyster Festival Aquaculture functional Wordpress site. her family for this great opportunity. Support Fund for our Adopt- Financial and health security have a-Block Program; and Alaskan e Personnel Committee to be at the top of all of our agendas Brewing Co.’s CODE Grant for our conducted a thorough hiring 50th Anniversary of Earth Day in this day and age.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan Update 2004
    Pacific Coast Joint Venture Coastal Northern California Component STRATEGIC PLAN UPDATE 2004 Big River, Mendocino County Pacific Coast Joint Venture Northern California Component STRATEGIC PLAN UPDATE 2004 Prepared by: California Pacific Coast Joint Venture http://www.madriverbio.com/ca-pcjv.html Ron LeValley Coordinator, California PCJV [email protected] Dr. C. John Ralph, Chair California PCJV [email protected] or [email protected] Carey Smith, Joint Venture Coordinator U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service [email protected] Chet Ogan Redwood Region Audubon Society [email protected] Karen Kovacs California Department of Fish & Game [email protected] September 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................................. …iii Chapter 1. Introduction… .................................................................................................. ..…1-1 The North American Waterfowl Management Plan .................................................................... 1-1 Population Objectives ............................................................................................................ 1-1 International Administration........................................................................................................ 1-2 Regional Administration.............................................................................................................. 1-2 Habitat Joint Ventures............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • LOLETA Iv Eel River Wildlife Area Wildlife E 199 “North Coast 101” Is Distributed to Subscribers of the Times-Standard
    North Coast 2019-2020 | www.times-standard.com North Coast HUMBOLDT COUNTY GETTING HERE Long before Humboldt was a county, it was a bay inhab- Taking U.S. Highway 101 North will guide you right into ited by Yurok, Karuk, Wiyot, Chilula, Whilkut and Hupa Humboldt County. Once you’re north of San Francisco and tribes, among others. In May of 1853, the area we live and Mendocino County on U.S. Highway 101 north, you’ll enter work in today was declared a county almost 50 years after Humboldt County. sea otter hunters claimed it and named it after their hero. Continuing up U.S. Highway 101 north you’ll enter Del In 1850, hunters Douglas Ottinger and Hans Buhne Norte county and Crescent City. This is one of the last entered the bay and decided that a man they respected, main stops before you drive into Oregon. naturalist and explorer Baron Alexander von Humboldt, Humboldt is also the westernmost tip of smaller deserved a bay in his name. Thus, Humboldt Bay and highways like U.S. Highway 299 from Redding, and U.S. County were born. Highway 36 from Red Blu . PHOTO BY SHAUN WALKER Air Service to Redwood Coast California Redwood DEL NORTE COUNTY Climate Coast — Humboldt N e P Avg. Avg. Prairie Creek w a K r t Month Temp (°F) Rainfall County Airport (ACV) k o Redwoods l w n a a B Jan. .............. 56 ............3.8” 96 State Park m y . United Express D a Feb. .............. 55 .............3.6” r t Service to and from Fern Canyon u h r March .........
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to State and Local Census Geography
    Guide to State and Local Census Geography Guide to State and Local Census Geography The first Guide to State and Local Census Geography (1990 CPH-I-18) was issued in June 1993 as a joint venture between the US Census Bureau and the Association of Public Data Users (APDU). The book contained an overview of census geography and had information about key geographic concepts for each state as it related to the 1990 Census. The US Census Bureau updated this publication based on geography for the 2010 Census and is making it available as a web publication. The format of this publication is similar to the 1993 publication in that it has information about the census geography of each state. This edition of the publication includes: Basic information about the state o 2010 Census Population o Land Area o Density o Capital o Date Became a State o Bordering States o International Borders History of the State o Includes information as to what censuses have data for this state American Indian Areas Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Related Statistical Areas Counties County Subdivisions Places Census Tracts/Block Groups/Blocks Congressional Districts School Districts State Legislative Districts Urban Areas ZIP Code Tabulation Areas Other Information of General Geographic Interest (select states) Historical Centers of Population Most Populous, Largest in Area, and Most Densely Populated Areas Lists of Entities Page | 1 http://www.census.gov/geo/reference/geoguide.html Guide to State and Local Census Geography Alabama .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Field Notes by Stan Harris 27 October-30 November 2002
    Field Notes by Stan Harris 27 October-30 November 2002 Only one (count them) rain storm, 7-9 Nov, but generally weather continued unseasonably dry, HBNWR has virtually no water, and No Name Pond was dry the first half of the period as were most swales in the bottomlands. Abbreviations used: AB= Arcata Bottoms; AMP = Arcata Marsh Project; AOP = Arcata Oxidation Pond; BSLP = Butcher Slough Log Pond; EM = Expected Migrant; ERWA = Eel River Wildlife Area; FR = Few Records; HBNWR = Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge; ID = Interesting Date; IIT = Interesting, if true; IL = Interesting Location; IN= Interesting Numbers; MKSP = MacKerricher State Park; MRWA = Mad River Wildlife Area; mo = Many Observers; MS = Monitored Species; NC = Not confirmed by a second party; ND = No Details; SD = Storm Driven; SRB = Smith River Bottoms; SWWR = Sea Watch from Wedding Rock. HIGHLIGHTS: ARCTIC LOON (IIT, NC): 1 reported, partial phone description, SWWR, 13 Nov (KI): BULLER‟S SHEARWATER (ID): 1, SWWR, 17-18 Nov (KI): SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATER (IL; NC): 1 reported, partial phone description, SWWR, 17 Nov (KI): AMERICAN BITTERN (FR): 1, BSLP, 5, 28 Nov (SH, BC); 1, MRWA, 18 Nov (KR); 1, AMP, 24 Nov (C&AC): GREAT EGRET (IL, IN): 6, So. Fork, Eel River, Meyers Flat, 30 Oct (JG); 5, Hettenshaw Valley, 30 Oct (TL): CATTLE EGRET (FR): 1, AB, 11 Nov (KR); 1, AB, 28 Nov (PS): SNOW GOOSE (FR): 2, Hookton Slough, 17 Nov (MN); 1-3, AB, AMP, 21-30 Nov (SH, PS, et al.): WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE (FR): 1-5, AB, 7-8 Nov (KR); 1, Hookton Slough, 16 Nov (DW, RC); 1 known shot by
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in the Morphology of Restored and Invaded Foredunes Humboldt Bay, California
    Differences in the Morphology of Restored and Invaded Foredunes Humboldt Bay, California Invaded area of North of Lanphere Dunes (photo credit: Kelsey McDonald) Restored area of Lanphere Dunes (photo credit: Laurel Goldsmith) Kelsey McDonald U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge Arcata, CA 95521 January, 2015 1 Abstract This study used remotely sensed data from a high-resolution (1 m2) 2010 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to model the slopes, elevations, and profiles of restored foredunes in comparison with invaded foredunes on the North Spit of Humboldt Bay. Restoration in the study area took place over the last 25 years, and these areas now primarily support native dunegrass (Elymus mollis Trin.) and other native dune species. The invaded areas are dominated by non- native European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria L.). Despite recently voiced concerns that restoration might be permanently lowering the foredune, restored and invaded areas showed no significant difference in height (p=0.748). However, restored and invaded foredunes did show a significant difference in slope (p<<0.001) and slightly different profile shapes; invaded dunes were steeper with a more flat, plateau-like top, and restored areas were more gently sloping with rounded peaks. Dune heights increased from the southern end of the study area to the north, regardless of restoration status, indicating that other factors affect dune heights in the study area. The availability of only one high-resolution DEM limits these observations to a point-in-time characterization, and the applicability of the models is limited to the study area. Introduction The Lanphere and Ma-le’l Dunes Units of Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge contain the best remaining example of the native coastal dune ecosystem that once occurred between Monterey, California and Coos Bay, Oregon (Cooper 1967, Buell et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Magazine
    THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Volume 57 October 1974 Number 4 JOHN NICHOLSON AND THE PENNSYLVANIA POPULATION COMPANY Robert D. Arbuckle Nicholson, 1757-1800, was an early Pennsylvania land spec- Johnulator, financier, and entrepreneur. While serving as comptroller- general of the state, 1782-1794, he was a major factor inhelping Penn- sylvania achieve financial solvency after the revolutionary war. In this capacity Nicholson created political alliances with those who stressed state rather than national sovereignty, and in the 1790s he was instru- mental inhelping to form the Democratic-Republican party. Nicholson was a friend of many prominent national and state political figures, such as Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Mifflin,Robert Morris, Aaron Burr, and Edmund Randolph. Inaddition to his political activities, Nicholson engaged in many entrepreneurial promotions. He and his partners were the major pri- vate purchasers of building lots in the Federal District (Washington. D.C.) in its infancy; he was a flour merchant and an ironmonger, helping to establish with John Haydn the first iron furnace west of the Allegheny Mountains, near present-day Uniontown; owned many lead, copper, silver, and coal mines; promoted inventors like John Fitch, James Rumsey, and Oliver Evans; managed and spon- sored internal improvement projects, such as the Philadelphia-Lancas- ter Turnpike and the Delaware and Schuylkill Canal ;and participated in many humanitarian activities, such as helping blacks inPhiladelphia. However, Nicholson's primary activity was land speculation. He Dr. Arbuckle is associate director of academic affairs and is an assistant professor of history at the Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pa., campus. —Editor 354 ROBERT D.
    [Show full text]