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Captive Orcas
Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information. -
LUSEM Thesis Template
Brand Hostage How NGOs achieve their Strategic Goals on a Reputational Battlefield by Allan Su & Stefanie Wolff May 2017 Master’s Programme in International Marketing & Brand Management Supervisor: Mats Urde Examiner: Veronika Tarnovskaya Abstract Title: Brand Hostage - How NGOs achieve their Strategic Goals on a Reputational Battlefield Authors: Allan Su and Stefanie Wolff Course: BUSN39 Degree project in Global Marketing Date of Seminar: 2017-05-31 Supervisor: Mats Urde Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the phenomenon of brand hostage, with the aim to develop a framework and a definition for a deeper understanding of its modus operandi. Relevance: Over the past two decades, disruptive and successful NGO campaigns have increasingly targeted corporations, which makes the topic a major concern for managers. Nevertheless, both from an academic and practitioner's perspective the phenomenon remains elusive and neither well understood nor described in theory or practice. Methodology: A qualitative multiple-case study with a constructionist and interpretivist stance has been chosen to follow the inductive approach. For the data collection and analysis of that data, a grounded theory approach was applied. The selected NGO cases encompass three Greenpeace campaigns as well as one campaign each from the Organic Consumer Association against Starbucks and Green America against General Mills. Findings: The research findings indicate that the phenomenon of brand hostage is significantly more complex than stated in current literature, as demonstrated in the developed NGO brand hostage framework resulting from the case analyses. Furthermore, there exists the possibility of a continuing partnership after the resolution. Contributions: The research contributes to NGO, reputation management and crisis communication theory by providing a framework and definition of the brand hostage phenomenon. -
Demand-Side Interventions to Reduce Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Demand-side interventions to reduce deforestation and forest degradation Nathalie Walker, Sabrina Patel, Frances Davies, Simon Milledge and James Hulse DEMAnd-sidE inTERVENTIOns TO REDUCE DEFORESTATION And FOREST DEGRADATION Acknowledgements Increasing recognition of the role that commodity demand-side measures can play to address deforestation has resulted in a recent surge in efforts to assess progress and chart ways forward. As an initial step towards taking a holistic look at the range of available commodity demand-side measures, this paper was the result of a collaboration between the International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED), Global Canopy Programme (GCP), CDP Forests (formerly Forest Footprint Disclosure Project) and The Prince’s Rainforests Project (PRP). In this regard special thanks are due to Andrew Mitchell (GCP), James Hulse (CDP Forests), Frances Davis (GCP), Nathalie Walker (FFD), Edward Davey (PRP), Irene Klepinine (PRP), Georgia Edwards (PRP), Duncan Macqueen (IIED), Simon Milledge (IIED), Leianne Rolington (IIED) and Lucile Robinson (IIED). The paper builds on an international workshop held in February 2013, also co-convened by the International Institute of Environment and Development, Global Canopy Programme, CDP Forests and The Prince’s Rainforests Project. The active inputs from presenters and participants representing private sector, civil society and government are sincerely appreciated, and The Royal Society is acknowledged for providing an atmospheric venue setting within the City of London rooms. Barbara Bramble (National Wildlife Federation and also Chair of the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels) deserves special mention for having chaired the event to ensure a day of informative and provocative discussions. Lastly, Duncan Brack and Alison Hoare (Chatham House) are acknowledged for their efforts to enable coordinated preparations and follow-up to this work. -
Page 1297 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 917B
Page 1297 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 917b 1923, as amended’’ on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, § 7(b), classified principally to chapter 38 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631 (the first section of which en- title. For complete classification of this Act to the acted Title 5, Government Organization and Employ- Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of ees), and of section 1106(a) of act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, this title and Tables. title XI, 63 Stat. 972, which provided that references in MENDMENTS other laws to the Classification Act of 1923 shall be con- A sidered to mean the Classification Act of 1949. 1996—Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted ‘‘Magnuson- In cl. (b), ‘‘subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5 and Stevens Fishery’’ for ‘‘Magnuson Fishery’’. section 5731(a) of title 5’’ substituted for ‘‘the Travel 1980—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–561 substituted ‘‘Magnuson Expense Act of 1949 and section 10 of the Act of March Fishery Conservation and Management Act’’ for ‘‘Fish- 3, 1933 (U.S.C., title 5, sec. 73b)’’ on authority of Pub. L. ery Conservation and Management Act of 1976’’. 89–554, § 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT In cl. (e), ‘‘section 501 of title 44’’ substituted for Section 101(a) [title II, § 211(b)] of div. A of Pub. L. ‘‘section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1919 (U.S.C., title 44, 104–208 provided that the amendment made by that sec- sec. -
Whale Conservation in Coastal Ecuador : Environmentalism of the Poor Or Neoliberal Conservation ?*
Revista Iberoamericana 25.2 (2014 ): 1-33. Whale Conservation in Coastal Ecuador : Environmentalism of the Poor or Neoliberal Conservation ?* Bradley Tatar Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology [UNIST] Tatar, Bradley (2014), Whale Conservation in Coastal Ecuador: Environmentali sm of the Poor or Neoliberal Conservation? In this p aper, I examine the interaction between transnational activist Abstract networks, conservation scientists, government authorities, and artisanal fish ing communities in coastal Ecuador. Focusing on the problem of cetacean bycatch, I employ the concept of the “discourse of nature” to identify contrasting languages of valuation used by the stakeholders for marine coastal environments. NGOs utilize a scientific evaluation to portray artisanal fishing as a hazard to the survival of hum pback whales, but this coincides with the attempt by government and development agencies to portray artisanal fisheries as inefficient and ecologically harmful. In contrast, a survey I carried out in a coastal fishing community shows that local residents contest this portrayal of fishing as ecologically harmful, drawing upon their discourses of livelihood, indigenous identity, territorial claims, and social marginality. Focusing on the social conflict surrounding the marine protected area [MPA] of Machalilla National Park, I argue that additional restrictions on fishing to mitigate the incidence of cetacean bycatch will not have adequate social acceptance by local artisan fishing communities. Hence, the language of whale conservation which appears to be a pro-poor environmentalism at the macro (international) level, appears to local actors as a threat to their livelihoods. To offset this micro/macro discrepancy, whale conservation NGOs should support local aspirations to continue fishing as a livelihood, thereby * This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2012S1A5A8024090). -
Fossil Fuel Racism How Phasing out Oil, Gas, and Coal Can Protect Communities
© Les Stone / Greenpeace Fossil Fuel Racism How Phasing Out Oil, Gas, and Coal Can Protect Communities PUBLISHED: APRIL 13, 2021 www.greenpeace.org/usa/fossil-fuel-racism Contents Executive Summary . 1 Introduction . 5 1 . Environmental Justice . 7 2 . Fossil Fuels and Air Pollutants . 10 AUTHORS 3 . Fossil Fuel Phaseout . 12 Tim Donaghy, Ph.D. 4 . Extraction . 15 Charlie Jiang Oil and Gas Extraction . 15 Coal Mining . 18 CONTRIBUTORS Colette Pichon Battle, Esq. 5 . Processing & Transport . 19 Emma Collin Oil Refining, Natural Gas Processing & Petrochemical Manufacturing . 19 Janet Redman Pipelines & Terminals . 23 Ryan Schleeter 6 . Combustion . 24 General Exposure to Criteria Air Pollution . 24 SPECIAL THANKS TO Coal and Natural Gas Power Plants . 25 Noel Healy Aidan Farrow Mobile Sources and Traffic Exposure . 26 Anusha Narayanan 7 . Climate Impacts . 28 Ashley Thomson 8 . Policy Recommendations . 30 Caroline Henderson Charlie Cray 1. End fossil fuel racism and reverse the legacies of historical injustices . 30 Jonathan Butler 2. Phase out fossil fuel production . 31 Angela Mooney D’Arcy 3. Ensure no worker or community is left behind . 31 Michael Ash 4. Enact a green and just economic recovery . 31 EDITOR 5. Protect and expand our democracy to make it work for all people . 32 Charlie Jiang Acknowledgments . 33 Endnotes . 34 DESIGNED BY Kyle McKibbin Cover image by Les Stone © Robert Visser / Greenpeace This report is endorsed by: Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments ...and more. See the full list at: http://greenpeace.org/usa/fossil-fuel-racism FOSSIL FUEL RACISM | II Executive Summary Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and gas — lie at the heart of the crises we face, including public health, racial injustice, and climate change. -
The Regulatory Framework for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises in European Waters
The Regulatory Framework for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises in European Waters Andrea Ripol, Seas At Risk, Brussels, Belgium and Mirta Zupan, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences and Ghent University, Belgium No EU citizen wants to eat fish that has been caught at the expense of iconic species like dolphins or whales. The legal framework to prevent the killing of marine mammals exists, now it is just a matter of political will to implement it. Andrea Ripol © Tilen Genov, Morigenos © Tilen Genov, 28 Overview of Cetacean Species in European Waters (including Red List Status) Introduction Interest in whale conservation began in earnest in the late 1940s largely as a response to the unsustainable pressure placed on whale populations by intensified commercial whaling. At first, the aim was to conserve populations in order to continue harvesting them. In the 1970s, as environmental activism heightened, several international agreements for nature protection were signed, including the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Today, in addition, cetaceans in European Union (EU) waters are strictly protected by the EU‘s Habitats Directive, as well as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, which intends to prevent human-induced decline of biodiversity, targets various pressures and threats and tries to achieve a good environmental status in EU waters. Legal framework in Europe Habitats Directive and the Natura 2000 network The protection of cetaceans in the EU is primarily driven by the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC), a cornerstone of EU legislation for nature protection, adopted in 1992 (Council of the European Communities, 1992). -
Center for International Environmental Law Citizens Network For
Center for International Environmental Law ● Citizens Network for Sustainable Development ● Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands ● Greenpeace – USA ● National Wildlife Federation ● Natural Resources Defense Council ● Pathfinder International ● Sierra Club ● SustainUS -United States Youth for Sustainable Development ● Union of Concerned Scientists ● Women’s Environment and Development Organization ● World Information Transfer ● Worldwatch Institute September 29, 2009 President Barack Obama The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear President Obama: We are writing, on behalf of civil society organizations representing more than a million Americans, to request that the U.S. Government enthusiastically support the proposal now before the United Nations to hold an Earth Summit in Brazil in 2012. We hope that you will see the Summit as an opportunity to consolidate the gains made in your first Administration towards sustainable development and to catalyze actions worldwide to build a new green global prosperity. We do not have a moment to lose. During your July 2008 visit to Berlin, you articulated the urgency of our global challenges. We could not agree more that “this is the moment when we must come together to save this planet. Let us resolve that we will not leave our children a world where the oceans rise and famine spreads and terrible storms devastate our lands.” The Government of Brazil is proposing bringing all of the world’s Presidents and Prime Ministers together on the 20th anniversary of the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro. This Rio Earth Summit was historic in establishing international norms and institutions around the concept of “sustainability.” The Summit resulted in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change which is the basis for the further development of the international climate regime in Copenhagen this December. -
SOLUTION: Gathering and Sonic Blasts for Oil Exploration Because These Practices Can Harm and Kill Whales
ENDANGEREDWHALES © Nolan/Greenpeace WE HAVE A PROBLEM: WHAT YOU CAN DO: • Many whale species still face extinction. • Tell the Bush administration to strongly support whale protection so whaling countries get the • Blue whales, the largest animals ever, may now number as message. few as 400.1 • Ask elected officials to press Iceland, Japan • Rogue nations Japan, Norway and Iceland flout the and Norway to respect the commercial whaling international ban on commercial whaling. moratorium. • Other threats facing whales include global warming, toxic • Demand that the U.S. curb global warming pollution dumping, noise pollution and lethal “bycatch” from fishing. and sign the Stockholm Convention, which bans the most harmful chemicals on the planet. • Tell Congress that you oppose sonar intelligence SOLUTION: gathering and sonic blasts for oil exploration because these practices can harm and kill whales. • Japan, Norway and Iceland must join the rest of the world and respect the moratorium on commercial whaling. • The loophole Japan exploits to carry out whaling for “Tomostpeople,whalingisallnineteenth- “scientific” research should be closed. centurystuff.Theyhavenoideaabout • Fishing operations causing large numbers of whale hugefloatingslaughterhouses,steel-hulled bycatch deaths must be cleaned up or stopped. chaserboatswithsonartostalkwhales, • Concerted international action must be taken to stop andharpoonsfiredfromcannons.” other threats to whales including global warming, noise Bob Hunter, pollution, ship strikes and toxic contamination. -
[Daniel, 14, Santiago, Chile] Vision Fr Movemen N T
2002 [Daniel, 14, Santiago, Chile] vision fr movemen n t oceans ancient forests climate toxics nuclear power and disarmament genetic engineering [featuring year 2001 financial statements] 2001financial year [featuring [Bill Nandris, one of the‘Star Wars 17’] 1 greenpeace 2002 brunt of environmental degradation of environmental brunt It is the poor that normally bear the It is the poor that normally “ shatter spirit In Brazil, with great The situation is serious, but Summit’s innovative economics and the actions fanfare, governments set not hopeless. On the plus Agenda 21 – millions of of states are pulling in a out on the ‘road to side, the past decade has people around the world quite different direction. sustainability’. But most of seen the adoption of are tackling local Individuals, businesses and them have now ground to a significant environmental environmental issues with countries have a choice. halt, mired in inaction and legislation at national and dedication, energy and no We can have limitless cars As I write this, final preparations are underway for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg. in Summit Earth the for underway are this, preparations write final I As a return to ‘business as international levels and an small measure of expertise. and computers, plastics usual’.The road from Rio is increasing ecological In schools, children from and air-freighted knee-deep in shattered awareness among policy virtually every country are vegetables, but in exchange promises, not least the makers and scientists. learning about the we get Bhopal and craven caving-in by the But perhaps most environment and its Chernobyl, species USA to the interests of the significant of all is the importance for their future. -
Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 75/Wednesday, April 21, 2021
21082 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 75 / Wednesday, April 21, 2021 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lisa Network, and the Wishtoyo Foundation Manning, NMFS, Office of Protected filed a complaint seeking court-ordered National Oceanic and Atmospheric Resources, 301–427–8466. deadlines for the issuance of proposed Administration SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: and final rules to designate critical habitat for the CAM, MX, and WNP 50 CFR Parts 223, 224, and 226 Background DPSs of humpback whales. See Center Under the ESA, we are responsible for for Biological Diversity et al. v. National [Docket No. 210415–0080] determining whether certain species are Marine Fisheries Service, et al., No. threatened or endangered, and, to the 3:18–cv–01628–EDL (N.D. Cal.). The RIN 0648–BI06 maximum extent prudent and parties entered into a settlement determinable, designating critical agreement with the approval and Endangered and Threatened Wildlife habitat for endangered and threatened oversight of the court, and subsequently and Plants: Designating Critical species at the time of listing (16 U.S.C. amended the dates specified in the Habitat for the Central America, 1533(a)(3)(A)(i)). On September 8, 2016, original order. The amended settlement Mexico, and Western North Pacific we published a final rule that revised agreement stipulated that NMFS submit Distinct Population Segments of the listing of humpback whales under a proposed determination concerning Humpback Whales the ESA by removing the original, the designation of critical habitat for taxonomic-level species listing, and in these three DPSs to the Federal Register AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries its place listing four DPSs as endangered by September 26, 2019. -
Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach.