7860 CONGRESSIONAL ~ ~ECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 23,

order, and even the adoption of these general rules for the government JOHN W. REYNOLDS-VETO MESSAGE. of the House can not rescind it. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following Mr. BUCHANAN. And it was never intended to do so. message from the President of the United States: which was read: Mr. O'NEILL, of Pennsylvania. No. To the Senate: . Mr. WILSON, of Minnesota, was recognized, but yielded to Mr. I return without approval Senate bill No. 1542, entitled "An act granting a. BURNES. pension to John W . Reynolds." Mr. BURNES. 1\Ir. Chairman, in order to test the judgment of the The bill describes this beneficiary as being" late of the One hundred and fifty­ sev-enth Ohlo Volunteer Infantry." committee, I ask unanimous consent that the session may be continued He filed a claim in 1872 that he was a. deputy United States provos~mn.rshal for half an hour, at the end of which time the Chairman shall pass for the Twelfth Ohio district from October, 1864, to 1\Iarch, 1865, and that in De­ upon the point of order. cember, 1864, whlle ascending a stairway to arrest two deserters who had been -drafted, a barrel of cider was rolled down upon him, by which he was severely Ur. BLAND. We have the whole fall to discuss this matter, sow by injured. need we extend the session to-day? [Laughter.] The claim having been rejected on the ground that the claimant was not en· Mr.,BURNES. Then I move that the committee rise. titled to a pension as a civil employe of the Government, he afterwards, and in January, 1888, informed the bureau that he was drafted in November, 1864, The motion was agreed to. while serving as assistant deputv provost-ma.rshal, and was sworn in and re­ The committee accordingly rose; and Mr. McCREARY having taken served for home duty, and wa~ discharged from the One hundred and fifty-first the chair as Speaker pr.o tempore, Mr. SPRINGER, from the Committee Ohio Volunteers. The records of the War Department show tbatJohn W. Rey­ nolds served in the One hundred and fifty-first Ohio Regiment from May 2,1864, of the Whole, reported that they had bad under consideration the bill to August 27, 1864. (H. R. 10896) making appropriations to supply deficiencies in the appro­ It is perfectly apparent that this beneficiary was injured whlle acting as a dep­ priations for the fiscal year ending J nne 30, 1888, and for prior years, uty a~:sistant provost-marshal, arresting deserters t'or the pay and rewards al­ lowed him, and that his injuries were not at all connected with actual military and for other purposes, and bad come to no resolution thereon. service. The House then, on motion of Mr. KILGORE (at 4 o'clock and 55 GROVER OLEVELAND. minutes p.m.), adjourned. EXECl:TIVE l\IANsw~. Augusl22, 1888. The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. Shall the bill pass, the objections of PRIVATE BILLS INTRODUCED AND REFERRED. the President of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding? Mr. DAVIS. I move that the bill, with the accompanying message, Under the ruie private bills of.tbe following titles were introduced be referred to the Committee on Pensions, and printed. and referred as indicated below: The motion was agreed to. By Mr. CLARDY: A bill (H. R. 11249) amendatory of an act au­ JA thorizing the construction of a bridge over the Mississippi River at St. !ESE. KABLER-VETO MESSAGE. Louis, :Mo., approved Feb:mary 3, 1887-to the Committee on Com­ The PRESIDENT pro tempo1·e laid before the Senate the following merce. message from the President of the United States; which was read: By Mr. LIND: A bill (H. R. 11250) granting a pension to Braddock To the Senate: F. Stocking-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. !"return without approval Senate bill No. 2Gl6, entitled ".An act granting a pen­ sion to James E. Kabler." By Mr. LODGE: A bill (H. R. 11251) for the relief .of William W. Thls beneficiary enlisted August 10, 1862. He is reported as absent uick tor .neck-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. November and December,1862; present for January and February, 1863; on the By Mr. McCREARY: A bill (H. R. 11252) for the relief of James rolls for .1\fa.rch and April he is reported as deserted, and for 1\Iay and June as under arrest. On the 17th of September, 1863, after having been in the service a Clark-to the Committee on War Claims. little over a year, he was mustered out with his company with the remark," Ab­ sent without leave and returned to duty with loss of fifty-two days' pay by order of Genera.l. Boyle." The charge of desertion does not oppear to have been re· PETITIONS, ETC. moved. He filed a claim for pension in 1870 on account of quinsy alleged to have been The following petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk, contracted about December 7,1862, with some evidence to support the claim. under the rule, and referred as follows: Three medical examinations fail to establish the existence of this disease in a pensionable degree, and it is reported to me from the Pension Burean that in By Mr. DOUGHERTY: Petition for the extension of the Govern­ March,l882, the family physicifi¥ of the beneficiary stated tl1at though he had ment telegraph line from Jupiter, Fla., to a point on Lake Worth-to practiced in his family for eight or nine years, he had no recollection of treat­ the Committee on Military Affairs. ing him for quinsy or any other disease. It seems to me that neither the service nor the alleged disability of this bene­ By Mr. McCOMAS: Petition of F. 0. Medley, for payment of his ficiary are of a meritorious character. war claim-to the Committee on War Claims. GROVER CLEVELAND. By 1\fr. MACDONALD: Petition of 40 citizens of the Third district EXECUTIVE l\IANSIO~, August 22,1883. of Minnesota, for prohibition in the District of Columbia-to the Select The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Shall the bill pass, the objections Committee on the Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. of the President of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding? By Mr. P A YSOH: Petition of Job E. Me~gnier, ofLivingston County, Mr. DAVIS. I move that the bill and message bo referred to the illinois, for an increase of pension-to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Pensions, and printed. The motion was agreed to. P. E. PARKER-VETO MESSAGE. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following SENATE. message from the President of the United States; which was read: THURSDAY, To the Senate: August 23, 1888. I return without approval Senate bill No. 3038, enlitled "An act for the relief of P. E. Parker." The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. Mr. Parker was a surety with six other pei'sons upon an official bond given Prayer by Rev. A. W. PITZER, D. D., of the city of Washington. by one Franklin Travis; fl. collector of internal revenue, which bond was dated The Journal of yesterday's pro<;eedings was read and approved. on the !lth dayofl\Iay, 18G7. A few years after that the collector became a. de­ fauller to the Government for something over l,l27,000. Suit was commenced SARAH C. ANDERSON-VETO MESSAGE. against the sureties upon the bond, and the defense was pre nted in their be­ half that by reason of the imposition of new duties and responsibilities upon The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following the collector after the execution of the bond, his sureties were relea ed. Judg­ ment however, pa sed against them, and the property of the beneficiary named message from the President of the United States; which was read: in this bill was sold upon said judgment, for the sum of $2,366.95. But only To the Senate : $1,793.16 of such amonnt was paid into the United States Treasury, the remo.in­ der having been applied to the payment of fees u.nd expenses. I return wit.ho :~ t approval Senate bill No. 23i0, entitled "An net granting a After the application of this sum to the payment of the judgment., a bill was pension to Sarah C. Anderson and children under sixteen years of age." pas ed by the Congress relieving all these sureties from liability upon the bond. William H. Anderson, the husband and the father of the beneficiaries named It appem·s that the amount above stated was a.l.l the money colle_cte

If this is true it is speaking mildly of the claim be now makes against the of the late Norman Powers may be again placed upon the pension-roll; Government to say that it should not haYe been presented. GROVER CLEVELAND. which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. EXECUTIVE 1\IANSION, August 22, 1888. Mr. TURPIE presented a petition of the Indiana Soldiers' Monu­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Shall the bill pass, the objections of ment Committee, Department of .Indiana, Grand Army bf the Repub­ the President of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding? lic, at Indianapolis, Ind., praying that an appropriation be made to 1\Ir. SHERUAN. I ask from what committee was the bill reported? assist in the erection of a soldiers and sailors' monumen·t in Indianap­ The. PRESIDENT pro tempore. From the Committee on <...'laims. olis; which was 1·eferred to the Committee on Appropriations. Mr. SHERMAN. t move that the bill and message be referred to Mr. BUTLER presented the petition of C. 1\I. Furman and other the Committee on Claims, and printed. citizens of South Carolina and Florida, praying for the confirmation of The motion was agreed to. the title of a certain Spanish land grant to Jesse Fish, sr., of Florida; whi9h was referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims. DAVID H. LUTMAN-VETO MESSAGE. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following REPORTS OF 001\fl\IITTEES. message from the"""President of the United States; which was read: Mr. EDMUNDS. I report back from the Committee on the Judiciary To the Senate: a petition of citizens of Texas, praying for an investigation into the I return without approval Senate bill No. 2206, entitled "An act gran ing a. circumstances attending the alleged murder of a man named John F. pension to David H. Lutman." Graham at sea on the ship Comal, with a short written report stating · The beneficiary named in this bill was pensioned in 1885 on account of spinal that it appears to the committee, on an examination of the papers, that irritation, the 1·esult of measles. In 1886 he filed a. claim for increase of pension, alle2"ing rheumatism, and the there is no legislation required; that it is a matter for departmental board of examining surgeons at Cumberland, Md., upon a.n examination, found inquiry and investigation; and the committee has accordingly sent in­ no evidence of spinal irritation or rheumatism, and he was dropped from the formation to the Attorney-General upon the subject. We ask to be pension-rolls on the ground that the disability for which he was pensioned bad ceased to exist. discharged from the further consideration of the petition. He afterwards filed medical and lay t-estimony tending to show that he suf­ The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The committee will be discharged fered from disease of the back, legs, and arms, and he was thereupon and on the from the further consideration of the petition, if there be no objection, 8th day of October, 1886, again examined by the board of examining surgeons at Hagerstown, Md., who reported as follows: and it will lie on the table, and the report will be printed. "We have stripped him, and find a. splendid specimen, square built from the Mr. EDMUNDS. I venture to report in behalf of the Committee on ground up, muscles well developed, his appearance indicative of pei'fect health; the Judiciary the bill (H. R. 4239) for the relief of P. H. Winston, no curvature of spine, disease or irritation of spinal cord; no atrophy of any muscles nor evidence of weakness; no impairment of motion anywhere." which we have not considered, but which was evidently misreferred. If there is any value to be placed upon the report~ of these examining boards, A bill just like it was considered by the Committee on Claims1 and the refusal of the Pension Bureau to restore this beneficiary to the rolls was reported by that committee, and passed by the Senate. In the mean fully justified; and this is nota proper case, in my opinion, for int-erference with that determination. · time the House of Representatives passed a bill of the same character GROVER CLEVELAND. and sent it here, and by some inadvertence or want of recollection in EXECUTIVE MANSION, .August 22, 1888. regard to the former report it was sent to the Committee on the Ju­ The PRESIDENT pro te-mpore. Shall the bill pass, the objections of diciary. I therefore venture on behalf of the committee, without any the President of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding? formal order from it, to report the bill back and as~ that the com­ 1\fr. DAVIS. I move that the message, with the bill, be referred to mittee be discharged, and that the bill be sent to the Committee on the Committee on Pensions, and printed. Claims, which has already had the subject at this session under con- The motion was agreed to. sideration. · 1\fRS. MARGARET n. TODD-VETO 1\IESSAGE. The report was agreed to. Mr. STEWART, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re­ The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e laid before the Senate the following ferred the bill (S. 3438) to refund illegal internal-revenue tax collected message from the President of the United States; which was read: of the late Alexander W. Baldwin as United States district judge for To the Senate: the district of Nevada, reported itwithout amendment, and submitted I return without approval Senat-e bill No. 645, entitled "An act granting a pen­ sion to Irs. Margaret B. Todd." a report thereon. This bill does not describe the beneficiary as related to any soldier of the war, Mr. SAWYER, from the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, but from other data it is found that she is the widow of Frank G. Todd, who to whom was referred the amendment intended to be proposed by Mr. served as a. private in the One hundred and eighteenth Vohrnt.eer Infantry from .July, 1863, to May, 1864, when he was transferred to the Navy. It appears that WILSON, of Iowa, to the general deficiency appropriation bill, reported he served in the Navy from May 13, 1864, until April10, 1866. He died in .Janu- it favorably, and moved its reference to the Committee on Appropria­ - ary, 1878, from exhaustion, as stated by the physician who attended him. tions; which was agreed to. There is scarcely a particle of satisfactory evidence showing his condition from the time of his discharge to 1871, and there is almost an entire lack of MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS. proof showing a connection between his death and any incident of his service. The widow in her application to the Pension Bureau for a. pension states that Mr. VEST. I am instructed by the Committee on Commerce to re­ she has children who were born in 1870, 1871, and 1878. port favorably without amendment the bill (S. 3474) amendatory of There seems to be no record of any disability during the husband's service in an act authorizing the construction of a bridge over the Mississippi the Army, and the only mention of disability while in the Navy is an entry on the 30th of Ia.y, 1864, showing that he was admitted to treatment for "syphilis River at St. Louis, Mo., approved February 3, 1887. secondary." fti.r. President, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, I ask The widow's claim is still pending in the Pension Bureau. - the Senate to consider this bill now. I will state the whole effect of GROVER CLEVELAND. EXECUTIVE MANSIOY, August 22, 1888. the amendment. It will be remembered by Senators who took any in­ terest in the matter that some time ago we pa.ssed a bill authorizing The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Shall the bill pass, the objections of the construction of a bridge at St. Louis, Mo., which elicited considera­ the President of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding? ble debate, but finally passed unanimously through the Senate and Mr. DAVIS. I move that the bill and message be referred to the through the other House, and became a law. That bill prohibited a Committee on Pensiops, and printed. stockholder in any otherbridgecompanyon the Mississippi River, from The motion was agreed to. its head to its mouth, from owning any stock in this corporation. It NATIONAL-BANK DEPOSITS. was intended at the time honestly to prevent any idea of collusion be­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a communica­ tween this company and any other bridge company on the river. tion from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting,in response to a It is found now, when the bonds of the company are attempted to be resolution of August 15, 1888, the names of national bank~ designated negotiated, that the objection is made by capitalists that if they put as depo~itories of public money, the location thereof, the amounts de­ their money into an enterprise with that sort of a clause in the act of posited therewith, and the amount and .kind of securities pledged for incorporation, the forfeiture of the franchise would be imminent, be-­ the repayment of such deposits, August 1, 1888; which, on motion of cause the stockholders in other bridge companies might obtain stock Mr. SHERMAN, was, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com­ without the knowledge of the officers of thiscorporation, and by the mittee on Finance, and ordered to be printed. terms of the act, which is now the law, the simple iact of a stockholder SUPPRESSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. in any oLher bridge company being a stockholder in this company The PRESIDENT p1·o tempo1·e. The joint resolution (S. R. 78) ap­ would work eo i11st~.mti a forfeiture. propriating $100,000 for the prevention and extirpation of yellow fever When Isimplystatethe fact that the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy in the United States will be indefinitely postponed, if there be no ob­ Railroad Company have a bridge across the Mississippi River above St. jection, Senate joint resolution No. 102, on the same subject, having Louis which belongs to the l!Orporation, the Chicago, Burlington and been passed yesterday. Quincy Railroad, and that that corporation has ten thousand stoc.khold­ ersscattered all over the Union, it will be seen at once that no capitalist PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. would put a dollar into this enterprise if the fact that one of the Chi­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented the petition of Powell, Wen­ cago, Burlington and Quincy stockholders beingthe owner of a single igmann & Smith, cigar manufacturers, citizens of New York City, N. share of stock in this corporation would work a forfeiture of its fran­ Y., praying for the repeal of the special-stamp tax on the boxes of im­ chise. ported cigars; wbich was referred to the Committee on Finance. This amendment of the recent act simply strikes out the word Mr. SPOONER presented a petition of citizens of Fox Lake, Wis., "stoc}!:holder " and provides that a stockholder in no other corporation and vicinity, praying for the enactment of a law1wber(>by the widow shall be a director or officer. 7862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AuGUST ~ 3 ,

Mr. CULLOU. I should like to inquire-- ~ded to be proposed by them, respectively, to the gene~al deficiency The PRESID E.t~T pro tetn.pore. The Chair will first ascert.'\in whether appropriation bill; which were 1·eferred to the Committee on Appro­ there be objection to the present consideration of the bill. Is there priations, and ordered to be printed. objection? The Chair hears none, and the bill is before the Senate as KANSAS RAILROAD GRANTS. in Committee of the Whole. · Mr. PLUl\lB. I offer the following resolution, and ask for its pres· Mr. CULLOM. I should like to inquire of the Senator if the pro­ ent consideration: visions of the bill otherwise fban he bas described are such as were in Resolved, Tha.t the letter of the Secretary of the Interior of 1\In.y 15, 1888, in re­ the act recently passed. sponse to the resolution of the Senate of January 17,' 1888, together with accom­ Mr. VEST. They are exactly the same. That is the only amend­ panying letter of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, papers, and map, ment. be withdrawn from the files of the Senate, and returned to the Secretary of the Mr. EDMUNDS. I think the bill ought to be amended where the Interior. . word "bridge" occurs in the first line on the second page. It speaks I will simply state for the information of the Senate that that docu­ of the consolidation of one bridge with another. I think it is a mere ment has been printed, and it is desirable now to have it returned to clerical mistake. It should be "bridge company." the Secretary of the Interior in order that he may certify it, to be used Mr. VEST. Yes; that is right. in a suit in which the Government is the complaining party. Mr. EDMUNDS. It occurs twice. :Mr. EDMUNDS. I have looked at it. There is no objection to the The PRESIDENT ·pro tempore. The proposed amendment will be course suggested by the Senator from Kansas. stated. The resolution was considered, by unanimous consent, and agreed to. The CHIEF CLERK. In line 14, after the first word ''bridge," it is ALLEGED Til\iTIER DEPREDATIONS. proposed to insert the word "company;" and in the same line, after lli. STEWART . I offer the follo\ving resolution, and ask for its the second word "bridge," it is proposed to insert the word "com­ present consideration: pany;" so as to read: Resolved, That the Commissioner of the Genero.l Land Office be, and he is The St. Louis Merchants' Bridge Company, or its successors or assigns, shall hereby, directed to furnish the Senate without delay with copies of all reports, not agree or consent to the consolidation of this bridge com pa.ny with any other affidavits, and communications upon which he based the statements in his let~ bridge company across the Mississippi River, or to the pooling of the earnings ter to Hon. JAMES N. BURNES, of the Hou e of Representatives. dated August of this bridge company with the earnings of any other bridge company on said 18,1888, with regard to the following amendment to the sundry civil appropria­ river, etc. tion bill: "That no part of the money appropriated by this act shall be used in the in­ M.r. VEST. That is right. vestigation of any case or the prosecution of any person in the mining region The amendment was agreed to. of the United States for cutting, for mining or domestic purposes, dwarfed or Mr. EDMUNDS. I move to add as an additional section: scrubby timber unfit to be sawed or hewed into lumber of commercial value." The right to amend or repeal this a ct is hereby expressly reserved. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the present con­ That probably is not necessary, but-- sideration of the resolution? Mr. VEST. That is in the original act, and I suppose it would a:p­ Mr. VEST. Let that go over, 1\Ir. President. . ply to this enactment. The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The resolution will lie over under Mr. EDMUNDS. But I think it is safer to have it in. the rule, and be printed. l'lfr. VEST. I have not the slightest objection to it. It is the or­ 1\Ir. STEWART . Is there objection to its present consideration? dinary provision. The PRESIDENT pro tern'f)ore. There is. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment proposed by the Mr. STEWART. Then I shall ask leave to-morrow morning to call Senator from Vermont will be stated. it up and submit a few remarks explanatory thereof. The CHIEF CLERK. It is proposed to add as an additional sectio~ : Mr. EDMUNDS. It will come up to-morrow of itself. SEo. 2. The right to amend or repeal this act is hereby expressly reserved. ·Mr. STEWART. I shall submit some remarks on it to-morrow. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDENT p1·o te-rnpo1·e. The resolution will be laid before The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ the Senate to-morrow morning in its order. ments were concurred in. Mr. STEWART . That will do. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the HOUR OF MEETING. third time, and passed. The PRESIDENT pr..o tempore. The Chair lays before the Senate ESTATE OF CLINTON G. COLGATE. the resolution offered by the Senator from Vermont [Mr. EDMUNDS] Mr. STEWART, from the Committee on Claims, reported the fol­ with theamendmentproposed by the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. lowing resolution: HoAR], coming over from yesterday. Resolved, That the bill (S. 2771) entitled "A. bill for the relief of the estate of The resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. EDMUNDS was read, as Clinton G. Colgate, deceased, late of the city of New York," now pending in the follows: Senate, together with aU the accompanying papers, be, and the same is hereby, Resolved, That hereafter, and until otherwise ordered, the daily ses11ions of referred to tbe Court of Claims, in pursuance of the provisions of the acts en­ the Senate shall commence at 12 o'clock meridian. titled "An act to afford assistance and relief to Congress and the Executive De­ partments in the investigation of claims and demands against the Govern· The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be read. ment," approved March 3, 1883, and "An act to provide for the bringing of suits The CHIEF CLERK. The amendment is to add to the resolution: against the Government of the United States," approved March 3, 1887. And the said court shall proceed with the same in accordance with the provisions of Unless a. majority of Senators present when the Senate shall adjourn shall said acts, and report to the Senate in _accordance therewith. . vote to adjourn to another hour. · The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is upon agreeing to the amendment. BILLS INTRODUCED. Mr. COCKRELL. Let the resolution be read as it will be if the Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 3479) granting a pension to amendment is agreed to. Sarah J . Powers; which was :read twice by its title, and referred to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be read as pro- the Committee on Pensions. posed to be amended. · Mr. JONES, of Arkan as, introduced a bill (S. 3480) granting a pen­ The Chief Clerk read as follows: sion to Henry Mitchell Youngblood; which was read twice by its title, Resolved, That hereafter, and until otherwise ordered, the daily sessions of and referred to the Committee on Pensions. the Senate shall commence at 12 o'clock meridian, unless a majority of Senators He also introduced a bill (S. 3481) authorizing and directing the present when the Senate shall adjourn shall vote to adjourn to another hour. Secretary of the Interior to examine certain claims of persons who The PR;ESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the owned or occupied buildings on the Hot Springs Mountain Reserva­ amendm~nt proposed by the Senator from 1\Iassachusetts. tion, which had been condemned by the Hot Springs Commission and The amendment was agreed to. afterwards burned, and to fix a reasonable value for eaeh of said build­ The resolution as amended was agreed to. ings from the evidence now on file in the Interior Department; which EFFECT OF IRRIGATION O.N LOWER V .ALLEYS. was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Public 1\Ir. 1\IANDERSON. I ask the unanimous consent of the Senate that -' Lands. it consider the bill (S. 3276) granting restoration of pension to Sarah Mr. TELLER introduced a bill (S. 3482) to enable parties to con­ A. Woodbridge, which was reported by the Senator from Indiana [Mr. struct, maintain, and operate a wagon-road to the top of Pike's Peak, TURPIE] yesterday. in the State of Colorado; which was read twice by itB title, and referred The PRESIDENT pro temp01·e. There is further morning business. to the Committee on Military Affairs. 1\Ir. MANDERSON. I will delay, then, until that is disposed of. Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 3483) for the relief of David R. The PREsiDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Senate a Gregg and William P. Gregg; which was read twice by-its title, andre­ resolution presented on a previous day by the Senator from KansaB ferred to the Committee on Public Lands. [M.r. PLUMB] . · / Mr. SHERMAN introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 106) for the dis- The Chief Clerk rea.d the 1·esolution submitted by :Ur. PLUMB An­ tribution of the award in favor of the La A.bra Company; which was gust 21, 1888, as follows: read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Re~ Resolved, That the Secretary of the Interior be directed to inquire and report lations. to the Senate at its next se ion the extent to which the diversion of the waters Al\IEND:\IlTh'"TS TO BILLS. of the Platte and· Arkansas Rivers and their tributaries in Colorado, for irriga­ tion or other purposes, affects the flow of the water of those streams in the lower Mr. CHANDLER and Mr. EVARTS submitted amendments in- valleys, and especially during the growing season; and whether th-e title con- 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7863

veyed by the Government to lands fronting on said streams covers the pri~­ 1t is an accurate representation of his features and a noble expression lege of diverting 'Water therefrom beyond that necessary for use thereon for Ir­ ~~~~~ rigation and mining purposes, and tQ report what action is needed to protect . the rights of riparian owners along the course of said streams in the States of Garibaldi wa,s born in very humble circumstances. A nati~e of Nice, Kansas and Nebraska. the son of a sailor, and the grandson of a sailor, he was brought up to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the the sea in the ordinary capacity of a sailor before the mast. Nor had resolution. he any great associations, either in respect of t:dncation or of kinship; 1\fr. TELLER. What committee does the resolution propose shall and from the beginning, until he opened into an illustrious path of the investigate the question? I did not understand it. glory of his country and of himself~ his lot was cast in the most ordi- 1\fr. PLUMB. It is a call on the Secretary of the Interior for infor- nary condition of life. , mation. But this great good fortune happened to him. In early life be was The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The resolution will be again read. thrown into companionship with some of those burning spirits among - The resolution was read. the students of Italy, whose names afterwards became famous as pa­ Mr. TELLER. Has that just been offered? triots, and his native genius drank in from these cultivated minds all The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It was offered by t,he Senator from the inspiration that bad moved their hearts and inflamed their hopes. Kansas [M.r. PLUMB] on a previous day. It is a notable thing of Garibaldi that, without education and with­ Mr. TELLER. I should like to look at it. It is a most remarkable out other than the casual associations that I have mentioned, there proposition. I think that it needs some amendment. I am not vre­ grew up in him a spirit of wide investigation, a thorough appreciation pared to move an amendment in ·haste, now. · of and a deep reverence for the great glory of Rome as transmitted. from Mr. PLUMB. I will consent that the resolution shall go over until ancient times. His spirit, too, was lighted, as by a torch, with an in­ to-morrow without action. · extinguishable hate to tyranny in every form. But with this deep rev­ 'The PRESIDENT 121·o tempore. The resolution will lie over until erence for ancient Rome he also nursed and cherished a d.ear love for to-morrow. Italy as it lay before him, dismembered and bound by tyranny. ORDER OF BUSINESS. As early as 1834 he had become so enlisted and so ardent and cour­ Mr. UANDERSON. I will renew my request for unanimous con­ ageous that rather a fantastic desire than a formed hope for the lib­ sent for the consideration of Senate bill 3276 at the conclusion of the erty of Italy first brought him to public notice. He by good fortune remarks o(the Senator from New York [lli. EVARTS], who I under- escaped from Genoa in disguise, to avoid arrest, and a few days after­ stand desires to proceed this morning. . wa,rds he saw for the first trme his name in a newspaper, and that name The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there further morning business? was coupled with a sentence of death. . Mr. l\,IlTCHELL. I offered a resolution yesterday relating to dis­ Garibaldi pursued this ordinary tenor of life, his wandering fortunes, turbances in Corea, which on my own motion was laid over until to­ always honest and laborious, planning for nothing but for an oppor­ day. It would naturally come up in regular order this morning. I tunity to arrive when he could play his part in securing the unity of desire to detain the Senate about fifteen minutes when it does come· Italy. We find him, after 1840, for some years fighting in South . up. If my friend from New York [Mr. EVARTS] desires to go on with .America in behalf of Montevideo against the oppressions of a neighbor­ his speech I shall not call it up at this time, but I shall reserve the ing nation. right to call it up at some convenient time during the day with the One would not expect to find in this experience much of a school permission of the Senate. (for he was, through these years, afloat or on land as might be, in the The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. If there be no further morning busi­ lead of any force that would follow him) for the great scenes that were - ness the Calendar, under Rule VIII, is in order, and the first bill on to await him in Europe. Nevertheless the same great powers of mind1 the Calendar will be stated. of authority, of predominant impetuosity and courage, his readiness to The CHIEF CLERK. Order of Business 1944, a bill (S. 320) for the try conclusions against tyranny and oppression at whatever odds, found relief of John D. Adams. here a preparation of spirit and of discipline better than any schools BUST OF GARIBALDI. of military science or tactics could give him. He was back in Italy at the period in 1848-' 49 when all Europe was Mr. EVARTS. I ask that now may be taken up the resolution of pervaded with. a spirit of revolution, and be bore a part, with the great the Senate which was reported from the Joint Library Committee and laid on the table, accompa.nied by a notice on my part that when it was triumvirs of whom 1\Iazzini was the chief, in that short-lived effort of founding a Roman republic. taken up I would ask 1eave tp accompany it with some observations. That failing, Garibaldi became for two years a resident of New York The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The resolution will be read. or its vicinity, where he became well known to our citizens, and his The Chief Clerk read the resolution reported from the Committee on marked character, although not then distinguished by great achieve­ the Library August 17, 1888, as follows: . ments, encouraged in the knowledge and expectations of those about Whereas the Italians, residents of the city of Washington and citizens of the , United States, have, through the president of the Society for a. Monument to Gar­ him the hope that he would have great things to do for Italy. ibaldi, presented to the United States a.1if~-size marble bust of that great patriot Although Garibaldi was turning everything in his mind and in his and distinguished representative citizen of Italy, Guiseppe Garibaldi; and action towards the great consummations which he aimed at, it was not 'Vhereas the Joint Committee on the Library have, under authority of the statute (Revised Statutes section 1831), accepted the same for and in behalf of the until1859 that there came the first opportunity of opening that brill­ United States: Therefore, iant career of arms that dazzled the world. Resolved, That the Senate of the United States expresses its sense of the pa­ As general-in-chief of the volunteers he took part in the war between triotism and liberality which prompted this noble gift from these adopted citi­ zens of Italian birth, and extends to them, the countrymen of the great cham­ France and Italy allied and the 4.ustrian EmpiJ.:e. That war ended pion of Italian liberty, the asSltrance of the admiration of the people of this with the peace of Villa-franca, and, practically, with the annexation of land for his noble life and distinguished deeds. Lombardy to Piedmont under Victor Emanuel. This constituted the Mr. EV A.RTS. Ur. President, the Joint Committee on the Library first stage of Italian unity and independence. bas authority by law to accept in behalf of Congress any gift that may These preparations, these movements, and first steps towards unity be made of works of art and to take order for their disposition and ·and strength among the divided provinces or kingdoms of Italy had, in display in the Capitol. In pursuance of that authority the committee 1860, reached a point where Garibaldi found that be could strike a de­ accepted in behalf of Congress this gift of the Ital:ian patriotic citizens cisive blow, and he .descended upon the island of Sicily with only a who have presented to the Government this noble work of art and this thousand soldiers. TheKingdomofNaples, under King Bom_Qa, as he fitting monument to the great character and the great fame of Gari­ is generally called in history, had thirty thousand troops on the island, baldi. and it was well fortified throughout. The death of Garibaldi occurred in 1882, when he was, I think, in By ingenious strategy, Garibaldi, after effecting a landing, threw him­ his seventy-fifth year. Very soon after that a body of Italian citizens self, with his thousand men, into Palermo, and there, raising the pop­ of the United States, residents here, formed a society for the purpose ulation to follow his :flag, he encountered the 20,000 troops of the King · of making some permanent commemoration of their great admiration in that city, and fought them through every street, and hand to hand, of Garibaldi and of their great respect and affection for the United till Palermo was under the control of Garibaldi and the 20,000 royal States, their adopted home. . troops expelled from it. In less than three months he overran the Under the lead of an eminent physician and a public-spirited citi- whole island, meeting at every point and beating such rallies as the 2en of this city, Dr. Verdi, this organization proceeded to procure the King's forces could make, until Garibaldi was the master of all of Sicily, execution of a work of art which should be an illustration, as well, of and the royal troops were driven from it. · · the genius in the art of the sculptor that their country is so prolific in. . Victor Emanuel at this point, under some complication of diplomacy, An eminent artist, Giuseppe Martegani, bas produced as fine a work sent an order to Garibaldi to be satisfied with this acquisition, and not as could be offered from any sculptor, and of as beautiful a specimen attempt the Kingdom of Naples. Garibaldi sent back to the King a of the fainous marble of Italy as could be selected from all its quarries. message, "You know how much I love you, but your order comes too The committee have taken order, on the receipt of this completed late; Italy must be free." Crossing the Straits of Messina be entered bust, that it should be placed on a suitable pedestal, which accom­ Naples alone, the population carrying him in triumph, the King and panied the gift, in the principal corridor of the Senate galleries, over his troops :flying in panic from the city. Here for the first time a name th~ main entrance to the Senate-bouse on the eastern front. There, was given to Garibaldi by his grateful fellow-citizens that bas never undoubtedly, many of the Senators have examined this beautiful work, ceased to be a part of his fame. "Liberator"-" Liberator of Italy " ­ and those who have had any opportunity to compare it with the de­ hailed him as he entered thecitv of Naples. scriptions of this famous general and patriot, will have perceived that But, 1\Ir. President, the king did not surrender, and with 50,000 7864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 23,

troops made a stand at a point of resistance of his own choice in the He was chosen by the French in three departments a member of the open plain, and defied the approach of Garibaldi with his troops of only Assembly of the Republic, but finding the scene uncongenial, he re­ 20,000 men, at Volturno. With these new levies, new soldiers, but signed and returned to Italy. At one time after his first triumphs for lovers of freedom and of Italy, through a stubborn fight Jastingawhole Italy he was chosen a member of the first Italian Parliament before the day, before sunset Garibaldi and his 20,000 followers routed the 50,000 unity of all Italy had been accomplished. He went there, it is said troops of the king. King Bomba retired from his kingdom and never only for the purpose of reproaching Cavour that he had surrennered returned. In a few days after this final triumph Garibaldi met the Nice to France, and immediately resigned and returned to Caprera. king, Victor Emanuel, who would have stayed his hand, and took off Hard fate for Garibaldi, born in Nice, that in the accomplished unity his cap to him, with this simple salutation: "The Kingdom of Naples of Italy his own birthplace should be alienated to France! is yours.'' From 1 70 to 1882, when his death occurred, his health and his Mr. President, we can all feel, I think, that there never was in a strength much broken, he passed his time in honorable occupations and career of arms or in a triumph of a great cause a career or triumph efforts, but without any public rewards or desire for rewards. that more completely turned on one man. It may be conceded that In 1882 he was chosen to the Parliament of Italy, but his health without Garibaldi these things would not have happened, and with wholly gave way and be retired to Caprem to die. Garibaldi and all who aided him these were great things to accomplish, Mr. President, when all modern nations h ave looked back to ancient either by himself or with his followers. Garibaldi refused every honor Rome, ita long history, its crGwd of geniuses, of heroes, of patriots it and every emolument, retired to Caprera, his little island home, off would seem not likely in the renovation of Italy there should be fotind the coast of Sardinia, but 3 miles wide and 5 miles long. This place a name that should be added to that list and lose thereby no luster. that he greatly loved he has made illustrious. Never for one moment, Heroes, statesmen, lawyers, wise men, philosophers, and poets make from the first step he made toward public action, public fame, public out the long roll of ancient Roman glory. But, after all, though these achievements, did he desire or accept any honors or emoluments for for history and for scholars, may make up the illustrious groups, fo~ his great deeds for Italy. universal human nature there mu t be found, if the names are to live Here for two years he meditated how he could compass the conquest in the hearts and be ever on the lips of the human race, some ''touch of the Roman States, for vrithout that acquisition Italy was not and of nature that makes the whole world kin." The name of Lucretia could not be united. The time, however, had not arrived, as was sup­ whose outraged virtue could bear no lighter expiation than her ow~ posed, when the Kingdom of Italy, so far as it had been consolidated, life taken by her own band, and whose blood, tbns spilt, could brook could attempt a solution of this great problem of the Roman States. no lesser vengeance than that the whole name and lineage and race While in his little home of Caprera the frigates of Victor Emanuel and brood and breed of tyrant kings should be forever driven from the watched its shores to prevent his reaching the mainland. But Gari­ polity of Rome and a republic founded; of Cornelia, whose bright ex­ baldi escaped and undertook, then obviously prematurely, an attack ample of the fame and frame of Roman matronhootl, throws into in­ upon Rome. At Aspromonte he was met by King Victor Emanuel's significance the pomps and attires and decorations of women; whose army, an army that he could not contend with either in strength or in jewels of the Graccbi stand out to all the world as the glory of woman, the affections of his heart; but to him it was a bitter disappointment as the mother of sons; of Horatius, who set his own strength and his that he should thus be turned away from his purpose and checked in own life against the tide of war ~t the bridge to hold it back long his own advancing glory for Italy by the king and the kingdom which enough to cover the safety of the city; of Regulus, the monument of he had so much exalted. Roman faith, the hostage sent by Carthage tO give advice to Rome In 1863 Garibaldi by invitation visited England. His fame was great. concerning peace, and his promise to return if peace did not follow, The enthusiasm of the people of England for him was unbounded. It who advised the Senate, for the glory and the interest of Rome, to make lit such a flame that the Government of that sedate kingdom found no peace with Carthage, and returned to Carthage to torture and to il:..<~elf in an awkward predicament towards this guest; but at length it death-these names and such as these are names to be remembered by was politely intimated to Garibaldi that be should not prolong his stay. the world. These are the names of power, of fame; the names to con­ It was my fortune, Ur. President, to be in England at that time, and jure with; and Garibaldi's name, Garibaldi's inextinguishable name, my delight there to make the personal acquaintance of Garibaldi. shall be a name to conjure with, for liberty and love of country, so I assure you that, with this remarkable career behind him, yet to be long as and wherever those great sentiments shall warm the human followed to more brilliant results, with this unbounded enthusiasm that breast. [Applause.] ... agitated England in all quarters, in all circles of the great and of the The PRESIDENT p1·o tempore. The question is on agreeing to the common mass, Garibaldi's appearance, dress, attitude, conversation was preamble and resolution proposed by. the Senator from New York. as simple !l.S you would conceive it to have been and as it was in which The preamble and resolution were agreed to unanimously. he appeared on the deck of one of his own South American corsairs or SARAH A. WOODBRIDGE.• among the first thousand men which be threw into Palermo. In 1866 the war broke out between Prussia and Italy against Austria, Ur. CHANDLER. Mr. President- and Ga.ribaldi was put in command of 50,000 troops to invade Austria JI.Ir. MANDERSON. I ask the Senator from New Hampshire to and wrest from that great power the Tyrol provinces, which properly give way to me for a moment. belonged, as Garibaldi and the Italians thought, to Italy. He carried Mr. CHANDLER. 'Certainly. everything before him, penetrating rapidly into the very heart of the Mr. MANDEHSON. I ask the consent of the Senate that it may country that he was to occupy and subdue. But, alas, again his own consider a pension bill, which is the only remaining one upon the Cal­ government stayed his hands; but then upon the very n~cessary and endar. It is Order of Business 2161. proper situation that by the loss of the battle of Sadowa and the armis­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator fro~ Nebraska asks tice that followed, the war with Austria was at an end. But this was unanimous consent that the p~nding business may be informally laid a bitter disappointment to Garibaldi, for acquisition, restoration, of aside, that he may move the consideration of a bill the title of which what belonged to Italy was the darling passion of his heroism and of will bestated. his states,mansbip; and thus, when these provinces were in his grasp, The CHIEF CLERK. A bill (S. 3276) granting restoration of pension to retire by the martial situations that had been produced elsewhere to Sarah A. Woodbridge. was a great disappointment to him. · Mr. MANDERSON. Before the bill shall be r ead I simply desire In 1867 Garibaldi, still acting on his ownmovementsandon his own to state that this bill was introduced by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. res~arces of volunteer followers, undertook an attack upon Rome and SHERMAN] and bas been reported by the Senator from Indiana [Mr. wa carried almost to the gates of Rome. But at Mentana be was met TuRPIE], who is a member of the Committee on Pensions. I urge the by the French army, which was then protecting the Roman states and consideration of this last remaining pension bill upon the Calendar, Rome in the interest of the engagements which France had made, and although not introduced or reported by me, for the reason that there­ it was impossible for him to proceed further. His time was not long cipient of this proposed pension is the mother of the adjutant of my delayed. In 1870 war ca·ne up between France and Prussia, and all regiment, who was killed at the battle of New Hope Church. This the resourcesoftheFrench were needed to cope with thegreat adversary aged woman lost her husband and two sons during the war of the re­ that was waging that terrible war. bellion. She was the recipient of a pension as a widow, and some ten Then Italy by its King and by its troops entered Rome and Italy was or fifteen years ago married a6ain, which occasioned the loss of her pen­ united. But Garibaldi was not ready to relinquish his career of arms sion. She married a Dr. Woodbridge, who is now a man of eighty for liberty against strong power, though he had thus triumphed for his years of age, nearly blind, without property, utterly unable to support own country and for himself. He offered his services to the French her, and in fact he bas virtually abandoned her for the last five years. Republic to carry on the war against Prussia, and there he won battle Mrs. Woodbridge, who was Mrs. Brewer, is now nearly eighty years after battle with great prowess and great distinction. He had the of age, and I hope there will be no opposition to the present consider­ singular honor, it is said, of taking the only battle trophy taken by the ation and passage of the bill. French from the Prnsaians thronQ:bout that war. It was a terrible By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the "'nole, battle at Dijon for that flag, and it was lost and won, back and forth, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to re tore to the pension­ over heap!'! of corpses, but Garibaldi carried it off and kept it for roll the name of Sarah A. \Voodbridge, widow of Anson L. Brewer, . France. The phrase went in France, as the war went against them, major and paymaster United States Army, her pension having been that if there had been more Garibaldis there would have been more suspended by reason of her remarriage. victories for France. Mr. HARRIS. Is there a. report in that case? 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7865

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The report will be read, if the Sen­ promised that they will give attention to theseproceedingswith which ator desires. they affect not to be familiar, and at some time to tell the Senate and The Chief Clerk read the following report, submitted by :Mr. TUR:J;'IE the country their opinion of those ontra~es; and they have also, at August 22, 1888: least one Senator has promised the Senate, rashly I think, that he will The Committee on Pensioru, to whom was referred the bill (3. 8276) granting show that such occurrences are common in the North-- a pension to Sarah A. Woodbridge, widow of .Anson L. Brewer, late major and 1\Ir. COKE. Does the Senator allude to me in that remark? paymaster in United States .Army, have examined the same, and report: '£he object of this bill is to restore the "claimant to the pension-roll. She was Mr. CHANDLER. I . had the honor to allude to the distinguished ormcrly a pensioner of the United States on account of the death of her hus­ Senator. band a hove named, who lost his life in a steam-boat explosion on the ~lississippi Mr. COKE. Theu the Senator nas entirely misunderstood my re­ the 3d of March, 1866, while traveling in the line of his duty as paymaster. Her son, Robert F. Brewer, wns killed at the same time while in the line of duty in marks on that subject. the same service. Another son, Capt. Charles Brewer, was killed in battle at 1\Ir. CHANDLER. The 1·emarks are of record. Dalla~. Ga., on the 28th day of March, 1864. Mr. COKE. I did not say that I would show that occurrences of that Shortly after the war the claimant r emarried one Dr. Timothy Woodbridge, whereupon her pension ceased. This case wns once before con idered by this character were common inNorthern and Eastern States. I said nothing commiltee and was reported adver.sely, upon the ~:ound that the facts alleged of that sort. I did say that I would show that frauds upon the elective in support of her restoration to the pension-roll were not verified. The report franchise, upon the right of suffrage, and intimidation upon those whe> was adopted by the Senate, and the bill indefinitely postponed July !!4,1888, but since that time the claimant has filed for the consideration of said committee a were entitled to it, were much more common in the Northern and East­ new application and new evidence, all verified under oath, slating the facts of ern States than force was in the South. her present condition. Mr. CHANDLER. The Senator's statement is of record. If he pro­ The action of the Senate above spoken of bas been reconsidered and the bill has been again referred to this committee. poses to make Democratic frauds in the North an offset to Democratic From the affidavits of J. H. 'Vallace and Thomas W. Sanderson, as well as political murders of negroes in the South, I shall find no fault. from her own sworn af>plication, it appears that the second husband of the claim­ But the diversion led me to omit some portion of the statement which ant, the said Dr. 'Voodbridge, is about seventy-eight years old, quite infirm, and almost blind, has no means of supporting his said wife, the claimant, and bas I desired to make in reference to the parish of Iberia, Louisiana, and I contributed nothing toward her support for the last four years, and has, in filet, desire now to read a statement from a Louisiana Republican, whose name abandoned her. I The claimant her3elf is quite old and infirm; for the last two years she bas withhold at present, but which I will give, with his permission, to the been unable to do anything toward her own support and maintenance, is con­ committee if an investigation is ordered. He writes me as follows: sequently dependent to some extent upon the aid of others. IBERIA PARISH. Her condition is not likely to improve, rather apt to become worse. Her in­ The telegraphic news from Washington this morning is that you will call up come from her little property inherited from her mother is not sufficient to af­ yom· resolution next Wednesday relative to the late election here. In this con­ ford her a maintenance. nection I desire to state that, if possible, in referring to the author of any of the The committee, therefore, under these circumstances, recommend her restora­ facts fu1·nished not to mention my name; not that everything sent you by me is tion to the roll and the passage of the bill herewith reported for that purpose. not the truth and to prove which I guaranty, but ll1e fact is I am a colored man :M:r. HARRIS. Unless the Senate is prepared to liberalize the prin­ and affairs are so "ticklish" here that in the event of your resolution failing to ciples of the general pension Jaws so as to allow the dependent widows pass they might work themselves up into a. spirit that would force me to leave the State or else kill me. If there olution passes I care not for them, as the in­ of deceased soldiers in all cases to continue their pensions after remar­ vestigation and its results upon the Presidential election will hold them in check. riage, I think this is n. very dangerous precedent to be set in a special In the event of the failure to elect Harrison and Aorton I shall have to leave, bill; and for that reason, and that reason only, I shall record my vote and that pretty quick afterward. Bat to the Republicans in this neck of the woods it looks as if the loyal North would oust the free-trade Democratic-Con­ against.the passage of this bill. federate .Administration from power. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The correspondent also says: I mail you this day copy of the Picayune and Messenger, both marked. l\1ESSAGE FRO:ll THE H01ISE. The articles to which your attention is called refer to the killing of negroes in A me.55age from the House of Representatives, by Mr. CLARK, its Iberia and other parishes of the Third Congressional district, now represented by l\Ir. GAY. Clerk, announced that the House had passed the following bills: There seems t.o be a preconcerted plan on the part of the Democrats to so de­ A. bill (S. 3226) granting the Leavenworth Rapid Transit Railway moralize and terrorize the Republican vote of the district that in the election Company the right to construct and operate its railroad through a por­ this fall the Democrats may again carry it. The district is Republican by a majority of 7,000, and would surely elect a. Republican to Congress if bulldozing tion of the military reserYation at Fort Leavenworth, Kans.; and and other methods were not resorted to by the Democrats. In Lafourche, St. A bill (S. 1880) declaring that certain water-reserve lands in the Mary, and .Assumption Parishes the killing of negroes is a weekly 09cmrence. State of Wisconsin are and have been subject to the provisions of the In St. Martin Parish the colored justices of the peace and constables, as well as three colored m embers of the town council of St. l\IIartinsville, were forced to - act of Congress entitled "An ac.t granting to railroads the right of resign. T he only charge against them is that they are Republicans. Besides way through the public lands of the United States," approved March the office-holders who were forced to resign, a number of colored Republicans 3, 187E. have been made to leave the parish. The message also returned to the Senate, in compliance with its re­ In this way another vote is to be made in the Hou e of Representa­ quest, the bill (H. R. 4792) to pension J. W. Porter. tives in favor of a high tariff duty on sugar, but for the destruction of Th~ message furthe1· announced that the House had non-concurred all the other protected industries of the country except perhaps rice. in the amendments of the Senate to the bill {H. R. 1604) to change the The correspondent says: time of the sessions of the circuit court of the western division of the Iberia Parish is noted for the so-called up; isings of the negroes. At every western district of l\Iissouri, agreed to the conference asked by the Sen­ recurring election the daily press here abound with long articles, especially con­ cocted. about the threatened danger to the whites by the negroes of Iberia Par­ ate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and bad ap­ i h. The facts in the case are simply these: In Iberia Parish there are over pointed Mr. Cl LBERSOY, Ur. ROGERS, and Mr. CASWELL · managers 800 white Republicans, and they togelberwith the black Republicans make the of the conference on the part of the House. parish Republican by some 500 or 600. To do away with this majority the Democrats generally stufi"tbe ballot-boxes or murder the voters. In the April The message also announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R. election they did the former; in the contest now coming on they are doing the 30GO) granting ri~ht of way to the Pima Land and Water Company latter. • across Fort Lowell military reservation, in Arizona, and for other pur­ To show you the extent of their iritoleraotspiritl refer you to a letter written by Mr. W. B. Merchant to Senator SHERMAN, under date of April24, 1888. poses, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. l\11-. .Merchant r esided in New Iberia Parish for a number of years, is au ex­ The message further announced that the House had concurred in the Confederate soldier, a. man of pluck and brains. He committed a. crime in the amendments of the Senate to the following bills: eyes of the white people when he became a Republican. Under President Ar­ thur he was postmaster of New Orleans, and in the State election in .April last A bill {H. R.165) forthereliefofH. C. Markham; was a candidate for State senator from the Eleventh senatorial district, com­ A bill (H. H. 6371) granting·a pension to Jesse M. Stilwell; · posed of Iberia, Lafayette, and St. Martin Parishes. In Iberia Parish !r. Mer­ A bill (H. R. 7013) to place the name of Delia Newman on pension­ chant considered that he had been cheated out of his vote and talked of making a contest. The Democrats bearing of this became nervous, went to the court­ roll; and house, abstracted tbeelection returns from theclerk'softice,andCa.ptain Pharr, A bill (H. R. 8037) for the relief of Thomas Strodder. of the Slate militia., backed by a small mob, waited upon l\1r. Merchant and or­ THE LOUISIANA ELECTION. dered him to leave. l\Ir. Merchant has since left the State, and is now located at E l P aso, Tex., engaged in the law and banking business. l\Ir. CHANDLER. I move to postpone the consideration of the Cal­ endar and take up the resolution in regard to the Louisiana election I also have in my hand the petition of Frederick Veasy addressed t

' · 7866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 23,

ticularly the participation therein of Mr. Tobia.s Gibson, a J>rother of until a band of sixteen Democrats, armed with Winchester rifles, arrived at his poll, as they did a few minutes after he took to the woods. Mr. Patty is a the Senator from Louisiana. · practicing lawyer, having the most of his business before the nineteenthjndicial NEW ORLEANS, .Apri' 2~, 1~. district court, composed of the parishes of St.l\Iary and Terre Bonne. In Terre SIB.: On Friday morning between the hours of 1 and 2 o'clock I was awak­ Bonne he has remained most of the time since the e~ection, but a band of Demo- · ened by hearing some one calling at my gate. I did not answer but quietly erats have waited upon him and told him that his presence before the court was iumped out of bed and weut to the window, peeped through the blinds to ee not to their liking, and also forbi.dding him to practice. The only thing that who was calling me. I knew it was M.r. Tobias Gibson, the brother of Senator the judge has done is to say that" he sympathizes with Patty." R.umALL GIBSoN, but to be sure it was him calling me I got up on a chair in my house and peeped through the blinds, as I always keep the upper blind open, The ·weekly Pelican, of New Orleans, of Saturday, July 28, 1888, and in looking through the opening I saw and recognized 1\Ir. Gibson, and I am states the Patty case thus: sure that it was him who was calling me. He called me for at least fifteen min­ utes, but I did not answer. I also recognized Mr. Millard Thomas, the Demo­ THE PATTY CASE. cratic candidate for the house of representatives, and Mr. . John R. Grinnnge, Bon. J. F. Patty has been ordered to leave Houma.-Morgan City Free Press. also a Democratic candidate for the house of representatives at the election held Patty has not been ordered to leave Hou:m.a. He has been notified tha.t his April17, 1888, and several others that I well knew. There was about fifteen or presence as a practicing attorney before the district court is objectionable. It twenty other persons that I did not know. seems that the same rule prevails in St. Mary.-Houma Courier; After failing to answer Mr. Gibson he said: "Johnson, if you do not come out, I For cool cheek this comment of the Courier beats all bobtail. Here in plain will come in and get you.". He then ordered his men to open fire on my house English it states that Pat~is objectionable to the court. And why is he ob­ and kill everybody therein; they fired about thirty or forty shots with their jectionable? Is it because of any offense, any ungentlemanly act, or is be ob­ Winchester rifles. I returned the fire from inside for the purpose of keeping jectionable simply because he opposed the present judge's candidature? The them from breaking the door and taking me out. They t.hen began firing again latter would seem to be the case. In any event an outrage has been commit­ and fired about as many shots as before or more; they failed to hit me, as I was ted upon 1\Ir. Patty that is a burning disgra.ce and shame not only to the people between the armoir and the wall. In my house was my family, composed of of the nineteenth judicial district but likewise to all the citizens of Louisiana. my wife and two boys, also three other women ; they would have been killed The simple reason for the non-permitting of him to practice his profession is be­ only for my coolness and presence of mind in getting them to lay flat on the cause he is a Republican, and a stalwart one at that. floor. I do not think they wonld have left as quick as they did, but I suppose The Democra.tic party of Louisiana must learn to respect the opinions and they thought that they had killed everybody in the house; but Providence let ideas of its political opponent ; it must give to every man the right of political it so happen that no one was killed. freedom; it mnst shelve its before-the-war sentiments if it wot1ld see prosperity I infer that the cause of the trouble was my action in the late canvass. The within the borders of the State. Until it does so it will find the Republican Republicans met in convention at Morgan City, La., and indorsed the nomination party antagonistic to its interests, be they material or political, and the uncalled­ of Judge B. F. Winchester for judgeofthenineteenthjudicial district, comprising for and unjust treatment of Mr. Patty but makes the party more determined the parishes of St. Mary's and Terre Bonne. 'Ve made this indorsement by the than ever to see that political freedom and political honesty are respected in the .- request of one wing of the Democratic party of Terre Bonne. A day after the in­ Pelican State• dorsement was made the Democratic executive committee of the parish of Terre MADISON PAIUBH. Bonne also nominated Judge Winchester. They then met the following night in the Firemen's Hall, in the town of Houma, in a. meeting numbering 150 or In Madison Parish 3,530 votes were returned for Nicholls and none 200, all Democrats. No Republican was admitted. The meeting was called to for Warmoth; 279white voters in the parish, 3,081 colored voters. Not order by Mr. Thomas L. 'Vinder, chairman of the De;:nocratic campaign com­ a \Ote was l'eturned for the Republican ticket. Ron. Frank Uorey, .mittee, who used the following language inhisspeech: "For twenty-five years this parish has been held in bondage by the Republican party with a negro ma­ cn.ndidate for the Legislature, well and most favombly known here as jority; by the eternal God we shall deliver ourselves from the bondage of the a former member of the House, saw the casting of 220 Republican negro and the Republican party. This is a. white man's government, and this parish shall be placed in the column of the other Democratic parishes, regard­ votes at Omega: yet not one was returned or allowed for Warmoth or lessofthecostand what maybe thepenalty,ifittakes blood to do it." Speeches for any of the local candidates except Democrats. as Yiolent were made by the other speakers. W. W. Johnson and Governor Hawkins, two colored men, had been These speeches alarmed the colored people much. Knowing that they have members of the State house of representatives elected four years be­ a majority of at least600 votes in TerreBonne Parish, the leaders of the Republi­ can party made an appeal to the planters and stated that if they would give them fore on a combination ticket; they had voted for Mr. EuSTIS for Sena­ the protection of life and safety of the ballot and a fair count they would support tor, and had participated in the Senatorial caucus which by one major­ the candidate of their choice for judge. They pledged themselves- to do that, ity nominated EusTis over Jon as; were going to run again on a com bina­ and they did so; they asked of the Republican sheriff to appoint a planter as a. deputy sheriff at each poll. The sheriff did so. There was no trouble all the tion ticket with independent Democrats composed largely of the then day of election because of the presence of each planter (deputy sheriff) with a present incumbents, Capt. H. B. Holmes included, for sheriff, who will \Vinchester rifle on his shoulder. By that means we succeeded in electing the be spoken of later. This independent movement was broken up, and Republican State ticket and all the Republican parish officers, and Judge Allen, whom the Republican leaders promised to support. Being unable to carry out J obnson and Hawkins were compelled to _leave their homes in Madison their threats and plans before the election, they sought revenge after the election Parish three weeks before election; and instead of their being elected by c:ill.ing one man from his house and putting. thirty bullets through him. J. G. Hawks was elected or returned elected to the Legislature, and After killing one man they came to my house to kill me also, but I was not fool enough to go to the door and be led out by them. we shall see where we find Mr. Hawks when we consider the next let­ This man Tobias Gibson was the captain and leader of the mob. He said he ter which I shall put into the case, as illustrating the impossibility pf wanted to have the two Democratic members of the house of representatives obtaining any justice or any redress of any of the outrages which I am elected in order to secure those two votes for his brother as United States Sen- ~~ I narrating either by proceedings in the courts or blilfore the Legislature This man Gibson was a candidate on the Democratic ticket for district attor- of Loui iana. I a.sk the Secretary to read this. The Chief Clerk read as follows: n?~as compelled to leave my home in Terre Bonne Parish to save my life; NEW ORLEANS, LA., June 13, 1888. also a large number of Republicans were compelled to lea'i~, and are now refu­ gees in your city. HoNORED SIR: I noticed by the special correspondence from Washington, Respectfully, yours, etc., which appeared in New Orleans Times-Democrat of the 12th instant, that the credentials of R. L. GIBSON, as United States Senator from this State. were or­ R. B. JOHNSON. dered by the Senate to lie over until the presence of the chairman committee 1\Iaj. ANDREW H1mo, ~·• City. on contested election. I am one of three contestants claiming to have been I have also the original statement of Butler Adams, dated at New elected to the house of representatives of this State, contesting, together with Messrs. 0. B. Wilson and Joseph Farbacker, the seats of Messrs. J. C. Gilmore, Orleans, July 13, 1888, a copy of which I give: Will I. O'Donnall, and w·. J. Grady, Democrats, each of whom voted in the NEW ORLEANS, July 13, 1888. Democratic caucus and in the joint assembly for both GmsoN and White. These same seats, excepting J. C. Gilmore, was contested also by the Democratic can­ While living in Houma, Terre Bonne Parish, my former home, during the didates, belonging to an organization known as the" Young l\Ien'sDemocratic month of April, some time before the la.st election, I was approached by one Association." We simply ask for a recount of the boxes. This plea was joined Henry Hellier, candidate for ward constable on the Democratic ticket, and by in by the contestants just referred to. We went to the courts through our at­ him requested to vote for him and the Democratic ticket; which I declined to ton1ey, J. Madison Vance. do. 'l'he district court, presided over by Hon. A.. L. Tissot, granted our petition and On the night of .April17(election day) I was again approached and asked by ordered the boxes produced in court, which was done. Two officers employed this Hellier whether I had voted for him·and the Democratic ticket, and upon in the courts were appointed as tellers. The count proceeded to poll three, there my answering in the negative, he said it was all right, that be would "fix it all ' ' being eleven precincts in the third 1·epresentative district, it being the largest right." Some four or five days thereafter I was waited upon by a committee in the parish of Orleans, when a. prohibitory order was granted by the supreme of four, namely, William Lirette, Charles Nicholls, Millard F. Thomas, and court and the count was stopped. As far as thecounthadgone discrepancy after Clay Chauvin, and was told by them that in the future I wonld have to vote discrepancy was found. The ballots in the boxes showing more votes for us, the Democratic ticket or else leave the parish forever. Again, some three as Republicans, than the tally-sheets. We were then forced to make our fight days after, a committee of three, namely,Charles Nicholls, William Lirette, and before the Legislature and before a committee of nine, only two of whom being Millard F. Thomas, waited on me and requested me to deliver up my rifle, which Republicans; and the chairman, J. G. Hawks, a prince of bulldozers, who claims I refused to do, knowing th-at it was my properLy and paid for. They went to ·represent l\Iadison Parish, where Warmoth was only accredited with 1 vote, away and returned again the next day, repeating the same demand, saying that and there being little over 3,700 black voters. Our attorney appeared in person they were sent by a committee of one hundred to get the rifle from me. I again before the committee; our petition went through the regular channels, and we refused. "' now learn that the committee will not grant a recount, fearing "to unearth too Then on the night of l\Iay 17, at about 11 o'clock, about forty men came to my many frauds." This is the most important case in our State, and the only one house, stood about 50 yards off, and riddled my house and premises fnll of bul­ that was regularly carried through every legal channel. I respectfully call let holes. My life was saved almost by a miracle, as I had moved my family your attention to these facts, hastily written, and will hold myselfirt readiness from there about two hours previous. I was hunted down and had to leave to substantiate these and other positive allegations. the pari h by night, leaving behind me some $3,000 worth of property, renl es- I am, very respectfully, tate, etc., unprotected. _ S. S. FRANCISCO, ·l'he DemocraticcommitteeofTerre Bonne Parish havesworn that no colored Oorne~· Baronne and Perdido streets, or 51 Be~·trance street. man shall vote nor enjoy political rights in the parish unless they vote the lion. W. E. CHANDLER, Democratic ticket. Treu>hingt!>n, D. C. BUTLER ADA.MS. Au informant, known to me to be a reliable person, makes this state­ Mr. CHANDLER. Ur. Francisco's apppeal to the Legislature for ment about Mr. John F. Patty: justice was put before a committee, of which JI,Ir. J. G. Hawks was chairman, returned elected from Madison Parish. I will put in the John F. Patty, a colored man of high standing and late Republican candidate for secretary of state, hn.s not been in his parish, St. Mary, since the night of the REconD an extract from the Louisiana Standard of .August 11, 1888, iu fl}ection. Mr. Patty was not molested, but would have been if he had waited reference to the Madison Parish fraud: 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATEo 7867

[The Louisiana Standard, New Orleans, August ll, 1888. T. B. Stamps, editor ocratic steal again of, in fact, 4.458 vot-es, the vote ooing reversed. The Ron. and proprietor.] Frank Morey told only part of the truth. We give the facts. Let the Demo· MADISON PARISH FRAUDS. cratic howlers call for proofs if they dare. Ron. Frank Morey appear::~ to have stirred up something of a. Democratic I find in the New York Tribune of August 10 that General Frank hornet's nest. He had the manliness to get up in the so-called immigration 1\Iorey was hauled over the coals at a convention of the former citizens convention and say something of the frauds in Louisiana elections. That was the one thing of all others to be choked off. 1\fr. l\Iorey was choked of Northern and. Western States living in Louisiann. which assembled oft' by a.n adjournment. M.r. Morey, all the sam6, got in a. few pertinent facts. in New Orleans on the 8th day of August. When he made a remark We propose to add what he was not able to fairly explain. that the committee on re~olutions of which he was chairman had "ig­ Madison Parish was the poin~ at issue. Let us here give the Madison Parish nored :til political questions," he was not allowed to state even this figures. We will begin with the United States census. without cries of "Order!" from all parts of the haU. This seems to have stirred him up to some extent, and he thereupon made the decla­ Blacks. Whites. Total. ration: ---'--' ------~------j------I have lived in Madison Parish for the las~ twenty years, own property and 1,261 13,906 pay my taxes there. At the last election I cast my vote for H. C. \Varmoth and 1880 ...... • ·········-····· ·····························-···················· 12,615 1870...... 7,663 • 936 8,599 it was counted for F. T. Nicholls. OUACHITA PARISH. Gain, ten years ...... 4,982 5,307 I come now to the last parish, to the detaiL<> of the election in which I shall call the attention of the Senate. That is the parish of Oua-­ Continue the proportio!late increase, as shown, to 1888: chita, where there were returned 2,994 votes for Nicholls, 5 fo!' War­ moth, with a voting population of 918 whites, 2,133 blacks. Blacks. Whites. Total. Ouachita is the headquarters of the bulldozers; here Governor Sam­ ------uel D. McEnery resides; here UcEnery and Senator GmsoN, Senator 1880...... 12 645 1, 261 13, 906 EusTIS, and ex-Senator Jonas and Mr. E. A. Burke made their famous , Gain, 1830 to 1888...... 6:576 350 6, 926 speeches October 13, 1887, in which they vied with each other in their claims for the credit of the redemption of the State in 1876. Population, lSSS ...... ~ -1-9-,·2-2-1- f ·--1,-6-11--li--20-,-8-32 This parish was noted in connection with the election of April17, 1888, for the murder of William Adams. I insert in the RECORD first Calculat~ for voters upon the usual estimate found holding good for the coun­ try parishes, of 1 to 4-!- of population : a paragraph concerning the assassination of William Adams, from the Daily City Item of April 25, and which was printe.d by the Senator from Kansas in his speech: Blacks. Whit-es. TotaL [From the Daily City Item, Wednesday evening, April25.] WAS IT ASSASSINATION?-RJniARKABLE ACCUSATIONS FROM liiONROE. 1888 (4~) ... ~...... 19,221 1,611 20,832 358 4,269 The Item yesterday received information from Monroe to the effect that on Voter$...... 4, 271 Sunday, April 22- Meaning April 15- These are the figures 8.3 fairly deduced from the United States census. They must be accepted as approximately correct. There should be, presumptively, William Adams, a resident of Ouachita Parish, was shot to death by unknown not far from the 4,271 colored to 358 white voters in Ma.dison Parish. partiel! at the court-house in that town. According to this authority Adams This shows the negroes as in the actual majority by not far from 3,900 on a was first. shot outside of the court-bouse, wounded in the nose and arm, and total vote; was subsequently captured and taken into the building, where he was kiJled by 'Ve follow with the official registration as promulgated by the secretary of the mob. The provocation that led to this assassination is said to be as follows: state: William Adams was a Republican, and just before the election he came to this city and obtained from Governor Warmoth authority to distribute the Repub­ lican tickets in Ouachita, Franklin, and other parishes of that district, and ren­ Blacks. Whites. , Total. dered himself very obnoxious to those ·who dominated the politics of that dis­ trict, and that this led to his assassination. The number of men engaged in the affair could not be ascertained. On inquiring why no telegrams or other intel­ 1-888-.-.. -...- ..- ..- ..- .. -. .- ..- .. -....-.- ..- ..- .. -...- •.- ..- ..- ..- ..- .. -...- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..- ..-... - ..- ..- ..- ..-. f--3-.-368------;; 1 ~ ligence.had been sent to the city, the gentleman said that there was an appar­ 1886...... , ...... ······ 3, 070 263 3, 33-3 ent reiirll of terror in :Monroe, and. that the people did not dare send out this news for fear of being assaulted. Gain two years ...... --;gg ~ ~ ~ ----s65 Still another stawment is that he was first shot in the court-house yard, wounded in the nose and arm; that he then retreated to his house, from which he subsequently returned to the court-house. Upon ent~ring the court-house a Compare the last registration with" estimate of voters as made from United scuffling was heard, and it is supposed that he was killed with knives. Shortly States census : after a carriage was driven away from the court-house, which is supposed to have contained his body, which has not been found. Blacks. Whites. Total. In m~ bauds is an anonymous letter which I desire to read. The writer gives his reasons for not signing his name, and the Senate will judge whether those reasons are good, and whether the facts that he Census estimate...... 4,271 358 4,629 Registration ...... 3,368 330 3,693 states are worthy of consideration in deciding whether there shall be an investigation. Non-registered ...... 903 28 931 MONROE, LA., June 14, 1888. Senator CHANDLER, Washington, D. C.: The showing gives us 903 colored, as against 28 white voters failing to register. DEAR Sm: Seeing your resolution i; the Sen at~ in regard to the legal election The presumption is that the figures are not far out of the way. recently held in Louisiana, I thought I would give you the facts as they trans­ We come .next to the official returns of the election. We give the figures, side pired in Ouachita Parish, town of Monroe. I think I can explain how it was by side, with the last registration. that there was 2,994 Democratic votes and only 5 Republican votes cast. In the first place the bulldozing committee of the parish would not allow any one to REGISTRATION. I OFFICIAL VOTE. distribute Republican tickets or vote them either; they killed one man, lUr. William Adams, for trying to electioneer for the Republican party. It happened Blacks ...... 3,368 Nicholls ...... ~...... 3,530 in this way: On Sunday morning, before the election, about 10 o'clock, as Mr. Whites...... 330 Warmoth ...... Adams was passing the court-house a man came out of the court-house with a flag wrapped around him so as to disguise himself, and fired two shots from a The total reported registration is 3,698; there are the 3,530 votes returned for double-barreled shotgun at 1\Ir. Adams, one shot striking him in the arm and Nicholls. Ex-Governor Warmoth is given not one single vote. Now for bot- the other striking him in the nose. After the assassin had fired the two shots he tom facts. · ran back into the court-house, and there was not any one in the offiC'es of the par­ Madison Parish vote as actua.Uy cast. • ish that would try to prosecute or find out who did the shooting. Then that even­ ing the candidate for sheriff there-he is the sheriff now-went t{) l\Ir. Adams's Ward. /Nicholls. Warmoth. house and had his supper, and got Mr. Adams to go with him to the court-house, and that w as the last seen or heard of Adams until about one week ago his body was found in Bayou Desiard, a stream about 4 miles from town. The next morning after the sheriff got Mr. Adams to come to the court-house there was !...... 100 190 a pool of blood on the floor, and out across the steps of the court-house. The 2 ...... 40 215 sheriff that I speak of is named Captain Theobald. 3 ...... 88 703 4 ...... 52 868 A name notorious in Louisiana politics, and to which I shall n,llude 5 ...... 260 314 6 ...... 15 69 later. 7 ...... 27 393 He is the chief of the bulldozers. There is a gang here of about fifty, and if a 6 65 person don't do like they say they will hang him and that is the la t of it, and there is no chance to get them indicted, for all of the parish officers belong to Total ...... 2,817 the gang. The next day after the mm·der of l\Ir. Adams, one l\1r . .l\1illsop, pres­ ident of police jury, said it was a shame t{) let such things as that go on without trying to stop it. The next morning there was a committee, consisting of 1\J:r. This gives an actual majori~y for Warmoth of2.229. F. P. Stubs, Mr. F. Hudson, prosecuting attorney of the parish, and 1\lr. L. D. '\Ve might give something more, possibly, regarding the registration. We McLain, and they notified Mr. 1\lillsop that he must keep his mouth shut or he confine ourselves to figures. We give the figures, then, as officially reported. would go the same way. w·e add the figm·es of the vote as actually cast. There was one Dr. Cage here. He undertook to distJ;bute RepubliC'an tick­ 1\Ir. Nicholls received, honestly, his 588 votes. He is credited with 3 ,530. ets, and a committee of the bulldozers met him 2 miles out of town and took Here is Democratic lie No.1, of 2,924 votes, stolen out of whole cloth. Mr. War­ his tickets away from hlm and burned them up, and told him that if he under­ moth and the Republican ticket had actually deposited the 2,817 votes, thus took to distribute any more they would bang him. I think the leaders of -the giving him, in honesty, 2,229 majority. Here is Democratic lie No.2, and Dem- gang are named Captain Theobold, sheriff of parish; Mr. Fred. Hudson, prose- 7868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--BENATE. ..t\UGUST 23, cuting attorney; .JudgeR. W. Richardson, Mr. F. P. Stubs, Mr. L. D. McLain, years ago, precisely, the same frauds-were being perpetrated in Louisi­ Mr. E . Wheatley, Mr. 'Mitchener, Mr. Bob a.ud .John Logan, l\Ir. R Fullum, Mr. .John Parker, Mr. George Philips, and 1\lr. Brown. ana t]lat prevailed at the last election, and they will be committed at I know beyond a doubt that if there could be some way devised so tha.t the the coming election. The name Plaquemine is a stench in the nostrils negroes of this parish could get protection of their lives and a free ballot and a of the American people. fair count this parish would give a Republican vote of 2,000. It is nothil)g un­ usual for them to take the ne~roes up nnd \Vhip them to make them vote as they In 1840 Harrison had 11,296votes in Louisiana, andVanBru·enonJy want them to. I think if you want a verification of these facts if you willsuu­ 7,616. In 1844 Polk had, nominally 13,782, and Clay 13,083, making prena. the following-named gentlemen you can probably get from them all the a nominal majority for Polk of 699. The vote returned from PJaqne­ facts. Th~ names are- mine Parish was 37 for Mr. Clay and 1, 007 for Polk. We all know ! omit the twenty names which he gives. how the Presidential election of 1844 was carried, that Mr. Polk had I shall not sign my name to this paper, for if I did and it was found out here 65 majority over Mr. Clay; 170 electors for Polk and 105 for Clay, of I woula not live twenty-four hours. Hoping you may make a true case out of this, I remain, as ever, which Louisiana gave 6 and New York gave 36. Yours, In the private correspondence of Hepry Clay by Calvin Colton, page 523, there is a statement in a letter from B. Johnson Barbour to Mr. Another statement which has been furnished me by a reliable citi­ CJay, dated at Barbourville, February 16, 1845, which is singularly ap­ zen of Madison Parish is as follows: plicable to the present day, which will find a counterpart forty-four THE FATE OF "BILL" ADAMS, AT MONROE, PARISII SEAT OF OUACHITA COUNTY, years later in the coming Presidential election. 1\fr. Barbour says: THE NEXT BUT ONE TO MADISON COUNTY. Plaquemine and Tammany have stilled the voice of the American people, and Mr. Adams was distl'ibuting Republican tickets previous to the election in the late contest has only established the melancholy fact that fraud UJJOn the Ouachita. He was warned to desist, but did not; and on the Sunday before the ballot-box have perfect impunity, that medioct·ity is a merit, and that every election, ns be was going along on the side of the st,reet opposite the court­ exce s may be committed in the name of a spurious Democracy. house, while people were going to church, a load of buckshot from a sb.otgun was fired at him from back of the court-house fence. One shot went through The Secretary will please read from Colton's Life and Times of Henry his nose and another went through his left arm. After denouncing the unseen Clay, volume 2, page 433, Mr. Colton's statement concerning the shooter as an assassin and coward, Adams being unarmed went home. He was Plaquemine frauds. told to come to the court-house, where he would be protected from ha-rm. He went to the court-house; a hack stood in front of the door; be was never seen The Chief Clerk read as follows:· afterwards. After dark the hack dro'\"e away. There was blood on the hack The notorious Plaquemine frauds of Louisiana had n ot even the decency of the next day and on the floor of the court-house. A citizen beard cries of mur­ disguise, but were open and violent, the judges and public officers taking lead der in the afternoon and nothing more. The next day he told what he heard. in them. Law was trampled under foot and anarchy ruled for the occasion. He was waited on by a committee of leading citizens and told that unless he ~everal hundreds of non-residents of the parish we1'e freighted in steam-boats stopped talking they could not protect him. Everybody knows what that from New Orleans, carried down to the precincts of Plaquemine and induced to means. Not a paper in Northern Louisiana spoke of the occun-ence. walk the rounds of voting two or three times each, some under the same names, being furnished with tickets of the right kind, which were opeued by The Louisiana Standard of New Orleans, Saturday, August 18, 1888, the inspectors, in violation of law, before being deposited, to be sure they were gives some facts in reference to William Adams not previously known right. Nearly all the 'Vhig votes offered were refused; challengers were silenced; all attempts to invoke the authority of law treated with contempt to me. I will read the article: and menace, and 'Whig tickets after being delivered were changed for others. LOUISIANA FICTION VS. FACTS. It was proved that the parish was entitled to less than 500 votes. The dumber There are the two ways of lying. There is the lie direct, in the statement of deposited was 1,0H, and only 37 for the Whig electors. that which is false. There is the lie indirect, in the holding back and thereby 1\fr. CHANDLER. At the same time in 1844 that the Plaquemine suppressing the truth. The latter is, perhaps, the most effective. The lie direct may be exposed, may thereby bring out the facts. The lie indb:ect has frauds were going on in Louisiana similar frauds were being perpetrated at least the chances of remaining unknown. in the city of New York. The popular vote of New York in 184.4 was Our prominent Louisiana pres , then, have been doing a world of indirect yet counted for Mr. Clay, 232,482; for 1\fr. Polk 237,588, and for 1\fr. Bir­ powerful lying in regard to Louisiana affairs. They have thus heralded the result of the Louisiana. election. They have ney, 15,812. Mr. Polk had nominally about 5,000 majority over .Mr. persistently withheld the facts as to how the results were brought about. They Clay. New York City, which was a Whig city, and should have given have lied, in efi'ect, in that they have failed to tell the truth. a maJority for Mr. Clay, gave for him only 26,385 votes; for Mr. Polk There was the murder of William Adams, in 1\Ionroe. Monroe is in the par­ ish of Ou."'.chita. It is the home of ex-Governor McEnery. It was the center 28,296 votes, and for Mr. Birney 117 votes. Mr. Colton tells bow the from whence issued the famoug ''Ouachita plan;" the plan of organized out­ majority for Polk was obtained. The Secretary will plea-se read the rage and general intimidation as an element of Democratic success. 'Villiam extract. Adams was a white man and an ex-Confederate soldier. He had been one of . McEnery's ardent friends and supporters. The Chief Clerk read as follows: He refused to follow McEnery in the fi.nal deal whereby Louisiana was to be [From Colton's Life and Times of Henry Clay, volume 2, page 436.1 handed over through outrage and fraud to General Nicho Hs. He knew that the 'Ihe frauds in the city and State of New York were probably more systema­ Ouachit::. country was in honesty largely Republican. He saw no reason why tized, consequently more productive, arui practiced on a larger scale than any­ it should not so vote. lie came to New Orleans in company'with one of Mc­ where else. It was admitted on all hands that the party which should gain Enery's old-time trusted officials. He was introduced to Governor Warmoth. that State would, in all probability, secure the General Government. It was He undertow to work the Ouachi1a country in the Republican interest. therefore an object of supreme importance. 'Villiam Adams was somehow inveigled into the court-house in 1\ionroe. It was of a Sunday's eve. The Monroe ladies were on tlleir way to chtl't·ch. 'Vill­ iam Adams was in the hnnds of Democratic assassins. The well-known ability and practice of passing the same naturalization pa-­ They somehow closed in on him unawares. His throat was cut from ear to pers from one hand to another, and of using dead men's papers-as in the case ear. of the poor widow at Baltimore who sold the use or her dead husband's right 'Vhy was he killed? He had wmmitted the unpardonable crime; he was seventeen times at one election for $1 each-comprehend a large list of frauds guilty of distributing Republican tickets. in the city of New York. In this way an adopted citizen's r .ght is not only The body was smuggled into a country hack. It was so carried to an out-of­ many times more available during his life than that of a citizen native born, the-way point on the bank of the Ouachita. River. It was loaded with chains. but it continues to be u ed with a multiplied power afler his death I It was next put into a small boat. The boat was paddled into midstream. The volunteer practice of obtaining what is called a legal residence in several 'Villiam Adams was given his watery grave. wards, and in several districts of the same ward, and then appearing as many Did our prominent Louisiana press have anything to say? The matt-er was 'limes at the polls to vote, in a different dress, and in other ways disguised, is no secret. There was not the man, woman, or child in Monroe but heard of the another mode of fraud practiced to a large extent. Hundreds of young men go facts. the rounds of the cily the whole of an election day, frequently changing dress The scene of the murder was just by the telegraphic office door. There were and ofl'ering their votes, which are often received wi!hout being challenged, and the regular news correspondents. Had somebody broke a leg or arm the fact when challenged, they pass on to another, making open boast of it, and saying, would been duly dispatched. Here was most foul and horrible murder. Here "He is a. fool that will not vote as many times as be can." was the almost open disposition of the murdered hody. What was said or But a new mode of fraud is alleged and believed to have been practiced on a done? What was published by our leading press? What has ever been heard large scale in the city of New York in 1814: that of employing men for at least of an investigation? Nothing. six months before the election to obtain residences in every ward and district The parish of Ouachita is one of the fitteen parishes making up the Louisiana of the city (district 79), at t.he cheap boarding-houses, that could be sworn to, if Fifth Congressional district. The district as a whole is reported as casting a necessary, they being known as boarders at all these places, though not always a. vot-e of 30,993 for Nicholls as RJ:tainst 2,737 for Warmoth. there. . · The officiaJ registration is 14,102 whites to 28,183 blacks, There are evidences Being entire! v devoted to the task, and paid for it, they could visit each place of better than 10,000 negro:voters remaining unregistered. The district is hon­ ft·equently, and be recognized as residents. In this single mode, thou~ands of estly Republican by at least 15,000 majority even on the registered vote. It fraudulent votes are believed to have been given in the city of New Y01·k, at should stand for 'Varmoth byfully10,000 majority to-day. The murder of Will­ the Presidential election of 1844 .. The funds necessary we1·e rai ed by betting, iam Adams did the business in Ouachitfl.. The pfl.l'ish of~Iadiso n was returned and advanced. Considering all the various modes by which fraudulent '\"otes with 3,530 for Nicholls, Warmoth with nothing. The actual vote was 2,817 for were obtained, 5,000 'for the city of New York, and 15,000 for the tate would Warmoth, to 588 for Nicholls. Warmoth received the 2,229 majority. 'l'he 2,817 probably be an underestimate. The greatest possible effort of this kind was 'Varmoth votes counted for Nicholls, makes the 5,634 of the Democratic steal made, inasmuch as the relative strength of parties in the State, at that pa-rticu­ in the single parish. '!'here are others we propose to show up in the same way. lar juncture. was more uncertain than in almost any other State, and it was This system of indirect lying by our prominent Louisiana press needs be ex­ therefore difficult to determine what amount of fraud would answer the pur- posed. pose of victory. - It seems that they do not allow mugwumps in Louisiana, they kill Mr." CHANDLER. While John Slidell was carrying Louisiana for them. Here was William Adams, a white man, a Confederate soldier, Mr. Polk by the Plaquemine frauds, Isaiah Rynders and his gang were and a Democrat, but at this election he had concluded to support the carrying New York for Mr. Polk by such contrivances as Mr. Colton Warmoth ticket, and he was not allowed to live, but at Monroe, in describes; and as time went on New York City improved upon its earlier the home of Governor Samuel D. McEnery, he was shot to death, his rascalities. In 1860 the Democratic vote in New York City for Presi­ t~oat cut, and he was thrown into the river, in order to enable Oua­ dent was 62,293. In 1864 McClellan had 73,709. Ip 1866 John T. chita Parish to give the votes which were returned from it for Francis Hoffman had for mayor 80,677. In 1 67, for local officers, the Demo­ T. Nicholls. crats cast a vote of 85, 764; but when the Presidential election of 1868 l'l1r. President, it is worth while to digress a little to notice that came around the Democratic vote in New York City leaped from 85,764 election outrages like these to which I have adverted are common affairs to 112,522 for Hoffman for governor, while John A. Griswold bad 43,372. in Louisiana and proceed from an old custom of the State. Forty-four The Seymourvotewas counted at 108,316, the Grant vote 47,738. The 1B88. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 7869 vote for governor in the whole State was for Hoffman 439,301, for Gris­ ::M:r. CHANDLER. Does the Senator want to ask any other question? wold411,355, a majority for Ho:ffmanof27,946. For Seymour, 429,883; Mr. VEST. No, sir. Grant, 419:883; showing a majority for Seymour of only 10,000 counted M:r. CHANDLER. I always like to hear a speech from the Senator for him as agaiiist 27,946 counted for John T. Hoffman for governor. from l\Iissouri. I yielded to him for a. question, but I enjoyed his Now this is the way, M:r. President, that the State of New York in speech very much. I take occasion to denounce the teleerram as a 1868 was counted for Hoffman and Seymour and taken away from Gris­ forgery. I do not believe it was ever sent. It is more than probable wold and Grant: The process was exactly the reverse of that which that some telegram got into the hands of a Democrat who put in the prevailed at the recent election in Louisiana. In Louisiana word was last clause and then published it in some newspaper. It is perhaps a sent out from New Orleans to the parishes where the frauds were to be Morey letter; certainly it has not made much progress in the public committed to make large returns in favor of Nicholls and against War­ news, for I never heard of it before, and I do not believe there are any moth. In 1868, in New York, the frauds could not be perpetrated in Republican Senators on this side, certainly not many, who ever did thecountrybutcould be committed in the city of New York, and there­ hear of it. But tl;lat Mr. Tilden and Mr. Tweed, by means of the cir­ fore word was sent into tae country districts to telegraph the state of cular I have read, which gave them information what the vote had the vote early so that the country Republican majorities might be over­ been in the Republican counLies of New York, counted out Grant and come hy manufactured Democratic majorities in the city. This circu­ Griswold and counted in the Seymour electors and Hoffman there can be lar was sent out by Samuel J. Tilden and William M. Tweed: but little doubt. A Senator asks me whether anybody doubts that Mr. Tilden and 1\Ir. Tweed sent out that circular. ln answer to that I will Roo~IS OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE COMMITTEE, October 27,1868. put in a letter from Mr. Greeley to Mr. Tilden, headed "A Letter to a l\IY DEAR SrR: Please at once to communicate with some reliable person in three or fotu· principal towns, and each city of your county, and request him Politician," in which Mr. Greeley charges the circular upon Mr. Tilden (expenses duly arranged for this end) to telegraph to \Villiam M. Tweed, Tam· and undertakes to hold bim responsible for the fraudulent vote in the many Hall, at the minute of closing the polls, bot waiting for the count, such State of New York in the election of 1868, to which I have alluded. person's estimate of the vote. Let the telegraph be as follows: "This town will show Democruticgain (or loss) over last year of-- (number)." Or this one. LETTER TO A POLITICIAN. if sufficiently certain: "This town will give a Republican (or Democratic) ma­ "NEW YORK, October 20, 1869. jority of--." There is, of course, an important object to be attained by a SrR: You hold a. most responsible and influential position in the councils of simultaneous transmission at the hour of closing the polls, but not longer a great party. You could make that party content itself with the polling of waiting. Opportunity can be taken of the usn11.l half-hour lull in telegraphic legal "'I'Otes, if you only would. In our late constitutional convention I tried communication over lines before actual results begin to be decl11.red, and before to erect some fresh barriers against election frauds-did you? The very little the associated pt·ess absorb the teleg1·aph with returns and interfere with indi­ tha.t I was enabled to effect in this direction I shall try to have ratified by the vidual messages, and give orders to watch carefully the count. people at our ensuiug election-will you? 1\lr. Tilden, you can not escape re­ Very truly yours, spousibility by saying, with the guilty Macbeth, S.A.l\lUEL J. TILDEN, Ohai1-man. "Thou canst not say I did it; ncvet· shako And when, as the result of this circular: Mr. Tilden and Mr. Tweed Those gory locks at m.e !" found out how the country districts in the State of New York had gone fol.' you w ere at least a passive accomplice in the giant frauds of last November. they knew exactly what majority to count for the Democratic State Y9ur name was used, without public protest on your part, iu circulars sowed and national tickets in the city of New York, and they contented them­ broadcast over the State, whereof the manifest intent was to make assurance doubly sure that the frauds here perpetrated should not be overJ:>orne by the selves with moderate majorities, of 27,000 for Hoffman and 10,000 for honest vote of the rural districts. And you, not merely by silence, but by posi­ Seymour. But when Governor McEnery sent word to the election of­ tive assumption, have covered those frauds with the mantle of your respecta­ ficers of the country parishes of Louisiana w return majorities for Nich­ bility. On the principle that • the rec<' iver is as bad as the thief,' you are as deeply implicated in them to-day as though your nama were Tweed, O'Brien, olls, as ·warmoth was developing too much strength, these election or Oakey Hall. officers did not know precisely how much was wanted. They deter­ "And, though onr city has since largely increased its population, the lower mined to make their false returns large enough, and hence we have the wards were quite as populous then (1840) as they are to-day, several of them more so. *· * * Now Jook: at the vote of four of these wards in 184.0 nnd 1868, enormous majority of 84,753 returned by the election officers and respectively: counted and promulgat-ed by the secretary of state. Mr. VEST. Will it interfere with the line of rem!trks of the Sena­ President, 1840. Governor,l868. tor if I ask him a question here that is of historical reference? .Mr. CHANDLER. Not in the slightest. M:r. VEST. I ask the Senator from New Hampshireifitisnottrue Four "·ards ...... 4,793 1 5,521 2. 84.0 1 20,283 that in 18811.he Republican managers of the election in Pennsylvanb, then under the political control of the present chairman of the national "Van Buren's majority, 726; Hoffman's majority, 17,443. Republican committee, did not telegraph from Philadelphia to Pitts­ "Mr. Tilden, you know what this contrast attests. Right well do you com­ prellend the means whereby the vote of 1868 was thus swelled out of all propor­ burgh after the polls closed at 7 o'clock in the afternoon: tions. There are not 12.000 legal voters living in those wards to-da~. though Republican majority in Philadelphia, 20,COO. ·we can make it 40,000 if neces- they gave Hoffman 17,443 majority. Had the day been of average length, it sary. would dol!bt.less llave been swelled out to 20,000. There was nothing but time needed to make it :100,000, if so many had been wanted and paid for. Now, I ask if that was not published, and if it is not well known and no- Mr. Tilden, I call on you to put a stop to this business. You have but to walk torions? into the sheriff's, the mayor's. and the supervisor's offices, in the City Hall Park, and say that there must be no more of it: say it so that there,shall be no doubt 1\fr. CHANDLER. I have no knowledge on that subject. that you mean it, and we shall have a tolerably fair election once more. 1\fr. VEST. Does the Senator say he never saw or heard that state- "Will you do it? If we Republicans are swindled again as we were swindled ment? last fall, you and such as you will be responsible to God and man for the out- Mr. CHANDLER. Has the gentleman finished his inquiry? rage. "Yours, ",IIOR.A.CE GREELEY. Mr. VEST. That is my inquiry. To SAMUEL J. TILDE.-~, Mr. CHANDLER. I have never beard of the occurrence before. I Chairman Democratic Stale Comntitlee. have no knowledge on the subject. I believe the telegram to bethlse. Although the circulars to which l\Ir. Tilden's name was attached had been I do not believe that such a telegram was ever sent. previously published by the Tribune, and fully implicated him in the frauds Mr. VEST. We shall see. charged, yet he was as silent under the accusation as a stone. Had he been in- Mr. CHACE. Will the Senator from New Hampshire allow me to nocentof the charge, and had he been desirous of purging the ballot-boxes, he would insta.ntly have come to the front, demanded an investigation, and volun- say a word? teered to go all lengths in their correction. But had he done so he never would :M:r. CHANDLER. Certainly. have been go\"'ernor o ~ the Rta.teof New York, nor would he have had the least Mr. CH.A CE. I believe I know bout that circumstance, and it is a show for the Presidency. He, of all men, was the most int-erested in perpetu­ pure canard manufactured ab initio, and there is not a particle of truth ating them as a means of climbing to political power. or foundation for it from the beginning to the end and it can not be Mr. Tilden, so far as I know, never made any public or authentic proved. repudiation of that circular, and the purpose of the circular is manifest Mr. VEST. That is an assertion easily made. It was published in on its face. the newspapers of the country and in the Pittsburgh papers at the Returning f~om. this digr~ssion to the Louisiana election,. I next time and it has stood on record ever since, and the gentleman whose proceed to ma~ntam th~t this enormoy..s fraudulent vote which. has name was si~ned to it has never contradicted it. been retu~ed IS the product. not of local fr~ud perpetrated on ~he 1\Ir. CHACE. The Senator from Missouri himself said but a few mere motw~ of the local e.lectiOn officers, but Is the result of a dehb­ days ago on the floor of the Senate that a Senator whose life or liberty 1 erate cons~nracy ~ntered mto by. Samuel D. McEnery, the .governor, had to depend upon the truthfulness of newspaper reports had a small and Franc:s T. NICholls, the candidate for governor, and I Wish to ~ll ch·mce the attentiOn of the Senate to Governor McEnery's powers concermng Mr. VEST. Will the Senator from Rhode Island, who has injected ~l~ct.ions.. By the election law of Louisiana, act 101, of July 5, 1882, h~self into this question which I put to the Senator from New Hamp- ~tIS provided: . . . . shire tell me what we have bad here yesterday and to-day but newS'- That for all electwns ~n the seve~al parishes, the pans~ of Orleans except~d, '. . . the governor shall ~pomt a returnmg officer for each parish, who shall appomt paper extracts, pure and Simple, and the character of a sovereign State the commissioners of election and designate the polJincr places in each election and of the people of a sovereign State of this Union is to be taken away precinct. "' by these e.x~racts, but wh~n the medicine is given to that side of the I The campaign in Louisiana_which has produced the result now e~­ Chamher 1t1s worth nothrng? hibited to the country was very 1amously_opened on the 12th of Octo- .I

7870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 23, ber last at Monroe, La., and I have in my band a copy of the Times­ come in the heroic efforts of the men of Caldwell and Ouachita Franklin and Morehouse, Union artd Lincoln, who assembled along the banks ~f the Ouachita Democr~t, which contains anaccountofthe meeting held at thattime, and made that desperate struggle? Where are Lhe efforts of East and West Baton from ~hlCh I shall make copious extracts. The newspaper is published Rouge and of East and West Feliciana? Where are the hero, the immortal by 1\faJ. E. A. Burke, who was present at the meeting. The account Ogden, and the men of January 9, 1877 who marched on that morning to the supreme court room, and marched from there t-o the State-House and remained proceeds as follows: there through the day and night, exposed to the cold blasts of winter? Oh THE GOVERSOR'S ARRIVAL AND RECEPTION. where are they, these gallant patriots in all the long recitals of our reformers? MONROE, LA., October 12, 1887. We hear nothing of these men and their long and heroic efforts. 'Ve hear noth­ Governor 1\IcEn~ry, accompanied by. Senato~s.J. B . EusTIS. B . F . .Jonas, RAND­ ing of the diplomacy at Washington of Burke, the accredited agent of General ALL L. GmsoY, MaJ. E. A . Burke, Col. Richard Smnotli, George W. Dupre and Al- Nicholls and our representatives. bert Gibson, arrived here at 4 o'clock this evening. ' .The efforts, the patriotism of all these able a.nd devoted men pale into insig­ nificance before the great efforts to "break a. quorum'' by skirmishing leooi.!la- * • * * * $ * In the procession they carried two banners: on one was "Ouachita's honored tors and the promise of patronage and the payment of money! ., son;' on the reverse side of this banner was, "The People's Governor." The other banner bore the words "Louisiana's Governor, welcome home." lie continues to show that it was the troops which turned ont and His all THE MEETING. gave them victory. spee$, through sounds like a victorious MoNROE, Octobe-r 13. general describing a military conflict, as it bad been in fuct. This pretty little place, the home of Governor McEnery, was alive with Dem­ ~n the name of the people of this State, I p1·otest against such arguments. I oCl·at this morning from the various wards. of Ouachita Parish. who had been will go back to the governor's proclamation where be, on the 24th of :March attracted by the announcement that Governor McEnery and other prominent 1877, informed the people in response to their repeated protests, that their "'OV~ gentlemen would address their fellow-citizens. ernment bad been organized without a. compromise of their rights. "' • * * * * "' * Believing then, a.nd believing now, that the people of the North had been The following was the p1·ogramme'ofthe proceetes for the commercia1 arrangement with Great Britain in 1830 or ~~~~lf!ti the responsibilities he assumed, and the risks he encountered? None; whether it was corn whisky, I am not informed, but certain it is, from the character of the c.·tmpaign that they inaugurated and carried out 'Vhen Federal troops were ordered to Monroe in order to destmy the good work done by the Democrats, and when they gathered negroes from every to completion on the 17th of April, that the spirit that they were filled quarter and e>ery plantation, marched them to mass-meetings under the pro­ with was the spirit of the devil. In Governor McEnery's speech he tection of their guns, the people of Ouachita, who had become desperate. de­ puted Captain Theobald , with a. w-ell-chosen force, to put a stop to this ma­ said: rauding und political marching of Federal troops. The revolution inaugurated in 1876 did not stop with the events of that day. The people of Tensas, Natchitoches, and Caddo had to place themselves in line And this Captain Theobalds, who has been doing this bloody work with Democratic North Louisiana. The same·feelings and impulses which g:-we rise to the great movement throughout Louisiana in 1876 influenced the people for these many yeaJ'S for the Democrats of Louisiana, is the same wretch of thosejm.risbes to overthrow the same despotism in 1878. If the people were who is responsible for the murder, on the 15th of April of this year, ol justit1ed in 1876 in their revolution against oppression and wrong. so were they William ·.Adams. justi.E ed in l b70. Governor Nicholls may or may not ha>e sympathized with the Tensas and Natchitoches prisoners. His feelings are not matter of importance. The negroes gathered in almost untold numbers at St. .James Chapel. T he They are the em_otional parts of his nature, and without an outward expression Federal troop3 were there under their officers, consisting of two companies o! there is no means of analysis; and his outward expressions arc matter of little infantry. Theobalds had two well-armed companies of riflemen. moment in the moral aspect of the movement, unless some injury is done to l twas on this occasion that he announced with determination to the Federal those who are affected by its expression. officers that we had submitted to all that we intended "to endure, and hence­ Gentlemen from Natchitoches and Tensas were on trial on a serious charooe. forth no wore crunpaigning would be permitted with Federal troops. The offense with which they were charged had passed beyond the line of lo­ With flashing saber and angry Yoice the officer proclaimed that that was a cality and had become national. The whole gravamen of the crime alleo-ed ~epnblican meeting, and. he was there to protect it. Said Theobalds: •• If you against !;hem -was that they had done certain things in a. Congressional election mterfere here to-day I w1ll sweep you and your command from ofl' the face of for political purposes. This was the question to be determined by the court be­ the earth." fore which they were arraigned. It was the question before Congress and be­ The commanding officer of the United States troops at that time gives fore the nation in its moral aspect. It is not proper for even a person in private station to condemn before a. hear­ a different account of this affair, but be confirms the statement that tbe ing, to use expressions as to the guilt or innocence of the accused that may af. voters of the region were intimidated, and that nobody was allowed to feet the verdict; of a jury. In a person occupying a high station it is the less ex­ vote the Hepublican ticket in the bulldozed parishes. cusable, and there was at least a. want of prudence when Governor Nicholls brought the attention of the Legislature to the matte.r. No legislation was pro­ From that time forward we had no further interference with Federal troops· pose to correct evil!:' which may have promoted the disturbances in Tensas. they quietly camped inside of our picket line. Theobalds spoke then for th~ It was a. judicial question pending before a judicial tribunal. Yet the governor, people o~ Lo?isiana. He only voiced a. ~entiment that was in every heart and on the very issue to be determined by the court, said in his message of 1879 : a determination that strengthened every man's nerve. It was this determina­ "The prox!ma.te cause of that trouble was the going, at night, of a. party of tion of the people of the State that established Democratic government in Lou­ men, numbenng from twenty to twenty-five, to the bouse of one Fairfax, a col­ isiana. GmsoN so understood it, and so spoke from W"asWngton. Barke so ored political leader in. Tensas Parish, which act resulted in the killing of Peck understood it, a.nd so addressed Grant. The people of the nation so understood (who seems to have been the leader of the party) and the wounding, by Peck's it, and so sustained Hayes. companions, of three colored men who were in Fairfax's h ouse, one of whom Although the Federal troops were no longer political factors in the contest, afterwards died. The visit of these men to Fairfax was utterly wrong in my the radicals, negroes, carpet-baggers, and scaJlawags diu not give up the con­ o pinion, u tterly withoutjustifica.tiou, and whilst attempted to be justified upon test, but determined s~cretly to mass the enUre negro population in the town t he ground t·hat they went in the·interest of peace to expostulate against a ru­ on the day of the election. A long line, reaching through the Chovan swamp m ored proposed attempt of the colored people to force the quarantine lines at through the colony on the river, was established. It was too long, and the .vr­ the town of St. J oseph, I am satisfied that such was not the purpose, but that it der was given to fall "Qack and inclose the town in a small compass. It was had a political object." then that the men of Union, Lincoln, Morehouse, Richltl.nd, Caldwell, and Oua­ It is not surprising, then, that this opinion of the go>eruor was used by United chita. stood elbow to elbow ready to receive the expected attack from the ne· States District Attorney Leonard in his speech ou the trial and by Senator TEL­ groe• . LER in the Senate of the United Sta.tes. They bad no more expectation o an attack from the negroes than Senator TELLER used this language: "The testimony as to the condition of affairs fu Tensas Parish does not rest upon the t-estimony of colored men or Re­ they had of going to heaven. publicans; it rests upon the testimony of a Democratic governor, given to the .Away in the night Fred Ca.nn's cannon, on the right, announced the move­ people i n his annual message." ment, and the sharp quick crack of the rifle along the whole line told that the It seems that where these gentlemen met together-at Monroe on negroes were well drilled and instructed in the plans and lines of march to the this occasion-! understand the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. GIBSON] city. was there accidentally. They went into a quarrel as to who had re­ Could anything be more ~bsurd than the idea. that the negroes of deemed the State in 1876. Nicholls and his adherents claimed that it that section were planning to attack Captain Theobald, and all the as­ had been done by corrupt negotiations with members of the Packard sembled white ruffians of that vicinity? The contest was quick. and decisive, and the cessation of rifle reports and the Legislature. The UcEnery-Burke party disputed the Nicholls pre­ silence of Cann's cannon announced that on to-morrow peace and quiet and tension and contended that the State had been redeemed in two ways: victory would be with a long·sufl"ering people. What was done in Quach i \'was First, bulldozing Republicans in the country parishes, and next by the also done in the Felicianas and East Baton Rouge, and it was the deterru ined spirit of the people that gave to Louisiana her emancipation from the negro­ negotiations of Burke and others in Washington. This quarrel among carpetbag domination and elected Francis T. Nicholls governor. themselves, Nicholls not having then been nominated for governor over Anterior to this there had been a constant and increasing resistance to the McEnery, starts out in all the speeches made. But notwithstanding reign of terror inaugurated by the Federal Go>ernment, which cuhuinated in the successfulstruggleof1876. When the memorable 14th September was being the differences among themselves they all united in their determina­ enacted in the city of New Orleans I was on that night with n company from tion not to allow Republicans to vote in the State of L ouisiana. I con­ Trenton, under McLeod, and a company from Monroe and vicinity, uuder Lo­ tinue to reail from the speech of Governor McEnery: gan, holding in check riotous negroes on the De Sjard. But in the history of this period as detailed by the r eform canvassers where That is Bayou De Siard, and the same in which the body of William 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE. 7871

Adams was found murdered, because he dared to be n. Louisiana Re­ from Louisiana in his speech distinctly asserts that the white voters of publican. The speech of Go>ernor 1\IcEnery goes on: Louisiana shall rule Louisiana, that the bla.ck voters shn.llnot by their When the mercenaries of Kellogg were tramping through South Louisiana votes control elections in Louisiana, and that this question of the en­ I was arranging with Col. C. H. Moore with two hundred men from Richland forcement of the fifteenth amendment is to be settled in absolute de­ to capture the entire force at Carpenter's station in that parish. The lamented Dan Byerly bad sent the dispatch announcing their expected appearance in fiance of North~rn sentiment. North LouisianA. to reinstate the Greens, whom Patterson had driven away at Senator EusTIS said: . the head of a hundred men in the town of Vienna. Thus, in every locality was In our State we find a very peculiar and serious condition of affairs confqmt­ shown a restless and determined spil'it during the long, disastrous, and oppress­ ing us. '.rwo distinct races almost equally divided in numbers coinhabit the ive reign of this alien government. Governor Nicholls was brought to the same territory and live under the same government and under the same insti­ front, not because of his identification with any of these events but because of tutions. It is net the fault of the white man-it is 'lOt the fault of the colored his Confederate record and maimed condition to arouse the sympathies of the I' man-that race antagonism exists; it is sentiment, an instinct, a passion beyond people and enlist them in one united and concerted effort. the control of either. Therefore as much as it may be regretted, yet owing to We all recollect his intense con ervatism, his unwillingness to continue an causes inher·ent in human nature itselt, at any moment and under provocations aggrc ive campaign by which Louisiana alone could be saved. how unforeseen a spark may produce a conflagration in our midst. The dream Had his advice been followed our redemption would have been long deferred. of the Yankee crank is that this question can be solved by miscegenation; but I well remember the Friday evening on which General Nicholls made his entry my judgment is that, deplore it as we may, the inexorable logic, forced upon us ' into Monroe. Ashe got off the cars Theobalds was filing by, with his squadron by the unchangeable and eternal laws of human nature itself, is that we have of cavalry, retuming from the suppression of the island riot. to determine whether the negro will govern and rule the whit-e man or whether One would not suppose, Mr. President, that Governor McEnery here the white man shall govern and rule the negro. That is the question which we have to determine by our elections, and on was describing an election in the United States. One would think he that issue I need not tell you that every-interest, every instinct of pride. every was describing a battl'e. impulse of manhood, every element of Caucasian civilization, every personal I remember when I c.United States Senate from Louisiana under to confide-the political leadership in this State, I have no hesitation whatever in making and in declaring my choice. I can not reconcile the safety of .the some election or pretended election. State with what I understand to be the extremely conservative ideas of Gen­ .As I held his feverish band as he lay in bed, he clung to mine and pressed it eral Nicholls upon this race question. with earnestness, and exclaimed, "My young friend, do not do anything that will mar tbe great victory that awaits us. Oh, if you bad been at Natchitoches General Nicholls has recovered from his conservatism. and bad seen the blaze of enthusiasm among the people you would do nothing Upon this issue I consider that he and Governor 1\IcEnery represent two op­ to mar the fruit of our victory." posite and irreconcilable schools of political thought and systems of political action. Governor UcEnerysneeringly remarks cencerning Mr. Spofford's plan In considering this question I am willing to omit what occurred before 1878; of ca,mpaign: but his course and his policy inl,regard to the Tensas case create a !!trong im­ It is needles~ to say that in -atchitoches, where a conservative campaign was pression in my mind that however pure were his motives it can never receive condr...cted, the Radicals polled their enth·e sb·ength. The contest for our lib­ my political approYal or political indorsement. He had then a grand oppor­ eration had been fought aud won strictly on the color line. The negroes had tunity to defy and resent Northern opinion upon this subject-to prove that it drawn it. is the duty of n. Democratic executive in theSt.ateof Louisiana in a crisis of race conflict to sympathize with the whit~ people. The sooner we let the Northern What an absurdity ! people understand that their opinions on this race question will not influence The negroes had drawn it, the carpet· baggers nsed it, and we accepted the il'sue or conti·ol our action in any degree the bett~r it will be for our safety. and broke it into fragments, with the full belief and confidence that we were establishing a white man's government. It was this that nerved usforsomany That is the spirit of the whole speech. years. . This is a domestic question; n. home-rule question; one affecting our inter­ ests and our destiny; one wh'ich we understand; one which we intend to solve In view of this bloody speech of Governor :McEnery I think I ought regardless of Northe1·n sentiment, and in the solution of which in my judg­ here to state injustice to the Nicholls faction that there is some differ­ ment a policy of conservatism and of conciliation means incontestably the ence between its members and the members of the .McEnery faction in domination of the whites by the negro race. To accomplish the results which we now enjoy and which we had hoped we had permanently secured has cost their policy concerning frauds in ele<::tions and the killing of Republi­ the people of Louisiana trwls, sacrifices, and tribulations which no people have cans. The Nicholls faction is undoubtedly opposed to any unnecessary ever endured since society was organized and government was first founded. fraud and UJJY unnecessary murder. Its members wish to have com­ From the time that the reconstruction measures were passed up to 1876, when we tirst succeeded in installing a Democratic governor, every election was mitted just as many frauds and just as many murders as are necessary equal to n. revolution. to carry the State Democratic. and no more. Military power, disfranchisement, fraud, crime, violence-every agency that Bn t the meinbers of the 1\IcEnery faction are willing to commit frauds bas ever been known to diabolism-was used and exerted to crush the spirit of our people. It was the Democratic leaders who for eight long years preceding and murders without any limitation whatever. That is the only dis­ 1876, by their repeated appeals to the manhood, patriotism, and heroism of the tinction between them. Governor McEnery next says: Democratic white masses of the State, marshaled those brave serried ranks of I believe with that eminent divine, Dr. Palmer, that God Almighty has him­ loyal Democrats, those brave men who faced every vicissitude, confronted every self drawn the color line and that our civilization has to be worked out. by white peril, who resisted the allurements and defied the terrors of power. U was they brains, while muscle, and white sympathies, and that the other race must work who, appreciating the terribie significance of this race problem, created that in­ out its redemption in the line appointed by Providence under the leadership domitable spirit of enthusiasm in the Democratic party which rendered the vic­ and direction of the white race. t-ory af 1876 possible. One of them was Governor McEnery, to whose efforts and conviction the people of Louisiana nre largely indebted for t-heir emancipation It is noticeable how pious and godly all these Louisiana Democrats from the blighting oppression of Radical rule. become when they are planning the commission of frauds upon the snf­ $ * * 3 * frage and the murder of Republican voters. And be sa.ys the conflict is not ended, but is to be perpetuaL No nation ever yet divided its power or shared its administration with an in­ * * * * * * • ferior race that did not in time meet with the recorded verdict of history. There But there is an additional reason, in my judgment, why, if the people of Lou- will be wasting of energy and consuming of power. It is a denial of the divine isiana desire that peace and prosperity in the future which we now enjoy, Gov­ calling of the nation which has been borne to its fulfillment by the Father. ernor .l\fcEn~ry should be re-elected to the executive office. We are as far t>O­ day from the solution of this negro problem as we were the day when it was Blasphemously invoking the Divinity in aid of his crimes against hu­ first imposed upon us. We understand Governor McEnery's views, his con­ manity, and he rhetorically concludes his advocacy of political murders: victions, and his policy, and I maintain that it would be a guaranty to our se­ curity and to our safety to have one whose firmness, independence, and resolu· Such a nation will be swept out of existence, and all that will be discovered tion have been tested occupy that importsnt office. of it will be in the colossal fragments of its architecture, erected in the noontide of its splendor. The dates in its cycle will be vainly sought in the fading lines• Those were the views of these distinguished Democratic leaders in and scattered stones of its building. October before Governor Nicholls was nominated. I proceed now to Senator GmsoN was allowed to follow Governor McEnery. I give some events immediately connected with the canvass which ensued. only two extracts from his speech, but they clearly mark the character After it opened Governor Warmoth concluded to favor the policy of of the contest that was going on in Louisiana. having Republicans unite wit~ some of the various Democratic fac­ 1\Ir. GrnsoN spoke on the second epoch, the period of reconstruction, the en­ tions in the election of local officers, and he wrote a letter to this effect. forcement of the amendments. This in th'e South meant destruction instead of I find it in the Times, of Greenville, Miss., Saturday, Uarch 3, 1888, reconstruction. as follows: Referring to the contest of 1876, he said: WARMOTH'S GAME-WAR:IIOTH OUTLINES THE REPl:;BLICAN POL:lCY AS TO LOCAL At this time there was a contest in Louisiana between the whites and blacks. AFFAIRS. General Nicholls represented the whites and Packard the blacks. [Special to Times-Democrat.] So that the Senator from Louisiana in that speech distinctly announced BATON ROUGE, February 25. that the condition of thing:; which the Democrats of Louisiana would The following letter from ex-Governor Warmoth to the local head of theRe­ not tolernte was the enforcement of the amendments to the Constitu­ publican party has excited no little interest and comment in political circles:- . tion, and he stat-ed the issue.correctly. The white people of Louisiana .. ~IAGNOLIA PLANTATION, and of the South have distinctly declared to the North and throughout "Lawrence Post-office, Feln-uary 23, lS&I. thewhole Union that the enforcement of the amendments to the Consti­ ''DEAR Sm.: I am in receipt of your favor of the 21st, in which you inform me tutio!l shall not be allowed. that harmony exists among the Republicans of the parish of East Baton Rouge, and that you contemplate a. union with the 1\IcEnery faction on local officers in The Senator from Louisiana [Mr. EUSTIS] also made a speech, which your parish. You also ask my advice relative thereto. I cordially indorse the is reported in the Times-Democrat, an abstract from which I will in­ poticy which you propose to inaugurate, and trust that it will fin.d a ready ac­ It ceptance at the hands. of your neighbors. I regard any movement which will sert, but will not read. is contained in the speech of the Senator create good feeling and harmony between the two races and t-end to obligate_ from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] made early in this session. The Senator the race question in politics as of the highest importance to the colored people.

I ~ f. • OONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. · AUGUST 23,

"In times past some of our colored friends ha.>e been inclined to draw the language calculated to arouse the fiercest passions the hideous and unparalleled color line themselves, under the advice of selfish men, who were ignorant or state of affairs then existing, and declared that rather than witness the 1·eturn heedless of the misfortunes which such a course would entail upon them. The of such evils he would prefer to see the State wrapped in revolution from the proscription and injustice under which you have suffered so long may not have Arkansas line tp the Gulf, and so would every true man. He painted the evils been without compensation if it has taught the necessity and policy of cultivat­ that would result in case Warmoth should be elected, urged the necessity of ing the most friendly relations with your white neighbors. present-ing an unbroken front to the common Republican enemy, and wound "You can not get along without them, and they would sustain a great loss if up by declaring that during the present contest the law shonld be suspended deprived of your population. We are essential to each other's prosperity, and uutil the danger was past. the man who would engender discord in our midst means no good to either The speech,-throughout, was a plain and unvarnished plea for the strictest race. drawing of the color line, and a call on the white men of the State to unite, to "I regard your movement of more importance to you and the welfare of the defeat by fair means or foul the aspirations of the Republican party, through people thnn any question of office or emoluments. I congratulate you and the its most conspicuous and ablest lieutenant-Warmoth. Coming from a private white people of your parish on the good sense and good feeling which you say citizen such utterances, mean nothing but the vaporings of a narrow-minded prevail. In this parish the Nicholls faction has combined with the colored individual, but coming from the governor of the State of Louisiana it means far people on the local offices, and have shown the utmost liberality in thedistdbu­ more. l t means that the boasted political freedom of this State is a fraud, that tion of the honors. It is becoming of the McEnery men of East .Baton Rouge political freedom means only to vote the Democratic ticket, and nothing else, to do the S.'\me, and I hope the disposition so commendable in your neighbors it means that the Northern men who are invited and urged to bring their fam­ will spread to every parish in the State. ilies among us and settle are deceived; it means that Louisiana is to be set back "Very truly, yours, at least twenty years in her march to prosperity and progress; it means that "H. C. W ARl\IOTR. the negro is a Democrat onl:r by compulsion; and it means that failing to be "Mr. ANTHO'NY BENJAMIN, governor, that GoYernor l\IcEnery cares not for the prosperity of the State, and "President Pa1·ish CommiUee, East Baton Rouge." the welfare of its people. • Thereupon the Greenville Times, seeing that these unions of Repub­ The Madison Times, of April 7, 1888, follows up this editorial by licans with Democrats in the local elections might result eventually in another: a free vote and an honest count for the Republican State ticket, pub­ WHICII DOES liE M"EAN? lishes directly after Governor Warmoth's letter what it calls "1\ladi­ Not a Democratic paper in the State has ventured to cl:allenge the strictures made in the Times of l\Iarch 24 on Governor McEnery. It is bard to overcome son Parish's Checkmate" to this kind of an arrangement, which I will cold facts, and Governor McEnery did publicly pledge himself to see that there ask the Secretary to read. should be a fme vote and a fair count. General Nicholls ne>er wanted anyt b ing The Secretary read as follows: else, and it has been the proud boast of the public men of Louisiana that the Slate was Democratic on a fair vote. The Times-Democrat and the States both MADISON PARISH'S CHECKllfATE. stoutly maintain that there is to be a free vote and fait· count, and place implipit Wh2reas in this State the dominant white race only has the intelligence, edu­ confidence in Governor McEnery's pledge to tba.t effect. The Times does not. cation, experience, and influence necessary to secure the proper administratiorr The:governor can not mean thn.t he will see to it that there shall be a free vote of parochial and State governments, and also own probably forty-nine fiftieths nod a fair count, and that in order to secure it he will countenance suspension of I. of the realty in the State; and ' the law until the count is accomplished. If he intends that there shall be a fair Whereas in the riparian parishes of the State north of Red River, the white election there is no occasion for a suspension of the law. A free vote and a fair Republicans do not number probably one in thirty of the white population, count do not run hand in hand with a suspension of the law, and Governor-1\Ic­ and of this number those who are Repub'icans purely from principle either co­ Enery can not be sincere i •l advocating both. operate with white Democrats, or remain passive, prompted so to do by con­ It is a beautiful and instructive position for the governor of this Slate to oc· siderations connected with local duties of higher or good citizenship, the few cupy, publicly pledging himself that the election shall b e absolutely ft ir and who take an active part iu politics being of that unworthy class who would above suspicion, in one breath, and in another advising the I!USpension of the willingly sacrifice the interest of the country and the peace of society in the law. If he is seeking notoriety, he is seeking well, he will surely get it, for be reckless, self-seeking effort to secure political office; and is the most conspicuous figure in this State to-day, and his fame will become \cVhereas these few political vampires are the active organizers of the igno­ national. He holds the election machinery of the State in his hands. He can rant and corrupt would-be "political leaders" among the negroes-and so asso­ use it to insure a fair election· and close his administration with a crowning ciated, this pestiferous baud seek to create antagonisms and atrife between the glory, or be can p1·ostitute it to the basest uses and retire u·om office buried races· and under a load of everlasting infamy. Whereas the right of society to defend its_elf a.gainst the invasion of an enemy , or enemies is an essential right of manhood and "citizenship: Now, therefore, The following article appears in the same paper: Resolved, That we, the white citizens of Madison Parish assert WHAT IT MEANS. First. Our earnest fealty to both Federal and State governments. Governor l\IcEncry's utterance at Tallulah, "let the law be silent until the Second. We, without regard to party affiliations, serve notice on all and each danger is passed," could not be more significant if volumes had been written disturber of the peace of our parish and inciters of race antagonisms and con­ and it is a plain and unvarnished warning t-o those who would jeopardize the flicts to instantly desist. And for once and the last time we admonish them public safety, that they must expect the direst consequences.-Tcmsus Gazelle. not to be slow about it. We mean business. That is about the way Governor IcEnery was interpreted here. Any one· Third. That we denounce as unworthy of recognition socially, recreant to race can interpret such an utterance. "He who runs may read." It authorizes any obligations and the duties of honest citizenship, any white citizen who will al­ villainy, murder, assae.sination, anything vicious and cowardly, whether it was low his name to go on a political ticket formed, or nttempted to be formed, by intended to mean it or not, and that is whe1·ein it is so infamous. corrupt negro politicians, urged and incited to activity by the despicable, loath­ some, and self-seeking relics of the carpet-bag rule which immediately followed The Madison Times of Saturday, April14, contains the following and was only made possible by the temporary disruption of society resulting editorial: from the civil war. \"EARLY OVER. Fourth. We assure our colored fellow-citizens that we have for them only the The agony is nearly ov~r. In a few days the election will have been held and kindest teelings, and t b.at the action which we now tn.ke is to prevent the mis­ the result known. ·whether the horrible advice to suspend the law bas been erable, corrupt party hacks and tricksters from creating trouble between them beeped or not will then be known. On Governor McEilery will fall the odium and the white citizens. who are by every im:tinct of birth and property interests of promulgating such au outrage on civilization, and on him in any event will their best friends. We therefore urge our colorf'.d fellow-citizens to denounce fall the horror of political darkness forever. He bas effectually destroyed any these would-be disturbers of the existing kindly relations between the races, political aspirations he may have entertained, and no administration can afford and to keep away from them, that the innocent may not share punishment that to publicly reward the apostle of such a creed. In he1· most desperate straits may at any time overtake di~urbers of the peace of society. Louisiana never witnessed the open and avowed advocacy of such measures, Mr. CHANDLER. The Secretary will read from the Southwestern and it remained for Governor McEnery to be the fir t public man in the State to not only indorse but to advise the suspension of the law. lie may have hoped Christian Ad vocate a statement from the Shreveport Democrat of what to be a judge of the supreme court of the State, but he has placed it beyond the they propose to do with "Independentism." power of any administration with any self-respect to place him in such a posi­ The Secretary read as follows: tion. THE "HIGHER CIVILIZATION OF LOUISIANA." Yet, Mr. President, that judgeship was kept vacant by Governor The Shre>eport Democrat, the recognized organ of the Nicholls Democrat,s, McEnery until after he had succeeded in electing as his successor and the most influential paper in North Louisiana, recently gave the following Francis T. Nicholls by the means which have been described; and then article to its ren.ders : · Gov~rnor Nicholls appointed Samuel D. McEnery to fill that judgeship, "WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH INDEPElNDENTISM? and he is now a judge for fifteen years in the State of Louisiana as the "It is now but six weeks till the people of this State will be called on to decide at the polls what officers shall serve for the next four years. With regard to the' reward of the deeds which have appeared in the testimony which I State ticket there is practically no division of sentiment among the Democrats have submitted. of Louisiana, but we regret t-o see that in many of the parishes Independentism Will the Secretary read the letter of H. B. Holmes, stating to the is raising its head, and that only strict party discipline, rigidly enforced, will public why he, an independent Democrat, retired from the canvass? prevent local catastrophes to the Democracy. "The question therefore very naturally"tt.rises, shall our attitude towards the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The letter will be read, if there be Independents be the same as towards the Republicans? Shall we aaopt the no objection. same heroic measures in getting rid of the one as the other? The Democrat bas an answer ready at hand: The Democrats of Louisianamustapply the same The Chief Clerk read as follows: forcible logic to Indepehdentism that we apply to Republicanism. One is as TO THE PUBLIC. great a menace to the continuance of good government as the other and both After the excitement of the campaign is o,·er and men take time to reflect·, no must be rooted out." one will doubt that I was the choice of a majority of there ident voters of this parish for the office of sheriff and that my nomination in the mass-meeting was Mr. CHANDLER. Now I present a copy of the Madison Time.:;, fraudulently defeated by the votes of non-residents imported for that purpose. R. C. Weightman, editor and proprietor, P. W. Hickey, publisher, The refusal of my opponent to accept my proposition to submit our claims to Saturday March 24, 1888, which contains the Democratic ticket at the the Slate central committee, of which the member from this parish was his earnest supporter, would of itself be sufficient, if any evidence was needed, to head of its ,columns, and has an editorial headed " Governor Mc­ prove this fact, which is now a. matter of public notoriety. We agreed after­ Enery," continuing as follows: wards to submit our claims to a primary election, but before the time fixed for the election the parish executive committee, composed mainly of the strong GOVERNOR M'ENERY. supporters of my opponent, instructed the delegates to the district conYention This gentleman made a speech at Tallulah last Monday, that deserves some to stay out of it unless allowed the representation which this parish committee comment, in view of the position he occupies. desired. • • "' • • • * This was a usurpation of power unheard of before in politics, and was in ef· The governor of the State of Louisiana whose public proclamation that there feet an order to disband the party. My opponent was one of the delegates to shall be a fair and free election has been spread from one end of the State to the convention, and took part with the rest in bolting the district convention the other, burgeons forth as the most violent and unscrupulous of bulldozers. and in putting up an independent district ticket, headed by his strong personal In his speech at Tallulah he pictured in burning language t-he evil of carpeL-bag friend, Mr. Montgomery, for the senate. I then became convinced that it would rule. He turned back the pages of history fourteen years, and portrayed in be useless for me to expect that a parish committee which had ordered and nu .

• 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. "7873

opponent who had taken part actively in the independent movement would be And Governor Warmoth also says: controlled by any party rules, and recognized that I would have opposition in I dare Governor McEnery to deny that he has written this letter, not to one, any event, and therefore I withdrew from the primaries and announced my but to many returning officers, besides many other leading Democrats. candidacy as t-he rightful nominee of the party. Since that time I have been opposed by a campaign of calumny and abuse, The charge of Warmoth ~ainst GoYernor McEnery was made in the and although it was found impossible to obtain a basis on which to rest any former's circular of Aprill3, 1888; it was read in this Chamber on t.be charge against m"y past cov.duct, either as a citizen or as an official. the minds of the people have been kept constantly inflamed with base and malicious 1st day of 1\Iay, 1888, by the Senator from Kansas [Mr. INGALLS] in his charges, all founded on what it was alleged I intended or was in the act of doing. speech, and so far as I know it has not been denied by Governor McEnery All malicious falsehoods, but so systematically aml carefully concocted and so that he sent out such letters to the returning officers. On this state of industriously circulated that in most instances I was the last to bear of them, and in every instance it was impossible to trace one to its source. Then an alarm facts it seems to me that! can join with Gover-nor Warmoth in his charge was raised, lest we should be forced to submit to negro supremacy and again of that Governor McEnery "organized a conspiracy to have the votes of danger to the State ticket. It is of course true that there was no foundation for the Republicans suppressed throughout the State of Louisiana," and either of these war cries. One has only to reflect a moment to know that negro supremacy could not exist unless supported by Federal bayonets, and that the that it was "his purpose to have ballot-boxes stuffed, returns falsified, / election machinery of the State renders the election of a Republican State ticket and results declared which are false, and men put into office by fra.ud an impossibility. Still these alarm cries served their purpose, in that they alarmed and inflamed the public mind, and when properly supported by judi­ and violence.'' cious lying, had a strong tendenry to prejudice the public against my candi- I insert the whole of Governor Warmoth's letter~ as follows: ~~ . - NEW ORLEANS, LA., Apl·ill3, 1883. l'iext the State administration entered the race-removed the returning offi­ Fellow-citizens of Louisiana: cer, n life-long Democrat and a sterling officer, whose only offense was that he I address you in the interest of law and order, decency and fair play. I ac­ supported my candidacy, and placed in his stead the nephew of my opponent, cepted the Republican nomination for governor with the greatest reluctance, who worked actively for the election of the Republican ticket four years ago, and with the fullest assurances from Governor McEnery that we would have a and in the person of the governor ofthe State proclaimed that the law should be "free and fair election." He has repudiated his pledges, falsified his word, and suspended until what that official was pleased to term" the danger" was past. has organized a conspiracy to carry the election by fraud and violence. Following this remarkable utterance of the chief executive of the State, armed Governor McEnery, in his speech in New Orleans, in January, just b~fore the men were introduced into the parish, and have been kept here ever since with­ election of delegates to the nominating convention, said: "So far as my ad­ out, so far as I could see, the slightest cause or necessity, t!le negroes being per­ ministration of the election laws is concerned, I pledge yon to-night that not fectly quiet, and seeming to seek for nothing except to be protected, and the only in the city-of New Orleans, but throughout the State of Louisiana, I will real object being, as I n.m convinced, to prevent my re-election to the office of see au honest and fair election ; that every vote cast is counted as deposited, sheriff. and that no substitution of ballots is practiced, but that the voice of all the 1\fy conviction as to this is strengthened by the fact that the worst of the raids voters in the State as deposited in the ballot-box: shall find expression and re­ was made in the section owned mainly by my warm personal friends and sup­ ceive recognition, and the officers elected commissioned. To that end, I will porters. If I continue to be a candidate I must expect to meet these men, who remove nny registrar or returning officer in the city or State that I have reason have been imported, at every polling place. My only chance to succeed would to believe will aid in the suppression or changing of the popul.or will." be to follow the advice given by his excellency the governor of 'the State and When the executive of the State, charged with the enforcement of the laws, suspend the law until after the election by bringing in an equal number of men and having absolute control of the elections in all their details, announces that (which I could do) and meeting force with force; in short, by bringing on a civil he will this time make an exception to the rule, and pledges his word that he war. Hatber than do this I have concluded to give up my rights and withdraw will "see an honest and fair election, will allow no substitution of ballots, and from the race. that the voice of all the vot€rs of the State shall find expression and receive H. B. HOLMES. recognition," we are expected to believe that the man will stand by his word of honor though be failed as an officer to observe his oath. · :Mr. CHANDLER. There we see another Democratic candidate dis­ The 'convention was held on the lOth of January, and after a bitter and pro­ appear. Whether he will be first a mugwump and then join the Re­ tracted contest General Nicholls was nominated for governor over Governor publican party, or whether the bulldozers have effectually whipped McEnery. The Nicholls men on the committee on resolutions were asked tore­ port a resolution indorsing Governor McEnery's administration. The question him in, remains to be seen; but this is a Democratic exposition of the wns submitted to the caucus of Nicholls men, who voted it down. J.D. Houston, election methods of Governor McEnery. a McEnery leader, informed the Nicholls caucus thA.t unless the vote was recon­ The Madison Times of Satnr~ay, April 21, 1888, in an editorial sidered and Governor :McEnery indorsed, be would offer a resolution in the convention declaring that the Democratic party demanded a "free vote and a headed "Of no use," says: fair count." Terrified by this threat., the Nicholls caucus reconsidered the vote The honorable Sam is a terror when he turns himself loose. lleissuchahard by which they refused to endorse Governor McEnery's adminiatration ancJ,. man to base calculations on. lie will proinise on his word of honor that there adopted the resolution. It was rep01·ted by the committee on resolutions, shall be a free vote and a fair count, and before these words have time to get adopted by the convention, and no resolution was introduced on the subject of cool he will fiercely advocate the suspension of the law. No one knows better a "free vote and a fair count." than be does what it means, yet be deliberately proclaims it, and while doing No tntercourse was had between McEnery and Nicholls for several weeks it has his covetous eyes fixed on the vacant judgeship. He a judge! 'Vhy.the after this convention. The mannerin which McEnery spoke of Nicholls showed very stones would cry out in indhrnant protest. A man sworn to execute the the utmost bitterne~s and contempt for him. He repeated again and again his law advising the suspension of the law he is pledged to execute, hoping to be determination to have a" free election and a fair count." Republicans were made judge! Why,Genernl Nicholls would prove false to every public utter· told by him to go ahead; that there would be no bul.tdozing and no cheating at ance he has ever made and to his own manhood to recommend such a man for this election; that as Nicholls had denounced him and the Ouachita and Ten­ judge. He could not do it. sus plan, be should have a fair election "just once, and see how he liked it." 'This condition of affairs continued till I decided to accept the nomination for But Governor Nicholls did it. I ask the Secretary to read the edi­ go>ernor on the Republican ticket. In an interview between Governor Me~ torial in the same number of the Madison Times, beaned ''The law was Enery, General McMillen, and myself at the St·. Charles Hotel, Governor l\Ic­ Enery reiterated his declaration that he would see that. a free, honest, and fair suspended." election should be held in April. These assurances were again and again re­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The article will be read by the Sec- peated by Governor McEnery to a uumber of persons whose names can be for­ retary. _ warded. About the second week of 1\!arch certain Federal officials brought Governor The Chief Clerk read as follows: McEnery and General Nicholls together, and over a dinner at Moreau's these THE LAW WAS SUSPElli""DED. two belligerent leaders were united in friendship. The details of the trade are not known to me, but it was reported and generally believed throughout the GoYernor McEnery has covered himself with glorv. He is, in the first burst State that l\IcEnery would take the stump for Nicholls and that he would be of enthusiasm, inspired by party success, bailed as the saver of his Stat-e, and appointed on the supreme bench in place of Justice Todd, whose term has al­ for a. brief moment is invested with heroic attributes. But his triumph will be ready expired. \Vhatever tl;le agreement may have been, McEnery began the brief; with the sober second thou~rht will come the consideration of the results campaign at Shreveport on the 15th ot March at Tally s Opera House. of the suspend the law process. The ridiculous majority· of over 60,000 (or per­ Speaking of my election, he said: chance 70,000) will make trouble in local and district matters; the unparalleled "I tell you there is danger, and Norlh Louisiana will ha>e to save this State Democratic majority will excite derisive sneers through the North, and will go from disgrace. If you permit the negroes to organize, you will have. to break far towards electing a Republican President (though as opposed to Mr. Cleve­ it by power, and o,;:~· ht now and break it in its incipiency. Before I will see land that would not be a. terrible misfortune), and when these things come about such anothel"stat ffairs I will wrap the State in revolution trom the Gulf to the curses both loud and deep showered on the head of S.D. McEnery will make the Arkansas line. ~ e white people under the Radical regime were fast going him quail in dismay before the storm. . towards the condition of Hayti, and I now ask you to establish to the world that; Only a suspension of the law could produce such an unnecessary and exagger­ we, the white people, intend to rule the destinies of thi5: country. We have ated majority,and Louisiana, and the Democratic party, if it indorses such meth­ now a Gaul at our doors, and it is time we shall say that the law shall be silent, ods, will become a by-word and a. reproach. A weapon has been put into Re­ and uphold our liberties at all hazards." publican hands to break Democratic heads, and the heads wtll surely suffer. Go>ernor McEnery was followed by Colonel Jack, of Natchitoches, who said: A mistake has been made, and it won't be long before everybody will know it. "You have heard the assurances of our chief executive, that come what will or may, he will wrap this State in revolution, from the Arkansas line to the Mr. CHANDLER. I now come to the letter of Henry C. Warmoth, Gulf, rather than have Radicalism come into power. .And I tell you we are in dated at New Orleans, April13, 1888: addressed to his fellow-citizens or danger, with the astute and wily Warmoth as a leader-the wily, crafty,and in· sidious gentleman from New Orleans. . Louisiana, the whole of whjch I shall put in the RECORD. I will state "If this state of affairs should confront him,all Goyern or l\IcEnerywould have the material points of his allegations against Governor McEnery. His to do would be to issue his fiat or manifesto, and the people of North Louisiana . charge is that Governor .McEnery and General Nicholls were reconciled would come to his rescue and redeem the State as they did before; and if what; I say is treason let them make the most of it." after Nicholls was nominated; that an arrangement was entered into by McEnery and Jack made similar, but more extreme speeches at Monroe and which McEnery agreed to take the stump for Nicholls; that Nicholls Tallulah, and McEnery has followed it up in other speeches throughout the when elected would appoint him on the supreme bench in the place of State. Justice Todd, whose term had expired, the vacancy to be left open in Not satisfied with this he has written to his returning officers, whose dnty i~ is to fix the polling places, appoint the commissioners and cl~rks of election, order to allow the arrangement to be carried out; that McEnery opened and return the votes in all of the parishes of the State, as follows: the campaign on the 15th of March, in his speech at Tally's opera house, "Warmoth is developing too much strength. We must beat him. See to i' that your parish returns a large Democratic majority." declaring that the laws should be silent, and demanding that-the power I dare Governor McEne-ry to deny that he has written this letter. Not to one, of the negroes to organize should be broken up in its incipiency. Gov­ but to many returning officers, besides many other leading Democrats. ernor Warmoth further charges that Governor McEnery wrote to the re­ The result of all this is that the Republicans will have no commU.sioner at any single polling place in the State of Louisiana. There are over one thousand poll.. turning officers as follows: ing places in the·State of Louisiana. There are three commissioners of election Warmoth is developing too much strength. We must beat him. See to it appointed by the returning officer to each poll. Not one of these 3,000 officials tb.&t your parish returns a large Democratic majority. will be a. Republican i every one of them will be a Democrat, and mc.st of thelll XIX---493 7874 CONGRESSIONAL -REOORD--SENATE. A.UGUST 23,

selected for the purpose of not counting the votes, but to cheat the Republicans If Messrs. White, Rogers, and Crandall desire the name and p arish of our cor- out of their votes. , respondent they_ may have them on application to the Item. Is General Nicholls in thl.s conspiracy? Will he accept the .high office of gov­ ernor when it is stolen for him? 'Vill he dare to p ut a man on the supreme The Secretary-will please read an article from the Item of .July 9, 1888. · bench of the State who has been guilty of all the offenses he ever charged him The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The article wil1 bo rend. with, and added his broken oath as executive of.the State? The Chief Clerk read as follows: I charge that Governor l\IcEne1·y has organized a conspiraeyto have the vote ofthe Republicans suppressed throughout the State of Louisiana, and that it is If the returning officers at the late State election had made the major-ity, say, eight, instead ofeighty thousand, thus leaving Louisiana seemingly in the llappy his purpose to have ballot-boxes stuffed, l"eturns falsified, and results aeclared 1 which are false, and men put into office by fraud and violence. condition of being "doubtful" in tho Presidentinl con te t, there is no reason- . I appeal to the honest people of Louisiana in thenameofaU that is honorable able favor or consideration that 'our Representatives might have asked of Con-1 and right to condemn this conspiracy. gre:os that the two parties would not have scrambled over each other in their, H. C. W ARl\iOTH. eagerness to grant. And this might have been done just ns well as rlot. In tho hands of such able political managers as we are blessed with, the State would1 Mr. President, it may be said that all my remarks hitherto have pro­ be quite safe for the Democracy, regardless of nominal majorities. As it is, we, ceeded upon the theory that all the colored voters in Louisiana desire are so superfluously and irreclaimably "solid " that, as the Item showed from the CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD a. day or two ago," when eleven of the items of ap­ to vote the Republican ticket, and do vote the Republican ticket when­ propriation to Louisiana water cour es were stricken from the river and harbor ever they have an opportunity to vote. The contrary of this was al­ bill, by the Senate, not a solitary voicewus raised in their defense and on bilialf leged by the Senator from L-ouisiana [Mr. Grnso:s] in his speech on of the just claims of our people, by either a Democrat ot· Republican. Our local the 1st day of May, contained in the RECORD of May 5. I read from leaders should study "practical politics." that speech: Mr. CHANDLER. The other newspaoer cited by the Senator from When that election shall be im·estigated through and through you will find Louisiana [Mr. GrnsoN] was the New Orleans Progress. He says: that the colored people as_ well as the white people rallied around Nicholls. I read now from a newspaper edited by a colored man, in the city of New Or­ I have here extracts from some of the papers of Louisiana., among them ex­ leans-the New Orleans Progress. tracts from papers edited and owned by colored men, in which they urge the colored voters to cast their votes for Nicholls. Ih:we received a copy ofthe New Orleans Progress, which is anin­ He also says: tel·esting document. This number is that of April 28, 1888, volume The leading Republican organ in the city of New Orleans, edited nnd owned 1, No. 8. So, being a. weekly paper, it had been then published about by w bite men and Republic:.ms, the Item, says. eight weeks. I will read an editorial from the Progress which shows - And then proceeds to quote the statement that there has been a vol­ what kind of a colored Demqcratic paper this is: untary accession of the negro vote to the Democratic party. I have We have several times been asked, "Who owns the Progress?" In reply wo here give the names of the cop1·oprietm·s, some holding, of course, larger and first to say that the statement of the Senator from Louisiana that.-the other smaller interests. The paper was started, not as a. business venture, but Item is the leading Republican Oigan in the city of New Orleans,. edited as a channel for the expression of the views and opinions of its proprietors. and controlled by white men and Republicans, is incorrect. I do not It was started M a matter of fact about eight weeks before the elec­ understand that it is a Republican paper or has ever pretended to be; tion, at the instigation of the Democratic party, in order to afrord some I do not know whether it is owned in wholeor in part by Republicans; excuse for the enormous fraudulent-majorities which they knew their but-I have in my hand a copy of the Daily City Item, New Orleans, returning officers were about to send to the secretary of state: Monday evening, July 9, 18887 and! :find atthe leftofthe heading-the An estimate of the probable weekly expenses was made and was divided into words, ''A strictly impartial paper.'' I do, however, find that the Item a certain number of parts or shares, each proprietor- or associate, according to is publishing paragraphs which I do not see in the regular Democratic his ability, taking, or rather pledging himself to pay weekly, one share, two shares or more, or a fraction of a share, or his pro rata. thereof, as the case might papers. I ask the Secretary to read one taken from the Item of June be. The agreement is verbal, but has been faithfully kept by eve1·y member, 28, headed '' Enfranchisement of the ballot.'' though we are glad to state that after the first few issues the paper has sup­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read as requested. ported itself thus far, and bids fair to become permanently self-sustaining. The Chief Clerk read as follows: Then the names are given: E:XFRANCHISEMEh""T OF THE BALLOT. L. A. Martinet, New Orleans; 1\I. G. llobe, Madison; Abe Davis, S~. 1\.Iary; '' E

State, and l\Ir. 1\In.rtinet allied himself with what was known as the Beattie fac­ I trust that your resolution will pass the Senate, for I feel assured that the tion (Beattie was the Republican candidate for governor in 1879), and was made publishing of the evidence brought out before an investigating committee will eit.her secretary or a member of the Beattie executive committee of the Repub­ but make votes for Harrison and Morton, as well as show up the rottenness of lican party of this State, which was supposed to be in direct anta~:<>nism to the the Democracy. regular Republican organization, the most conspicuous member thereof at that Any further service that I can render you will be chee1·fully done. time being Senator Kellogg. In fact, the two factions were generally known Very respectfully, as the Beattie and Kellogg factions. In the latter portion of 1881 or the earlier P. F. HERWIG, portion of 18821\Ir. Martinet succeeded in getting General Badger, collector of President Republican Slate CentraL Committee. customs at this port and a. warm personal friend of l\Ir. Kellogg, to appoint Hon. W. E. CHANDLETI, him a clerk in his office. In a. few months thereafter, or just preceding the ap­ Wa.shington, D. C. pointment of Governor Pinchback by President Arthur as surveyor of customs at this port, 1\Ir.l\Iartinet was appointed deputy surveyor of customs, the salary Ur. CHANDLER. As still further bearing upon the question of which was $2,500 per annum. whether the Louisiana negroes vote the Democmtic ticket, I will put About this time Mr. Martinet left the Beattie wing of the party, and as he lived in the same Congressional district as 1\lr. Beattie and Governor Kellogg, in an editorial from the Louisiana Standard, edited by T. B. Stamps; and both of these gentlemen being candidates for the Republican nomination NEW ORLEANS, Attgttst 11, 1888. for Congress, he supported the claims of 1\lr. Kellogg, who was nominated. The Louisiana negroes, then, did not vote the Democratic ticket. They voted Beattie ran as an Independent Republican, but was defeated, Kellogg being wherever permitted to vote at all for the Republican nominees. There is not elected. Martinet was secretary of the Kellogg campaign committee. In 1883 to-day in all Louisiana the one Democratic negro to the five hundred Repub­ l\Ir. Martinet was editor of a Republican paper, the Louisiana Standard, which licans. Possibly it might be better if there were. It might conduce, maybe, to was published in this city and owned by Federal employes. In the State elec­ the greater division among the whites. We are not discussing theories. We tion of 1884, which occurred in the spring, Mr. Martinet was a delegate to the are dealing with actual facts. The one Democratic negro out of fiyc hundred Republican State convention (at the same time being president of the Repub­ we count a. reasonable estimate. Where found, again, he is almost invariably lican committee for St. Martin Pari;lh) which nominated John A. SteTenson, so Democratic through Democratic boodle. The four hundred and ninety-nine lately deceased, for governor, and supported his candidacy. In the same con­ are unswervingly Republican. We are not here dealing with local issues. Lo­ vention P.e was elected a delegate to the National Republican convention of cally, the negroes may vote for Democratic candidates. 1884 to represent the '£hird Congressional district, attended that body, and voted They are Republicans all the same upon a square party fight. They wer_e for President Arthur. here unquestionably true and zealous enough. They voted straight, or not at Returning home,l\Ir.l\Iartinet advocated the election of Blo.ine and Logan, all. not only doing so through the columns of the paper which he edited, but also The Louisiana election was but the wholesale cheat and a lie. That better from the hustings of the Third Congressional district. After the national con­ than 80,000 majority for Nicholls was made up out of whole cloth. It is there­ vention of188-i he became dissatisfied with l\Ir.Kellogg(the man whom he had sult of ballot-box stuffing, and falsified returns. The Republican ticket should supported for Congress in 1882), and refused to give him his support for r&elec­ in honesty have been duly returned. The lion. Henry UlayWarmoth and the tion, preferring Mr. Gay, the Democratic nominee, who was indorsed by a fac­ Ron. Andrew Hero should to-day in honesty be governor and lieutenant-gov­ tion of Republicans headed by Mr. Martinet. In October of the same year he ernor of Louisiana. No really intelligent man in Louisiana. believes for a. mo­ resigned his position as deputy surveyor of customs. Be it remembered that ment that Nicholls was elected. EYen his most ardent friends decline t{) so all of this time he was supporting Blaine and Logan. After the result of the claim. It would be an insult to his intelli.gence to assume that he believed it election had been ascertained to be Democratic, it was announced that 1\Ir. 1\lar­ himself. tinet had espoused Democracy and all its attendant horrors. Louisiana was stolen. That is the long and short of it. The Democratic of­ Later on he was offered the posilion of assistant book-keeper in the United ficials are filling their stolen offices. States mint, this city, by a Democratic superintendent. This be declined, his The larger proportion of the members of the Louisiana. General Assembly rea ons I have heard stated being that he wanted something better, something were returned through stolen negro votes. The fraudulent members, so fraud­ that would compensate him for his so-called martyrdom in his support of 1\lr. ulently retnmed, went through the farce of a fraudulent election for two United GAY. Later on he succeeded in getting his brother-in-law, a white man, ap­ States Senators. pointed to a position in the coiner's department of the mint; he has since been These are but the plain unvarnished fa.cts. They are the facts which will be di charged. He also succeeded in 1885 in getting his brother appointed to a po­ brought out should the Chandler resolution resUlt in a Senatorial investigation._ sition in the railway mail service, running out from this city. May the Northern Mugwumps, with the Springfield Republican, make the most In US86 he was appointed a trustee of the Southern University by Go\ernor ofiliem. - 1\IcEnery. This school is a State institution for the education of persons of color. Ex-Governor Henry C. Warmoth has written me a letter on this At the election of officers he was a candidOtte for secretary of the board of point~ which I send to the desk. trustees, an office which pays $50 per month, but through the instrumentality of the colored members of the board (they are half colored and half white) be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The letter will be read . . was defeated and a white man elected. His wife is atea<:herin this school. So The Chief Clerk read as follows: unpopular is he with the colored people of this city that a mass-meeting of THE OAKLAND HOTEL, ST. CLAIR SPROGS, 1\IICH., July 16, 1888. them was held, he was denounced, and a committee appointed to wait upon the governor and ask his removal. "'hen interviewed by a daily paper here (I be­ J\Iy DEA-R Sm: The statement that at the late election in Louisiana the col­ lieve the Times-Democrat) as to the causes of his unpopularity with the colored ored people in any considerable numbers voted the Democratic ticket is abso­ people and the reasons for their denunciations of him, he answered in sum and lutely false. substance that it was because of his being a Democrat, This answer ofhis com­ If the negroes were Democrats, why was it that the Nicholls managers, having pletely refutes his assertions, made recentlyin the Progt·ess, that a considerable become alarmed, sought McEnery, whom they had abused from one end of the number of negroes in Louisiana were Democratic and voted for Nicholls. For State to the other, covering his name with the vilest epithets ever applied to a if they denounced him because of his being a Democrat it docs not stand to man in his position, and be~ged him to apply the methods by which he had reason that they would vot.e for a Democrat. carried the negro parishes heretofore so successfully, methods which General 1\I r. l\I. G. Bobe, the associate editor of the Progress, was :l Republican as long Nicholls had bitterly denounced in his speeches and which Governor McEnery as the Republican party keJ!t him in office and for a few years prior thereto. had defended as necessary in order to keep the .State in the hands of the Dem· His first office of importance was received at the hands of the Republicans of ocrats and to "save white civilization from destruction?" 1\Iadison Parish, in 1879, he being elected in that year to the constitutional con· It is susceptible of proof that the greatest consternation existed among the vention of 1879 as a Republican. He was nominated by the Republicans in the Nicholls leaders for fear l\IcEnerywouldcarry out his threat" to see an honest same year for secretary of state.on their ticket headed by Mr. Beattie. In 1884, and fair election." having lost the position of deputy collector of internal revenue for his district It is also well known that a conference was brought about between Nicholls (the Fifth Congressional), he supported the candidacy of J. Floyd King, Demo­ and McEnery, and that it resulted in an agreement that 1\IcEnery should use crat, as against General Frank 1\Iorey, Republican, although advocating the his unlimited power to elect Nicholls, and that 1\IcEnery should have the. va­ election of Blaine and Lo~an. In 1885 King succeeded in having Bobe appointed cant judgeship on the supreme bench, which"McEnery kept open for months to a laborer's position in the coiner's department of the mint, which plac.e be after it should have been" filled, in order that Nicholls might give it to him on now holds. In the fall of last year he resigned as a member of the Republican his accession to office. This consideration was too much for 1\IcEnery. It is an State central committee from the Fifth Congressional district. office having a. term of twelve years and a salary of~.ooo per annum. He went Abe Davis, business managerofthe Progress, lives at Franklin, St. Mary's Par­ shamelessly back on his public pledge made in January: "So far as myadmin· ish, which is in Congressman GAY's district. For a. number of years prior to i<;;tration of the election laws is concerned, I pledge you to-night that not only the Presidential election of 1884 Davis had been postmaster at Franklin, La., in the city of New Orleans, but throughout the State of Louisiana, I will see an which is a Presidential office, and had always been a. Republican, bold and ag­ honest and fair election; that every vote cast i9 counted as deposited, and that gressive, supporting Blaine and Logan and Kellogg in 1884. When the present no substitution of ballots is practiced, but that the voice of all the voters in the Administration came into power Davis had nigh two years of his original four State as deposited in the ballot-box shall find expression and receive recogni· . to serve before the expiration of his commission. The Democrats-of Franklin tion and the officers elected commissioned. To that end I will remove any reg­ were divided as to whom should be postmaster, so Congressman GAY, to avoid istrar or returning officer in the city or State that I have reason to believe will antagonisms, allowed Davs to serve out his time, and Davis, evidently feeling aid in the suppression or changing of the popular will." in a reciprocal mood, commenced to feel the spirit of Democracy taking posses­ If it is true that the negroes were Democrats, why did McEnery take the sion of him, and so well did he impress thefactsofhisconversion upon the Dem­ stump after this conference and agreement, and in the most shameless manner ocrats of his section that last yearwhenhe retired from his postmastership they draw the color line, tell the people that the contest was between the white and brought him to New Orleans and put him to work in the United States mint, black races; tllat the State was in the greatest danger of Africanization, and where he now is. that they must rise and save theu· civilization. Why did he tell the people that I will supplement this letter by another to-morrow­ the negroes "regarded Warmoth as a aemigod, and would rally to. his support Very respectfully, P. F. HERWIG. as one man;" why declare in his speeches all over the State. "I tell you there President .Republican State Central Committee. is danger. If you permit the negroes to organize you will have to break it by Hon. W. E. CHANDLER, power, and go right now and break it in its incipiency." lVashington, D. C. 'Vhy did he "suspend the law till the danger was over." Why is it that in­ dependent Democrats who were running for local offices with the support of the Republicans were told that they were " helping to establish negro rule, and NEW ORLEAl\"1>, LA., July 16,1888. that unless they withdrew from their candidacy they would be killed." DEAR Sm: Inclosed you will find copy of the Progress with article relative Why were returning officers, the personal and political friends of Governor to the stockholders of the same. (See page3, marked.) Excepting Mr. 1\Iartinet McEnery, removed from office when suspected of being friendly to the Inde­ and 1\lr. Bobe, all of the gentlemen mentioned as stockholders reside in the pendent ticket in the parishes? If it is true that t]le colored voters were Dem­ Third Congressional district of this State, now represented by Mr. GAY. They ocrats, why did the Democratic press and orators unanimously denounce the one and all, exceptio~ the white man {of whom I know nothing except that he Republicans for being a negro party and intending "negro rule?" Why were is not a late convert to Democracy), advocated the election of Blaine and Logan Hawkins and Johnson, the ~olored candidates for the Legislature in the parish in 1884, and probably will be great admirers of Harrison and Morton after the of 1\Iadison, driven away from their homes by the members of the Democratic 6th of November next. committee? Why were the one hundred men whipped, killed, or driven away While upon thissubjectlwould state that it is my candid and honest opinion from the parish of St. Mary just prior to the election, all colored people? Why thattherearenot five hundred colored men within the borders of Louisiana who did the brother of Senator G:rnsoy and his band of night riders in the parish of voluntarily vote the Democratic State ticket. The Democrats claim that they Terrebonne visit the homes of colored men only, killing some, whipping others, do, and cite as an instance the stockholders of the Progress, who (probably ex­ and firing volley after volley into the houses of others, whose only crime was cepting Mr. Martinet, and he is an erratic Frenchman), together with several that they were Republicans, and would not come out of their houses to be killed other colored men in the Federal service here, claim to be Democrats, and who or whipped? Why was William Adams shot down in the streets of the city of becl\me such simply because the Republicans refused to give them an office, or Monroe on the Sundaymorningbeforetheelection? Having failed to kill him, else oocause the Democrats have given them one, why was he decoyed into the court:house on a promise of protection and ther8

,- 7876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ENATE. Au~usT 23,

murdered by having his throat cut from ear to ear, o.nd his body dropped into leaders were killed; when they consider the Colfax massacre, in Grant the middle of the Ouachita. River? This parish gave the Republican ticket 5 votes, and Nicholls was returned 2,994. Parish, April13, 1873, when the court-bouse was sot on :fire and after­ If o.ll the colored people and all the white people were Democrats, why did wards fifty-nine dead bodies of negroes found; when they considerttie the .returnii:Jg officers refuse to give the Republicans representatives among the facts stated·in c;.eneral Sheridan's report in 1875, in which he estimates commissioners of election at tl1e polls, in two-thirds of the parishes of the Stnte, and all of the largely negro parishes? that three thousand five hundred persons, mainly co1ored, had been \Vhy did General Nicholls's trusted personal and political friend, Colonel Pat­ killed or wounded in Louisiana for political reasons. Would the eight ten, the register of voters in New Orleans, appointed by Governor McEnery, at negroes who were shot dead on Thursday last in Freetown, New Iberia the 1·equest of Nicholls, just before, and to conduct, the election, refuse to o.ccord the Republicans a commissioner of election, at the polls in New Orleans? \Vhy Paris~ where they had sought the house of their pastor, Hev. Mr. did Judge White, one of the senators-elect, his attorney and the ma.nager of Nora, have voted for Cleveland next fall if they had lived? Consider the Nicholls campaign, contest so vigorously this right, and yield only after we the fearfully wicked Coushatta and Red River murders and the St. had obtained a. decree from two of t11e State courts and had it confirmed by the Supreme Court? Landry riots of 1868, and the estimates made by General Hatch in If the negroes and white people are Democrats in Louisiana, why was it neces­ 1868 of the riot in Canal street, where three white men and one hun­ sary for the Young Men's Democratic Association of the city of New Orleans, dred negroes were killed, and his estimate that two hundred and ninety­ whose independent ticket the Republicanssupported for city offices find it neces­ sary to turn out en masse with \Vincbester,.rifles and sit up with the 1ooxes for two seven blacks were killed in one month-all these murders being polit­ days and nights to prevent the roughs under the lead of the Democratic man­ ical. agers from falsifying the count or dest1·oying the boxes? The Louisiana Standard of August 18, 1888, is getting a, little im­ If the negroes were inclined to vote the Democratic ticket., why did they not do it in the localities where the elections were conducted with some show of patient over these wholesale massacres of colored people. I ask the fairness? Why is it that it is claimed they did it only in localities where we had Secretary to read the editorial which I send to the desk from that paper. no representative at the polls, where the colored people were in very large ma­ The Chief Clerk read as follows: jorities, and where they were almost unanimously returned as having voted the Democratic ticket? If the colored voters are Democrats in Louisiana., where THE END HAS CO::IfE. did I get the 51,000 votes for governor at the late election which the returning The killing of colored men at Lockport, Lafou1·chc Parish, and the .Abbeville, officers generously reLurned for the Republican State ticket? It is one of the Vermillion Parish, affair this week, is the straw that breaks our patience. We marvels how it occurred that in fourteen parishes I received 20,919 votes, and say to the governor and the white people of this State that this must end. We Nicholls 20,177, while in '1:1 other pa.rishes, in which the bulk of the Ret>ublican call upon the church people and their ministers and all classes of our people to vote is known to be, Nicholls received 60,659 Yotes, while I only had 3,013 re­ assemble in mass meeting immediately for the purpose of taking steps to re­ turned for me. move our people from these hell-holes on earth. What a. crying shame to the This can be nccounted for as the effect of the resolution adopted by the Dem­ people of this State, who will witness not only politicnl murder, but inter­ ocratic State commit.tee, in which it declared that the representation in any ference in a. man's private business. If this is "regulating," there are some State convention to be called thereafter should be R.pportioned on the vole cast pretty big guns in this State needing a little of this medicine. at the coming election for Nicholls. This extraordinary action, taken on the eve of the election and months before a. state convention was to be called, was Mr. CHANDLER. The Richmond Planet, John Mitehell,jr., editor, known at the time to be intended as a. bribe to the desperate men who rob the bas been keeping an account of the lynchings of colored men in the ballot-boxes in Republican parishes to repent the awful practices throaghout the State which had made Tensas, Ouacbita, Madjson, and the Fellcianas to be South, and I find this list in the Planet of Saturday, July 21, 1888, • known as ".McEnery parishes," and under which and by which means fifty or which I will send to the desk, n,nd which certainly affords encourage­ sixty thousand Republican votes were stolen and given to the candidates on ment to the negroes for voting the Democratic ticket, for the murderers the Democratic State ticket. If the Senate decides to investigate this election it need not summon Repub­ of these negroes were all Democrats. licans as witnesses. It will find hosts of honest Democrats who know the facts The Chief Clerk read as follows: and will willingly tell them. No honest man need fear the truth. Yours, very truly, NUMBER OF PEI!SONS LYNCHED. H. C. W AR.MOTH. Ron. W. E. CnANDLER. Date. ~arne and residence. No. PARISHES WHERE THE ELECTIONS WERE CONDUCTED WITH SOME SHOW OF ~ ---. - FAIRNESS. 1887. Parishes. . July 26 Reuben Cole, at Surry C. H., Va ...... 1 N1eholls. Warmoth. Oct. 28 Colored boy, Carpenter Station, Tenn ...... 1 · 1 Nov. Aaron Jones, Caddo Parish, Louisiana...... 1 5 George Hart, Opelika, Ala ...... 1 Calcasieu ...... 2,297 708 16 Harrison Scott, l\Iexico, Mo ...... 1 Catahoula...... 992 8&'5 Stepdaught~r of Harrison Scott, Mexico, 1\Io ...... 1 Claiborne ...... 2,397 768 23 John H. Bigus, Frederick, Md ...... 1 East Baton Rouge ...... 1,984 2, 606 Five colored persons shot in Louisiana...... 5 Iberville ...... 1,802 2,610 26 Frank l\IcCutcheon, sixteen years of age, at Modesta, Cal...... 1 • J'e:tferson ...... 855 1,271 28 William Williams, .l'.fa.scot, Mo...... 1 LaFayette ...... 1,708 1,234 Colored men killed-in Louisiana...... 33 Plaquemines ...... 971 1,678 Dec. 3 'l'hree colored men shot to death at Charleston, Miss ...... 3 St. Charles ...... 172 1,377 11 Colored men hanged and roasted near Owensborough, Fla ...... 2 St. James ...... 898 2,181 16 John Perkins, at Quitman, Go...... 1 St. John Baptist...... 593 1,216 1888. St. Landry ...... 3,909 3,278 Jan. 2 Oscar Cogers, Tuscumbia., _<\.la...... •••••••••••••••••.•••.•..•••• c...... 1 St. Martin ...... 1,107 1,624 Colored men shot in Marhoro County, North Carolina ...... 2 12 Henry Burney, Laurens County, Georgia...... 1 19,685 1 21,436 22 Bob Yenders (innocent) ...... l 27 John and Matthew Blount, Patterson Spruitt ...... 3 :M'ENERY'S BULLDOZED PARISHES. 28 Ben Edwards, Amite City, La...... 1 Feb. 9 Colored man, Ponchat-oula, La...... 1 H Alonzo Holley, Pineneyville, ill ...... 1 .Acadia...... l, 688 149 28 Sam Price and Bill Reams, Clinton, Ky ...... 2 Bienville...... 1, 923 37 28 Nine colored persons at Spanish Camp, Tex ...... 9 Bossier...... 4,213 95 Mar. 4 Aaron Dickey, Cuthbert, Ga...... 1 Caddo...... 4, 802 324 9 Will Thomas, Tunnel Hill, Ga...... 1 Cameron...... 402 2 15 John Skinner, Hopkinsville, Ky...... 1 Concordia...... 4,219 145 18 Jeff Curry, Blue Creek Mines, Ala ...... 1 De Soto...... 1, 865 74 Eli Davis, Woodland Mills, Tenn ...... 1 East Feliciana...... 2, 276 5 20 Two colored men at Wharton, Tex ...... 2 East Carroll ...... •...... 2, 680 285 29 Theo. Calloway, Hayneville, Ala ...... 1 Franklin...... 987 4 .Aprill2 Jerry Smith, Memphis, Tenn ...... 1 J'ackson...... 963 7 16 Hardy and Ben. Kaigler, Jos. Prescott, Pike Countoy, Missis- Livingston...... 766 192 sippi ...... 3 Madison...... 3, 530 ...... 18 Isaac Kirkpatrick and wife, Gallatin, Tenn ...... 2 Morehouse ...... I, 584 14 23 Hardy Posey, Bessemer, Ala ...... 1 Natchitoches...... 3, 373 285 30 Henry Pope, Summerville, Ga...... 1 Ouachita...... 2, 994 5 Jim Harris, Vicksburg, Miss...... 1 Ra.pides...... ••...... 4, 678 449 Bill Pork:ma.n and Henry Williams, Brooks' l\!ill, Merriweather Red River ...... ~...... 1,679 78 County, North Carolina. (roasted) ...... 2 Richland ...... 1 287 63 May 6 Dan. Sale, Danbury, Go...... 1 Sabine...... 1: 441 2 10 1 Tensas...... ~6'1!1 113 13 ~~~~s~~~h~~~~~i!t~c~~np!~ia::::::::::::::::::::.·.:::::::::·.::::::::::::::::::: 1 Union...... 2,369 91 Colored man skinned alive, Craven County, North Oa.rolina...... l Vernon...... 947 ...... Colored woman, Rockahock, N.C...... 1 1 4 Allen Sturgis, McDuffie County, Georgia...... 1 ;:a~ ~:~~tf~~~~~·.:::::::::: : :::·::.:::·.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ' l~ : Juqe 11 James Foster, Henderson, Ky ...... 1 Winn...... 1, 196 283 9 Dennis Williams, Ellerville, FJa ...... 1 1------1------~ Wall ace ?.fitch ell, Syracuse, Kans _...... 1 60, 659 a, 413 21 J'ohn Risbee and WyleyLee, Chetopa., Kans ..... : ...... 2 July 15 Jno. Humphreys, Asheville, N.C...... 1 William Smith, near Christianburgh, Va...... 1 Mr. CHANDLER. The colored voters of Louisiana will certainly William Moore, Charlest-on, lll...... 1 find encouragement for voting the Democratic ticket when they con­ Robert Bryan, sixteen years of age, Smith Mills, Tenn ...... 1 template the long line of negro massacres which have taken place in Total number report~d to dale...... 108 f that State, beginning with the Mechanics' Institute massacre on the 30th of July, 1866, where two hundred persons were killed, the larger "Shall this barbarity continue until the God of retribution mart.lals hia portion of themnegroes, and where Dr. Dostie and everalotherwhite strength ~inst the barbarians?" 1888. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 7877

Mr. CHANDLER. It is now my desire to state briefly the princi­ whether prosecutions have been or ought to be instituted to punish any ples which it seems to me justify an investigation as proposed by the violations. resolution. I do not know that objection will be made to it, or that 4'. The investigation is called for to enable the Senate to determine it will be contended that it is not within the province of the Senate to whether legislation is demanded for the purpose of altering the regula· make the investigation. tions prescribed by Louisiana for the t=;lection of Representatives in Con­ One eminently justifiable object is thus stated in the resolution: gress. To see whether Louisiana has a republican form of government as the 5. There is a broader ground of inquiry, to see whether the State result of her recent April election. If not, her Legislature had no right of Louisiana properly performs her functions as a local government, to elect GIBSON or White or to perform any act of government; the with a view to remonstrating with her for her failure. The power to Senators should be reject.ed and legislation by Congress should provide investigate is not limited by the power to legislate. for· establishing a republican gov~rnment in Louisiana. I do not wish to enlarge, .Mr. President, upon these reasons, but to If the•facts are as they now appear ~pon the evidence which 1 have my mind they are each and all sufficient. oubmitted, such Congressional interference is imperatively called for. Mr. President, the transactions in Louisiana. to which I have called In this connection I submit a letter furnished to me, showing the un­ the attention of the Senate and of which I ask an iri.vestigation are a fairness of the Democratic apportionment and the kind of a Legislature part of an elaborate system adopted not merely in Louisiana but by the likely to result in Louisiana upon a fair election: Southern rulers of this nation for the wholesale suppression of the votes NEW ORLEANS, August 19,1888. of colored citizens in deliberate defiance of the fifteenth amendment of SIR: I addition to the facts conta ined in my letter of yesterday to you, I d esire the Constitution. Declarations innumerable might be cited in proof to state additionally, in reference to R-epublican representation in the General of the purpose of our Southern ma.sters, and that the national Democ­ Assembly of the State of Louisiana., that the same has been curtailed by the Dem­ ocrats through bulldozing a.nd ballot-box stuffing. The General Assembly is racy adopt their platform. I will refer only to a few in addition to the composed as follows: Senate, 26; house of representatives, 98; total,l24. In the Louisiana utterances already given. senat-e there are only 4 Republicans, when upon a free ballot and a. fair count In the Weekly Pelican of August 4, 1888, is an article which I send we should have 16 members a.t the very lowest. In the house of representatives we have 12 Republicans, when of a -verity we to the desk and ask the Secret.:'lry to read. . should have 60, as the following statement will show. The parishes enumerated The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read the article. are those reported by the secretary of state in his report of 1888 (a copy of which The Chief Clerk read as follo ~ s: I sent Senator INGALLS) as having a majority of blacks; consequently they are, when the votes are allowed to be cast without intimidation, Republican. THURMAN A 1\""EGRO HATER. . -\... _·_ Allen G. Thurman, tl1c Democratic candidate for Vice·Presidentof the United Stat e ~. was a negro bater before the wa1· and ha.s always been one since. In How represent-ed. 1867 he was a candidate for governor of j)hio, and here is a copy of the ticket Black as~~: , Parishes. majority. Demo- Repub- "DEMOCRATIC-WHITE MA~'S TICKET-IN FAVOR OF EQUAL TAXATION. crats. licans. - On constitutional amendment (giving negroes the right to vote and hold office). No. Ascension ...... 1,584 1 .. For governor-Allen G. Thurman. 643 2 "Lieutenantrgove1·nor-Daniel S. Uhl. ~~';.~R~s~~::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 316 2 "Treasurer of State-Cochran Fulton. Bossier...... 2,425 1 "Auditor of State-John McElwee. Caddo...... •...... 1, 77.6 2 "Att<>rney-general-Frank H. Hurd. Claiborne ...... •...... 93 2 "Supreme judge-Thomas M.Key. Concordia...... 2, 752 1 "Comptroller of the treasury-William Sheridan. jr. DeSoto ...... •.•...... 591 2 "Board of public works-Arthur Hughes." · East Baton Rouge...... 1,662 ...... i .. 2 Not satisfied with running on such a ticket (luckily he was defeated), he aaain East Carroll ...... 2,404 came to the front in 1868 with his negro-hating propensities, and in a speech de­ East Feliciana...... 85! 2 ...... •..•..•• livered at. Mansfield, Ohio, on J a nuary 21, he said: Franklin ...... 218 1 ...... "Of all the delusions I have ever known, the idea of political equality between Iberia ...... 866 1 ··············· the white and black races seems to me the greatest. For more than four thou­ Iberville...... 3.734 2 sand years the history of this world has been written, and in a.ll that time there Jefferson...... 10,072 ...... 2.. 1 is not a recorded annal of a civilized negro government; there is not one in­ 1\fadison...... 3,038 stance of political equality between the two races that has not proved injurious Morehouse ...... 1,592 t-o both; and yet it is pr_oposed to confer upon an inferior race the dominion Natchitoches ...... 666 1 ··············· over one-third of the Republic, and to make it a balance ·or power that nine Ouachita...... 1,826 12 ··•·••••...... •·•··•• . times out of ten would, for that reason, control the whole country. There can Plaquemines ...... 622 ...... i .. 1 be but one end to this scheme, if it be much longer prosecuted. It is impossi­ Pointe Conpee ...... 1,782 ble that the ra-ce to which we belong can submit to negro domination; it is im­ Red River ...... •...... 558 1 ··············· possible that so inferior a race as the negro can compete with the white man in Richland ...... 505 1 ...... the business much less the politics of the country. The extermination of the St. Bernard ...... - ···· ...... 77 1 ··············· negro or his expulsion from this country must be the inevitable result. of the ' St. Charles ...... 1,612 1 Radical policy if persisted in. But before t·ha.t happens what untold evils may St. James .. : ...... 1,565 1 await us? What anarchy,whatconfusion,what impoverishment, what. distress! St. John Baptist...... •...... 940 ...... 3 .. 1 ·worse than 1\Iexico, worse than the South American rep ublics will be the con­ St. Landry ...... 239 dition of a large portion of this country if that policy pre vails. St. Martin ...... 722 1 "And here let me caution you, my friends, that the question of negro suffrage St. 1\Iary...... 3,222 2 was not settled by your votes last October. It is true that you voted it down in Tensas ...... 3,707 2 Ohio, but it is equally true that what you refuse to permit here you are asked Terre Bonne ...... ••••••...... 759 ...... { 2 to impose upon others. lt is equally true that what you have solemnly con­ Webster ...... J71 demned a Radical Congress may impose upon you in spite of your condemna­ West Baton Rouge ...... 1,283 . 1 tion-impose upon you by an amendment to the Constitution of the United West Carroll ...... 67 1 States, ratified by other States, though rejected by Ohio. If you would guard 'Vest Felicia.na...... 2,250 1 against politicalequa Jit.y with the negro you must not be satisfied with sending its opponents to the Legislature of your own State, but you must keep its advo­ Total ...... ~ cates out of the halls ol Congress." Mr. CHANDLER. The minority of the Senate Reconstruction Com­ In addition to the above parishes, which are undoubtedly Republican, if in­ timidation and frauds are not resorted to, there are the parishes of Caldwell mittee of 1872 (Forty-second Congre..ote will affect the result of the elec­ life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as o. citizen on a legal equality tion. He may vote the Democratic ticket if he chooses; he can not with every other citizen. Without suffrage given the donation of free­ vote the -Republican ticket. And while suppressing the votes of the dom would have been a mockery and a snare. Without suffracre en­ colored people the Southern Democrats also smother the >otes of any ioyed, with suffrage permanently suppressed, the condition of the col­ white Republicans who may unhappily live within their borders. ored man at the South will grow worse and worse. B;is wages will be With this avowed and universal defiance of the fifteenth amendment kept low; he will be robbed of his earnings. Ignorance and degrada­ is the American Republic confronted on the threshold of the moment­ tion and semi-slavery will be his ultimate portion. ous Presidential election of 1888. Nqt then as a duty to the North, not out of w-atitude to the Repub­ The question thus presented is of more importance than any other lican party, which, while it has done much for the colored man, yet has now pending or which can be imagined as likely at any time to arise. weakly faltered in its wor.k, but as a duty to him elf, to his wife, to It is the fundamental question in a republic. Shall all legally quali­ his children, to his race, which is to multiply at the South until its :fied voters be allowed to vot-e n:s they choose and to have their votes hon­ numbers are as great as those of the sands upon the sea-shore, the estly counted? If the answer is to be in the negative, there is no re­ colored citizen must cling to the ballot and never cease his efforts to public. The Government is either that of a despot or of an oligarchy. vote for the principles and the candidates of his choice. Threatened with such a subversion of our institutions the whole nation If the Republicans of the North, who prescribed universal suffrage should arouse itself to meet the supreme issue which is of more im­ as the last and final condition of the settlement with the South for its vortance than banks or tariff, currency or commerce, lands or houses causeless and bloody rebellion, and embodied this condition in the or goods. Shall the vital principle of free suffrage embodied in our Con­ fifteenth amendment of the Constitution, have not the fidelity, per­ stitution be a living force in the Government or shall it be disregarded, sistency, and courage to demand and secure its observance, but submit trampled upon, and destroyed by means of murder and other violence, to its nullification by the oligarchy which now rules both theNorth and fulse returns, and other frauds, adopted as ordinary political methods the South; and if they thus abandon the colored people to the wrongs by the Southern Democrats to enable them to again control and govern and oppressions which now encompass them, they will deserve no bet­ the no.tion which they tried to destroy by secession and destructive ter fate than to have the whips and the fetters from which Abraham and bloody civil war? If the nation will not meet and rightly settle Lincoln freed the bondmen applied to their own backs and clasped this issue, which is above and beyond all other issues, it cares not for upon their own limbs. republicanism; it is unworthy of either liberty or prosperity. Mr. President, I ask permission to insert as an appendix a petition The question is of immense importance to the North. Shall the of Frederick Veazey, to which I adverted, and a previous pape:r on this South control the nation by unfair, dishonest, and unconstitutional general subject prepared by me and heretofore published. methods, and w bile thus kept in power attack and destroy Northern in­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair hears no objection. dustries? From 1800 to 1860 the South, with the exception of the four APPE NDIX. years of John Quincy Adams, governed the nation either by Southern [The Weekly Pelican, New Orlea.na, La., Saturday, May 19, 1888.] Presidents or by Northern Presidents who were tools of the South. They TliE FRAUD EXPOSED-illERIA PARISH RETURNED DEliOCRATIC SH OWN TO nAVEl believed they controlled Mr. Adams when they elected him, and for GONE REPUBLICAN-VEAZEY, REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE F OR SIIERIFF OF IBERIA his subsequent independence they deprived him of a second term. The PARISH, FILES A CONTEST AND SHOWS THE DIRTY WOI!K UP-'l'UE PETITION IN South was able thus to control the Government for the sixty years be­ FULL. To the honm·aole the JudgtJ of the Twenty-fir:;t fore the slave-holders' rebellion because they had additional Congres­ ,Judicia& District Court, in and for ih3 Par ish of l be1'ia : sional and electoral representation based upon three-fifths of the col­ The petit.ion of Frederick Veazey, a citizen of the State of Louisiana-, a duly ored population. They sought to extend slavery into free territory. qualified voter thereof in the parish of Iberia, and a r esident thereof, with re­ spect shows: That in pursuance of the laws of the State a general election was When the North resisted they brought on the deadly civil.war which held throughout the State on the lith day of April,1888, for the offices of sheriff at last resulted in freedom and in suffrage for the colored people. '.fhen of the several parishes, among other offices. That your .I!etitioner was a candi­ the South assumed grea.ter Congressional and electoral representation date for the office of sherifi' of the parish of Iberia at said election, and t.hat Al­ than ever, based upon the five-fifths of the colored population. As fred G. Barnard was a candidate for the same office in opposition to your peti- tioner. , soon as possible they suppressed the votes of the whole colored race, Now, petitioner avers that with a fair, free, honest, and peaceable election he and by doing this ever since 1874, excepting inoneCongress, theyhave would have been returned elected to said office by a majority of over 400 votes. That in order to defeat your petitioner fraud, violence, and intimidation were controlled the nationa~ House of Representatives, and in 1884 they used at the Third, Fourth, F ifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Nin th w ards, which will took possession of the Presidency. more fully a p pear on the trial of this case. • A fuir estimate of the representation in the national House and in That the election throughout the parish, with the ex ception of the First, Sec­ ond, and Seventh wards, was a ntost shameful fraud p erpetrated by the com­ the electoral colleges, based upon three-fifths of the colored popula­ missioners of election and returning officer, thereby defeating the will of th6 tion, is 24; add 16 for the other two-fifths, and 40 is to-day the num­ people in its choice of parish officers. ber of Southern Representatives and electors based upon that popula­ That the returning officer fraudulently and illegally made r eturns to the sec­ tion; and the increase of 16 has been given to the South as a reward retary of state of the gen eral result of t he election for the office ofsherift afore­ said to bfl as follows, 11amely: Total vote for Alfred G. Barnard, 1,775; total for their causeless and bloody rebellion. These 40 votes were in 1884 vote for Frederick Veazey, 377; thus giving the said Barnard, candidate for all cast for . Cleveland for President; 19 of them would have chosen sheriff for said parish, au apparent majority of 1,398 votes. 1888. CON~RESSIONAL ~OORD-=SENATE.

Now, petitioner avers that the said return 'is illegal and false anCl fails to show That the "statement of votes" made of the election in said Sixth ward nre the t-rue and correct state of the vote of the parish in so far as the office ofsheriff null and void and of no effect, because it is not signed nor sworn to by theJlaid is concerned, for the following reasons, all of which were and are fully known collllllissioners as the law directs. to tbe returning officers: Petitioner further avers that at the Eighth ward, by the false, illegal, and fuudu­ That at all the precincts of the parish of Ibe.ria no commissioners of the party lent returns of election, his opponent is made to appeat· as having received opposed to those in power were appointed in order to assist in holding the elec­ 8\J votes, and none for your petitioner; that in truth, as will fully appear on the tion as required by law. trial of this case, less than 30 voters cast their votes in said ward and that the It being openly boasted by the leaders of the Democratic party of the parish voting-box was stuffed with :ballots not voted, w ith the knowledge and con­ of Iheria that the only way to de feat your petitioner and the other Republican nivance of the commissioners of election. cand idates in said parish w as by fraud and counting out, your petitioner, Petitioner further avers that at the Ninth ward, by the false, illegal, and fraudu­ four or five days previous to the election, in company with the candi.:iate for lent returns of election his opponent is made to appear as having received a ma­ clerk of the district court, called on the said returning officer and demanded the jority of 455 votes, when in truth, as will fully appear on the triad. of this case, appointment of commissioners to represent the Republican party at each vot­ with a free, honest, and peaceable election, your petilioner would'have defeated ing p recinct as required by law, which request was refused by the said return­ his said opponent by a majority of 300 votes, but in order to defeat your peti­ ing officer, thereby showing that fraud was intended throughout the parish; tioner fraud, violence, and intimidation were resorted to. that if fraud and "ballot-box stuffing" were not intended there could have been That at the said ninth ward in said parish, the commissioners so arranged the no valid or legal objection to the presence of a. Republican commissioner at · voting-box: that it could not be distinctly seen by any person but themselves. each voting precinct as required by law. That they precluded all entrance to the room in which the voting was done, On the day previous to the election your petitioner again called on the re· by locking the door thereof and ex:cludi•· gall oth er persons. turning officer and asked to be simply furnished with a list of commissioners of That no commissioners of opposing political pa rty w ere appointed or served, 1- election appointed by said returning officer, for each voting precinct, which was all being of one political party. . l'efused by the:said t·eturning officer, all in direct violation of the election laws of That the voting-box was "stuffed" with ballots not voted, with the knowledge the State, which require th'lt the appointment and selection of said commis­ and connivance of the commissioners of election• . sioners shnll be made at least ten days and published at least six days previous That at snid Ninth ward the commissioners fraudulently continued to hold to the election. an unfair election and to make false returns with a ·view to defeat your peti­ I Petitioner avers that at the second ward in said parish there was a fair, free, tioner. and legal election; that there were thereat on the day of election castfor sher­ Petitioner therefore avers that the returns made of the election held on the iff aforesaid 215 votes by the voters of the ward, of which, after due and proper 17th day of April, 1888, and the votes cast at the First, Second, and Seventh wards count, 156 votes were returned cast for your petitioner as candidate for sheriff should be counted. aforesaid, and 46 votes for Alfred G. Barnard, his opponent; that no legal or That the returns made of the election of the Third ward should both be re­ valid reason exists why the said votes should not be counted; that due return jected and ignored in the counts as fraudulent and illegal. thereof was made by the commissioners of election of said ward, but that not­ That the returns made of the election of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and withstanding the returning officer of the parish, in violation of the law and of Ninth wards should both be rejected and ignored in the counts asfraudulent and p·etitioner's t·ights, and with a view to defeat his election, did fraudulently, cor­ illegal, and the following substituted for such illegal and fraudulent returnS'; to ruptly, and illegally disregard the votes cast, as aforesaid, and ignore them from wit: Third ward, Alfred G. Barnard, 72 votes; l<'rederick Veazey, 148 votes; his return; that in law and justice these votes should be counted, and the pe- fourth ward, Alfred G. Barnard, 131 votes; Frederick Veazey, 67 votes; fifth titioner is entitled to the full benefit and effect of their count. · ward, Alfred G. Barnard, 128 votes; Frederick. Veazey, 253 votes; sixth ward, Petiti,mer further avers that at the 'l'hird ward his opponent is made to Alfred G. Barnard, 337 votes; Frederick Veazey, 445 votes; eighth ward, Alfred appear as having received a majority of votes, when in truth with a fair, free, G. Barnard, 28 votes; Frederick Veazey, 6 votes; ninth ward, Alfred G. Bar­ and honest election, your petitioner's majority would have been at least 75 nard, 156 votes; Frederick Veazey, 458. votes; That in order to defeat the will of the people, the voting precinct was Petitioner avers that a petition signed by at least 20 voters of the parish of placed on the west side of the bayou, on which side there are only about 12 Iberia, asking the court to examine the facts of the e1ecfion in so far as your voters residing, and the voters on the east side of the bayou in order to cast' petitioner's candidacy is concerned and to decide thereon, has been presented their votes had to cross Bayou Teche on a ferry or flatboat owned by a. Demo­ to the court and filed according· to law. . crat, who refused to cross over said voters unless they had in their hands a Demo­ Finally he avers that the emoluments of the office in controversy exceed $3,000 cratic ticket and pledged themselves to vote said ticket and against your peti­ per annum. tioner, thereby depriving a large majority of the voters of said ward from casting Wherefore, the premises considered, petitioner prays that Alfred G. Barnard their votes for your petitioner, and to deprive him of the office to which he be cited to appear and answer this petition according to law and after due pro­ would have been legally elected, with an honest-, fair, free, and peaceable elec­ ceedings and trial by jury as provided by law, tha t it may please the court to tion. decree and adjudge that the pretended returns of the alleged elections at the Petitioner further avers that at the Fourth. ward, b:r "ballot-~ox: stuffing," third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth wards are fraudulent, illegal, null and the false and fraudulent returns of election at satd ward, hts opponent is and void, and be entirely rejected from the count of votes at the election of made to appear as having received a majority of 234 votes, when in truth as April17, 1888, in the pa rish of Iberia. for candidates for sheriff of said parish, will appear on the trial of this case, less than 200 voters cast their votes and the following substituted for such illegal and fraudulent return, to wit: out of which your petitioner received 67 votes, an'i his opponent received Third ward,Alfred G.Barnard, 72 votes,FrederickVeazey,148votes; fourth ward, 131 votes. That the commissioners of election at said ward precluded all en- · Alfred G. Barnard, 131 votes, Frederick Veazey, 67 votes; fifth ward, Alfred G. tmnce to the room in which the voting was done, by locking the door thereof Barna.rd,128votes, Frederick Veazey,253 votes; sixth ward Alfred G. Barnard, and excluding all other officers and persons. That no commissioner of oppos­ 337votes, Frederick Veazey, 445 votes; eighth ward, Alfred G. Barnard, 28 votes, ing political party was named or served, all being of the Democratic party. Frederick Veazey, 6 votes; ninth ward, Alfred G. Barnard,156 votes, Frederick · That the returns, if any, made of the election in said Fourth ward are null Veazey, 458 votes. That the returns made of the votes cast at the second ward void, and of no effect, because tbe pretended "tally-sheets and statements of are proper and legal and that said votes shall be counted for the respective votes," now on file in the clerk's offic: e of this parish, are not sworn to bythe said candidates for sheriff aforesaid, in accordance with theretm·ns thereof. pretended commissioners as the law directs. '!'hat petitioner be decreed and adjudged to have been elected sheriff for the Petitioner further avers that at the Fifth ward, by the false returns of election parish of Iberia, at the election of Aprill7, 1888, an d entitled to the office accord­ his opponent is made to appear as having received a ma,jori.ty of 35 votes ove~ ing to law, and that he have judgment to that effect, against said Alfred G. Bar­ your petitioner, when in truth, as will appear on the trial of this case, with a fair nard. free, honest, and peaceable election your petitioner's majority would ha;e beerl And he prays fo-r costs and for g eneral relief ns in duty bound. ove1·125 vote.'!, but in order to defeat yom·petitioner and the will of the people A.. & C . .F ONTELIEU, fraud, vtolence, and intimidation was used. Attorneys for Pelitionm·. That the commissioners ali said ward ft·audulently deprived duly qualified " OUR MODERN SOUTHER~ MASTERS." voters from casting their votes, unless !;laid voters wonld cast their votes against the Republican candidates and against your petitioner, all of which will more [An article by l\Ir. CHANDLER in the Forum for July, 1888.] fully appear on the trial of this case. The political control of the United States is now in the bands of a Southen1 That at the said Fifth ward the R~publican leaders and voters were clubbed oligarchy as persistent and unrelenting as was that which plunged the nation and driven away from the poll by the Democrats with the use of rifles, shot­ into the slave-holders' rebellion. Its members own President Cleveland, con­ guns, and pistols. That the ;otcrs throughout the said Fifth ward were not.ified stitute the majority in the national House of Representatives, and include 24 - by "Democratic couriers" that if they came to ;ote it would be at the risk of of the 37 Democrats of the Senate, where 3!3Northern Republicans, aided by1 their lives, all of which will more fully appear on the trial of this case. from the South, precariously hold nominal control. This complete Southern \ Petitioner further avers that at the Sixth ward in said parish, by t·he false ille­ domination of the Government is as evidently founded on the colored people of gal, and fraudulent returns of election his opponent, Alfred G. Barnard, is ~ade the South as it was when the cries and groans of the bondmen invoked the •to appeaJ; as having received a majority of 305 votes, when in truth, with a free, vengeance of heaven on their oppressors. 'fair, honest, and peaceable election, your petitioner would have defeated his op­ Then, as now, t;he negroes entered into the basis of repre.o;entation in Congress jponent by a majority of at least 100 votes. Petitione1· further avers that at the and the electoral colleges. Now, as then, the negroes have no voice or vote in said Sixth ward in said parish the polling place was held at the court-house in the elections; but the white men vote for them and wield their power, and the town of New Iberia, and the commissioners of election so arranged the ..;ot­ thereby rule the North and the nation. The excuse offered for thus trampling ing box that it could not be distinctly seen by any person but themselves. ruthlessly, by mt!.rder aud fraud, upon the right of suffrage as g uarantied by the That they precluded all entrance to the room in which the voting was done fifteenth amendment to the Constitution is that negro suffrage would produce by locking the door thereof and gratin.g the windows whore the voters casted negro supremacy, and negro supremacy would curse the country. Is this at- their votes. tempted justification of wrong and crime sufficient? · That no commissioner of opposing political party was appointed or served all In an article in the Forum for June Senator WADE HAMPToN attempts to es­ being of one political party, in direct violation of the laws of the State. ' tablish the proposition that the "political supremacy of the negro" wonld in­ Petitioner further avers that·the said court-house wherein the election was volve "total and absolute ruin to the South., and infinite and irreparable loss to held in the said Sixth ward was in possession of the State militia from the the whole country." In proof of this assertion, with which he begins his article, opening of the poll on the 17th day of April to the 18th day of April, 1888. he recounts the history of South Carolina when" turned over to the negroes and That the members of said militia and others were armed with rifles and shot­ their carpet-bag allies," and he makes this recital his whole contribution. g~n s and !Dade all.kinds of demonstratio~s in said .build~g and through the Believing as I do that the bestowal of suffrage upon the negro, whatever the Jwmdows 1n full v1ew of the voters of satd ward, d1schargmg and firing said consequences to the South, was an overwhelming and inevitable necessity un­ guns, a~d in general by clubbing, striking, and driving the voters from the poll der the circumstances then ex:isting,it is not necessary for me to controvert the ·and ta.kmg by force of arms tickets from their hands, saying, "Unless yon vote truth of the charge that the first civil government established iQ. South Carolina, the Democratic ticket you can not vote here." at the close of the bloody rebellion which that State had bP-gun (whi~h govern­ Petitioner further avers that on the grated window through which the voters ment, solely through the fault and malevolence of the white rebels, was com­ casted their vot-es was a label containing the following words, namely, "What is posed of a large majority of loyal negroes), fell into corrupt practices, deserv:­ the use?" the meaning of which was that it was useless to vote. ing a portion at least of the characterizations which have constituted the Petitioner further avers that numerous parties voted whose names were not sole excuse fora forcible overthrow of that government by the white Democrats, on the poll-book and who were not residents and voters of this parish. quite as unj nstifiable and cruel in its character as their original secession and That the voting-box was stuffed wilh ballots not voted, with the knowledge war against the Union. and connivance of the commissioners of election. That at said Sixth ward the It may be that, in the providence of God, the temporary ascendancy of the commissioners of election fraudulently continued to hold an unfair election negro was designed as a special chastisement of the guilty authors of the re­ with a. view to defeat your petitioner and to deprive him of the office to which bellion, and that the sins of the fathers were intended t.o be visited upon the with a fair, free, and peaceable election he would have been legally elected. ' children, even unto- the third and fouxth generations. Consider the 1amenta.­ That the returns, if any, made of the election in said Sixth ward are null, void, tion of President Lincoln: and of no effect, because the pretended "tally-sheets" now on file in the clerk's "The Almighty has his own purposes. 'Woe unto the world because of of­ office of this parish are not sworn to by the said pretended commissioners as the fenses, for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom la. w directs. the offense cometh.' If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those • 7880 CONGRESSIONAL REC.ORD-SENATE. AUGUST 23, offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having issue with, and negatived that of, President Johnson, by requiring the addit.ion continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He to the latter of the fourteenth amendment. That amendment merely provided- gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by 1. That no person who had been in Congress, or a Uni~d States or State offi­ whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any depart.ure f1·om those di­ cer, and bad, therefore. sworn to support the United States Constitution, nod had vine attributes which the believers in a loving God always ascribe to him? afterward become a rebel, should be capable of holding office unless Congress Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may should by a two-thirds vote remove his disability. speedily pass away.. Yet if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled 2. That if in any State the right to vote should be denied on acoount of color, by the bondmen's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, its right of representation in the lower House of Congress and in the electoral and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another colleges s.hould be proportionately reduced. drawn with the sword, so still it must be said, 'the judgments of the Lord are Before 1\farch, 1867, the fourteenth amendment had been adopted by twElnty­ true and righteous altogether.'" one loyal States, which, with Iowa and Nebraska afterward acting, made twenty­ .Any defense of the so-called negro and carpet-bag government of South Caro­ three States, five less than the three-fourths of all the S~ates necessary to 1·atifi.-· lina may well be left to Daniel H. Chamberlain, its refugee governor. He has catjon. It bad been negatived by Delaware, 1\faryland, and Kentucky, and was meekly kissed the hand which smote him, and is now a New York City Demo­ unceremoniously. rejected by ten insurrectionary States, as follows: crat., a maligner of the Republican pa1·ty and a defender or apologist for every crime of t lle :Pemocratic party. .Another similar outcast, ex-Governor Rufus ll. Bullock, has purchased his peace and a safe return to Georgia by publicly ad­ Vs. vocating, while yet claiming to be a Republican, the deliberate abandonment I For. by the North of the fifteenth amendment. . The account given by James S. Pike, of Maine, of the" Black Parliament" Senate ...... of South Carolina, which makes a large share of 1\Ir. HA1riPTo:.'s proofs, was T exas, 0 cot b er, 1866 ...... H ouse ... 5 """'"67 written in the winter of 1872-'73, directly after the disastrous defeat of Horace } 36 Greeley, whom 1\Ir. Pike bad followed into the Democratic party because of Georgia, November, 18G6...... ~~~st:::: g 131 tho Republican policy of reconstruction; and his narrative is necessarily in­ 44 tended as a justification of himself and 1\Ir. Greeley, and is an exag-geration and North Carolina, December, 18G6 ...... {~~ua::::: 1~ 93 caricat.ure. The redeeming features of "negro rule" he and 1\Ir. HAMPTON wholly omit: Mr. George \V. Cable wisely reminds us that the reconstruction South Carolina, December, 18136...... ~~uas~::: ""'"i' ...... "95 party, though the upper ranks of society warred "as fiercely against its best . Senate... 0 20 }Jrinciples as against its bad practices, planted the whole South with public Flor1da, December, 1866...... H ouse ... o 49 schools for the poor and illiterate of both races, welcomed and cherished the Alabama, December, 1866 ...... {SHenate... 2 27 missionaries of higher education, and when it fell,left t.hem still both systems, ouse ... 8 69 with the master-class converted ton. belief in their use and necessity." 24 (See Mr. Cable's thoughtful, philosophical, and candid article on "Tile Ntgro Arkansas, Dccen1ber, 18613 ...... I~~~~~::: ~ 68 Question," published f:irst in the New York Tribune, and lately by the .American Unan. Missionary Society, 56 Reade street, New York City.) Virginia, January, 1867 ...... ~~ua::::: """}' The constitutions and the governments established in the Southern States M1sstss1ppt,. : . . Januar.},• 1867...... Senate..H . 0 27 under the reconstruction policy ofthe Republican party have all been t-orn down ouse .. . 0 88 by fraud, violence, and murder; and these revolutions have been submitted to Louisiana, February,1867 ...... : ...... by the complaisant Northern people, tired of war and controversy,and anxious Unan. for commerce and money. 'l'he immediate question now is not one of negro supremacy,. but of white equality; not whether the negro shall be the political The Democratic party of the North persistently opposed the fourteenth superior of the white man at the South, but whether the white Southerner shall ·amendment-. Ohio and New Jersey, which, while they were Republican States, be the political superior of every citizen at the North. had adopted it, subsequently became Democratic and rejected it. But the six His necessary to look at the case historically. President Johnson began re­ States of Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, and constmction with a proclamation, May29, 1865, granting wholesale amnesty and Alabama. wl:ien reconstructed, adopted it, and July 20, 1868, Secretary Seward, pardon, and absolute impunity for their t.reason to all the rebels except certain in a characteristic paper, certified that it was ratified by twenty-nine States, if specified classes, who were probably not one-tenth of the Southern whites, and Ohio and New Jersey had no right to retract. July 21, 1868, Con2'ress declared he promised special pardons to the excepted persons. .At the same time be au­ it ratified, the Senate without a count, the House by 125 yeas to 32 Democratic thorized and directed the re-esta.blishmeht of the Southern State governments. nays. June 30,1868, Frank P. Blair, who became Democratic candidate for Vice· The only conditions which he imposed were that each State should assent to the President, declared that" there is but one way to restore the Government and thirteenth amendment abolishing slavery, and should repudiate all rebel war the Constitution. and that is by the President elect to declare these acts null debts. Under these circumstances the Southern States made rapid work in re­ and void, compel the Army to undo its usurpations at the South, disperse the construction; and when the Thirty~ninth Congt·ess assembled in December, carpet-bag Stale governments, allow the white people to reorganize their own 1865, Senators and Representat.ives appeared from the late insurrectionary States, governments and elect. Senators and Representatives. The House of Repre­ headed by .Alexander H. Stephens, the late vice-president of the Southern Con­ sentatives will contain a majority of Democrats from the North, and they will federacy. Legislating for the freedmen thtl Southern Legislatures had enacted admit the Representatives elected by the white peeple of the South, and, with infamous labor laws almost as restrictive and oppressive as slavery itself. the co-operation of the President, it will not be difficult to compel the Senate to .Although alarmed at President Johnson's policy and its results, Congress submit once more to the obligations of the Constitution." The Seymour and took no hasty action. June 18, 1866, the report from the Committee on Recon­ Blair cou ven tion of 1868 declared as follows: "We regard the reconstruction struction was made, signed by W. P. Fessenden, James W. Grimes, Ira Harris, acts, so called, of Congress as such, as usurpations, unconstitutional. revolution­ J. l\1. Howard, George H. Williams, ThRddeus Stevens, Elihu B. 'Vashburne, ary, and void." .And as late us February 6,1879, Senator, now Mr. Justice Lamar, Jus1.'IN S. MoRRILL, John A. Bingham, Roscoe Conkling, GeorgeS. Boutwell, and Senators Bayard and Garland, voted "no" on the proposition that the con­ and Henry T. Blow. stituti<.-nal amendments had been legally ratified and that Congress ought to The following extracts from that report show the reason why the loyal North, protect all qualified citizens in the right to vote for Rep1·esentatives in Congress. 11.s a condition of recognizing President Johnson's reconstructed governmen ls It was, therefore, found impossible to make the fourteenth amendment a part 3n the rebel States, determined to propose and demand nothing less than the of the Constitution under the Johnson plan of reconstruction. This defiant re­ adoption of the fourteenth amendment: · jection of the fourteenth amendment by the rebel States and the Democratic "By an original provision of the Constitution representation is based on the party, aided by President Johnson, who had betrayed and abandoned theRe· whole number of free persons in each State, and three-f:ifths of all other persons. publican party, took place before March 23, 1867, the date of the fil'st of the re­ When all become free, representation for all necessarily follows. .As a conse­ construction measures of Congress looking t-oward negro suft'J·age. A fair esti­ quence, the inevitable effect of the rebellion would be to increase the political mate of the representation in the national House and in the electoral colleges, power of the insurrectionary States whenever they should be allowed to resume based upon three-fifths of the colored population, is 24; add 16 for the other their position as States of the Union. * * * It did not seem just or proper two-fifths, and 40 is to-day the number of Southern Representatives and elect­ that all the political advantages derived from their becoming free should be or3 based upon that population; and under the Democratic plan of reconstruc­ confined to their former masters, who bad fought against the Union, and with­ tion the increase of 16 was to be given to the South as a reward for theh· cause­ held from themselves, who had always been loyal. Slavery, by building up a less and bloody rebellion. These 40 votes were, in 1884, all cast for Cleveland ruling and dominant class, had prQduced a spirit of oligarchy ad verse to repub­ for President; 19 of them would have chosen Blaine, and all the colored men lican inslitutions, which finally inaugurated civil war, The tendency of con­ entitled to wield the power of these votes earnestly desired to e1fect Blaine's tinuing the domination ofsuch a class, by leaving it in the exclusive possession elect,ion. Of the 40 votes 10 would have made the present House of Represent­ of politica.I power, would t e to encourage the same spirit, and lead to a similar atives Republican, and would avert all danger of the passage of the Mills tariff result. bill which is threatening so many .American industries. • •• * * * The question before Congress is then whether conquered enemies It was simply impossible that the victorious North should submit to such an have the right, and shall be permitted at their own pleasure and on their own immediate return to national political power of Southern rebels. Language can terms to participate in making laws for their conquerors; whether conquered not add to ibe forcible expressions on this point in the reconstruction report, rebels may change their theater of operations from the battle-field, where they already quoted, from the pen of that strong and brilliant writer and speaker, were defeated and overthrown, to the balls of CongTes and through their rep­ William Pitt Fessenden. There were but two courses pos!;iible: One to keep resentatives seize upon the Government which they fought to destroy; whether the Southern States for an indefinite period under military domination; the the national Treasury, the Army of the nation, its Navy, its forts. and arsenals, other to organize Southern civil governments upon some plan which would af­ its whole civil administration, its credit, its peusioners, the widows and orphans ford justice and protection to the colored people and security against increased of those who perished in the war, the public honor, peace, and safety shall all Southern power and rebel rule in the nation. Continued military control w~s be turned over to the keeping of its recent enemies without delay and without repugnant to both NorthandSouth,and found few advocates. Therefore there imposing such conditions as, in the opinion of Congress, the security of the inevitably came the reconstruction measures of Congress, based upon manhood country and its institutions may demand. The history of mankind exhibits no suffrage. This, whether wise or unwise, the Southern lenders brought upon example of such madness and folly. themselves by their contumacy and obstinacy in demanding to control, with The instinct of self-preservation protests against it. The surrender by Grant more than their old power, that country which by deadly wa1· they bad fought to Lee and by Sherman to Johnston would have been disasters of less magni­ for four years to destroy. tude, for new armies could have been raised, new battles fought, and the Gov­ It also seems clear, after this lapse of years and with all our experiences, good ernment saved. The anti-coercive policy which, under pretext of avoiding and bad, of negro suffrage, that it was right and best in itself. '.rbe Southern bloodshed, allowed the rebellion to _take form and gather force, would be sur­ whites, during their brief period of reconstruction under Presid~nt Johnson's passed in infamy by the matchless wickedness that would now surrender the plan, had shown that they accepted the abolition of slavery as a form merely, Halls of Congress to those so recently in rebellion until proper precautions shall and that, by means of atrocious vagt•ant and labo1·la.ws, they intended again to have been taken to secure the national faith and the national safety. * * * reduce the colored race to a state not far removed from slavery. Your committee came to the conclusion that political power should be pos­ Without suffrage for the negro Northern public sentiment and honor would sessed in all the States exactly in proportion as the right of suffrage should have demanded the constant interposition of theFedorul power in the Southern be granted, without distinction of color or race. This it was thought would States for the protection of the always loyal and now free colored citizene. The leave the whole question with the people of each State, holding out to all the Southern whites would have broken any promises which they might ha,·e made, advantage ofinct·eased political power as an inducement to allow all to partici­ and would have evaded or defied any national laws not enforced by Federal offi­ pate in its exercise. Such a provision would be in its nature gentle and persua­ cials. A perpetual irritation would have resulted from the measures of national sive, and would lead, it was hoped, at no distant day, to an equal participation protection extended to the disfranchised colored people. Any expedient for of all, without distinction, in all the rights and privileges of citizenship, thus their protection which did not iQ.cludc the ballot in their own hands would have affording a full and adequate protection to all classes of citizens, since all would proved futile. have, through the ballot-box, the power of self-protection. Senator HAMPTON, in 1879, said: · In accordance with these views the Republican Congressional plan of recon­ "When the negro was made a citizen it followed as a logical consequence, struction adopted in June (by the Senate, 33 to 11-by the Hou.se,l38 to 36) took l!Jlder the theory of our institutions, that he must become a voter. My objection ' 1888. -. c·ONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-SENATE. 7881

to his enfranchisement, therefore. is confined to the time when and the mode the Sonth, and unlimited corruption and fra.ud in New York City, can retain it. in which this privilege was conferred upon him." If another Democratic administration is elected the Nort.hern people will soou In 1888 we find him laboring to prove that "negro supremacy would bring realize what the new Southern control involves, and will be loaded to the full disgrace and ruin to any State of the Union, and would be a perpetual menace with the burdens of which our Southern masters during the last three years to our republican institutions." His point is difficult to understand. Since have imposed only a small part. . 1871), when he became governor of South Carolina, the votes of the negroes of 'Vill the North consent submissively to a perpetual political control of the that State have been effectually suppressed, and for twelve years there has been country based upon a flagrant disregard and defiance of one ot the principal no danger oi what he calls" negro supremacy." Has the time yet come when fundamental conditions upon which the war was terminated, and which is now the privilege of suffrage can be conferred upon the colored men of South Caro­ a part of the Federal Constitution? Let it be borne in .mind-it can not be lina. and they be allowed freely to exerc:se it without the danger of'.' negro su­ too often repeated-that if the Constitution were in force Blaine, instead of premacy?" Doubtless not, in Mr. HAMPTON'S opinion; and such a time never Cleveland, would now be President, and the national House would be Repub­ will come so long as those colored men persist in the desire to vote with the licnn and in favor of protection instead of Democratic and in favor of the Mills Republican party. When they decide to give up their efforts to vote as they bill. If the colored citizens could vote and have their votes counted as cast, please, and conclude to vote as Mr. HAMPToN wishes them to do, the" time the election next fall would, with hardly the form of a contest, be Republican, when and the mode in which" will in his o'pinion have arrived, and their Yotes and on the 4th of March, 1889, Cleveland would surrender the executive power will cease to threaten" negro supremacy," "disgrace and ruin" to t)le State, to a Republican President, who would be sustained by a Congress Republican and to be "a perpetual menace to our republican institutions." in both branches. In adoption of manhood suffrage as the basis of reconstruction there was in­ Although in the coming contest the votes of the negro will be unconstitution­ cluded no injurious proscription of the whites. All male citizens twenty-one ally suppressed, and the South perhaps solidly Democratic, our Southern mas­ years of age were allowed to vote and_to hold office in the-conventions to frame ters can be defeated if the commercial interests of the country are sufficiently constitutions, except the limited class disqualified from holding office by the aroused. They will do well to take the alarm. The indifference of the busi­ proposed fourteenth amendment. The constitutions so -made left the right of ness men of the North to the encroachments of slav'ery made the war possible, suffrage in the hands of the great mass of Southern whites. If they had freely and compelled the expenditure of six thousand millions to preserve the Union. and in good temper part-icipated in the work of reconstruction, all the bad gov­ It is better to protect our industries by a contest now, when they are yet unde­ ernment of which so much com plaint has been made would have been a>oided. stroyed, than to fight to restore them after they have been stricken down and But the Southerners who had perjured themselves to become rebels, and who chains are riveted upon our limbs. were therefore under limited and temporary disfranchisement, were sullen and If victory is achieved, the conditions of reconstruction enforced, obedience to indignant. the constitution in all its parts compelled, and the vote of the Northern man, They were encouraged by the utterances of theNorthern Democrats, and were whit·e or bla.Ck, made equal tl) that of the Southern man, white or black, neither renewing with them their former political relations, with the view again to rule the North nor the South need fear negro supremacy. the nation by a solid South allied with a contingent of Northern Congre~ional Manhood suffrage was first tried immediately after a war, made by the mas­ and electoral votes. They kept the white men aloof from reconstruction. They ters to strengthen their bold on their slaves, had resulted in the discomfiture ot stigmatized as a "carpet-bagger" every Northern man who for any purpose the former and the freedom of the latter, but had disorganized society. In its made his home in lhe new free South and became a Republican. They even reorganization the late masters refused to participate; the freedmen went more bitterly denounced as a" scalawag" any Southern white man who joined ahead and did as well as they could. The failure, if it be such, of the first ex- · in orb,ranizing civil government. They preferred anarchy and chaos to impar­ periment, will not be repeated under new conditions and better auspices. The tial sutrrage. They never for one moment rendered true allegiance to the new charge that the two races can not live side by side in the Southern States in governments, and as soon as they dared they began to tear them down by vio­ political equality, the voters of each race freely participating in all elections, lence and political murders. has not been proved. It is a mere clamor raised to excuse the suppression of This page of American history is more disgraceful, if possible, than were the the negro vote in order to obtain partisan power in State and nation. Wher­ crimes of slavery and rebellion. The bloody deeds planned and incited by cruel ever the experiment of impartial suffrage has been tried with any approach and brutal men, w_ho yet claimed to be civilized and refined, and who even now to fairness and good-will on the part of the whites, it has been remarkably suc­ consider themselves the only natural rulers of free America, can never be hid­ cessful. The colored men are not aggressive; they are docile, well-djsposedi den or obscured by interposing the faults and defects of those loyal govern­ and anxious, if allowed to enjoy what they know to be their constitutiona ments under which a race of slaves, Q.naided, despised and hated by their un­ rights, to live peacefully witl). their white neighbors. repentant and unsubdued late masters, were slowly groping their way from a They submit 'readily to what is sometimes to them so offensively called the condition allied to that of the brutes up to manhood, from bondage to libert.y, superior intelligence of the whites. They do not seek social equality. They and from ignorance to knowledge, performing as well and nobly as they could are patient and long-suffering. But they will never permanently abandon the their new duties of freemen and citizens. ballot, and whenever they reach the polls they will insist upon their right to The State of Louisiana will always be dishonored by the political massacres vote the Republican ticket if they so wish. '.rheir interests and _their desires of the 1\fechanies' Institute, of Bossier, Caddo, St. Landry, l:;t. Bernard, Colfax make them an ever-eager army of seven millions of people seeking i.heir rights Parish, Grant Parish, Coushatta, Catahoula, Tensas, and Ouachita; the State under the fifteenth amendment. In ad~tion to this pressure, the manhood, of South Carolina by those of Hamburgh and Ellenton; and the State of Mis­ the dignity, the self-respect, and the honor of all citizens of the North require sissippi by those of Clinton, Copiah, and Kemper; and the records of the Ku­ that they should compel our modern Southern masters to desist from their at­ klux outrages, the cruelties, the assassinations, and the frauds which character­ tempt perpetually to rule, through crimes against the black man and against ized the destruction by the Southern Democrats encouraged by Northern Demo­ the Constitution, that country which they wickedly but vainly tried to destroy crats, of the only lawful and the first free governments of the South are, with­ in order to fasten more firmly the chains of slavery, and t.o extend its accursed out exception, the most shameful and infamous in the annals of civilized hu­ power and influence into the Territories of the Union. manity. The words of Reverdy Johnson, a Democrat, while unsuccessfully defending before a jury some of the Kuklux ruffians, will bear repeating: HOUSE BILL REFERRED. "I have listened with unmixed horror to some of the testimony which has The bill (H. R. 3060) granting right of way to the Pima Land and been brought before you. The outrages proved are shocking to humanity; they admit of neither excuse nor justification; they violate every obligation Water Company across Fort Lowell military reservation in .Arizona, which law and nature impose upon men; they show that the parties engaged and for other purposes, was read twice by its title, and referred to the were brutes, insensible to the obligations ofhup:1anity and religion." Committee on Military Affairs. To the pre-eminent dishonor of Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, that city has furnished the latest illustration of Southern political methods. In order to Al\fENDl\IENT TO A BILL. overthrow a city government, simply because it was Republican, the Federal officials there resident, J. Bow mar Harris, United States qistrict atto1·ney, Sam­ Mr. EDMUNDS. I present an· amendment from the Committee on •. I uel Livingston, deputy United States marshal, and R. E. Wilson, deputy collector the Judiciary intended to be proposed to the deficiency bill, or some of internal revenue, headed a movement to prevent the colored citizens from other proper bill, which I ask may be printed, together with the mem­ ~~~ . oranda accompanying it, and referred to the Committee on Appropri­ A secret., oath-bound, white J.eague was organized to lynch negroes, and to attend, armed, at the voting precincts, the leading spirit in which band of assas­ ations. sins was one John H. Martin, editor of the New Mississippian. The movement The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ur. SPOONER in the chair). It will was successful on January 2, 1888; butmark the sequel! On the 2d day of May, be so ordered if there be no objection. 18S8, at Jackson, Martin wantonly shot General 'Virt Adams, the postmaster, a. man sixty-nine years of age, and of the highest character. Adams returned JACKSON (MISS.) MUNICIPAL ELECTION. Martin's fire, and both fell dead in the streets. The young men of the South, who are encouraged by the most influential citizens to resort to murder as an The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senate, as in Committee of the ordinary political agency, will never refrain from using their fatal revolvers for Whole, resumes the consideration of the unfinished business, being the private reyenge. bill (S. 12) to provide for the formation and admission into the Union And now so it is that the South, which during more than half a century dom­ inated the nation by means of slavery and the power whil:;h slavery gave, has, of the State of Washington, and for other purposes. after a period of rebellion caused by slavery, and a period of reconstruction Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. l!r. President, yesterday I gave notice that prolonged by crimes against the freedman, again seized the reins of govern­ I should to-day move that the Senate proceed to the consideration of ment, and has rewarded itself for its rebellion by increased representation in the ~esolutions reported from the Judiciary Committee relative to the Congress, and in the body of electors which chooses a President. The North is supposed to have conquered. The Union is saved in form. The terms of suppression of the vote of colored citizens in Jackson, Miss. I move peace, reunion, and reconciliation were the thirteenth amendment, abolishing that the pending measure be laid aside, and that the Senate proceed slavery; the fourteenth, omitting the colored people from the basi!'.! of represen­ to tation in States where they are not allowed to vote; and the fifteenth. giving to the consideration of those resolutions. colored citizens the ballot in all elections, State or national. · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Iowa asks that The thirteenth amendment alone is in force-the fourteenth and fifteenth are the pending business be informally laid aside to enable him to move - a dead letter, openly and flagrantly disobeyed. Suffrage at the Sout.h for the black man does not exist; for the white man, even, it is almost a farce. A few the consideration of the resolutions which will be read. leaders in each State, combining with similar coteries in other States, form an The Chief Clerk read the resolutions reported from the Committee oligarchy which wields the whole political power of the solid South. United on the Judiciary J~y 23, 1888, as follows: with the Democratic party of the North, who expect to control by corruption or fraud a few Northern States, their "plan of compaign" is exactly what it was Resolved, That th,e Senate, in view of the report made to it in obedience to its before 1860. Our later Southern masters are not different from those of former resolution of January 12,1888, in respect of the suppression of the vot.es of the years. They are able, always alert, and, whenever not opposed, are plausible, colored citizens of the city of Jackson, Miss., and the participa.tion in such sup­ courteous, R.lld full of kind and patriotic professions; resisted, their gentleness pression by certain United States officers as set forth and. described in said re­ proves like that of tigers-they become fierce and defiant, sometimes brutal. port, 9oes hereby express its strong condemnation of the conduct of said offi­ The North needs to undeceive itself. The South isln the saddle, and it means cera; and it also expresses its deliberate judgment that every officer of the to stay there. It has the executive branch of the Government; it almost con­ United States so engaged or participating should be promptly dismissed from trols the legislative; it is reaching forward to the judicial branch. It threatens the public service as soon as authentic know.ledge of such engagement or par­ the manufacturing and all other industries of the North. It means to hold in ticipation is brought to the attention of the appointing power. its hands the decision of all our national questions, those of foreign policy, tarifl', Resolved, That a copy of this report, and of the testimony on which it is finance, internal improvements, and all expenditures, and to "get even" with based, be communicated to the President of the United States. the North on account of the temporary ascendency of the latter during the era The PRESIDENT pro 'tempore. The resolutions are before the Sen­ of rebellion and reconstruction. The South will not again make the mistake - of secession. It is easier and safer to rule the nation from the inside. The power ate, if there be no objection, and the question is u~n agreeing to which the election of1884 gave will not be relinquished if murder and fraud at the same. 7882 CONGF.ESSIONAL RECO~HOUSE. AUGUST 23,

Mr. WILSON, of Iowa, addressed the Senate. Having spoken one withdraw my vote. I am paired with the Senator from DcJawaro [?!1r." hour and fifteen. minutes-- SAULSBURY] . A message, in writing, was received from the President of the United 1\Ir. _EDMUNDS. The pair of the Senator from Delaware has been States, by 1\Ir. 0. L. PRUDEN, one of his secretaries. announced with another Senator. 1\Ir. EDM.UNDS. With the permission of my friend from Iowa, I 1\Ir. SAWYER. '.Eben I will let my vote stand. move that the Senate do now adjourn. Mr. HEARST. I am paired with~ my colleague [Mr. STANFORD] [For the speech of Mr. Wn.sox, of Iowa, complete see the proceed­ on all political questions. This looks to me as bordering on politics, ings of the 27th.] and therefore I shall not vote. 1\Ir. MORGAN. I hope an adjournment will not be had. I hope The result was announced-yeas 23, nays 21; ns followJJ: the Senator from Vermont will not press the motion. I understand YEAB-23. the President of the United States has sent a message to the Senate Allison, Dolph, Hoar, Sherman,· which ought to be laid before us. Blair, Edmunds, lngalls, Spooner, Chace, ~ Evarts. Manderson, Stewart, Mr. EDl\IDNDS. I think the message can wait till to-morrow. Chandler, F:uwell, Mitchefl, Stockbridge l'lfr. MORGAN. Hardly. . Cullom, Hawley, Plumb, Wilson of Io,va. The PRESIDING OFFICE.R (Mr. SPOONER in the chair). The Davis, ~cock, Sawyer, Senator from Vermont moves·tbat the Senate do now adjourn. NAYS-!lL Ur. EDMUNDS. I make that motion. Bate, Colquitt, Pasco, Vest, Beck, George, Payne, Walthall, 1\Ir. MORGAN. I ask for the yeas and nays. Berry, Hampton, Pugh, Wilson. ot: Md. The PRESIDING-OFFICER-. It is moved by the Senator from Ver­ Brown, Harris, Reagan. mont that the Senate do now a-djourn, on which motion the Senator Cockrell, Jones of A.rka.nsa.s, Turpie, from Alabama asks for the yeas and nays. Coke, Morgan, V~ce, The yeas and nays were ordered; and the Secretary proceeded to call ABSENT-32. the roll. Aldrich. J)o.wes, Hearst, Q.uay, Blackburn., Eustis, Jones of ~evn.do., R..·msom, Mr. BUTLER (when his name was c..

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