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Cilicia, Tarsus, and the Great Taurus Pass: Discussion Author(S): Charles Wilson, H Cilicia, Tarsus, and the Great Taurus Pass: Discussion Author(s): Charles Wilson, H. S. Cronin and A. C. Headlam Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4 (Oct., 1903), pp. 410-413 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1775457 Accessed: 26-06-2016 20:32 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 20:32:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 410 CILICIA, TARSUS, AND THE GREAT TAURUS PASS-DISCUSSION. and from no wish to depreciate or undervalue the immense services rendered under great difficulties to all students and travellers in Asia Minor by the late H. Kiepert, whose spirit and work were beyond all praise. That R. Kiepert should continue and perfect his work is the wish of every one. But if we keep up the pretence that the existing maps are good, we only deprive Kiepert of the chance of com- pleting his work and fulfilling his honourable ambition. Before the reading of the paper, the PRESIDENT said: We have to welcome this evening again Prof. Ramsay, from whom we had a very interesting paper on Asia Minor a short time ago. He is now going to give us an account of his labour, in Cilicia and Taurus. I call upon Prof. Ramsay to read his paper. After the reading of the paper, the following discussion took place:- Sir CHARLES WILSON: I think we are all much indebted to Prof. Ramsay for his most interesting paper. The paper, which will be published in the Journal, gives the road through the pass in great detail. I also think we must con- gratulate Mrs. Ramsay on the beautiful photographs which have shown upon the screen. The pass is certainly one which cannot be surpassed in picturesque beauty. There are one or two points upon which I should like to say a word. One is with regard to the course of the rivers in the plain. I think that at one time the ancient Mallos was very probably an island, and with regard to the connection between the Sarus and the Pyramus, I may mention that an old channel was followed by Colonel Bennet, who was at Adana in the early eighties. There can be no doubt that at one time the Sarus did flow into the Pyramus, and I think you will see from the map that it would be almost the only course for the river to take on its way to the sea in times long past. Then with regard to the Cilician gates, I had the greatest curiosity to see these celebrated gates when I was in Cilicia, and I travelled through them, and went on to the position taken up by Ibrahim Pasha. Coming back we took a road on the right bank of the river, and found a compara- tively easy way which could be readily made passable for artillery to the west of the Gates. I remember thinking at the time that it was possibly the road followed by the army of Cyrus when he descended into the Cilician plain. Xenophon does not mention the Gates, and he certainly passed by some other road-possibly that which we followed. I do not remember any great battle at the Gate itself, but it is certainly an extraordinary feature, and the making of a cart-road through it must have been a very great work in the olden days, and one that facilitated commerce between the plateau of Asia Minor and the sea. I have always thought that the easiest pass across the Taurus was that by which the Turks took their artillery on their march to Northern Syria; it is some distance east of the Cilician Gates. But that route would not be a good one for the Baghdad railway to follow, because when you get out of the pass you find yourself in very difficult country for a railway; the hard limestone rocks present great difficulties, and I think the line the Germans appear to have adopted is the best under the circumstances. It is the easiest route, although it has its difficulties, and it is the route which will provide the greatest amount of traffic for the railway. When I was in Asia Minor I took great interest in the lines of railway, and it may perhaps interest you to hear the origin of the railway from Mersina to Adana. There was a progressive governor of Cilicia at that time, and I spoke to him about the desirability of having a railway to carry the produce of the great plain to the sea. He concurred, and asked Colonel Bennet, who was at that time vice-consul at Adana, to obtain the requisite information. An estimate and plan for a metre- This content downloaded from 137.99.31.134 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 20:32:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms CILICIA, TARSUS, AND THE GREAT TAURUS PASS-DISCUSSION. 411 gauge railway were obtained for the governor, but wben he sent it on to Con- stantinople, he was told that he must either have a broad-gauge railway or none at all. Tihe consequence was the construction of the present broad-gauge line, which, I believe, has never quite paid its expenses, or only just paid them. Prof. Ramsay alluded to the great difference between eastern and western Cilicia in olden days, and it is a curious fact that the same distinction between the two plains exists at the present day. The great alluvial plain is well cultivated; and one reason for its high state of cultivation is, that there has been a large migration of the curious people, Ansarlyeh, alluded to in one of Disraeli's novels, who are extremely good cultivators and gardeners. They have come down in large numbers and have settled on the plain. Eastern Cilicia, on the other hand, is, or rather was some time ago, entirely the home of the nomads, who come down in great numbers from the high country to the north to pass the winter. It is a most interesting sight in winter to see the whole of this portion of the plain covered by the animals, the sheep, the camels, and oxen, that have come down from the higher country. Very little of that portion of the plain is cultivated, but it is quite as fertile or nearly so as the plain of western Cilicia. Prof. Ramsay also alluded to the English rail- way from Smyrna, which is now cut off from the interior by the German railway. It is curious that this question of Smyrna and Constantinople is much the same as that in Egypt between Alexandria and Suakin. In the olden days the Pasha of Egypt would never allow a railway to be made to Suakin, because he wished to bring all traffic down to Alexandria, and thus throw money into the hands of the Alexandrian merchants. It was one of General Gordon's pet schemes to make a railway to Suakin, but he was unable to get the Egyptian Government to con- sent. Now, the only railway, that to Khartum, was made for military purposes, but those military purposes having been served, the railway to Suakin is about to be commenced. The point is this, that commerce will always find its way to the nearest outlet by the shortest land-passage, and it is only a case of waiting a certain number of years for all the commerce to go to Smyrna instead of Constantinople. I believe the German company has several times tried to purchase the English rail- way, and if they ever get possession of it the trade will probably come down to Smyrna. I can only say what pleasure it has given to me to hear Prof. Ramsay's paper this evening. There is no one who is such an authority upon the subject. Rev. H. S. CRONIN: I am afraid I can only say what very great pleasure it has been to me to hear Prof. Ramsay, and at the same time to express my gratitude to him for allowing me to accompany him on one occasion. All that I can add is, the eastern part of Asia Minor being unfamiliar to me, that so strong was the wish to prevent trade coming down to Constantinople instead of Smyrna, that there is no proper junction at all. There is a separate station for the Smyrna railway, and another station for the Constantinople railway, and the rail- ways which have been put down between the two have been pulled up. I wish I could add more to the discussion, but I was absolutely unprepared for the possibility of having to take part in it. Rev. A. C. HEADLAM: I have some difficulty in addressing the meeting, because it is now nearly thirteen years since I was in that part of the country, and I never, unfortunately, had the privilege of passing through the Cilician Gates.
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