Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada

Home , Pacific Northwest, Western Canada

JULY 2018

Pacific Northwest economic region estimates that the annual region-wide cost of a zebra and quagga mussel infestation in the northwest would be $500 million

Image: ThirdwavephotoInvasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Invasive Mussel Prevention For more information or questions on Framework for Western Canada this report, please contact: was prepared for the Pacific North- west Economic Region (PNWER) Matt Morrison, Chief Executive Officer as a common shared call to action for PNWER | pnwer.org Western Canada. The development of this [email protected] report builds on the previous leadership and background report provided by PNWER, Gail Wallin, Executive Director including the Advancing a Regional Defense Invasive Species Council of BC | bcinvasives.ca Against Invasive Mussels in the Pacific [email protected] Northwest.

The development of the Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada “The introduction and sub- was made possible thanks to the direction sequent invasion of Dreissenid and contributions from a wide range of mussels has resulted in governments, industries and organizations far-ranging costs to the from across Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta infrastructure and operations and Saskatchewan, including the PNWER of many Canadian Hydropower Invasive Species Working Group. The origi- Association (CHA) member nal Framework was released in 2016 and is organizations. Further, the now updated in 2018, based on input from a wide range of contributors. impact on biodiversity and water quality on the systems Thank you to all the contributors that in which our members operate helped shape the Invasive Mussel Preven- has also been significant. The tion Framework for Western Canada. All CHA supports the Western the knowledge, perspectives, and financial Canada Invasive Mussel support greatly assisted the Framework’s Prevention Framework and its development to ensure that it serves as a joint stated objectives to proactively ‘call to action’ for all of us. There is no doubt that working across and beyond boundaries prevent and protect its waters is key to preventing the introduction of from the detrimental economic, invasive mussels to Western Canada. environmental and societal impacts of these species.” Participation in the Framework development Ed Wojczynski, Canadian Hydropower does not imply endorsement nor commit- Association President ment to specific actions.

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Pacific Northwest is the only prevention at the regional, provincial and region of the United States and territorial levels. Canada that does not have an established population of invasive mussels. This Framework serves to guide a collaborative approach to coordinated action The estimated costs resulting from an inva- against the risks of invasive mussels, and sive mussel invasion in the Pacific Northwest to promote prevention efforts as a first region is estimated to exceed $500 million line of defence. annually, and the ecological impacts are overwhelming1. In addition to the overarching goal of having invasive mussels contained at the source, The Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework this Framework identifies five key recom- for Western Canada serves as a voluntary mendations to help ensure that invasive collective call to action for governments, mussels are not established in Western businesses and community organizations Canada. who are choosing to work together to prevent the introduction of invasive 1. Develop and foster long-term, mussels in Western Canada. This Frame- sustainable funding solutions for invasive work identifies some shared key priorities mussles by all parties including federal, and actions that can help serve to guide provincial/territory and private partners organizational planning and initiatives. to prevent the introduction of invasive mussels in Western Canada in order to For the purpose of this Framework, Western avoid perpetual annual response costs. Canada is defined to include British Co- lumbia, Yukon, Alberta and Saskatchewan. 2. Enhance the perimeter defense system Across all perspectives, there is a clear de- including strengthening the capacity sire to prevent introductions by cooperating and communication across watercraft on a defense strategy that includes inter- inspection and decontamination efforts cepting infested boats from entering West- across all borders- internationally and ern Canada. The defense strategy includes within Western Canada. prevention, monitoring, rapid response 3. Support and grow the involvement and management capabilities, an educat- of key partners in preventing the ed, aware and involved public, enhanced introduction of invasive mussels across tools and resources, and improved com- Western Canada. munication and coordination. Increased collaboration on pro-active, preventable measures across all levels of government, businesses and non-governmental organiza- 1. Advancing Regional Defense Against Invasive Mussels – A report prepared by the Pacific Northwest Economic Region tions is clearly called for to ensure effective and Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Cont)

4. Increase focus on education, awareness This Framework recognizes the leadership of and consistent messaging to ensure that provincial and territorial governments with governments, key stakeholders, pathway the Inter-Provincial Territorial Agreement groups and industry have current for Co-ordinated Regional Defense Against information and consistent messaging. Invasive Species (2016) which also reflects a collaborative and coordinated 5. Increase research on key information approach to invasive mussel prevention needs for invasive mussels within across Western Canada. Western Canada. Other recommendations include:

6. Ensure all needed treatment tools for What are invasive mussels and immediate response options for invasive where did they come from? mussel treatment are registered for use in each province and territory. The invasive freshwater mussels described in this 7. Facilitate, through PNWER, consistent Framework are the Zebra and comprehensive national border mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and cross-border training for United States and Canada border patrol officers, and the Quagga mussel (D. equipping them with the necessary rostriformis bugensis). Both information, materials, and training to of these invasive mussels are effectively prevent infested conveyances from the Family Dreissenidae, from crossing international borders. Subfamily Dreisseninae, Genus Congeria, Genus Across Western Canada there is a dedicated Dreissena. These invasive passion by leaders, individuals, industries, governments and community groups to mussels are native to the protect Western Canada from the long-term Ponto-Caspian Region of impacts created by invasive mussels. Eastern Europe and were first Success requires an effective perimeter introduced to North America defense, awareness and support at the in the Laurentian Great Lakes policy level, necessary resources and coop- in the mid 1980’s through the eration at all levels to harmonize approaches release of ship’s ballast water.2 to ensure effective use of capacity and investments. The Invasive Mussel Preven- tion Framework for Western Canada aims to reflect this collaborative call for action

at all levels and across all jurisdictions. 2. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 4 CONTENTS

Acknowledgements...... 2 Executive summary...... 3 Background...... 6 Purpose and Scope...... 7 Key Partners Involved in Invasive Mussel Prevention Efforts...... 8 Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework...... 9

Recommendation One: Develop long term sustainable funding...... 10 Recommendation Two: Enhance the perimeter defense system...... 11 Recommendation Three: Grow the support of key partners...... 12 Recommendation Four: Increase focus on education, awareness & consistent messaging ...... 13 Recommendation Five: Increase research...... 14 Appendix 1. Links to Key Documents...... 15 Appendix 2. Provincial Invasive Species Council Actions...... 16 Appendix 3. Provincial Invasive Species Councils...... 17 Appendix 4. Invasive Mussel Current Distributions and Probability of Invasion...... 18

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 5 BACKGROUND

For two decades, invasive mussels prevent invasive mussels from successfully have been invading freshwater entering the Pacific Northwest. ecosystems across North America. These invasions have generated In 2016, the governments of the four significant costs to infrastructure, western provinces and Yukon signed the biodiversity, and water quality. Inter-Provincial-Territorial Agreement for Coordinated Regional Defense Against The prevention of further invasive mussel Invasive Species. This Agreement enables spread in Western Canada is aimed at hu- increased coordination among jurisdictions man-assisted pathways of introduction and to share resources and coordinate planning spread. These pathways include water-based for both prevention and response to inva- restoration activities, recreational water sive mussels. This Agreement is supported activities such as boating and angling, and by Director level committees along with an the associated transport of watercraft and active working group from each province equipment. The spread of invasive fresh- and Yukon. Some of the key actions have water mussels across North America, includ- included working towards consistent ing the infestation of Lake Winnipeg in 2013, messaging (Clean, Drain, Dry), along with has highlighted their capacity for invasion working on early detection processes. (Appendix 4) and the threat to Western Canada. Significant risk of invasion has been identified for invasive mussels throughout Western Canada (Appendix 4). Given the long term environmental and economic impacts of invasive mussels, mitigating further spread has been identified as the Since the start of 2017, the most cost-effective means to protect Canadian Border Services Western Canada. Agency (CBSA) has referred 81 high-risk water craft to For over a decade, invasive mussels have the Saskatchewan Ministry of been of growing interest to PNWER due Environment. Strong comm- to the large economic and environmental impact to the region. Annual workshops unication between the CBSA and leadership meetings have been held to and the Western Canadian build collective and coordinated actions for provinces has led to hundreds industries and governments across the Pacific of high-risk boats being Northwest. An Invasive Species Working referred to both the BC and Group was established, with elected leaders, Alberta provincial governments. academics, government and industry staff and others to build collective actions to help

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 6 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada serves as a collective call to action for governments, businesses and community organizations. For the purpose of this Framework, Western Canada is defined to include British Colum- bia, Yukon, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Across all perspectives, there is a clear call to prevent introductions by cooperating on a prevention framework that identifies collective priorities to mitigate the risks of invasive mussels from entering Western Canada. The mitigation framework includes prevention, monitoring, rapid response and management capabilities, an educated, aware and involved public and key stakeholders, enhanced tools and resources and improved communication and coordination.

Image: Megan Eplett

One female invasive mussel can produce up to 1 million eggs per year

Alberta monitors over 70 lakes and reservoirs annually Image: Government of Alberta for invasive mussels

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 7 KEY PARTNERS INVOLVED IN INVASIVE MUSSEL PREVENTION EFFORTS

In Western Canada, the prevention of invasive mussels requires a collaborative effort incorporating regulations, enforcement, prevention, detection, communication, funding support, monitoring and outreach. The following agencies include some of the players that have a role in prevention efforts across Western Canada.

• Federal Government > Department of Fisheries and Oceans > Canada Border Services Agency > Pest Management Regulatory Agency > Canadian Food Inspection Agency Image: Government of Alberta > Environment and Climate Change Canada. • Provincial and Territorial Governments. • Industries (e.g. Hydropower companies, agricultural irrigation, municipal infra- Hilo, Seuss and Diesel joined structure, boating groups, marinas). the Alberta Public Service in • Indigenous Governments and 2015 after successful training Organizations. and certification to the • Local Governments. standards developed by the • Cross-jurisdictional (e.g. International California Department of Joint Commission, Columbia River Treaty, Fish and Wildlife for invasive Canadian Council on Invasive Species). mussel detection. They have • Trans-boundary Agencies (e.g. Pacif- inspected over 2300 boats! ic Northwest Economic Region, 100th British Columbia now has two Meridian Initiative, Pacific States Marine trained detection dogs - Kilo Fisheries Commission). and Major. • Invasive species councils (national, provincial, and regional).

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 8 INVASIVE MUSSEL PREVENTION FRAMEWORK

This Framework reflects the shared 3. Support and grow the involvement goals and priorities across govern- of key partners in preventing the ments, non-government organizations, introduction of invasive mussels across businesses and other key stake- Western Canada. holders in Western Canada to 4. Increase focus on education, awareness prevent the introduction and spread and consistent messaging to ensure that of invasive mussels. governments, key stakeholders, pathway Overarching Goal: groups, industry and stewardship groups In addition to the ultimate goal of contain- have the current information. ing invasive mussels at the source, whether 5. Increase research on key research that is Manitoba, the Great Lakes or from needs for invasive mussels within the United States, this Framework identi- Western Canada. fies five key recommendations for Western Canada.

There is a clear call by all parties in West- ern Canada, and across the Pacific North- west to restrict the movement of infested boats from areas with established popula- tions of invasive mussels.

The Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework

identifies five priority recommendations: Image: Phoenix, Arizona

1. Develop and foster long-term, sustainable funding solutions for invasive mussels by all parties including federal, UNDER REVIEW: provincial/territory and private partners The Government of Yukon to prevent the introduction of invasive has recently proposed a mussels in Western Canada in order to regulatory change to add avoid perpetual annual response costs. Yukon to the list of juris- 2. Enhance the perimeter defense system dictions under the Federal including strengthening the capacity Aquatic Invasive Species and communication across watercraft Regulations that prohibit inspection and decontamination efforts zebra and quagga mussels. across all borders- internationally and within Western Canada.

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 9 RECOMMENDATION ONE: DEVELOP LONG TERM SUSTAINABLE FUNDING

1. Increase and stabilize • Consider a Western Canada Emergency investments by all parties Mussel Fund that can be immediately including federal, provincial/ accessed, across provinces, if a potential territory and private partners detection exists to prevent the introduction of • Identify potential new funding sources, invasive mussels in Western including coordinated financial requests Canada and avoid perpetual for funding annual response costs. 2. Establish a collective financial goal to more effectively leverage existing funding based on shared In 2017, BC inspected 35,000 priorities. boats, 25 of which were infested with invasive mussels Financial and resource investments for and issued 59 tickets for invasive mussels have seen positive growth since 2016; however, more growth is need- failing to stop at inspection ed in both level and range of partners. All stations. research demonstrates that investing in prevention is financially wise due to the significant economic costs that would occur if established. PNWER estimates that the region-wide cost of a mussel infestation in the Pacific Northwest would be $500 million annually.

Further actions could include: • Develop a collaborative invasive mussel financial plan for Western Canada and/ or within each jurisdiction that recognizes the needs for shared contributions to an Image: Government of British Columbia effective prevention program. All levels of government, private industry and key partners to contribute to building and In 2017, Alberta inspected supporting the invasive mussel financial plan. 35,391 boats, 19 of which were infested with invasive • Call for increased investments by federal mussels. government to at least match provincial contributions for prevention and response

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 10 RECOMMENDATION TWO: ENHANCE THE PERIMETER DEFENCE SYSTEM

Watercraft Inspection Stations: Response Plans within each province/ strengthen and ensure a strong territory and ensure legislative tools, defense system for watercraft established protocols and resources are inspection stations and decon- ready and available for immediate tamination stations that are response. Ensure federal engagement linked across Western Canada and ability to respond through recognized and Northwest United States. environmental emergencies based on invasive mussel incursions. Since the initial 2016 Framework there has been an increase in the number and hours • Be prepared. Ensure federal registration of inspection stations in Western Canada. (permitting and labeling) of invasive mus- There has been live time information sel pesticide tools for use in open water. exchange through the Watercraft Inspection and Detection (WID) Station Planning Application. Two provinces have implemented the use of inspection dogs in addition to trained professional teams at key border crossing. A ‘passport’ system was implemented in BC and Alberta.

Further actions could include: • Consider watercraft inspection certification system to minimize impact on commercial haulers and expedite the inspection process. • Review cross-jurisdictional training tools and when possible promote a consistent standard for mussel veliger monitoring and analysis within and across provinces Image: Government of Alberta and territories. • Expand monitoring at key water bodies, among industry and others to include aquatic invasive species and develop a Manitoba’s watercraft standardized training program for partici- inspection program began pating partners. in 2000. They currently have • Identify available funding for sample five decontamination units analysis. • Establish and strengthen existing Rapid

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 11 RECOMMENDATION THREE: GROW THE SUPPORT OF KEY PARTNERS

Support key partners and grow the operators, fire fighters, float plane number of key partners in prevent- operators, aquaculture industry, and ing the spread of invasive mussels insurance agencies. across Western Canada. • Increase awareness and implementation Preventing the introduction and spread of of standardized decontamination proto- invasive mussels cannot be done by any cols such as the Uniform Minimum Proto- one organization or government. There is cols and Standards for Watercraft Inter- a clear need for ‘all hands on deck’ from ception Programs for Dreissenid Mussels, those with regulatory powers to those that the standard protocol used across the are influencers along with those that would Western U.S. (see Appendix 1) bear the impact of an introduction. As with • Involve and support Indigenous leaders most invasive species prevention, a collabo- in engaging in the prevention efforts rative approach is the most effective. With • Identify key industry partners and asso- the growing understanding of the devastat- ciations (e.g. hydropower, log transport, ing impacts of invasive mussels to Canada’s pulp mills, irrigation) and seek input on freshwater systems, the potential immense prevention involvement; emphasis on financial impact along with direct social organizations with infrastructure impact to communities and recreational implications. uses, there is an opportunity to strengthen existing partnerships and to bring more key • Collaborate with existing and new partners to the table. partners (e.g., Ducks Unlimited, fishing and wildlife clubs, foreshore residents, Further actions could include: non-government organizations, local • Continue the collaboration guided by the stewardship groups, professional biolo- Inter-Provincial Territorial Agreement for gists) and identify existing protocols and/ Co-ordinated Regional Defense Against or information, monitoring and reporting Invasive Species and share accomplish- tools currently available to partners. ments. • Ensure strong engagement with enforce- • Expand connections and involvement ment agencies (e.g. Canadian Border with key pathway-related groups across Services Agency, Fisheries Officers, and Western Canada and/or the Pacific North- provincial enforcement agencies & officers). west Economic Region. By providing tools • Support strong engagement with local and resources tailored to key groups, governments and strengthen part- they can become part of the prevention. nerships with Federation of Canadian Some partners could be marina associa- Municipalities (FCM) and municipal tions, boat repair businesses, boat haul- organizations in each province/territory. ers, trucking associations, yacht clubs, Collaboratively build the tools and boat brokers, commercial transport resources for prevention.

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 12 RECOMMENDATION FOUR: INCREASE FOCUS ON EDUCATION, AWARENESS & CONSISTENT MESSAGING

Increase focus on public education Northwestern United States stakeholders and awareness to ensure that all to share invasive mussel prevention high- levels of governments, key industries lights, challenges and successes. such as irrigation associations, hydro • Strengthen, implement and support and utility groups, and key stake- applicable tools and practices for key holders such as youth organizations, interest groups such as boat haulers, lakeshore stewardship groups, path- boaters, marina’s and the media. Consid- way groups, and invasive species er participation at major relevant events. organizations have the most current • Support the inclusion of AIS information information, consistent messaging in nationwide pleasure craft operator and necessary resources. courses and provincial freshwater fishing With the growing interest and need for regulations. support from all parties, there is a clear • Support increased involvement of fresh- need for access to consistent and accu- water stewardship groups, lakeshore rate information. Across Western Canada, groups, boat shows, youth organizations provincial/territory governments, industry, and outdoor groups. Indigenous communities, local government and non-government partners are willing • Increase involvement and information for to step up and take a role to protect their key industries including irrigation, utilities local waters. Access to current information, and hydro. best practices and protocols are some of the resources of interest.

Further actions could include: • Provide accessible information on threats, impacts and ongoing status report on invasive mussels in Western The annual cost to control Canada. invasive mussels in water • Provide easy access to current Western intake pipes in the Great Canada invasive mussel information Lakes is $250 million. The through a central website hub including total annual management links to real-time invasive mussel status 3 databases. costs are almost $500 million. • Create a dissemination process for information such as an invasive mussel listserv

for Western Canada; regular webinars or 3. Zebra mussels cost Canadians billions each year; cost conference calls for Western Canada and to Manitobans still unknown

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 13 RECOMMENDATION FIVE: INCREASE RESEARCH

Increase research on impacts and response to invasive mussels for Western Canada. “Collaborative prevention For prevention and response there is a clear efforts are key to ensuring need to have the required tools and knowl- that invasive mussels do edge on hand to make informed decisions. not invade Western Canada. Across stakeholders, there is recognition The Ktunaxa Nation Fisheries that further information is needed that Stewardship and Protection would enable an emergency response to Unit Fishery Guardians invasive mussels in Western Canada. (formerly Canadian Columbia Inter-tribal Fisheries Further Actions could include: • Develop a clear list of top research Commission) have been priority needs with input from all key trained on inspection and stakeholders. decontamination of invasive • Ensure effective extension of research mussels and are working to all interested parties. with the BC Conservation • Some current research topics include, Officer Service, the Depart- but are not limited to, the following: ment of Fisheries and Oceans - Treatment methods for invasive mussel Fishery Officers, industry eradication e.g. potash, ZEQUANOX® and other organizations to - Impacts of invasive mussels on help prevent the introduction native fish of invasive mussels in Ktunaxa - Impacts of invasive mussels on species Amakis (Kootenay Region). at risk The potentially devastating - Impacts of salinity on invasive mussels effects of an invasion would - Upstream impacts of invasive impact us all.”” mussels from ports and ballast water. Ktunaxa Nation Fisheries Stewardship and Protection Unit Fishery Guardians

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 14 APPENDIX 1 LINKS TO KEY DOCUMENTS

A Canadian Plan to Address the Threat of Aquatic Invasive Species

Advancing a Regional Defense Against Dreissenids in the Pacific Northwest

Fisheries and Oceans Canada AIS EDRR Plan

Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, and Mytilopsis leucophaeata) in Canadian Freshwater Ecosystems.

Uniform Minimum Protocols and Standards for Watercraft Inspection and Decontamination Programs for Dreissenid Mussels in the Western Unites States (UMPS III)

Preliminary Damage Estimates for Selected Invasive Fauna in B.C.

“Manitoba Hydro has greatly benefited from the collaboration with our provincial government, the federal government and various industry partners. This shared experience and knowledge has been key to ensuring Manitoba Hydro’s Aquatic Invasive Species preparedness planning is adaptive based on the most current and reliable information In 2016, a total of 90 decon- regarding: monitoring and tamination orders were issued species distribution, mitigation in British Columbia, of which strategies and infrastructure 68 had quarantine periods to risk management.” meet the 30 day required drying time. Manitoba Hydro

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 15 APPENDIX 2 PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL ACTIONS

Table 1: Summary Provincial/Territorial actions.

Provincial or Territorial Government BC Alberta Yukon Saskatchewan Does your Yes Yes Program under review Yes jurisdiction and development watercraft inspection program in place? Does your Yes Yes. Operational in draft No. The DFO AIS group Yes. Operational in draft form jurisdiction have form, not yet endorsed. has offered to train only, working on implementation f anEDRR Plan? Set for 2018 adoption. Yukon staff in their or sometime in 2018. EDRR program

Are there existing Yes. Provincial - Yes. Provincial - Fisheries No. There are none Yes. Provincial - Fisheries Act & regulatory tools in Controlled Alien (Alberta) Act & Fisheries specific to ZQM, we are Regulations/ Federal - AIS place for ZQM? Species Regu- (Ministerial) Regulation/ in the process of having Regulation (Fisheries Act) lation (Wildlife Federal - AIS Regulation Yukon added to the Act)/ Federal (Fisheries Act) list of jurisdictions that - AIS Regulation prohibit possession, (Fisheries Act) transport and release of ZQM

Does your juris- No Yes. No Yes. Implemented in this year 2018. diction have pull Fisheries (Ministerial) the plug legisla- Regulation Section 6.1 tion in place?

Is there annual Yes Yes. No Yes. Both utilizing veliger and eDNA early detection sampling by Provincial Fisheries. monitoing for Also utilize the Adult Invasive ZQM ? Mussel Monitoring by Ministries of Agriculture, Parks, SaskPower, SaskWater & public.

Published proto- Yes. Currently No. Operational plans for No Yes. It is not within our Gov’t col in place for being updated monitoring but not public/ database or url, but is published. ZQM early detec- published tion monitoring? Are you using Yes Yes No. though our mes- Yes. It is one of the Government’s Clean, Drain, saging is simillar (CDC: Initiatives as of 2015, but has been Dry messaging? Check, Drain, Clean) in the Anglers’ Guide since 2001.

List any other out- CDD Campaigns CDD Your Boat, CDD CDC signage at boat CDD is on 54 erected 6’ x 12’ reach campaigns Your Gear, Pull the Plug launch, angler highway signs, 350 boat launch you are using for questionnairs, signs, and in our educational ZQM and any web site. materials. relevant URLs

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 16 APPENDIX 3 PROVINCIAL INVASIVE SPECIES COUNCILS

Table 2. Summary of Provincial Invasive Species Council Actions.

Does/is your Invasive Species Alberta Invasive Yukon Invasive Saskatchewan Inva- Organization... Council of BC (ISCBC) Species Council (AISC) Species Council(YISC) sive Species Council (SISC) Have a mandate Yes. Inspiring British Yes. Increasing awareness No. Resources are limited. Yes. Operated by involving invasive Columbians to take action and educating Albertans Environment Yukon has provincial government mussels? and prevent the spread about the destructive im- been leading in any aquat- of invasive mussels. pacts of invasive species. ic invasive species work. Involved in any Yes. After extensive Yes. A fact sheet on web- Yes. Both mussels are Yes. We work with the communications/ research in 2011, we site, information on social included in our spotter’s government of SK to outreach materials/ launched Clean Drain Dry media. Email newsletter network program. Face- produce and distribute social media around behaviour change and out- with info book postings. Factsheet fact sheets invasive mussels? reach program in 2012 and on our website. has operated continuously since. Use Clean, Drain, Yes. Yes No Yes Dry messaging? Have any other Yes. Invasive Wise Marina The AISC delivers the Early Yes. Our school program Yes. The Saskatche- key initiatives with program being piloted in Detection Distribution for grade 4 teaches sim- wan Aquatic Invasive regards to invasive 2018. Working with other Mapping System and asso- ple steps to prevent the Species Working mussel prevention? groups- Canadian Council ciated cell phone app for transport of IS from one Group, and the for Invasive Species, PNW- Alberta (EDDMapS). lake to the other. provincial AIMM ER, IMISWG program. Partner with any Yes. Freshwater Fisheries, Yes. Working with the Yes. Yukon Government, Yes. The SISC has all of other group(s), Boating BC, local govern- Government of Alberta. Department of Environ- the key stakeholders governments or ments, Indigenous commu- Additionally, we are a ment, DFO, Non-profit as its members. stakeholders around nities, and the Power and member of the PNWER orgs: Friends of McIntyre invasive mussel Sail Squadron are e.g’s. Invasive Species Working Creek, Yukon Conserva- prevention? Group. tion Society What are some Pilot for Invasive Wise The Government of Awareness. The Spotter’s Help maintain a pro- successes in the last Marina, campaigns for Alberta has developed a Network and YK Environ- vincial invasive species 2 years with regards CDD, provincial hub for decontamination protocol ment is hosting a lot of database and mapping to invasive mussel CDD for a wide range for whirling disease, which talks on aquatic invasives. system. SK MOE has prevention? of orgs. New BMPs for is planned to expand to all mobile decontamina- boaters. aquatic invasive species. tion units. Please list any Boater BMP's, Invasive Continue to educate on N/A Coordinator position upcoming plans you Wise Marinas expanding the importance of pre- staffed, and continue may have over the and launching, Invasive venting aquatic invasive to work with all of our next 2-3 years with Species Action Month, mussels from being intro- partners on preven- regards to invasive Aquatic resources. CDD duced to Alberta. tion and awareness. mussel prevention. national campaign. Carry out early Yes. Partnering with Yes. The Government of No. Member groups detection moni- provincial government to Alberta has mussel and participate in mussel toring for invasive monitor in specific areas in veliger monitoring pro- monitoring using mussels? the province. Webinars. grams, of which the data substrate samplers, is uploaded to EDDMapS and SK MOE collects Alberta. water samples for velliger monitoring.

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 17 APPENDIX 4 INVASIVE MUSSEL CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS AND PROBABILITY OF INVASION

Figure 1. The current distribution of zebra mus- Figure 2. The current distribution of quagga sels in North America as of Feb 23, 2018 mussels in North America as of Feb 23, 2018 (Source: USGS NAS) (Source: USGS NAS)

Figure 3. Probability of zebra mussel invasion Figure 4. Probability of quagga mussel inva- of Canadian freshwater sub-drainages based sion of Canadian freshwater sub-drainages on probability of survival and arrival. Hatched based on probability of survival and arrival. watersheds had <5 sampling sites; therefore, a Hatched watersheds had <5 sampling sites; higher level of uncertainty associated with the therefore, a higher level of uncertainty corresponding invasion probability. associated with the corresponding invasion (Source: DFO’s Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid probability. Mussels in Canadian Freshwater Ecosystems, 2012) (Source: DFO’s Risk Assessment for Three Dreissenid Mussels in Canadian Freshwater Ecosystems, 2012)

Invasive Mussel Prevention Framework for Western Canada | 2018 18