DOCSLIB.ORG

Pakistan: the Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pakistan: the Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction Volume 5 Issue 1 The Journal of Mine Action Article 12 April 2001 Pakistan: The Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas Faiz Muhammad Fayyad Human Survival & Development (HSD) Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Fayyad, Faiz Muhammad (2001) "Pakistan: The Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas," Journal of Mine Action : Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 12. Available at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol5/iss1/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction by an authorized editor of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fayyad: Pakistan: The Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas Published by JMU Scholarly Commons, 2001 1 Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, Vol. 5, Iss. 1 [2001], Art. 12 Foundation for Landmine Victim Aid (H SD donors). families and become reintegrated into che household, occur weekly in the area, generally as a result of a lack of McGrath visited the affected areas, met with locals and community, and society. mine awareness training. Children and women are among interviewed victims. He compiled a derailed assessment To aid in rehabilitation efforts, H SD has installed a the most vulnerable groups that have become mine victims. report that proffered suggestions and recommendations, mine victim database. T he database is part of a larger BMA and RA, which were instituted in Bajaur on August substantiated our assertions and initial research, and called management informacion system (MIS) char incl udes, 2, 2000, are also an important pillar ofHSD mine action for support for a mine action project in response to che besides the database fo r mine victims, a geographical strategy. In the absence of these educational programs, the humanitarian disaster in FATA. information sys tem (GIS). In addition to that, it has a magnitude of the mine threat is multiplied. Following McGrath's assessment, HSD initiated a package fo r H SD fi nance. A package for ad ministration In an area with an unusually high death ratio, the HSD mine action program in Bajaur Agency through funding will also be developed, while a database for BMA and RA field ream prioritizes the teaching of first aid as part of its from the Swiss Federation for Mine Clearance and the Swiss education is being perfected. HSD has also proffered a progress mine awareness program. Measures taught include stopping Foundation for Landmine Victim Aid. This program is report on the conduction ofopera tional activities commenced profuse bleed ing and learning to guard against infections, on August 2, 2000. shocks or other typical afflictions. HSD performs this training in an arrempt to remedy the lack offir st aid training FATA Breakdown in the community and a lack of effective transport. In general, casualties must be initially transported to the local FATA is a collection of seven agencies, which, unfo r­ hospital fo r fi rst aid and then to the provincial metropolis tunately, have been neglected by successive governments hospital fo r treatment. By the rime victims reach the in Pakistan for the last 50 years. The policy of status quo hospital, colossal amounts of blood are lost. HSD's training has prevailed in chese areas, disall owing any concrete social would allow victims' initial treatment to be done on site. progress. FATA is geographically linked to the NWFP and To combat this problem on another level, HSD has constitutes these seven tribal agencies (six of which share a also secured two ambulances through irs donors. These freel y passed border with Afghanistan): South Waziristan, will be stationed in close proximity to the community of North Wazi ristan, Kurram, O rakzai, Khyber, Mohmand Bajaur to pass casualties to an equipped medical center. and Bajaur. Located within the seven districts are six tribal One of them is ready to be sent from Geneva. areas o r Frontier Regions, which constitute an area of Since August 2000, HSD has educated about 30,000 27,220 sq. km, or 2.6 percent of the total area of Pakistan: community members in schools, Madrassas (religious mines with a gun or stoning mines as a mine clearing • Womenmust Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Lakki, Tank, and Dera Ismai l schools), mosques, hujras (places for men to gather), and strategy, as determined by HSD surveys. Finally, a few of receive mine Khan. T he region consists of 3.1 million generally bazaars. The community has now largely accepted the mine the communi ty members have bought poor quality mine awareness education conservative, religious people. awareness program and is cooperating with HSD teams. detectors from the black marker and used them in separately from the • ICRC orthopedic Children, in particular, are displaying keen interest in the inappropriate manners. With no formal training from a male population. center in Wazir dedicated to the safety and integrated rehabilitation of mine Bajaur Agency class because of the easy and culturally appropriate medium mine action expert, the result has been a number of c/oFaiz Aklbar Khan. victims of FATA , functioning apart from the humanitarian of communicarion-Pushro-the local language. Due to accidents. The community is also not familiar with any Muhammad Fayyaz c/o ICRC!Zalmai Ahad mine clearance effort. Specifically, the program consists of Bajaur vall ey (area of 600 sq. miles) is a hilly area the cultural practice of excluding women during mine safe victim evacuation methods. Multiple casualties often Basic Mine Awareness (BMA) and Risk Avoidance (RA) located northwest o f Malakand. T he approximate awareness sessions in the schools, mosques and public result from the presence of multiple mines in the vicinity education and physical and socioeconomic rehabilitation population of 364,000 comprises two main tribes-the places, the H SD team urges the audience co transmit the of the victim. of the mine victims. Locals are also interviewed throughout Tarkhanis and Utmankhels. lessons to the females of the community, as well. After the program to determine household data. At present, HSD several meetings between the HSD executive director and Mine Awareness Materials is engaged in BMA and RA and collection of household BMAandRA other staff members wich community elders and religious data. It has recorded data for 599 mine victims and groups, the ream has been allowed to gain access to the HSD developed irs mine awareness material after educated about 25,000 locals. BMA aims to red uce casualties by promoting safe female child ren in the schools and mosques for cond ucting considering the needs and suffering of the local community. behavio r and facili tating appropriate responses to rhe awareness classes. It includes wooden mine models (appropriately painted) Rehabilitation problem. In general, programs provide information on the Throughout the course ofHSD field activities, we have of the common types of mines found and used in the identification of mines and UXO and the dangers they observed that the community has a few strange and region. In addition, there are two kinds of posters-one HSD's philosophy on rehabilitation goes beyond the pose, and seek to reach safe behavior to civilians living in dangerous ways of responding to landmines and casualties. depicting common types of mines found and used in the practice of mere physical rehabilitation, the provision of or moving into mine-affected areas. This incl udes guidance Our team d iscovered char members of the community use region and the other showing landscapes with mine means of mobility, and prosthesis/orthotics. It also involves on how to recognize a potentially mine or UXO-con­ whey (yogurt beaten to liquid form) over a victim's wounds. problems. Both these tools are used for instruction in rhe the integration of socioeconomic rehabilitation. For this taminated area, as well as what to do if someone accidentally This is not an isolated occurrence, but a widely practiced field. T he clear and simple message on the printed materials purpose, H SD has planned in irs project to provide the fi nds himself in che middle of a mine field. Instruction in exercise-a fact borne by the household survey HSD appears to be assimilated by rhe community. victims with skill development training and micro credits basic fi rst aid for mine victims is often a part of che program. conducted. Admittedly, this is harmful practice. HSD is HSD is using places like mosques, schools and hujras to establish and operate viable and profitable micro Teaching BMA and RA, especially to the most attempting to raise awareness in the community against fo r conducting irs BMA and RA classes. Such locations enterprises. In this way, the mine victims will be able to vulnerable gro ups, is important in Bajaur due to its the potential harm held by chis practice. A second ensure maximum attendance of all age groups of the earn steady incomes to support themselves and cheir land mine situati on. About two mine-related incidents dangerous practice widely seen in Bajaur is the shoo ring of community. Children and reachers are rhe target group in https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol5/iss1/12 • 32. - • 33 . 2 Fayyad: Pakistan: The Landmine Problem in Federally Administered Tribal Areas schools. In mosques, mullahs (religious groups) and other socioeconomic rehabilitation male members of the community assemble for prayers fi ve Case Studies shall require providing the times a day.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas Through Dental Morphology and Dna Analysis
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR TRIBES OF BUNER AND SWABI AREAS THROUGH DENTAL MORPHOLOGY AND DNA ANALYSIS MUHAMMAD TARIQ DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA 2017 I HAZARA UNIVERSITY MANSEHRA Department of Genetics GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR TRIBES OF BUNER AND SWABI AREAS THROUGH DENTAL MORPHOLOGY AND DNA ANALYSIS By Muhammad Tariq This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan Mansehra The Friday 17, February 2017 I ABSTRACT This dissertation is part of the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) funded project, “Enthnogenetic elaboration of KP through Dental Morphology and DNA analysis”. This study focused on five major ethnic groups (Gujars, Jadoons, Syeds, Tanolis, and Yousafzais) of Buner and Swabi Districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, through investigations of variations in morphological traits of the permanent tooth crown, and by molecular anthropology based on mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA analyses. The frequencies of seven dental traits, of the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) were scored as 17 tooth- trait combinations for each sample, encompassing a total sample size of 688 individuals. These data were compared to data collected in an identical fashion among samples of prehistoric inhabitants of the Indus Valley, southern Central Asia, and west-central peninsular India, as well as to samples of living members of ethnic groups from Abbottabad, Chitral, Haripur, and Mansehra Districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to samples of living members of ethnic groups residing in Gilgit-Baltistan. Similarities in dental trait frequencies were assessed with C.A.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghan Opiate Trade 2009.Indb
    ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium Copyright © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), October 2009 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), in the framework of the UNODC Trends Monitoring and Analysis Programme/Afghan Opiate Trade sub-Programme, and with the collaboration of the UNODC Country Office in Afghanistan and the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia. UNODC field offices for East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Southern Africa, South Asia and South Eastern Europe also provided feedback and support. A number of UNODC colleagues gave valuable inputs and comments, including, in particular, Thomas Pietschmann (Statistics and Surveys Section) who reviewed all the opiate statistics and flow estimates presented in this report. UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions which shared their knowledge and data with the report team, including, in particular, the Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan, the Afghan Border Police, the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and the World Customs Organization. Thanks also go to the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, Afghanistan. Report Team Research and report preparation: Hakan Demirbüken (Lead researcher, Afghan
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
    GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Qabail Led Community Support Project (QLCSP) Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized December 21, 2019 To be executed By Planning & Development Department (GoKP) Through Public Disclosure Authorized Directorate of Projects under the Merged Areas Secretariat (MAS) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP), through Directorate of Projects Planning & Development Department (DP&DD), intends to implement “Qabail Led Community Support Program (QLCSP”) in Khyber district of merged areas (MA) – the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)1 – and Peshawar and Nowshera districts of KP with the proposed assistance of the World Bank (WB).2 This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared to meet requirements of national legislation of Pakistan and World Bank environmental and social policy requirements to address potential negative impacts from the proposed project. Project Overview Background The Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA1000) aims to facilitate electricity trade between Central Asia and countries in South Asia by putting in place transmission infrastructure. As part of CASA1000 project, each participating country3 is implementing Community Support Programs (CSPs) to share the benefits associated with the project and to generate support among local communities. Project Area In Pakistan, the CASA1000 transmission line (TL) will pass through approximately 100 kilometer long territory passing through various parts of KP province. The project area accordingly lies in/includes Peshawar and Nowshera districts and Khyber district4 of merged areas (MA). Project Components The Project has four components as briefly described below; and its Project Development Objective (PDO) is “improve access to local infrastructure and strengthen community engagement in the project areas”.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Modern American Counterinsurgency: Evolution And
    Terrain, Tribes, and Terrorists: Pakistan, 2006-20081 By David J. Kilcullen, Partner, The Crumpton Group LLC Brookings Counterinsurgency and Pakistan Paper Series. No. 3. “The two main factors for you will be the terrain and the tribes. You have to know their game and learn to play it, which means you first have to understand their environment,” Professor Akbar Ahmed told me in May 2006. In the field, with military and civilian teams and local people in locations across Afghanistan and Pakistan at various times through the next three years, the wisdom of Professor Ahmed’s insight came home to me again and again. The fact is that the terrain and the tribes drive ninety percent of what happens on the Frontier, while the third factor, which accounts for the other ten percent, is the presence of transnational terrorists and our reaction to them. But things seem very different in Washington or London from how they seem in Peshawar, let alone in Bajaur, Khyber or Waziristan—in that great tangle of dust-colored ridges known as the Safed Koh, or “white mountains”. This is a southern limb of the Hindu Kush, the vast range that separates Afghanistan (which lies on the immense Iranian Plateau that stretches all the way to the Arabian Gulf) from the valley of the Indus, the northern geographical limit of the Indian subcontinent. The young Winston Churchill, campaigning here in 1897, wrote that “all along the Afghan border every man’s house is his castle. The villages are the fortifications, the fortifications are the villages. Every house is loopholed, and whether it has a tower or not depends only on its owner’s wealth.”2 “All the world was going ghaza” Churchill was describing the operations of the Malakand Field Force around the village of Damadola, in Bajaur Agency, during the Great Frontier War of 1897— a tribal uprising inspired and exploited by religious leaders who co-opted local tribes’ opposition to the encroachment of government authority (an alien and infidel presence) into their region.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of the Wild Food Plants in the Food System of Tribal Belt of Pakistan; the Pak - Afghan Border Region Abdullah and Shujaul Mulk Khan*
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 19 September 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0454.v1 Article Contribution of the Wild Food Plants in the Food System of Tribal Belt of Pakistan; The Pak - Afghan Border Region Abdullah and Shujaul Mulk Khan* Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The tribal belt of Pakistan-the Pak-Afghan border region is famous for its unique culture, ethnography and wild food plants and traditional knowledge. People of these regions gather wild plants for number of purposes including plants or plant parts for direct use, use it in the traditional cuisines and selling in local markets. However, there is huge lack of documentation of food system particularly the Wild Food Plants (WFPs). In current study we have focused on the uses and contributions of the WFPs in the tribal traditional food system. The ethnobotanical data were gathered through questionnaire surveys with Eighty-four informants 69 men and 15 women belonging to 21 different villages. We documented Sixty-three WFP species belonging to 34 botanical families, of which 27 were used as vegetables, 24 as fruits, 6 in different kinds of chutneys (starters) formation and six as fresh food species. Fruits were the mostly used part (40%) followed by leaves (24%), aerial parts (24%), seeds (7%), stem (3%), legume (2%) and young inflorescence (1%). Use of Carthamus oxycanthus & Pinus roxburghii seeds and Marsillea quadrifolia leaves were the novel reports for the gastronomy of Pakistan. The results elucidate that WFPs have a significant contribution in the Tribal Food Systems.
    [Show full text]
  • NEPAL: Assessing the Threat of Religious Conversion and Radicalisation
    SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF PEACE AND CONFLICT 25 OCTOBER 2020 South Asia Conflict Monitor monthly newsletter on terrorism, violence and armed conflict… CONTENT NEPAL: Assessing the Threat of Religious Conversion and Radicalisation Country Briefs & NEPAL: Assessing the Threat of Religious News Roundup Conversion and Radicalisation [September 2020] Some examples are the hijacking of Air India AFGHANISTAN: 4-5 Nihar R Nayak & Animesh Roul flight from Kathmandu in BANGLADESH: 6-7 October 25, 2020 1999, the arrest of Indian Mujahedeen terrorists INDIA: 7-10 Amidst the ongoing India-Nepal diplomatic tensions such as Yashin Bhatkal MALDIVES: 10 over border disputes, Nepal’s Prime Minister K P and Ariz Khan from the NEPAL: 11 Sharma Oli extended support for Indian proposal at Terai region and LeT PAKISTAN: 11-12 terrorist Mohammed the UN for a common definition for terrorism -- SRI LANKA: 13-14 Comprehensive Convention on International Umer Madani.[2] Terrorism (CCIT) -- during his speech at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on September 25, This indicates that 2020. In the speech, PM Oli “condemned terrorism in absence of active violence all its forms and manifestations, or other activities does not mean that there is no presence of terrorist inflicting pain and suffering on innocent people.” He groups/rebel groups in the country. It is often seen added, "We [Nepal and its citizens] call for an early that the domestic rebel groups and transnational conclusion of a comprehensive convention against terrorist outfits do not carry out any subversive terrorism”.[1] activities in a particular territory, region or county that is used as a shelter zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Environmental Examination Report ______
    Initial Environmental Examination Report ________________________________________ Project Number: 47021-002 Loan Number: 3239 PAK: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Water Resources Development Project Initial Environmental Examination Report for Command Area Development of Raghagan Dam, District Bajaur Prepared by Project Management Unit, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan For the Asian Development Bank Date received by ADB: October 2019 NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and its agencies ends on 30 June. (ii) In this report “$” refer to US dollars. This initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Project Management Unit • PMU FATA Water Resources Development Project FWRDP Merged Areas Secretariat FEDERALLY ADMINISTERED TRIBAL AREAS WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT OF RAGHAGAN DAM SUB PROJECT (BAJAUR DISTRICT) 2019 JOINT VENTURE: FATA WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT CONSULTANTS House # 3, Street # 1, Near Board Bazar, Tajabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Tel: +92 91 5601635 - 6 Fax: +92 91 5840807 E-mail: [email protected] Initial Environmental Examination: FATA Water Resources Development Project CARD Sub Project TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. Description Page No.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview: N.W.F.P. / F.A.T.A
    Overview: N.W.F.P. / F.A.T.A. ± TAJIKISTAN Zhuil ! Lasht ! Moghlang Nekhcherdim ! ! Mastuj Morich ! Nichagh Sub-division ! Muligram ! Druh ! Rayan ! Brep ! Zundrangram ! Garam Chashma Chapalli ! Bandok ! ! Drasan ! Arkari ! Sanoghar Nawasin ! Ghari ! CHITRAL Lon ! Afsik Besti ! ! Nichagh ! Harchin Dung ! Gushten Beshgram ! ! Laspur ! Imirdin ! Mogh Maroi ! ! Darband ! Koghozi ! Serki ! Singur ! AFGHANISTAN Chitral Sub-division Goki Shahi ! Nekratok ! JAMMU AND KASHMIR Kuru Atchiku Paspat ! ! ! Brumboret ! Kalam Tar ! Gabrial SWAT ! Drosh ! Banda-i- Kalam Sazin ! ! Dong Utrot ! Lamutai ! Mirkhani ! Halil ! ! Harianai ! Babuzai Dammer ! Nissar Sur ! Biar Banda Dassu Sub-division ! ! Biaso Dir Sub-division ! Gujar Banda Arandu ! Chodgram KOHISTAN Chochun ! ! ! Ayagai ! Bahrain Dadabund UPPER DIR Banda ! Bahrain ! ! Ushiri Pattan Sub-division ! Chachargah Chutiatan Daber ! ! ! Baiaul Patan Bandai ! ! Kwana ! Matta Sebujni Fazildin-Ki-Basti Gidar ! Nachkara ! ! Bara Khandak Drush Palas Sub-division Shenkhor ! Khel ! Saral Matta ! Alpuri Tehsil Baihk Aligram Domela ! Wari Sub-division ! Rambakai ! Khararai ! Barwa Domel ! ! Burawai Jandool Dardial Khwazakhela ! ! Khal Alamganj Shang BAJAUR Sub-division ! ! Bar ! Kaga Kotkai ! ! Pokal Pashat Kabal ! ! Dadai Mian ! SHANGLA Allai Tehsil ! Kili LOWER DIR Galoch Charbagh Bisham Mamund Salarzai ! Te h si l Tehsil Khongi Aspanr Chakisar Tehsil! Bala Kot Tehsil ! ! Mongora Alagram Dandai BATAGRAM !Khalozai Utman ! ! Tehsil Lari Anangurai Ajoo ! Nawagai Khel ! ! Jatkol Panjnadi Khar Bajaur Babuzai !
    [Show full text]
  • Legend !! Settlements
    Bajaur Legend !! Settlements Ambar !^! National Khana ! ! Janogai !! ! Dzhanogay Province Bangal ! ! Babail ! Bagandail !! ! ! District Tindatok Taran ! Tindata ! Letai Batwar ! ! ! Takhto Manzai ! Roads Adam Lakian Kambelai Adad ! Jambal ! Shagai ! ! Banda Loe Kili! Gabar ! ! ! ! Sadokai Banda Dabbarai ! Tandoka Tsapparai ! Okashin ! ! Sagargam Arkhai ! Jabagai Primary ! Raja Kadok ! ! ! ! Banda Kansair Gawa Sarkai ! ! ! ! Kaga Jabrarai ! Secondary Kharkai Churak Gambat Dresari Lower Mano ! Odigram ! Bandarai ! ! Bigal Zangal ! Nao ! Shah Arkanai ! ! Urbali Nara ! !! Doparai Afghanistan ! ! Loegram Sarai ! Giro Tertiary Mukha Kharkai Shah Daman ! ! Topan Kharo Kili ! ! Dir ! Naraza! Chinar Karo ! Dandkoi ! ! Shah ! ! ! ! ! Shah Derogat Tangu Gabarai Shah ! Kalpani Shingergul Dandukai ! ! ! ! Salarza!i Koruna ! Gatkai ! ! Kharkai Pashat ! ! Kafirgat International Boundary Girdai Shahi Atkai Laku Kats ! Batmalai Chinargo Dand ! Bagh ! Damangai! Awi Shah Tangai ! ! ! ! ! ! Chilargam Bilmaskot ! Sangu ! Sadokai ! ! Dheri! Dagai ! Malangai Bajezo Balamkhar ! Mator Province Boundary ! ! ! ! Dolasmanai ! Mamund ! Banda Changar Tandai Krewon Lar Chingai ! ! Zagai Almazo ! Kandaro ! Darga Kitkot ! Mulla Saiyid ! ! ! Badalai ! Bara Zaga Zara ! ! D!okarai! Wanda District Boundary Gat Salarzai ! Malkanai Timergara ! Shahgo Tarala Raidauno ! Gilai ! Agra ! ! ! ! ! Adai Jhangzai Matta ! Gidar Shahi ! ! ! Shin Katai ! Tatai ! !! Zari ! Dabar Shah Ghakhai ! Zaga Dherai ! Tehs! il ! ! ! ! Dwagai Amanata ! Chaotra Rasha Khairai Teshil Boundary ! Irab
    [Show full text]
  • North-West Frontier Province 1-125
    IMPERIAL GAZETTEER OF INDIA PROVINCIAL SERIES NORTH-WEST FRONTIER ~ ' r PROVINCE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING CALCUTTA 1908 Price Rs. 2-8, or 3^. 9^.] OXFORD : HORACE HART PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY SEP i? 1968 PREFACE THE articles contained in this volume were originally drafted by Mr. H. A. Rose, I.C.S., and were afterwards examined by the District and Political Officers concerned. In preparing the Provincial article valuable assistance was received from heads of departments. Mr. E. B. Howell, I.C.S., who was in charge of the final revision, has added later statistics and much interesting information, especially in the articles on Tribal Areas. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE 1-125 PHYSICAL ASPECTS . 1-12 Position and boundaries ...... i Natural features and scenery i Mountain systems . ... 3 Rivers ......... 4 Geology 4 Crystalline, igneous, and metamorphic rocks . 4 Tanawals ........ 5 Basic dikes 5 The Attock slate series 5 Mesozoic, Tertiary, and post-Tertiary rocks to the south 5 Infra- Trias (Devonian ?) 5 Trias ......... 6 Jurassics ..." . 6 Cretaceous 6 Nummulitic (eocene) ...... 7 Post-Tertiary and recent ..... 7 Flora 8 Fauna . * 10 ; Climate and temperature . ir Rainfall ......... n HISTORY 12-26 The Persians ........ 12 The Greeks . 13 The Bactrians . 13 The Kushans . 14 Later Kushans and White Huns .... 14 The Muhammadans . 15 The Ghorids . 15 Timur . > . 16 The Afghans . 16 The Mughals ........ 16 Tribal rebellions . 17 Decay of Mughal power . 1 8 Sikhs . The . , ... 18 The British 19 The Mutiny 19 ' Expeditions against frontier tribes . 20 l849~57 ' 20 8 . 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS v PAGE Second Afghan War, 1878-80 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Pashtun Tribes Mohamed Umer Khan Royal
    Re-emergent Pre-State Substructures: The Case of the Pashtun Tribes Mohamed Umer khan Royal Holloway, University of London Department of Politics & International Relations PhD March 2011 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Mohamed Umer Khan, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ 2 Abstract This study explores borderlands as a function of the imposition of the post-colonial state upon primary structures of identity, polity and social organisation which may be sub-state, national or trans-state in nature. This imposition, particularly in the postcolonial experience of Asia, manifests itself in incongruence between identities of nation and state, between authority and legitimacy, and between beliefs and systems, each of which is most acutely demonstrated in the dynamic borderlands where the competition for influence between non-state and state centres of political gravity is played out. The instability in borderlands is a product of the re-territorialisation of pre-state primary structures, and the state’s efforts in accommodating, assimilating or suppressing these structures through a combination of militarisation, providing opportunities for greater political enfranchisement, and the structure of trans-borderland economic flows. The Pashtun tribes of the Afghan borderland between Pakistan and Afghanistan are exhibiting a resurgence of autonomy from the state, as part of the re-territorialisation of the primary substructure of Pakhtunkhwa that underlies southern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. This phenomenon is localised, tribally driven, and replicated across the entirety of Pakhtunkhwa. It is a product of the pashtunwali mandated autonomy of zai from which every kor, killi and khel derives its security, and through the protection of which each is able to raise its nang, and is able to realise its position within the larger clan or tribe.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN, YEAR 2017: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 18 June 2018
    PAKISTAN, YEAR 2017: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 18 June 2018 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; China/India bor- der status: CIA, 2006; Kashmir border status: CIA, 2004; geodata of disputed borders: GADM, November 2015a; Nat- ural Earth, undated; incident data: ACLED, June 2018; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 PAKISTAN, YEAR 2017: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 18 JUNE 2018 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Riots/protests 3644 6 7 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 325 249 915 Development of conflict incidents in 2017 2 Remote violence 169 74 388 Violence against civilians 124 85 291 Methodology 3 Strategic developments 67 0 0 Conflict incidents per province 4 Total 4329 414 1601 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, June 2018). Localization of conflict incidents 4 Disclaimer 6 Development of conflict incidents in 2017 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, June 2018). 2 PAKISTAN, YEAR 2017: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 18 JUNE 2018 Methodology an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province is known.
    [Show full text]