10.1515/nor-2017-0406 Nordicom Review 38 (2017) 1, pp. 127-135

Book Reviews

Editors: Ragnhild Mølster & Maarit Jaakkola

Martin Eide, Helle Sjøvaag & Leif Ove Larsen (eds.) Journalism Re-Examined: Digital Challenges and Professional Orientation (Lessons from Northern Europe) Intellect Ltd., 2016, 215 p.

The question of a sustainable path for journal- because of its institutional nature. Chapter ism has been the subject of interest for many 5 by Jan Fredrik Hovden is a good example observers, both in the Nordic countries and of this. Despite many changes in the market beyond. The book Journalism Re-Examined and working conditions, the values of inves- presents a number of well-researched and em- tigative journalism persist and they are even pirically enlightening case studies that show becoming more influential. Hovden’s impres- the depth and variety of the journalistic pro- sive systematic approach and large amount of fession, which is a helpful invitation to think quantitative data from surveys with Nordic about the topic in terms of institutional theory journalism students from 2005-2012 enable and to see journalism as an institution or field, him to conclude that ‘the slimming down of and thus more than a mere profession. the multifaceted task for journalist in modern Two of the editors, Martin Eide and Helle society is ambiguous not only in its causes Sjøvaag, set out the new institutionalist theo- but also in its consequences’. This he sees in retical framework, which they propose as a terms of increased specialisation and as an helpful tool to analyse the challenges facing example of the re-orientations of journalism journalism in a digital age. They present the in the modern age. different case studies and thus the chapters The book, like previous examples of analy- of the book and they argue cogently through sis of new challenges facing journalism in a their chapter that new institutionalism is digital world, shows how slow change is and particularly fruitful, because it allows more why we as scholars need to constantly compare room for human agency and the duality of the new and the old when researching jour- structure and agency than older institutional nalism and journalistic practices. Even digital approaches. challenges and struggling business models do The theoretical arguments build on the not seem to change the fact that print identities previous work of David Ryfe (2006) and the are strongly present online, as Helle Sjøvaag editors highlight that many of the chapters shows in her comprehensive analysis of online paradoxically show that despite the digital and offline content (chapter 7). challenges facing journalism and the profes- Especially original and intriguing are the sion, no profound changes can be detected chapters on algorithms in the newsrooms

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(chapter 6), online debates (chapter 9), in- in levels of mediatisation. However, the chap- terpretative journalism (chapter 10) and the ter also illustrates that institutional theory analysis of the relations between blogs, books does not factor in the complex hierarchies and journalism (chapter 11). These chapters of production and reception of media con- are taking the first and important steps to- tent, which is likely to influence the variation wards including different genres and areas observed between the coverage, number of into research on journalism, as these areas sources and the different levels of originality have not previously been seen as traditional discussed in Ørsten’s chapter. journalism and thus not subjects relevant for The new institutional approach is mainly journalism research. It is interesting and in- discussed in the opening chapter ‘Journalism deed important to show, like Brita Ytre-Arne as an institution’, where Eide and Sjøvaag ar- does in her chapter, how the blogosphere can gue that despite the challenges that are mak- be viewed as being made up of overlapping ing institutions re-orientate themselves, one thematic communities and as sub-publics that sees more stability than change. The authors can give new voices to marginalised groups introduce concepts of ‘border maintenance’ and provide potential for power and agency (Gieryn 1983) to explain this structural stabil- between journalistic institutions and those ity. But the book only provides a few empirical overlapping it. examples of how this maintenance work on The case study chapters are however mainly the borders of journalistic institutions actu- empirical and leave little space to discuss the ally take place. overall new institutional framework. And a Examples of what could be seen as bound- discussion of the limits and challenges to this ary maintenance is provided in some of the theory in the light of the different conclusions interview examples in Tania Bucher’s chap- would have been welcome, especially as this ter (6). She investigates algorithms as actors theoretical framework is a specific focus of the in the news production from a Science and book. For example, the chapters of Rodney Technology Studies perspective (SNS), by in- Benson (chapter 3) and Jan Fredrik Hovden terviewing directors, editors and developers (chapter 5) provides a framework of analysis from large Scandinavian news organisations. partly based on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. She provides an excellent analysis of how the But the ongoing discussion of the concepts of algorithms are both material and discursive in field and institutions (see for example Benson, ways that might contest and change existing 2006) can be merged and how they differ in ways of doing and thinking about journal- focus is by large ignored, even though hav- ism. It would have been interesting to consider ing both approaches in a book with a focus whether new institutional theory could have on new institutional focus might invite this provided the same focus on the material ob- discussion. It is worth noting that institutional jects of analysis, in this case the algorithm? theory originates in organisational theory, This touches upon the question of agency while field theory originates in practice-ori- which the editors argue is exactly the contri- entated sociology. bution of new institutional theory. Reading Institutional theory has been criticised for the different chapters, however, we find little not explaining heterogeneity and homoge- evidence for agency, as that which we do find neity across media organisations. However, seems to come from outside the journalistic Mark Blach Ørsten’s chapter (11) uses the new institution, at least if you define the institution institutionalist framework to highlight such as the journalistic profession, for example, in variation of different news beats in great de- the case of blogs or in the case of newspa- tail. Ørsten brings the concept of mediatisa- pers debates on social media. These changes tion into the analysis and the conclusion thus are framed well in the other main theoreti- illustrates the challenges to the mediatisation cal chapter by Martin Eide, which suggests theory, as it is unable to explain the variation re-orientations as a concept to capture the

128 Book Reviews changes that challenge the journalistic ontol- ond volume. Keeping these questions in mind, ogy. It leaves us with the question of whether I would recommend the book to both students we can speak of one overall journalistic ontol- and scholars who are not already familiar with ogy? In this chapter, it is a little unclear how new institutional approaches and to anyone the institution of journalism differs from the concerned with the re-orientations of journal- concept of a journalistic profession, as these ism in a digital age. two concepts seem to be used interchange- ably. Eide, for example, distinguishes between Jannie Møller Hartley citizen journalists and professional journalists, Associate Professor and the definition of the last group seems to Department of Communication and Arts be that they are part of the journalistic insti- Roskilde University tution. But as many have asked, ‘what con- stitutes a field?’ similarly we can ask, ‘what References constitutes the institution?’ How can we use the micro-level framework of rules and norms Benson, Rodley (2006). News Media as a ‘Journalistic Field’: What Bourdieu Adds to New Institution- that new institutionalism offers to empirically alism, and Vice Versa. Political Communication, examine what the journalistic institution is 23(April 2006): 187-202. and if journalistic professionalism is actually Gieryn, Thomas F. (1983). Boundary-Work and the a form of maintenance control? Similarly, we Demarcation of Science From Non-Science: might ask what the relations are between the Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists. American Sociological Review, different institutions overlapping with the in- 48(6): 781-795. stitution of journalism? There are thus many Ryfe, David M. (2006). The Nature of News Rules. more theoretical questions to tackle in a sec- Political Communication 23(2): 203-214.

Elisabet Björklund & Mariah Larsson (eds.) Swedish Cinema and the : Critical Essays Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2016, 248 p.

The image of ‘Swedish sin’ has its roots in tion, edited by Elisabet Björklund and Mariah Swedish cinema of the 1950s and ‘60s, which Larsson, address the reception in the U.S. and saw the birth and success of films such asOne in of a selection of these films, while Summer of Happiness, , also providing context, background and some (Yellow), as well as in a subse- of the influences to explain the sensuality and quent wave of sex films in the and early sexuality in Swedish films from this period. 70’s. Or rather, the image of Swedish film as In so doing, the seventeen essays in the book sexually liberal or ‘dirty’ (and, by extension, provide a nuancing of stereotypes and mis- of Sweden as a land of sexual revolution) conceptions regarding the ‘sinful’ Swedish stems from the reception of these films, in cinema, along with fruitful discussions of Sweden as well as abroad. The critical essays their impact on genre, gender and nationality. in Swedish Cinema and the Sexual Revolu- The forging of an image of Sweden as sexu-

129 Nordicom Review 38 (2017) 1 ally progressive involved the active participa- demonstrate in their essay ‘Illegally Blond: tion of a number of institutions and individu- Swedish Sin and in U.S. and als. Three of the essays in this volume focus on Swedish Imaginations 1955-1971’. They ad- the role of the National Board of Film Censors dress how the notion of ‘Swedish sin’ devel- and the Swedish Film Institute, including a oped over time and influenced political de- closer analysis of the part played by Harry bates about pornography in both America and Schein. In ‘Institutionalized Sexploitation? Sweden. Their analysis of official documents The Swedish Film Institute and Research on and press debates in the U.S. and in Sweden the Effects of Cinema in the 1960s’, Per Vest- shows how Swedish politicians handled the erlund explores how academic research came image of Sweden as a sexual paradise by try- to be involved in the liberalization of film cen- ing to counter the misrepresentations linking sorship through Harry Schein’s and the Film social democratic politics and secular society Research Group’s initiative to launch studies to moral decline. As the ‘sinful’ image per- into the impact of films on audiences – par- sisted, they instead tried to link it to positive ticularly the effect of sexual representations on trends such as women-friendly legislation, viewers. Maaret Koskinen examines the axis of progressive politics in social matters and a free power that Schein was part of, together with view of culture and pornography – in contrast other powerful men such as to a suggested double standard in the U.S., and Prime Minister , in her essay where the acceptance of violence on film ran ‘P(owe)R, Sex and Swedish Style’. counter to Christian morals. As the feminist Through her analysis of hitherto unpublished movement in the 1970s began to oppose por- archive material, Koskinen shows how lines nography’s sexual objectification of women, it between personal and political power were became more difficult for pornographers and blurred. Schein was able to influence on Swed- politicians alike to claim that Swedish pornog- ish film politics and censorship because he did raphy was connected to progressive Swedish not hesitate to use his political contacts for female emancipation. instance when it came to assigning members Ulf Jonas Björk and Kevin Heffernan to the Film Review Council. Koskinen fur- discuss the impact of Swedish films on the ther demonstrates how Schein used his pow- American and the international erotic film erful position in the cultural field to advance industry in their respective essays. In ‘A Bergman’s career, not least in the American Modicum of Social Value? The Critical and market. Even though Schein played the part Legal Discussion of I Am Curious (Yellow) in of ‘a dictator (albeit benevolent)’, Koskinen America’, Björk places the reception of Vilgot concludes by stressing that he acted for the Sjöman’s film in the context of the changing good of Swedish film culture. legal definition of obscenity that started in Lars Diurlin examines the periodical Film the U.S. in the 1950s and that made courts in Sweden in his chapter ‘Egrets in the Porno consider not only isolated sexually explicit Swamp: The Swedish Film Institute and Swed- scenes or passages, but the work in its entire- ish Sin’. He reveals and discusses the paradox ty. Graphical depictions were to be judged in in how the SFI positioned itself during the the overall context of the film, and balanced 1970s. On the one hand, it drew on the com- against the artistic, educational or social value mercial potential of nudity and sexual refer- of the work. With its mix of political satire, ences to brand Swedish films in the interna- of fictional and documentary material and tional market. On the other hand, they worked the story of a sexual affair, I Am Curious (Yel- to change the perception of Swedish sex films low) provided an interesting test case for this as immoral. new legal praxis. Kevin Heffernan discusses The American reception played a crucial two of Joe Sarno’s films (Butterfly, 1975, and part in the construction of ‘Swedish sin’ as a Come and Blow the Horn, 1978), focusing on notion, as Klara Arnberg and Carl Marklund the relationship between a contested and am-

130 Book Reviews bivalent ‘Swedish’ erotic cinema and the role Bengtsson highlights a shift in Swedish critical of international finance and distribution in the discourse that had severe consequences for essay ‘Many of Your Finer Nudie Films: Saga Mattsson’s career, in ‘Ann and Eve: A Film- Film, Swedish National Cinema and Seven- maker Strikes Back’. He shows how Ann and ties Transnational Erotic Film’. The Swedish Eve is Mattsson’s artistic revenge to the critics film industry was involved in crucial changes who favoured auteurs and art films over en- in international adult cinema through films tertainment films made by skillful craftsmen produced in Sweden as well as in investment such as Mattsson. in international production and distribution. Anu Koivunen addresses other changes Hefferman concludes that the Swedish sex in the media landscape in her discussion of films of the hardcore era display hybrid and Jörn Donner’s film To Love (1964), in her contradictory discourses of genre, national essay ‘Pillow Talk, Swedish Style’. Donner’s identity and the star system. film mixes intimate chamber drama with sex Institutions and powerful people aside, the parody. Starting out with a funeral scene, it films themselves and their depictions of sexu- develops into a depiction of the playful erotic ality did of course play an important role for games the young widow Louise engages in the ‘Swedish sin’ concept. of Swed- with Fredrik, an international travel agency ish summer is particularly productive when it clerk. To Love both employed and rejected the comes to the construction of a certain ‘brand’ legacy of ‘Swedish sin’, and was likewise torn of filmic sensuality and sexuality. Arne Lunde between art cinema and sex film, Koivunen and Anders Marklund provide analyses of the argues. As such, it was symptomatic of wider iconic Swedish summer in their respective transformations of the public sphere and the essays; the former focusing on the reception encounters between cinema culture and the of the erotic films of Ingmar Bergman in the mediatized sex scene in Sweden as well as in U.S., the latter on representations of sexual other countries. encounters in films from 1951 including the Turning to the personal and the psycho- norm-breaching One Summer of Happiness. logical, Anders Wilhelm Åberg focuses on Discussing films of a later date, five essays the filmmaker Vilgot Sjöman in his essay focus on art, sexploitation and pornography. ‘Her Body, His Self: Authorship and Gender Mariah Larsson discusses Weekend in Stock- in I Am Curious (Yellow) and I Am Curious holm, by Anne-Marie Berglund, a film that (Blue)’. He reads Sjöman’s I Am Curious dip- stands out both among the Swedish porn films tych through a psychoanalytical lens, argu- and among female-authored films. As Lars- ing that the actor can be seen son demonstrates, it also distinguishes itself as a proxy for the male author-subject. This from Berglund’s subsequent work as a poet creative play with shifting roles would in part and novelist, by its format as well as its genre, explain why Nyman’s performance in the films even though sexuality is a recurring theme in have been belittled and underrated. her oeuvre. Considering Berglund’s artistic Mats Björkin discusses the most famous work as a whole, and the persona connected porn film of the 1970s in ‘Come and Blow the to it, Larsson convincingly argues that Week- Horn: Sound, Sex and Cultural Heritage’. In- end in blurs the otherwise quite terestingly, the most Swedish of all ‘Swedish clear line between art and porn, as it forms sin’ films was directed by an American, Joe part of an authorial repertoire situated within Sarno, who firmly positions the film as pre- ‘high-brow’ culture. Another kind of high/low cisely ‘Swedish’ by situating it at one of the cultural clash led to the professional suicide of most Swedish locations one could possibly im- the director of the iconic One Summer of Hap- agine, the fäbod (traditional summer farm) in piness, Arne Mattsson. Through careful con- a region that represents the cultural and his- textualization and a nuanced reading of his torical heart of Swedishness, Dalarna. Sarno sexploitation film Ann and Eve (1970), Bengt however mixes cultural history with popular

131 Nordicom Review 38 (2017) 1 images thereof, for instance by having the pro- the studied period, as the sentences got milder tagonist blow not a traditional wooden fäbod with time. Gustafsson reads this development horn but a metal one, which is more redolent as a foreshadowing of the sexual revolution in of a Viking context. Furthermore, Sarno mixes the 1960s. the complex web of gender relations that in- Lena Lennerhed’s essay ‘491 and the Cen- volves male sexualization of a pre-industrial sorship Controversy’ addresses the debate culture of relatively independent women. Old around Vilgot Sjöman’s controversial film and traditions are combined with modern ones to its impact on the liberalization of film censor- better fit the changing perceptions of Sweden ship. She shows how the 491 debate was one and its history. Björkin suggests that hardcore of the reasons the authorities commissioned pornographic aesthetics are perhaps what is a public inquiry into film censorship in 1964. needed in order to reveal the consequences The report proposed that censorship of films of urbanization and modern tourism, envi- for adults be abolished, which was however ronmentalism, the revival of folk culture and not realized until 2011. Nevertheless, censor- nationalism. ship practice changed considerably after the In a section devoted to ‘Obscenity and debate sparked by 491, and the boundaries of Censorship’, controversies and censorship what could be depicted in films were pushed. are discussed from different vantage points: Elisabet Björklund also discusses the 1964 that of a pre-legalization era, in Tommy Gus- public inquiry, as well as the inquiry in 1965 tafsson’s essay ‘Illegal Screenings of Porno- on the boundaries of free speech, in her chap- graphic Films for Public Audiences in Swe- ter on ‘The Limits of Sexual Depictions in the den, 1921-1943’, as well as that of the 1960’s Late 1960s’. Björklund examines what was un- and its crucial debates and public inquiries derstood as pornographic, and what kinds of into film censorship and freedom of speech. sexuality were considered problematic in the Gustafsson examines a phenomenon that has films reviewed by the National Board of Film hitherto received little scholarly attention: the Censors between 1965 and 1971. She con- semi-public, after-hour screenings of illegal vincingly demonstrates that the path towards pornographic films in movie theatres and the the liberalization of Swedish films involved a informal distribution system connected to number of negotiations of what was acceptable them. His primary material consists of three or not in filmic representations of sexuality. court cases, from 1921, 1931 and 1943 – a Drawing on Gayle Rubin’s concepts of the ‘in- rather rare corpus, as pornographic screen- ner circle’ of ‘good’ sex versus the ‘outer lim- ings were seldom reported to the authorities. its’ of ‘bad’ sex, Björklund demonstrates how Nevertheless, the semi-public screenings were sexual liberalism regarding film was valid only less protected from the forces of order than for what was seen as ‘good’ sex. This excluded the private, closed setting of stag parties in representations of rape as well as of BDSM which upper middle class men had previously sex, while portrayals of sexuality connected to viewed pornographic films. With the move love and equality were increasingly accepted from private settings to semi-public venues, even as they became more graphic. Björklund the producers, distributors and exhibitors of makes the important point that even after the the illegal films became more vulnerable. Sig- legalization of pornography in 1971, depic- nificantly, Gustafsson notes, they were lower tions of sex could be controlled through cen- class and working class, just like the audience sorship: representations that were considered in these public venues. His analysis of the ‘brutalizing’ or ‘harmfully exciting’ would be court cases reveals a clear societal rejection of censored. Björklund thus challenges the idea pornographic films. Yet, at the same time, the that liberalization of film censorship in Swe- screenings of such films were an ‘open secret’, den was a straightforward process. and thus tolerated at some level. His study Swedish Cinema and the Sexual Revolu- further suggests a change in attitude during tion debunks myths about the origins and the

132 Book Reviews evolution of the notion of ‘Swedish sin’ that is Swedish (and ‘Swedish’) cinema, both in Swe- linked to a number of Swedish films depicting den and in the United States. sensuality and sexuality, from to sex- ploitation cinema. The anthology’s wide range Malin Isaksson, of analytical perspectives and material results Senior Lecturer in a collection that provides a nuanced por- Department of Language Studies trait of the sexual revolution in and through Umeå University

Peter Simonson & David W. Park (eds.) The International History of Communication Study Routledge, 2016, 528 p.

The edited volume with 23 contributions by munication field by considering key people, authors from diverse national backgrounds institutions such as departments and schools, is an ambitious project. With seven sections funding bodies, as well as professional as- addressing ‘New Theories’, ‘Transnational sociations and concepts from a primarily na- Organizations’, ‘Europe’, ‘North America’, tional perspective. At the same time, many ‘Latin America’, ‘Asia’ as well as ‘Africa and of the chapters show border crossings and the Middle East’, the editors aim not only to the international character of the field. In that present an inclusive and comprehensive rep- sense, the contributions in many ways apply resentation of the study of communication as the suggested theoretical approach of histoire a field but also to break with old stereotypes croisée developed by Maria Löblich and and dominant ways of writing its complex Stefanie Averbeck-Lietz in the chapter The history. Each of the sections is introduced Transnational Flow of Ideas and operation- with a short note presenting the main argu- alise the entanglement of ideas, biographies ments and many chapters include sections and institutions. with further readings beyond the referenced While I was working on this review, I at- literature, contributing to the richness of the tended a research seminar on the history of collection. software. The speaker suggested the notion The book is thus not only ambitious in its of cultural techniques (Siegert 2013, Win- sheer size – 527 pages – but also in its scope throp-Young 2013) for bringing together and aim of revising the field of communica- discussions on materiality, practices as well tion history. The editors argue that ‘the col- as signs and text into the historical analysis lection offers genealogies of our presents, of software. Using the example of business charting flows and transnational interactions games, he suggested that practices often pre- mediated through institutions, individuals, clude discourse. In this case, that meant that networks, texts, and broader geopolitical the business games of the 1950s and 1960s landscapes over the past century’ (p. 8). Fol- brought playful aspects to the field of man- lowing a mainly regional division, most of agement, predating changes that Luc Boltan- the chapters develop a history of the com- ski and Eve Chiapello addressed in the New

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Spirit of Capitalism in the 1970s (Boltanski an international towards a transnational ap- & Chiapello 2005). If we draw a parallel to proach of the history of communication. This the International History of Communication also addresses a second challenge that the Study, one could argue that doing communi- book faces. Its ambition to write the history cation research as a practice exists before the of communication study in the singular that discourse on how the field of communication the title suggests does not do justice to the evolved is produced. The book is thus an at- rich multiplicity of histories gathered in the tempt to reflect not only on the field of com- volume. While publishers often push authors munication, but also on the practices of doing and editors towards certain formulations historical research. The introduction address- when it comes to titles, this issue could been es this meta-analytical aim as “A History of addressed in the introduction. Histories of Communication Study” (p. 3). Interestingly, the book argues for the broad Similarly, the two chapters by Löblich and and interdisciplinary character of the rather Averbeck-Lietz as well as that by Ashcraft young field of communication studies. At the and Simonson in the ‘New Theories’ section same time, all of the 24 contributors – with present theoretical approaches to writing his- one or two exceptions – have their discipli- tory and address flaws of earlier approaches. nary base in communication departments of The second section addresses ‘Transnational various kinds. This is an indicator that the Organizations’ as central agents in the field’s field has reached stabilization with academics development. The subsequent sections are being exclusively trained and working within dedicated to regional histories. The strong- communication studies, but it also opens up est and most interesting part of the volume the question of who is allowed to write the are the chapters that transcend regional divi- history of the field as such and what parts sions, presenting truly transnational attempts of the history are still excluded, not only in of history writing. The structure focusing on terms of marginalised people, concepts and regions has the effect of reproducing old institutions, but also in terms of transdisci- divisions within the communications field plinary border crossings. I am now hoping in particular because often marginalised for a new volume that presents the interdisci- countries are gathered in the very back of plinary history of communication study that the book while European and American his- shows more clearly the history of different tories are placed centrally. At the same time disciplines influencing the study of commu- this regional division is difficult to uphold, nication and how interdisciplinary the field since many of the chapters address figures, is today. institutions and concepts that transcend or As a side note, from a Nordic perspective move between regions. For example, Elisa- it is interesting to see Kaarle Nordenstreng beth Klaus and Josef Seethaler’s chapter en- emerging in many of the chapters as both an titled ‘Crossing the Borders: Herta Herzog’s agent who had a strong impact on the devel- Work in Communication and Marketing Re- opment of the field and also as its chronicler, search’ could have easily been placed in the who is very much aware of the importance of section on Europe. Similarly, the chapter by writing a history of the discipline. I hope we Chunfeng Lin and John Nerone on the role of do not have to wait too long for an analysis Wilbur Schramm in the development of com- of Kaarle’s role in the development of the munication studies in China speaks to devel- field. opments of the field in North America. Other In conclusion, the short section introduc- concepts and scholars are similarly presented tions, the theoretical and transnational sec- as moving between different regions. In that tions as well as the regional sections and in sense, the organizational principles maybe addition the accessible style of most of the as well have been ‘institutions, individuals, chapters makes this volume a very rich re- networks, [and] texts’ (p. 8) moving from source for advanced students and scholars

134 Book Reviews with an interest in the history of the commu- References nication studies field. The volume reflects the Boltanski, Luc, & Chiapello, Eve (2005). The New breath and richness of the field, while remain- Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Verso. ing very specific and specialised in its scope, Siegert, Bernhard (2013). Cultural Techniques: Or the End of the Intellectual Postwar Era in Ger- which is a difficult task to master. man Media Theory. Theory, Culture and Society, Anne Kaun 30(6), 48-65. Senior Lecturer Winthrop-Young, Geoffrey (2013). Cultural School of Culture and Education Techniques: Preliminary Remarks. The- Södertörn University ory, Culture and Society, 30(6), 3-19. doi:10.1177/0263276413500828

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