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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in East Asia and the Pacific

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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in East Asia and the Pacific WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ANNUAL RESULTS REPORT 2020 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ANNUAL RESULTS REPORT 2020 Prepared by the: UNICEF EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC REGIONAL OFFICE (EAPRO) March 2021 The designation of geographical entities in this paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNICEF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNICEF. Published by: UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Copyright: © 2021 UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Cover photo: © UNICEF/Myanmar/Ye Min Aung UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office 19 Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200 Thailand. Email: [email protected] Website: www.unicef.org/eapro EXPRESSION OF THANKS UNICEF would like to express thanks to its resources partners, including the Government of Australia, the Government of Sweden, and the various UNICEF National Committees in particular Japan, Sweden, Australia and Luxemburg that have contributed to supporting the work in 2020 for the children in the East Asia and Pacific region and globally. The same appreciation goes to regional entities, United Nations bodies, international non-governmental organizations, academia and the private sector for their continuous support to the UNICEF programme. UNICEF will continue to work together with governments in various countries in the region, and with the sector constituencies, including regional and global water and sanitation entities to fulfil the human rights for water and sanitation. These contributions and support have ensured that vulnerable children and their families in the East Asia and Pacific region have increased access to climate resilient water and sanitation services. The thematic funding provided to UNICEF has been carefully used to innovate in many ways to support the policy development and reviews, and to create new programmatic areas of work that include young people, different groups in society, the private sector and the non-traditional scope of our interventions (police, quarantine centres, public spaces). The flexibility around the thematic fund allows long-term planning to make the WASH programme more resilient and sustainable. The support through thematic fund reflects the trust that resource partners have in UNICEF programming and UNICEF’s ability to report on the use of the resources provided, with many of the results described in this report. UNICEF thanks all our partners for their continuous commitment and trust in us and our work for the children around the world. CONTENTS 1. 2. STRATEGIC CONTEXT 5 WATER SANITATION AND 1.1 HYGIENE RESULTS 15 The COVID-19 pandemic 5 2.1 1.2 Drinking water supply 15 Programming contexts 7 2.2 1.3 Sanitation and hygiene 16 Innovations in 2.3 programme monitoring 9 WASH in institutions 22 1.4 2.4 Regional initiatives 10 Enabling environment 24 1.5 2.5 Strategic partnerships Policies, strategies, a the regional level 13 guidelines and manuals 25 2.6 WASH in emergencies 27 2.7 Regional events and activities 28 Abbreviations and acronyms vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 3. ANNEX: 1. CHALLENGES AND Human interest and news stories LESSONS LEARNED 31 INDONESIA: 43 Back to school, wherever students are 4. PHILIPPINES: 44 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 35 Families heavily affected by COVID-19 receive hygiene kits PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 47 Women lead community to 5. build toilets for every household FUTURE WORK PLAN AND CAMBODIA: 50 UNICEF STRATEGIC PLAN Global Handwashing 2021 – 2025 39 Day – How UNICEF Cambodia is supporting hand hygiene for all in schools ANNEX: 2. Report Feedback Form 54 vi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank IPC infection prevention and control AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank JMP WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations Sanitation and Hygiene ASWA Accelerated Sanitation and Water for All MDB multi-lateral development bank CATS Community Approaches to Total MFI microfinance institution Sanitation MHH menstrual health and hygiene CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey DFAT Department for Foreign Affairs and Trade MIS management information system DFID United Kingdom Department for International Development MOU memorandum of understanding DoH Department of Health NGO non-governmental organization DPRK Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ODF open defecation free DRD Department of Rural Development PDR Lao People’s Democratic Republic DWSSO drinking water security and safety plans PHATSS Phased Approach to Sustainable Sanitation EAP East Asia and the Pacific PNG Papua New Guinea EAPRO East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office PPE personal protective equipment ECD early childhood development ROSA Regional Office for South Asia EMIS Education Management Information System SDG Sustainable Development Goal GLASS Global Assessment of Drinking Water SP Strategic Plan and Sanitation Report SPWS solar-powered water system HCF health care facility SWA Sanitation and Water for All IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee (for UN coordination of humanitarian WinHCF WASH in Health Care Facilities assistance) WinS WASH in Schools IFRC International Federation of the WASH water, sanitation and hygiene Red Cross and Red Crescent Society WHO World Health Organization I/NGO international/non-governmental organization WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 1 Annual Results Report 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REGIONAL CONTEXT 2020 was the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It drew unparalleled attention to the importance of maintaining hand hygiene as one of the major infection prevention and control measures, and as a critical condition for the re-opening of schools later in the year. Before COVID-19 hit, three out of ten households in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region were without handwashing facilities with soap and water on premises, half of the schools were lacking hand-hygiene facilities that had soap and water available to their students, and six out of ten health facilities were without a functional hand-hygiene facilities that had water and soap or hand sanitizer. There are no comprehensive data yet on increases in sales of hand-hygiene products or soap, though several Pacific island countries reported shortages of soap in shops and supermarkets during the first half of the year. 2020 WASH RESULTS HIGHLIGHTS COVID-19 WASH responses: Throughout the EAP region, UNICEF supported over 14.8 million people with WASH interventions in response to the outbreak as of end of 2020. An additional 414,974 healthcare staff and community health workers were provided with personal protective equipment (PPE). UNICEF responses interventions included: Handwashing WASH and Continuity and and hygiene infection affordability of promotion prevention and essential WASH 1 2 control (IPC) 3 services and products 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY These areas of intervention are linked to globally agreed areas of response as defined by UNICEF PROGRAMMATIC and WHO. RESULTS Despite an initial disruption of programming activities due to COVID-19, once people were able HIGHLIGHTS to set online at home, meetings rapidly moved on- line, and training and other capacity-development During 2020, direct support from UNICEF resulted activities also resumed. In many countries, the on- in the certification of 962 communities as open line sessions were attended by many more people defecation free (ODF), with Cambodia leading the than would have been possible with the traditional way with 359 communities, followed by Myanmar face-to-face training sessions. and Philippines. Lao PDR celebrated its first ODF Province. A total of 649 schools received In the earlier stages of the pandemic, the UNICEF comprehensive assistance from UNICEF with East Asia and Pacific Regional Office (EARPO) water supply; inclusive child, girl, and disability had quickly asked for the deployment of a rapid friendly toilet facilities; and handwashing stations. response team in the region to support three main WASH guidelines for the country offices. Later The OKY Period Tracker App was launched in in the pandemic, the Global COVID-19 WASH Mongolia and Indonesia, allowing girls to track Guidelines, prepared by WHO and UNICEF, were their periods and access trustworthy information disseminated into national systems and were about menstrual health and hygiene, and sexual reproduced in many languages to provide crucial and reproductive health. WASH services were and unambiguous information and guidance on how provided to 359 health care facilities. best to prevent COVID transmission at home, in Climate-resilient water supplies were installed schools and health care facilities, at work and other benefitting 157,000 people, and in Mongolia, the public places. Nevertheless, misinformation, and Ministry of Education mandated that all school lack of preparedness and scenario planning have left toilets would be moved indoors over the coming many countries in very challenging situations. two years because freezing conditions render The launch of the Global Hand Hygiene for All the outdoor toilets unusable during almost half Initiative – already planned prior to the pandemic – of the year. Water Safety Planning is gaining offers an opportunity to capitalize on the increased traction across the region, with various countries awareness
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