Jap. J. M. Sc. & Biol., 10, 187-219, 1957
A REVISION OF THE JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE (II)
HIROSHI INOUE1)
Eiko-Gakuen, Funakoshi, Yokosuka2)
(Received: April 13th, 1957)
Genus Lymantria Hubner Lymantria Hubner, 1819, p. 160; Hampson, 1892, p. 459; Strand, 1911, p. 126; id., 1915, p. 320; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 43. Liparis Ochsenheimer, 1810, p. 186 (nec Scopoli, 1777). Porthetria Hubner, 1819, p. 160. Enome Walker, 1855b, p. 883.
•¬ genitalia : uncus hooked; valva fused, variable in shape, almost always
produced into an arm; aedoeagus simple; j uxta a moderately broad plate ; cornutus wanting.
From the structure of male genitalia the Japanese representatives may
be divided into the following groups:
Group 1: dis par subspp., xylina subspp. Uncus narrow, long, valva with
costal half extended as an arm, its inner surface without ampulla.
Group 2: lucescens, monacha. Uncus broad, short, valva with costa ex-
tended as an arm, inner surface with ampulla.
Group 3: minomonis. Uncus as in group 2, valva with costal arm broad
and short, inner surface with complicated ampulla.
Group 4 : f umida. Uncus as in the preceding, valva fused, apex produced
into an arm, ampulla a large plate.
Group 5: bantaizana. Uncus as in the preceding group, valva with a long
arm from apex, ampulla large, triangular.
Group 6: mat hura aurora. Uncus as in the preceding group, valva
forked, tegumen with dorso-lateral margin strongly extended as a •gpseudo-valva•h.
26. L. dispar (Linne) (Maimai-ga, Shiroshita-maimai)
Phalaena Bombyx dispar L., 1758, p. 501. Lymantria dispar Staudinger, 1901, p. 117; Strand, 1911, p. 127; Goldschmidt, 1940, p. 59; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 43, pl. 13, f. 1; Forbes, 1948, p. 240.
Distribution: Japan, Kuriles, Korea, Ryukyus, China, Amur, Siberia,
Europe; N. America (introduced).
Food Plant : polyphagous on various trees.
Quite unstable in colour, pattern and size, and at present it is impossible
1)井 上 寛,2)横 須 賀 市 船 越 栄 光 学 園
187 188INOUEVol. 10
for me to show satisfactorily a complete subdivision of the Japanese specimens of this species into geographical races. Therefore, here I will cite Goldschmidt's opinion (1940, pp. 59-61), and following him I will recognize three races, with two more races from the southern part of Japan. subsp. hokkaidoensis Goldschmidt
Lymantria dispar hokkaidoensis Goldschmidt 1940, p. 59. Lymantria dispar nesiobia Bryk, 1942, p. 25. Lymantria dispar hokkaida ( ! ) Snoue, 1958c, p. 398.
Smaller, males more light coloured than in japonica. It is possibly be
found in North Honshu a's an aberration, and nesiobia Bryk from the Kuriles
is in all probability identical with this race. Although Butler gave •gTokei•h
(= Tokyo) as the type-locality of his umbrosa, it is very probably an error, and if umbrosa Butler was named for a Hokkaido specimen, the racial name
hokkaidoensis should be substituted with umbrosa.
Distribution: Hokkaido, ? Northern Honshu, Kuriles.
Period of Appearance : July to August.
subsp. japonica (Motschulsky )
Liparis dispar var. japonica Motschulsky, 1860, p. 31. Liparis dispar (part.) de l'Orza, 1869, p. 41. P'orthetria hadina Butler, 1881a, p. 11. Lymantria dispar (part.) Pryer, 1884, p. 50; Leech, 1889, p. 630; id., 1899, p. 130; Matsumura, 1905, p. 43; Sasaki, 1905, p. 128, f. 34b; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 482; Matsumura, 1933, p. 135; Kawada, 1950, p. 729, f. 2051. Lymantira japonica Swinhoe, 1903, p. 483. Porthetria dispar (part.) Nagano, 1907, p. 137, 191, 223, pl. 5. Lymantria dispar japonica Strand, 1911, p. 217, pl. 20d; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 29, f. 1, 2; Bryk, 1934, p. 150; Inoue, 1956c, p. 398.
Lymantria dispar var. japonica Matsumura, 1917, p. 696, p1. 42, f. 3 ; Kato , 1934. pl. 15, f. 1, 2. Liparis japonica Swinhoe, 1923, p. 426.
Lymantria dispar f. japonica Matsumura, 1931 , p. 714, no. 486 (•¬.) ; id., 1933, p. 135. Liparis dispar (part.) Kawada, 1932, p. 1167, f. 2304.
Liparis dispar japonica Esaki, Honi & Yasumatsu , 1938, p. 201, pl. 94, f. 363 (1, 2).
The largest of all the races found in Japan, colour of the wings variable , in male varies from brown to nearly black, while in female the grey ground colour is almost constant. According to Machida's crossing experiments (1924) , •g1. The lighter coloration of the Hokkaido is maintained through many generations breeding in the main island of Japan. But a little deeper strain can be observed by selection. 2. The intensity of the Bound color and the markings of the moths inherit independently. 3. F1 between the Hokkaido or the lightest form
hokkaidoensis j and the Japonica or the deepest form represents the intermediate or a little deeper intensity than the median...... " He analyses the colour of the male moths of japonica collected in Tokyo into three forms :
Black form: ground colour and markings of the wings considerably dark or almost black. Brown form: ground colour of the wings considerably brown; the markings also brown but discal, crescent shaped spots and some parts of 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II189 the zigzag transverse lines and marginal spots black. Blackish brown or inter- mediate form : ground colour of the wings seems to be blackish brown ; the markings especially dark and the discal crescent shaped spots and some parts of the zigzag transverse lines black.
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Period of Appearance : July to August.
Food Plant : injurious to various fruit and forest trees, such as Malus,
Pyrus, Prunus, Salix, Quercus, Castanea, Diospyros, etc.
ab. (?) umbrosa (Butler)
Porthetria umbrosa Butler, 1881a, p. 10. Lymantria dispar umbrosa Strand, 1911, p. 127. Lymantria dispar f. umbrosa Matsumura, 1933, p. 135. Lymantria f umida umbrosa Bryk, 1934, p. 151. Lymantria dispar japonica ab. (?) umbrosa Inoue, 1956c, p. 398.
As mentioned in the previous page, this is possibly the valid name for the
Hokkaido specimens, or else it is an aberration of japonica, characterized by paler and smaller wings.
subsp. obscura Goldschmidt
Lymantria dispar obscura Goldschmidt, 1940, p. 60; Inoue, 1956b, p. 398.
According to the orignial description, this race is large sized, male brown or chocolate, female dark-brownish grey. Distribution: The western and eastern shores of Lake Biwa, Gifu and
Nagoya Regions.
subsp. tsushimensis Inoue
Lymantria dispar tsushimensis Inoue, 1956b, p. 141; id., 1956c, p. 398.
Smaller than in subsp. japonica, marginal area of both wings as dark as
the darkest specimens of japonica, but basal and central areas paler, approaching to the following race.
Distribution: Tsushima.
Period of Appearance : August.
subsp. postaiba Inoue
Porthetria dispar (part.) Ma.rumo, 1923, p. 147, pl. 3, f. 3 (•¬). Lymantria dispar albescens Honi & Umeno, 1930, p. 18, pl. 1, f. 3 (s); Honi & Nomura, 1935, p. 132; Nomura, 1938a, p. 428, id., 1939a, p. 605; E,saki & Ishihara, 1951, p. 374 (nec Matsumura). Lymantria dispar postalba Inoue, 1956b, p. 141; id., 1956c, p. 398.
Distinguished from japonica as well as from other races by white hindwing,
costal area being f uscous brown, f orewing with basal and central areas much
paler than. costal and distal areas, markings distinct. Much smaller than subsp. alb escens Matsumura (1927, p. 25) from Ishigaki Island and Okinawa in the
Ryukyus, the length of forewing 23-28 mm in male, while in albescens it is well
over 34 mm, forewing and costal area of hindwing darker.•¬, ground colour
creamy yellow, with faint trace of lines and markings. 190INOUEVol. 10
Distribution: Shikoku (Okinoshima), Kyushu (Miyazaki and Kagoshima Prefectures), Tanegashima, Yakushima. Period of Appearance : July and August. Food Plant: Livistona sub globosa. 27. .L. xylina Swinhoe (Maeguro-maimai, Nobunaga-maimai) Distribution: Japan, Formosa. In Japan there found the following two subspecies:
Fig. 26. Lymantria dispar japonica (Motschulsky). 27. Lymantria xylina nobunaga Nagano. 28. Lymantria monacha (L.). 29. Lymantria minomonis Matsumura. 30. Lymantria f umida f umida Butler. 31. Lymantria bantaizana Matsumura.
subsp. xylina Swinhoe Lymantria xylina Swinhoe, 1903, p. 490; Strand, 1915, p. 324, pl. 40 f ; Matsumura, 1933, p. 140; Kato, 1934, pl. 17, f. 4; Nomura, 1937, p. 21; id., 1938a, p. 428; Bryk, 1934, p. 166; Inoue, 1956c, p. 400. Porthetria nobunaga Marumo, 1923, p. 148 (nec Nagano). Liparis xylina Swinhoe, 1923, p. 430. Lymantria nigricosta Matsumura (1921, p. 897, pl. 56, f. 9) from Formosa is a 6 -form, with strongly inf uscated costal area of hindwing. Nomura (1937) recorded this species from Miyakonojo, Miyazaki Pref., S. Kyushu (20 July 1933, 2 6 6, 1 ), but I cannot say whether his specimens belong to the nominate race or to the following race. Distribution: Kyushu (Miyazaki Pref.), Yakushima, Amami-oshima, For- mosa. Period of Appearance : June to July (Yakushima). 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II191
subsp. nobunaga Nagano
Lymantria sp. (?) Nagano, 1909, p. 402. pl. 20 (•¬,•Š ). Lymantria nobunaga Nagano, 1912, p. 262, pl. 14, f. 1 & 2; Matsumura, 1933, p. 138; Bryk, 1934, p. 165. Inoue, 1955b, p. 22. Lymantria nobunagae ( ! ) Matsumura, 1921, p. 882, pl. 56, f. 6. Lymantria nobunagai ( ! ) Matsumura, 1931, p. 715, no. 493. Lymantria xylina nobunaga Inoue, 1956c, p. 400.
Excepting much darker grey ground colour against xylina's white, nobunaga cannot be separated from xylina. Therefore, I consider it the northern race of
xylina. Since Nagano collected a series of caterpillers on Mt. Kinka, Gifu Pref., no specimens have been secured from the same locality nor from any other place
in Honshu, but I have recently obtained 4 a collected by Mr. Akira Suzuki
at Mt. Kiyozumi, Chiba Pref., on 29 July 1956, and on 25-27 July 1957. This discovery proves that this insect is widely distributed in the southwestern part
of Japan. From Shikoku it was found at Kajigamori, Kð¯chi Pref. (Inoue, 1955b).
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku. Period of Appearance : June to July.
Food Plant: Cleyera ochnacea, Mallotus japonicus.
28. L. lucescens (Butler) (Ooyama-maimai, Ooyama-dokuga, Takamuku-maimai, A omori-maimai )
Porthetria lucescens Butler, 1881a, p. 11; Leech, 1889, p. 632; Marumo, 1928, p. 39. Lymantria lutescens (!) Leech, 1899, p. 131; Matsumura, 1905, p. 44. Cifuna lucescens Matsumura, 1905, p. 40. Lymantria lucescens Swinhoe, 1903, p. 489; Strand, 1911, p. 131; Matsumura, 1933, p. 136; Bryk, 1934, p. 160; Inoue, 1956c, p. 399. Lymantria takamukui Nagano, 1917, p. 411; Matsumura, 1933, p. 139, pl. 3, f. 11; Gaede, 1934, p. 283; Bryk, 1934, p. 165. Liparis lucescens Swinhoe, 1923, p. 430. Lymantria aomoriensis Matsumura, 1921, p. 876, pl. 62, f. 5 (a) ; id., 1931, p. 713, no. 483.
The specimens of takamukui used by Nagano for his description, including
the type, were probably lost, as they are not found at the Nawa Ent. Lab., but
fortunately in Hokkaido Univ. there is a male, very probably collected and
identified by Nagano himself, a photo of which was kindly given to me by
Mr. Kumata, together with a photo of aomoriensis (type). According to Ma- tsumura (1933) aomoriensis, founded on 4 a a from Aomori, N. Honshu, is a synonym of lucescens. Mr. Collenette certified for me the correctness of Matsu- mura's treatment by comparing Butler's type with the picture of aomoriensis
(Matsumura, 1921, pl. 62, f. 5). This species seems to be very local, and the following localities were hitherto recorded: Hakodate (Butler) ; Tokyo, Oiwake, oyama (Leech) : Aomori bmi- nato, Tanabe, Kibune (Matsumura), Gifu, Hitoyoshi (Nagano) ; Kita-saku-gun, Nagano Pref. (Marumo). Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. Period of Appearance : August. Food Plant : unknown. 192INOUE vol.10
29. L. monacha (Linnð¥) (Nonne-maimai)
Phalaena Bombyx monacha L., 1758, p. 501. Lymantria monacha Hi bner, 1819, p. 160; Staudinger, 1901, p. 117; Leech, 1889, p. 631, id., 1899, p. 130; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 486; Matsumura, 1905, p. 44; id., 1909, p. 58, pl. 10, f. 3; Strand, 1911, p. 128, pl. 20g; Matsumura , 1917, p. 695, pl. 42, f. 1; id., 1925, p. 112; id., 1931, p. 715, no. 491; id., 1933, p. 137; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 29, f. 10; Ka'to, 1934, pl. 16, f. 5; Bryk, 1934, p. 153; Hirayama, 1937, p. 74, pl. 35, f. 11; Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 43, pl. 12, f. 10; Kawada, 1950, p. 730, f. 2054; Ishihara etc., 1953, p. 21; Inoue, 1956c,
p. 399. Lymantria monarchy (!) Pryer, 1884, p. 50. Psilura monacha Graeser, 1888, p. 125. Liparis monacha Kawada, 1932, p. 1167, f. 2303. Lymantria monacha chosenibia Bryk, 1948, p. 16, pl. 2, f. 11 (t) Lymantria monacha matuta Bryk, 1948, p. 16, pl. 2, f. 3 (s.).
Lymantria monacha lateralis Bryk, 1948, p. 17, pl. 2, f. 9 (s) , Lymantria monacha idae Bryk, 1948, p. 17, pl. 2, f. 7 (•Š) .
The Japanese specimens of this widely distributed species cannot be separated
from the European nominate form. Bryk established three (!) Korean and
one Japanese races, but these names are racially untenable ; the only reliable
name as a race is yunnanensis Collenette (1933 , p. 23, pl. 3, f. 3 (•Š)) from Tse-kou, Yunnan.
Very common throughout Japan (northern part and mountainous regions) , and the larva sometimes causes much injury to various trees, such as Abies firma, Picea jezoensis.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Hachijojima , Okinawa, Korea, Saghalien, Ussuri, China, Yunnan, Russia, Europe.
Period of Appearance: July to September.
Food Plant: Quercus, Betula, Fagus, Pinus, Abies, Picea , Larix.
30. L, minomonis Matsumura (Minomo-maimai)
Lymantria minomonis Matsumura, 1933, p. 137 , pl. 3, f. 10 (s); Gaede, 1934, p. 283; Inoue, 1956c, p. 399.
Closely similar to monacha, but ground colour more greyish, f orewing with postmedian and subterminal lines more sharply and deeply dentate-lunulate, L- mark on discocellulars more slender, termen less oblique , hindwing with terminal area darker. As described in the provious page , genitalia are quite distinct from monacha in the structure of valva.
This species is common at the Kansai district, such as Minoo (type-locality) or Kurama-yama, Kyoto, but its range is very limited. In my collection there are 2 and 1 collected by Mr. Kojima at Yamazumi , Misakubo-machi,
Shizuoka Pref., which i the northern limit at present known to me . A male recorded and illustrated by Izaki (1933, p. 54, pl. 8, f. 7) from Fukui Pref . as monacha is apparently a misidentification of this species .
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku (unrecorded see Appendix) .
Period of Appearance: August.
Food Plant: unknown. 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II193
31. L. f umida Butler (Haraaka-maimai)
Distribution: Japan, Ussuri, China, Formosa. The Japanese specimens belong to the nominate race : subsp. f umida Butler
Lymantria f umida Butler, 1877, p. 402; id., 1878, p. 10, pl. 24, f. 4 (•Š) ; Pryer, 1884, p. 50; Leech, 1889, p. 630; id., 1899, p. 131; Swinhoe,, 1903, p. 483; Matsu- mura, 1905, p. 44; id., 1921, pl. 63, f. 19; Collenette, 1933, p. 25; Gaede, 1934,
p. 283; Bryk, 1934, p. 150; Hirayama, 1937, p. 73, pl. 35, f. 2 (•Š) ; Kawada, 1950, p. 730, f. 2052; Inoue, 1956c, p. 398. Porthetria f umida Butler, 1881a, p. 11. Lymantria dispar f umida Strand, 1911, p. 127.
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
Period of Appearance : July.
Food Plant: serious pest on Abies firma.
32. L. bantaizana Matsumura (Bantai-maimai, Bantai-dokuga)
Lymantria bantaizana Matsumura 1933, p. 134, pl. 3, f. 8 (a) & 9 (s) ; Bryk, 1934, p. 165; Inoue, 1956c. p. 398. Lymantria bantaizana (!) Gaede, 1934, p. 283. Lymantria f umida (part.) Inoue, 1956a, p. 668.
In my paper contributed to the volume dedicated to Prof. Silvestri (1956a) I
treated this species as a synonym of the preceding, but it is apparently incorrect
and this insect is a valid species. I have examined the following specimens of
this little know insect:
In a, Nagano Pref., 20 July 1923, 1•¬; Takao-san, Tokyo, 7 July 1923, 1 ;
Komaba, Tokyo, 4-7 July 1925, 2•¬, 1•Š (A. Kawada) ; •gNoji•h, 21 July 1926,
1 (N. Inaba), in Dr. Kawada's collection. Takao-san, Tokyo, 16 July 1949,
1 (H. Inoue) ; Tochimoto, Saitama Pref., 2 Aug. 1952, 1 ; Takao-san, 30
June 1951, 1 (T. Haruta) ; Takao-san, 22 July 1953, 1 •Š(K. Ishizuka).
Similar to f umida, but ground colour ashy grey, irrorated with f uscous
scales, f orewing with termen more roundish, especially in this distinction is
more conspicuous, distal fleck blacker, more slender, a black streak on 1st A,
subterminal whitish band indistinct because of absence of distal dark clouding.
genitalia are quite distinct from f umida as described before.
Distribution: Honshu.
Period of Appearance: end of June to beginning of August.
Food Plant: unknown.
33. L. mathura Moore (.mash-iwa-maimai)
Lymantria mathura Moore, 1865, p. 85; Hampson, 1892, p. 464, f. 315; Leech, 1899, p. 128; Staudinger, 1901, p. 117; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 489; Strand, 1910, p. 128, pl. 20e (•Š) ; id., 1917, p. 321; Collenette, 1932, p. 95; Matsumura, 1933, p. 137; Bryk, 1934, p. 151. Liparis mathura Swinhoe, 1923, p. 429.
Distribution : Japan, Okinawa, Korea, China, Ussuri, Yunnan, India.
The Japanese specimens are represented by the following race: 194INOUEVol . 10
Fig. 32. Lymantria mathura, aurora Butler, lateral view. 33-39. right valva, inner surface. 33. dispar japonica, 34. xylina xylina, 35. monacha, 36. minomonis, 37. fumida, 38. bantaizana, 39. mathura aurora.
subsp. aurora Butler
Lymantria aurora Butler, 1877, p. 403; id., 1878, p. 11, pl. 24, f. 5; Pryer, 1884,
p. 50; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 488; Kawada, 1932, p. 1168, f. 2305. Psilura aurora Graeser, 1888, p. 125. Lymantria mathura (part.) Leech, 1899, p. 128; Matsumura, 1905, p. 43; id., 1909,
p. 46, pl. 7, f. 6 (a) ; id., 1917, p. 696, pl. 42, f. 2; id., 1931, p. 714, no. 490; id., 1933, p. 137; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 28, f. 7 & 8; Kato, 1934, pl. 15, f. 3 & 4. Lymantria mathura var. aurora Staudinger, 1901, p. 117. Lymantria mathura f. aurora Strand, 1911, p. 128, pl. 20e; Bryk, 1934, p. 151. Lymantria mathura aurora Kawada, 1950, p. 730, f. 2053; Inoue, 1956c, p. 399.
Sometimes it outbreaks in a great number and gives a serious damage to
various trees. For instance, in July 1918 a large number of the larvae of this
moth ate leaves of apple trees in Minami-tsugaru district, Aomori Pref., and as
a result there remained few trees that were not tripped of leaves. (Cf. Nishitani,
1918, pp. 366-372).
Very common from north to south, from level lands to mountainous re- gions.
•¬ -ab. fusca Leech
Lymantria aurora var. f usca Leech, 1889, p. 629, pl. 31, f. 9 (s); Staudinger, 1901,
p. 117. Lymantria mathura f. f usca Strand, 1911, p. 128; Collenette, 1938, p. 216; Bryk, 1934, p. 151. Lymantria mathura aurora a -ab. f usca I.noue, 1956c, p. 399. 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II195
Fuscous throughout the wings, the yellow scales of hindwing also replaced by dark scales, markings of the f orewing nearly as in the nominate form. Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Kwriles, Korea, Amur, China. Period of Appearance : July to August. Food Plant : Quercus spp. Males pumila, Rhus succedanea and Zelkowa serrata.
Genus Parocneria Dyar
Parocneria Dyar, 1897, p. 13. Ocneria part., auct., nec Hiibner, 1819. Maimaia Ma'tsumura, 1933, p. 140; Gaede, 1934, p. 283.
Fig. 40. Parocneria furva (Leech).
M. f urva is congeneric with detrita (Esper), the genotype of Parocneria,
and so Maimaia must be sunk into Parocneria.
34. P, f urva (Leech) (Uchijiro-maimai)
Ocneria f urva Leech, 1889, p. 631, pl. 31, f. 10 (•¬); id., 1899, p. 132; Matsumura, 1905, p. 44; id., 1921, p. 884, pl. 62, f. 11 & 12; Strand, 1911, pl. 21b. Lymantria f urva Swinhoe, 1903, p. 484; Matsumura, 1931, p. 714, no. 488; Hirayama, 1937, p. 74, pl. 35, f. 8; Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Nomura, 1939b, p. 121. Ocneria (?) f urva Nagano, 1916, p. 52, pl. 4, f. 25-34, pl. 9, f. 28, p. 14 (English descr.). Ocneria f ulva (!) Kuwana & Tanaka, 1926, p. 71, pl. 4. Maimaia furva Matsumura, 1933, p. 140; Gaede, 1934, p. 284; Bryk, 1934, p. 182; Kawada, 1950, p. 729, f. 2050. Parocneria furva Inoue, 1956c, p. 400.
•¬ genitalia: uncus hooked; valva with costa broad, apicoventral margin ser-
rate, a beaked process close to costa at apex represents ampulla, sacculus broad,
apex rounded; aedoeagus simple, slender; cornutus wanting; j uxta large, apex
indent.
Very common from level lands to highlands, from Honshu to Kyushu. Un-
recorded from Korea, but it is abundant in Seoul.
Distribution: Houshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Manchuria, Korea (unrecorded),
China. 196INOUEVol. 10
Period of Appearance : June to July. Food Plant : serious pest on Chamaecyparis and Juniperus spp.
Genus Topomesoides Strand
Topomesoides Strand, 1910, p. 133.
35. T. jonasii (Butler) (Niwatoko-dokuga)
Aroa jonasii Butler, 1877, p. 402; id., 1878, p. 10, pl. 23, f. 11 (•¬) ; Pryer, 1884, p. 49. Aroa jonasi Leech, 1889, p. 647; Matsumura, 1905, p. 42; id., 1909, p. 139, pl. 13, f. 20. Aroa (?) jonasi Leech, 1899, p. 120. Euproctis jonasi Swinhoe, 1903, p. 410. Topomesoides jonasi Strand, 1910, p. 133, pl. 19h; Nagano, 1916, p. 43, pl. 4, f. 1-11, pl. 9, f. 21; Swinhoe, 1922, p. 480; Matsumura, 1931, p. 724, no. 532; id., 1933, p. 152; Kawada, 1932, p. 1162, f. 2292; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 28, f. 6; Kato, 1934, pl. 17, f. 5; Esaki, Honi & Yasumatsu, 1938, p. 200, pl. 93, f. 361 (1) ; Kawada, 1950, p. 729, f. 2049. Topomesoides jonasii Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Inoue, 1956c. p. 400.
•¬ genitalia: uncus spatulate, pointed; valva very similar to Arctornis,
ample, weakly sclerotized, harpe long and slender, apical part swollen, hairy;
aedoeagus small.
Among the first brood specimens sometimes occurs a very large individual,
named f. gigantea Strand (1910, p. 133, pl. 19h (•¬)), which, I think, is rather
an unnecessary nomenclature. This species is very common at level lands and
low hills.
Fig. 41. Topomesoides jonasii (Butler). 42. Pida niphonis (Butler). Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Korea, China. Period of Appearance : June to September. Food Plant : Pourthiaea villosa, Sambucus Sieboldiana.
Genus Pida Walker
Pida Walker, 1865, p. 399; Hampson, 1892, p. 457; Strand, 1011, p. 125; id., 1915, p. 125. 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II197
Dokuga Matsumura, 1927, p. 37. Although this genus have an areole, it will better be placed here, since they are related with Euproctis.
36. P. niphonis (Butler) (Kuromon-dokupa, Kuromon-ki-dokuga)
Chaerotriche niphonis Butler, 1881a, p. 9 (•¬). Chaerotriche squamosa Butler, 1881a, p. 9 (•Š). Artaxa squamosa Pryer, 1884, p. 49. Porthesia raddei Staudinger, 1887, p. 207, pl. 17, f. 3; Graeser, 1888, p. 125; Leech, 1889, p. 623. Chaerotriche niphonis Leech, 1889, p. 624. Euproctis niphonis Leech, 1899, p. 133; Staudinger, 1901, p. 116; Swinhoe, 1903,
p. 418; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41; id., 1909, p. 64, pl. 10, f. 16 (•Š) ; Strand, 1910, p. 136, pl. 21e & f ; Matsumura, 1931, p. 707, no. 454; id., 1933, p. 128; Bryk, 1934, p. 219; Hirayama, 1937, p. 75, pl. 36, f. 4 (•¬) & 5 (s) ; Collenette, 1938, p. 215; Kawa:da, 1950, p. 727, f. 2044. Nygmia niphonis Swinhoe, 1922, p. 481; Okano, 1952, p. 23, pl. 4. Pida niphonis Inoue, 1956c, p. 401.
As this species has the areole, and other venational characteristics are
quite identical with Pida, the removal from Euproctis to Pida will be justified.•¬
genitalia: uncus small and weakly sclerotized ; valva fused, costa ex-
tended as an arm; aedoeagus large, stumpy, scobinate apically ; j uxta small,
shallowly convex.
Since recorded by Pryer (1884), no additional record has been appeared
from Hokkaido, but Mr. Kumata (in litt., 16 Aug. 1955) kindly informed me
that Hokkaido University possesses the following material:
Sapporo, 23 Aug. 1929, 1 •Š; Jozankei, 6 Aug. 1954, 1 •¬ .
Not rare in Tokyo and its vicinity, and it is thought that Shikoku will be
added to its range of distribution in future.
It is noteworthy that in this moth females are much more commonly attracted
by light than males, contrary to many other species of moths, whose females fly
to light more seldom than males.
•¬ -ab. kuronis Matsumura
Euproctis niphonis f. kuronis Matsumura, 1933, p. 128, pl. 3, f. 2 (•¬) ; Gaede, 1934, p. 284; Bryk, 1934, p. 220. Pida niphonis •¬-ab. kuronis Inoue, 1956c, p. 401.
Both wings completely suffused with dusky scales, but fringes remain yellow.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Korea, Amur, Ussuri, China.
Period of Appearance : June to August.
Food Plant: Corylus heterophylla, Ostrya japonica, Rosaceae.
Genus Euproctis Hubner
Euproctis Hubner, 1819, p. 159; Hampson, 1892, p. 470; Strand, 1910, p. 135; Hering, 1926, p. 143; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 42. Nygmia Hubner, 1819, p. 193. Porthesia Stephens 1828, p. 65; Hampson, 1892, p. 484; Strand, 1910, p. 134; id., 1915, p. 332; Hering, 1926, p. 139. Somena Walker, 1856, p. 1734.
The genera Euproctis and Porthesia were divided by many authors because 198INOUEVol. 10
of the absence of hindwing vein 4 (not 5) in Porthesia and presence in Euproctis, but this distinction yields no natural relationship among the species in the two genera3), and besides there occasionally emerges that the same species could be with or without the vein, rarely ones provided with that characteristics of the two on either wing. Furthermore, the two genera have the same type, Euproctis Hubner, type Phalaena chrysorrhoea L. and Porthesia Stephens, type P. chrysor- rhoea L. Therefore, if one wants to separate the species without the vein 4 from Euproctis, he must use Somena Walker, type S. scintillans Walker, instead of Port hesia.
Fig.43. Euproctis similis (Fuessly)•¬,
44. Euproctis flava (Bremer), •Š.
The structure of a genitalia also reveals no distinctions between the two groups, and as far as the Japanese species are concerned, each species is so isolated from the others that it is nearly impossible to give common characteris- tics of them. The only close relatives traced from the genitalia are piperita and torasan in one group and pu,lverea and kurosawai in another . For the sake of convenience in identifying each species, I will divide this genus into two sections.
SECTION 1. ( Somena) . Hindwing with M3 absent . 37. E. similis (Fuessly) (Monshiro-dokuga, Monshiro-dokuga- modoki, Kinkemushi-ga, ?Shiro-dokuga) Phalaena similis Fuessly, 1775, p. 35. Bombyx chrysorrhoea Esper, 1785, p. 263, pl. 39, f. 1 & 2 (nec L.).
3) Collenette (1947 , p. 261) describes, •gMany systematists place Euproctis chrysor- rhoea L. and Euproctis similis Fuessl. in different genera , but a study of African and Oriental species appears to me to discourage this view .•h 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II199
Liparis chrysorrhoea de 1'Orza, 1869, p. 41 (nec L.). Bombyx auriflua Fabricius, 1787, p. 125. Porthesia auriflua Pryer, 1884, p. 49; Leech, 1889, p. 622; Sasaki, 1905, p. 67, 196, f. 61. ?Porthesia chrysorrhoea Leech4), 1889, p. 622 (nec L.). ?Euproctis chrysorrhoea Leech4), 1899, p. 134; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41 (nec L.). Porthesia similis Graeser, 1888, p. 125; Leech, 1899, p. 141; Staudinger, 1901, p. 116; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 392; Matsumura, 1905, p. 42; id., 1909, p. 57, pl. 10, f. 2; Strand, 19010, p. 134, pl. 211; Nagano, 1918, p. 240; Matsumura, 1925,
p. 112; id., 1931, p. 723, no. 535; id., 1933, p. 148; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 29, f. 5 ; K,ato, 1934, pl. 17, f. 6; Bryk, 1934, p. 203; Kawada, 1950, p. 728, f. 2048. Arctornis chrysorrhoea Swinhoe, 1922, p. 476; Kawada, 1932, p. 2290, f. 1932 (nec L.). Euproctis similis Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 43, pl. 12, f. 7; Inoue, 1955b, p. 23; Inoue, 1956c, p. 401. Porthesia similis f. coreacola Matsumura, 1933, p. 148. Porthesia similis sjoquisti Bryk, 1942, p. 26. Porthesia similis varabilina Bryk, 1948, p. 17.
•¬ genitalia: uncus spatulate, with keel ; valva peaked, curved upwards,
margins irregular; aedoeagus with curled point at apex ; j uxta narrow, super-
j uxta5) broad; saccus produced.
The Japanese specimens are identical with those from Europe; common
from north to south, from the sea-level to mountains.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Kuriles, Saghalien,
Korea, Amur, China, Altai, Armenia, Europe.
Period of Appearance : May to June, and August to September (in Tokyo).
Food Plant : Prunus and other Rosaceae.
Biological race xanthocampa (Dyar)
Porthesia similis var. xanthocampa Dyar, 1905, p. 940, Porthesia xanthocampa Nagano, 1918, p. 240; Matsumura, 1933, p. 149; Gaede, 1934, p. 284; Bryk, 1934, p. 205; Kawada, 1950, p. 728. Arctornis xanthocampa Kawada, 1932, p. 1160. Euproctis similis biological race xanthocampa Inoue, 1956c, p. 401.
In Japan two types of the larvae of similis are observed: one is blackish
larva chiefly feeding on cherry-trees, while the other, ochreous larva on Morus,
is called xanthocampa. Although Nagano considers xanthocampa a valid species,
the adult of this form cannot be distinguished from similis in any respect by the
present technique of taxonomy, save that it is more or less smaller than the
typical similis. Moreover, no one has proved from crossing experiment that
they are independent species. Therefore, I have temporarily treated xanthocampa
a biological race confined to Japan.
Food Plant : Morus bombycis.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu.
4)E. chrysorrhoea L. is not found in Japan and the female (Nagahama) recorded by Leech may be referable to similis. 5) A sclerotized shield or plate on the dorsal surface of anellus will be called super- j uxta. 200INOUEVol . 14
Fig. 45. Euproctis similis (Fue,ssly). 46. Euproctis piperita (Oberthtir). 47. Euproctis torasan (Holland).
38. E. piperita (Oberthiir) (Ki-dokuga, Kin-ki-dokuga)
Leucoma sub flava var. piperita Oberthi r, 1881, p. 35. Artaxa sub flava var. piperita Leech, 1889, p. 623. Euproctis piperita Leech, 1899, p. 135; Staudinger, 1901, p. 116; Matsumura, 1905,
p. 41; Strand, 1910, p. 136, pl. 21e; Okamoto, 1924, p. 103; Matsumura, 1931, p. 708, no. 456; id., 1933, p. 147; Bryk, 1934, p. 220. Tamanuki & Yaku, 1935, p. 9; Hirayama, 1937, p. 73, pl. 35, f. 6; Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Nomura, 1938a, p. 429; Inoue, 1956c, p. 402. Euproctis sub flava (part.) Swinhoe, 1903, p. 415 (nec Bremer). Euproctis staudingeri Matsumura, 1909, p. 60, p1. 10, f. 8 (nec Leech). Nygmia piperita Swinhoe, 1922, p. 481; Kawada, 1931, p. 125, pl. 3. Porthesia piperita Collenette, 1934, p. 115; Kawada, 1950, p. 728, f. 2047.
• genitalia: uncus trifurcate , central process with keel, lateral ones with
apices roundish; valva small, peaked, apex pointed; saccus produced.
Very common from extreme north to south, from mountains to level lands.
ab. aurata Wileman
Euproctis aurata Wileman, 1911, p. 272, pl. 30, f. 3 (fl; Gaede, 1932, p. 104, pl. 8h; Matsumura, 1933, p. 133; Bryk, 1934, p. 220. Euproctis piperita ab. aurata Inoue, 1956c, p. 402.
Through the courtesy of Mr. Collenette I learned that this is conspecific with piperita, but as aurata is almost completely patternless, it will better be
treated as an aberrant form than a synonym. Wileman's type (•¬) was taken
on Ishizuchi-yama, Ehime Pref.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima, Saghalien,
Korea, Quelpart, Askold, Amur, China. 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II201
Period of Appearance : July to August (in Tokyo).
Food Plant : Mallotus japoinicus (eatable, after Kawada, 1931).
39. E. torasan (Holland) ( Torasan-dokuga, T orasan-ki-dokuga)
Artaxa torasan Holland, 1889, p. 78. Euproctis torasan Leech, 1899, p. 140; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41; Wileman, 1911, p. 272; Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Inoue, 1956c. p. 402. Porthesia torasan Strand, 1910, p. 135, pl. 23a; Matsumura, 1931, p. 723, no. 526; id., 1933, p. 149; Bryk, 1934, p. 206; Umeno, 1935, p. 19. Arctornis torasan Swinhoe, 1922, p. 477.
•¬ genitalia: very similar to the preceding species, but uncus with apices
more sharply defined.
This is distributed in southern part of Japan, but rare.
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, China.
Period of Appearance : May and July.
Food Plant: unknown.
40. E. pulverea Leech ( Gomaf uri-dokuga, Gomaf u-ki-dokuga, Ginmon-
dokuga, Ryukyu-dokuga)
Euproctis pulverea Leech, 1889, p. 623, pl. 31, f. 5 (•Š) ; id., 1899, p. 140; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 406; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41; Strand, 1910, p. 136, pl. 21f Matsumura, 1921, p. 876, pl. 63, f. 11; Hori, 1927, p. 35; Matsumura, 1931, p. 708, no. 458; Honi & Umeno, 1930, p. 18; Bryk, 1934, p. 220; ion, 1935, p. 276; Nomura, 1938a, p. 429; id., 1939, p. 605; Inoue, 1956c, p. 402. Euproctis argentata Leech, 1899, p. 139; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 406; Matsumura, 1905, p. 42; Strand, 1910, p. 137, pl. 23b; Matsumura, 1933, p. 123; Bryk, 1934, p. 227. Porthesia pulverea Marumo, 1923, p. 146; Sonan, 1927, p. 10; Matsumura, 1933, p. 147. Porthesia riukiuana Matsumura, 1927, p. 39; id., 1931, p. 722, no. 523.
•¬ genitalia: uncus broad, concave, with two points; valva broad, deeply
emarginate, dorsal part roundish, ventral process much narrower, sharply pointed;
j uxta roundish; saccus produced.
Mr. Collenette kindly compared the male genital organs of the types of
pulverea and argentata upon my request and informed me of the fact that these
are the same insect (in litt., 29 Sept. 1955). Porthesia riukinana Matsumura is
evidently a small male (second or third brood) of this species.
Distribution : Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinoshima (Fukuoka Pref.),
Tanegashima, Yakushima, Okinawa, Formosa, Korea.
Period of Appearance : May and July to August (in Yokosuka).
Food Plant : Eurya japonica, Prunus spp., Rosa spp.
41. E. kurosawai Inoue (Nakaguro-ki-dokuga)
.Euproctis kurosawai Inoue, 1956b, p. 141; id., 1956c, p. 402.
•¬ length of forewing, 1st brood: 12-15 mm, 2nd brood: 11 mm. Very
closely related to tridens Collenette (1939, p. 334, pl. 12, f. 7, •¬) from North
Yunnan, but f orewing with termen more convex, orange ground colour a little
deeper; dark maculation occupying the four-fifths dark brown, irrorated with 202INOUEVol.10
f uscous, interneural projection in cellule 6 much shorter than in tridens, that in
cellule 3 broader and roundish, fringe light orange. Hindwing nearly as in
tridens, ground colour and fringe pale orange-yellow, basal and median area
more strongly shaded with wood brown, but sometimes nearly as in tridens. Under surface of both wings and fringes pale orange-yellow, median area of f orewing wood brown, hindwing unicolorous.
•¬ genitalia: uncus without a sharp spine projecting from each side of the base, shapes of valva and uncus very similar to pulverea Leech, but uncus more or less broader towards apex.
Fig. 48. Euproctis pulverea Leech. 49. Euproctis kurosawai Inoue, uncus. 50. Euproctis (lava (Bremer) . 51. Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand. 52. Euproctis staudingeri (Leech).
This species is also related to pulverea and even possibly a strongly marked form of it, but readily distinguishable by the dark maculation on the f orewing and darker basal two-thirds of the hindwing. Unrecorded from Honshu, but 2 and 1 were secured at Mt. Kiyozumi, Chiba Pref., by Mr. Akira Suzuki on 30 July 1956. This is the northernmost limit of distribution of this species at present known. Distribution: Honshu (unrecorded), Okinoshima (Fukuoka Pref.), Tsu- 1957JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II203 shima, Okinoshima (Kochi Pref.), Kyushu, Yakushima. Period of Appearance : April to June, and August.
Food Plant : unknown
SECTION 2. (Euproctis) . Hinciwing with M3 present.
42. E. (lava (Bremer) (Dokuga, Nami-dokuga)
Aroa flava Bremer, 1861, p. 479 Aroa sub flava Bremer, 1864, p. 41, pl. 3, f. 19. Artaxa intensa Butler, 1877, p. 402; id., 1878, p. 10, pl. 23, f. 12; Pryer, 1884, p. 49; Leech, 1889, p. 623; Sasaki, 1905, p. 96, 120, f. 31. Artaxa sub (lava Leech, 1889, p. 623. Euproctis intensa Leech, 1899, p. 135; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 412. Euproctis sub (lava Staudinger, 1901, p. 116; Swinho'e, 1903, p. 415; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41; id., 1909, p. 58, pl. 10, f. 4 ; Collenette, 1938, p. 220. Euproctis flava Strand, 1910, p. 134, pl. 21a; Nagano, 1916a, p. 311, pl. 10; id., 1917, p. 701, pl. 43, f. 1; Oka.moto, 1924, p. 103; Matsumura, 1931, p. 705, no. 444; id., 1933, p. 125; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 28, f. 4; Collenette, 1934, p. 116; Kawada, 1950, p. 727, f. 2043; Hattori, 1955, p. 219, f. 1; Inoue, 1956c, p. 402; Asahina & O;gata, 1956, p. 104. Nygmia subflava Swinhoe, 1923, p. 52; Kawada, 1932, p. 1163, f. 2295. Euproctis (lava intensa Strand, 1910, p. 136; Bryk, 1934, p. 219.
•¬ genitalia: uncus small, nearly diamond-shaped; dorsal surface of tegumen is drawn out into a pair of pointed arms ; valva long, Costa a little extended in a
horn ; j uxta broad, shallowly indent; saccus narrow, long.
Very common from southern Hokkaido to as far south as southern Kyushu.
Recently the island of Tsushima was added to its range based on a male col-
lected at Izuhara (9 Aug. 1956) by Mr. M. Tsuda (Cf. Inoue, 1956c, p. 402). The news of occurrence of this moth in south Hokkaido and in the island of
Hachijojima was reported by Asahina & Ogata, 1956, pp. 105-106.
The urticating hairs of larva produce an inflamation on the human skin,
and much injuries are given on this account in summer when this moth outbreaks
in a great number and invades houses attracted by lamps, as the poison spinules
of the larva are attached inside the cocoon and many moths bear them on their
bodies and wings. The larva itself is also injurious to various deciduous trees.
ab. bipunctigera Strand
Euproctis flava ab. bipunctigera Strand, 1910, p. 136; Inoue, 1956c, p. 403. Euproctis flavor f. bipunctigera Bryk, 1934, p. 219.
Forewing with two black dots on the subterminal area between veins R4
and R5, and M1 and M2.
The spotted specimens are much commoner in Japan than the unspotted
ones, and according to Collenette, 1934, p. 116, this tendency is also observed
in the specimens collected in Eastern China. Very often a third spot is in the
apex between R3 and R4, and a fourth one between R5 and M1, and rarely a
fifth spot in the anal area below Cut.
Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Hachijojima, Tsushima,
Quelpart, Korea, Amur, Ussuri, China. 204 INOUE Vol. 10
Period of Appearance : July to August (in Tokyo).
Food Plant : Prunus, Quercus, Thea, Morus, and various trees and shrubs.
43. E. pseudoconspersa Strand (Cha-dokuga)
Artaxa conspersa Butler, 1885, p. 117; Leech, 1889, p. 624 (nec C. et R. Felder, 1875). Euproctis conspersa Leech, 1899, p. 140 ; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 413 ; Matsumura, 1905 , p. 42; Strand, 1910, p. 136, pl. 21f; Matsumura, 1917, p. 700, pl. 42, f. 6; id., 1921, p. 886, pl. 63, f. 4; Ok.amoto, 1924, p. 103; Matsumura, 1931, p. 705, no. 441. Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand, 1914, p. 40; ion, 1927, p. 35; Matsumura,, 1933, p. 129; Hirayama 1933, pl. 29, f. 7 (•Š) ; Bryk, 1934, p. 22;1; Collenette, 1938, p. 220; Kawada, 1950, p. 727, f. 2045; Minamikawa, 1952, p. 15; Inoue, 1956c, p. 403.
genitalia : uncus very broad, terminating in a point; scaphium a hard
sclerite, bilobed at apex ; valva ample, strongly produced at dorsal edge and
weakly so at ventral edge, dorsal margin weakly sinuous, ventral margin convex
at center; saccus produced, triangular.
Common in the plains and hills, from the Kanto district to Kyushu. The
larva is known as injurious to tea-plant.
•¬ -ab. choka Strand
Euproctis conspersa ab. choka Strand, 1910, p. 136.
Euproctis pseudoconspersa (part.) Hirayama, 1938, pl. 29, f. 6 (•¬) Euproctis pseudoconspersa f. choka Strand, 1934, p. 221. Euproctis pseudoconspersa $ -ab. choka Inoue, 1956c, p. 403.
This deep chocolate coloured aberration is rarely found with the normal
form.
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Quelpart, Korea, Formosa, China.
Period of Appearance: July to August and September to October.
Food Plant : Thea sinensis, Morus bomb ycis and Camellia japonica.
44. E. staudingeri (Leech) (Futahoshi-dokuga, Futaboshi-ki-dokuga)
Chaerotriche staudingeri Leech, 1889, p. 624, pl. 31, f. 6 (•¬). Euproctis staudingeri Leech, 1899, p. 133; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 418; Matsumura, 1905,
p. 42; Strand, 1910, p. 136, pl. 21f; Matsumura, 1921, p. 890, pl. 65, f. 10 (•¬) ; id., 1931, p. 709, no. 461; id., 1933, p. 130; Bryk, 1934. p. 221; Kawada, 1950,
p. 728, f. 2046; Inoue, 1956c, p. 403. Nygmia staudingeri Swi,nhoe, 1922, p. 482; K,awada,, 1932, p. 1162, f. 2294.
•¬ genitalia: uncus tapered; valva elongate, costal margin weakly convex at center, apex with sclerotized plate, its margin dentate, sacculus a free arm, apex sharply pointed; aedoeagus stumpy; j uxta bilobed ; saccus very long.
This is the largest species of Euproctis in Japan and hitherto only known in
Honshu, but through the courtesy of Prof. Ishihara I have obtained 2 collected at Matsuyama, Shikoku. Recently Kyushu was also added to its range of distribution. It is not rare at the central mountainous region of Honshu.
Distribution: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 1957 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II 205
Distribution o f the Japanese Lymantriidae
•~ mark shows a different subspecies from those in Japan. 206 INOUE Vol. 10
45. E. curvata Wileman (Magari-ki-dokuga, Kiobi-dokuga, Hoshi-ki-dokuga)
:Euproctis curvata Wileman, 1911, p. 271, pl. 31, f. 4 (•¬) ; Gaede, 1932, p. 104; Matsumura, 1933, p. 125; Bryk, 934, p. 225; Inoue, 1956c, p. 403. Euproctis flavinata Matsumura, 1921, p. 891, pl. 65, f. 3; id., 1931, p. 706, no. 445; id., 1933, p. 126 (nec Walker).
Very rare, up till now only recorded in the Kansai district and Kyushu,
but in Kyushu University there are 2 and 2 collected on the island of 'Okinoshima , Fukuoka Pref., in October 1932 by Messrs. Honi and Fujino. I have seen a specimen collected at Kanaya, Shizuoka Pref., which is the northern
limit of distribution so far known.
Distribution: Honshu, Kyushu, Okinoshima (Fukuoka Pref.).
Period of Appearance : July (in the Kansai distr.).
Corrections to Part I.
P. 154, line 7 and 9 from bottom, for yakushimana read yakushimamus.
APPENDIX
After the publication of the first part of this study, I found that in the
wseparate of •hSynonymic notes on some moths from Japan and adjacent countries.•h
(Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr., vol. 33: 657-672, Nov. 1956) written by me about four years ago, I stated the following synonyms as new which were apparently
premature so that I corrected in my present study in Part I and II, and in Check list of Lepidoptera of Japan, Part 4, Dec. 1956.
Dasychira kagiana Mats. and D. citronella Mats. cannot be sunk into •nachiensis Marumo , but they seem to be conspecific, closely related to or even
possibly a Formosan representative of D. strigata Moore from India. Leucoma chichibense Mats. is the Japanese race of Arctornis alba Bremer,
not a synonym thereof. Leucoma cygna of Matsumura and Kawada must be
referred to under Arctornis kumatai Inoue. Stilpnotia doii Mats. is a synonym of salicis L., not of candida Staudinger.
Numenes disparilis yakushimanus Nomura will better be treated as an island
race than a synonym of subsp. albo f ascia Leech.
Lymantria bantaizana Mats. is, as mentioned before, a valid species with
.a superficial resemblance to f umida Butler.
Mr. Kumata, in his excellent paper published very recently (Dec. 1956),
rdescribes and illustrates Leucoina salicis L , and candida Staudinger on their differential characteristics of adults, pupae and matured larvae. According to
his study, the matured larva of salicis has the body colour yellow lined with
black on the subdorsal area, while in candida brownish black lined with two
orange brown on the dorsal area ; the pupa of salicis is brownish black with 'creamy whitish verrucae , body surface smooth and polished, but that of candida is brownish black in whole area, body surface with dense punctures and lines.
Additional specimens in my collection worth recording here are as follows : 207 1957 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II
Orgyia triangularis Nomura Kozu-shima, Izu Islands, 14 July 1957, 1 •¬
(H. Sawada). Lymantria minomonis Matsumura Nishi-iyayama Valley, Shikoku, 20 Aug.
1954, 1 (K. Ochi) . Mt. Chyoro-gatake, Kyoto, 17 Aug. 1957, 1 •¬ (Y. Yama- moto) , Nashimoto, South Izu, 29-31 July 1957, 1 •¬ (H. Inoue).
Euproctis kurosawai Inoue Nashimoto, South Izu, 29-31' July 1957, 2 •¬•¬
(H. Inoue) ; Shikine-jima, Izu Islands, 16 July 1957, 1 (H. Sawada). Very recently it became apparent that Laelia gigantea Butler, formerly considered as a synonym or a variety of coenosa sangaica, is a valid species.
Mr. Collenette, who examined the type of gigantea at the British Museum (Natural
History), kindly informed me of the fact that the male genitalia illustrated in the first part of this study (text-fig. 15) as coenosa sangaica Moore is of gigantea. Emendation and additional notes on the Japanese species of Laelia will then be given as follows :
16'. L. gigantea Butler (Suge-oo-dokuga, Oo-suge-dokuga,
Suzuki-usujit o -dokuga )
Laelia gigantea Butler, 1885, p. 117; Leech, 1889, p. 621; id., 1899, p. 12.1; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 441; Matsumura, 1905, p. 42; id., 1933, p. 133; Colle:nette, 1934, p., 116. Laelia coenosa (part.) Kawada, 1932, p. 1163, f. 2296; Hira,yam'a, 1933, pl. 28, f. 3 ; Kawada, 1950, p. 733, f. 2061 (nec Hi bner). Laelia coenosa sangaica (part.) Inoue, 1956, Japanese Lymantriid.ae (I), p.. 148, text-fig. 15 (•¬ genitalia), pl. 3, f. 11 (•Š) ; id., 1956c, p. 395 (nec Moore).
Expanse •¬•Š, vernal brood 41-46 mm, aestival brood 32-36 mm. The first generation is apparently larger than in coenosa sangaica, whose expanse is 30-37 mm. Much paler than in coenosa coenosa and c. sangaica, without smoke-
coloured suffusion, f orewing light straw colour, subterminal black dots nearly always distinct, that behind Cut the largest, being often twice or three times as large as the other dots. Hindwing white, with light straw coloured suffusion
at the costal and terminal areas.
Cornuti two strong spines, while c. coenosa and c. sangaica have no such
spines on aegoeagus. Collenette (1934, p. 116) already described that L. gigantea
and L. anamesa Collt. have two spines.
Judging from the material represented in my collection gigantea is apparent-
ly distributed in warmer region than coenosa. In Hokkaido c. sangaica . is very
common, but up till now this species is not found there. In the Kanto district,
Honshu, both species are found in plains and mountains, but gigantea is much
commoner. From Shikoku and Kyushu I have 'so far seen only gigantea, and
I expect discovery of coenosa sangaica rather from mountainous regions should it ever be distributed on these islands.
Laelia suzukii Matsumura is an aberration of gigantea, characterized
by having no black dots on forewing. L. coenosa f. paucipuncta Strand, founded
on 1 a collected in Yokohama, seems to belong to coenosa sangaica, but the
type should be re-examined for confirmation. Anyway, such a slight variation 208 INOUE Vol. 10
is not worth giving a name. Distribution : Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Period of Appearance: May to July, and August to September.
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PLATE 1 (Venation)
Fig. 1. Lymantria dispar japonica (Motschulsky), •¬ .
2. Parocneria f urva (Leech), •Š
3. Topomesoides jonasii (Butler), •¬ .
4. Pida niphonis (Butler), •Š
4a. ditto, variation of the areole. 1957 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, II 215 216 INO UE Vol. 10
PLATE 2
Fig. 1. Lymantria dispar postalba Inoue, (holatype).
2. ditto, •Š. (allotype).
3. Lymantria xylina xylina Swinhoe, •¬ .
4. Lymantria xylina nobunaga Nagano, •¬ .
5. Lymantria monacha (L.), •¬.
6. Lymantria minomonis Matsumura, •¬.
7. Lymantria bantaizana Matsumura,•Š.
8. Lymantria furnida Butler, •Š.
9. ditto, •¬
10. Lymantria bantaizana Matsumura, •¬ . 1957 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE. II 217 218 INO UE Vol. 10
PLATE 3
Fig. 1. Lymantria mathura aurora Butler,•¬
2. Pida niphonis (Butler), •¬ .
3. ditto,•Š
4. Euproctis staudingeri (Leech), •¬ .
5. Euproctis curvata Wileman, •Š
6. Euproctis piperita (Oberthiir), •¬ .
7. ditto, •Š
8. Euproctis torasan (Holland), •¬.
9. Euproctis kurosawai Inoue, •¬(holotype) .
10. Euproctis pulverea Leech, •Š
11. ditto,•Š
12. Euproctis similis (Fuessly), •¬ .
13. ditto, biological race xanthocampa (Dyar), •¬ (reared in Tokyo) .
14. Euproctis flava (Butler), •Š
15. ditto,•Š
16. Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand , •¬.
17. ditto,•Š 1957 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE. II 219