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Developing New Applications for Acrylic Glass

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Developing New Applications for Acrylic Glass COVER STORY • 5 Interview with Shikiyama Tetsuhiro, President, Nippura Co., Ltd. Developing New Applications for Acrylic Glass Interviewer: Takamasu Kanji HREE whale sharks, four mantas and a number of other subtropical ocean fish swim on the other T side of the massive transparent wall. This huge tank, located at the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, contains 7,500 tons of seawater, and its 8.2m tall 22.5m wide acrylic glass panel is the biggest in the world. The panel was built by Nippura, a small enterprise of just 71 employees based in Kagawa on the islandisislandland ofof Shikoku.ShShikoku.ikoku. Nippura has developed transparent walls and panels for aquariums all over the world — inin ringring andand cylindricalcylindrical shapes, and in tunnel ceilings where people can look at schools of fish swimming overhead — by using acrylic panels. The company has constructed transparent walls for large tanks at 120 facilities in nearly 40 countries, and boasts about 70% share of the world market. We interviewed Shikiyama Tetsuhiro, a man with the charis- ma of an inventor, and the founder of Nippura. Where did you deliver your first big tional tank manufacturers all withdrew What sort of technical innovations aquarium panel? from the project, saying it was impossi- did you develop? ble to make the round, curved glass pan- Shikiyama: In 1969, there was a plan to els needed to realize this novel concept. Shikiyama: The kind of homogeneous build the Yashima aquarium in our From my previous experience, I was acrylic glass panels that we want to home town of Takamatsu City. The confident that I could create panels assemble can only be created up to a aquarium director was not satisfied with using acrylic glass, which allow freer thickness of 4cm in chemical plants. the traditional museum-style viewing of shapes than using glass, and decided to What we do is bond these panels togeth- separate tanks, and he ordered instead a bid for the construction. er to create one that is several tens of ring-shaped tank in which the fish could The aquarium was completed 35 years centimeters thick and capable of with- swim around, while people watched ago, and the panels are still in use. standing water pressure. However, to them from inside the ring. ensure that the extra thickness does not Glass was used for aquarium panel How did you come up with the idea degrade the transparency or distort the materials at that time, and the conven- of using acrylic glass for the aquari- view inside the water, developing a um panels? transparent glue is the key. To prevent water leakage, completely waterproofing Shikiyama: I first came into contact the joints between the panels and the with acrylic glass in 1964. I learned main body of the building is also impor- about it from books at first. Acrylic tant. glass has a lot of interesting properties. At the present time, the world’s It is highly transparent and strong with biggest aquarium panel is at the only half the weight of glass. It is Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. The strongly resistant against wind or snow, panel can withstand the pressure of and almost never reacts with seawater 7,500 tons of seawater, is 60cm thick, and is easily molded. I looked around and is made from 14 layers of acrylic for various kinds of products that could glass. make the most of these characteristics. We get our acrylic glass panels from a These included roof panels for shopping chemical maker, then make its surface arcades, lampshades decorated with flat, bond the layers together and bend embedded wood or bamboo, decorated or mold them to the required shape with windows and doors for cafes, and fish our technology. Modules are built in tanks for Japanese-style restaurants. sizes that can be transported, and are Based on these experiences, I knew then shipped to the construction site for that using a transparent glue could assembly. We always have some thicken the panels for greater strength employees at the site for this task, no and create aquarium panels made out of matter how remote the location. The round links. amount of time spent in assembly, 20 JAPAN SPOTLIGHT • March / April 2005 COVER STORY • 5 Photo: Nippura Co.,Ltd. which includes bonding the modules together and waterproofing, can last anywhere from three to six months for a big project. What do you use for the adhesive? Shikiyama: We use an acrylic material. The glue must be transparent and have an even optical refraction to eliminate distortions. Nippura’s innovative panels have enhanced the popularity of aquari- ums in Japan. How did you manage to penetrate markets outside Japan? Shikiyama: The boom in aquarium con- struction in Japan led to an unending string of orders, and our business expanded steadily. At that time, other companies were doing nothing, but An example of Nippura’s vertical bonding technology eventually a major chemical company entered the aquarium panel market. We Commerce in Washington. He result our business in Japan expanded had confidence in our technology and advised me to export our panels as a rapidly. We received orders for a num- had built up a certain amount of experi- product rather than a material. During ber of major projects, including the ence, even though Japanese consumers the conversation, the official even sug- Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan, the tend to place more trust in brand names. gested a name, “AQUA-WALL,” which Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise, Technology alone is not sufficient, sadly we use as our brand name now. As a and the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium. enough. Gradually the best places were product, the tariff was only 2.7%. The taken by our competitor. whole consultation took no more than What is the key point for internation- We then turned to such nearby coun- 30 minutes to complete. However, I al business? tries as South Korea, Singapore and was desperate for a solution since I China. But what really brought our knew that if the customer were forced Shikiyama: The foreign exchange rate. name to the attention of aquariums in to pay such a high tariff, we would not At present, our sales ratio between Japan the world market was our work at the have any work in the United States in and abroad is 3:7. When we converted Monterey Bay Aquarium in California the future. the sum we received into yen after fin- 11 years ago. We heard later on that Monterey’s Director Julie Packard was ishing the Monterey project, we suffered three companies had tendered for the extremely happy with the result and at a major exchange loss. We had bad work, and Nippura’s bid was second in the aquarium’s opening ceremony, she luck. The rate was ¥79.75 to the dollar, terms of price. Fortunately, Monterey celebrated the completion of the tank as which even now is the highest rate gave more weight to technological capa- well as our cost-reduction efforts. The against the dollar ever seen. We were bility and the quality of the product ceremony was attended by aquarium forced to carry out corporate restructur- than to brand names or low cost. officials from across the globe, and ing and increase production at the same At the loading stage, we were con- Nippura’s name was suddenly spread time. Since then, we have been able to fronted with a major problem. The worldwide. It was a job that proved to maintain a profitable business at a rate United States had just added acrylic be a major turning point for us. We of ¥90 to one dollar. glass to its list of anti-dumping tariffs. received orders in quick succession from We were perplexed by this. Monterey New York, Monaco and Australia. Besides aquarium panels, what had to pay a 36% tariffs to import the What is interesting is that, later on, other products do you make? panels. Consulting various people in Japanese people going overseas to Tokyo accomplished little – finally the inspect the world’s most famous aquari- Shikiyama: There are many types of US Embassy introduced us to the offi- ums discovered that the tank panels acrylic glass. The products that utilize cial in charge at the Department of were constructed by Nippura, and as a our adhesive technology include the JAPAN SPOTLIGHT • March / April 2005 21 COVER STORY • 5 transparent protective masks attached to installed for advertising purposes at the The mass production of identical- the helmets of policemen at the 2002 TEPCO Electrical Energy Museum in quality products is particularly FIFA World Cup, which was co-hosted Shibuya, Tokyo. In all of these cases, important for rear projection TV by South Korea and Japan. But this the customer had just about settled on screens, which is an adventure on kind of product is not for sale in the the use of another screen, but cancelled unknown seas to you. How do you market, and we cannot really talk about it so that they could use our screens propose to respond to this chal- the details because it is a matter of pub- instead, all of which has strengthened lenge? lic security. We developed screen panels our confidence in visual quality. by using the same acrylic glass bonding We also expect to see these screens Shikiyama: The aquarium panels are technology. used as panels for conferences and lec- produced as unique separate orders, and tures. You can display images as well as we only make a few of these each year. What kind of screens are these? write on the surface. They can even be But for home theater screens, we can used as a PC touch panel replacing the expect demand amounting to tens of Shikiyama: These are giant screen panels mouse for application software.
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