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ACUARIO PÚBLICO EN BCS México

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ACUARIO PÚBLICO EN BCS México UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR ÁREA DE CONOCIMENTO DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y HUMANIDADES DEPARTAMENTO ACADÉMICO DE ECONOMÍA TESIS ESTUDIO DE VIABILIDAD FINANCIERA PARA LA CREACIÓN DEL MUSEO DEL MAR Y ACUARIO EN B.C.S., MÉXICO QUE COMO REQUISITO PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN ECONOMÍA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES PRESENTA: B.M. ISRAEL CRISTÓBAL HUERTA DIRECTOR: M. EN C. EDUARDO JUÁREZ LEÓN LA PAZ, BCS, MÉXICO, SEPTIEMBRE DE 2017 1 2 3 DEDICATORIA A Mariana y David Por se ellos, Mis Hijos. A mi esposa Teresa, La Mexicana. Por ser… ¡lo mejor que me ha pasado! 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS Después de 20 años de intentar terminar este trabajo en 4 ocasiones, será difícil agradecer a todos los que contribuyeron en algún momento a construir esta tesis, pero con el más sincero reconocimiento de mi parte les digo… ¡Gracias! A mi esposa, la M.C. María Teresa Andrade, por ser quien apoyará en todo sentido la conclusión de esta tesis, con una sola frase “Termina, lo que ya está empezado”, ella logró lo que nadie pudo lograr en veinte años. Gracias al Dr. Carlos A. Sánchez Ortiz, “My Master”, amigo y mentor, por siempre confiar en mí, por ser quien, en todo momento, desde que nos conocemos guío con paciencia el desarrollo profesional de este su “Padawan”, y que al final este trabajo fue concretado gracias a compartir un sueño en común, un acuario en B.C.S. Agradezco en especial al equipo que accedió a colaborar en la propuesta CONACYT 2017, que con ímpetu aportaron ideas, estrategias, datos, números dieron rumbo al gran sueño de ver una construcción icónica en B.C.S. Cada dato de esta tesis es producto de este gran equipo. C.A. Mauro Emilio Tambella Boilini, Arq. Gustavo Collados Sariego, M.C. Jesús Alejandro Zúñiga, Lic. Tzayam Mejía, Lic. Roberto Fresco. C.A. Xoxan Xosé Domínguez, M.C. Eliezer Zúñiga, que, con toda bondad, enviaron y aportaron datos reales para el desarrollo de esta tesis. A la familia de AMBconsulting, que con su trabajo diario en la empresa me permitieron dedicarle horas a este proyecto, Brenda, Abril, Jesús, Alfonso V., Marco Polo, Marisol, Araceli, Wisi e Iván. Muy en especial al Ing. Jesús Loaiza por ayudarme con muchas horas de trabajo directo en las corridas financieras, su capacidad de análisis y su amistad, fueron determinantes. Al equipo de trabajo Fauna Arrecifal – UABCS que participó activamente en el Proyecto de Reestructuración y Rescate del extinto Museo- Acuario de las Californias. Que nos dio la oportunidad de conocer a Mauro Tambella quien accedió a pasar una temporada en La Paz apoyando este proyecto, y claro 10 años aportando conocimiento para poder escribir esta tesis. Gracias al comité de Tesis, por su apoyo en todos los trámites y revisiones, El director M.C. Eduardo Juárez León, al Dr. Manuel Ángeles Villa, al Dr. Ismael Rodríguez Villalobos, y al M.C. Alfonzo Vélez Barajas, por apoyarme en titularme después de tanto tiempo. Especialmente, gracias, al General David Huerta Hernández, por el financiamiento inicial en la carrera de acuarísmo y negocios, por su generosidad y especial personalidad a seguir, gracias por apoyarme cuando más lo necesité, mi tío, mi cardiólogo, ¡mil gracias! 5 Gracias a los integrantes del Fovissste Nigth Club, porque con las innumerables aventuras juntos y separados, me han dejado buen sabor de boca en la vida y enseñanzas de sus éxitos personales, que siguen motivando mi buen pasar por este mundo, El Thousand, El Mega-Mouth, El Enano, El Chiquis, La Gordita y El Maseco. Mil Gracias. A las Mujeres de mi vida, que, con sus múltiples personalidades, amores y des-amores, motivaron a este, su viajero de paso, a ser mejor día con día, gracias por ayudarme a sublimar las desavenencias que les hice pasar. Gracias en especial a mi padre, por el gran regalo que me dio al “irse” a cumplir con su visión de muerte, esta acción, me dio tiempo de actuar sin distracciones y dedicarme a lograr mis cinco grandes metas de la vida e ir cumpliendo con mi propósito de existir. ¡Gracias a todos! Mi propósito de existir Ser una persona plena por ser productivo en la sociedad, por haber aprendido de personas importantes, por haber guiado a personas felices y bondadosas en su camino al éxito, disfrutando de los placeres de la vida, de la familia y de mis amigos seré feliz. 6 RESUMEN La península de Baja California, localizada en el noroeste de México, poseedora de una variedad natural excepcionalmente rica y diversa, se destaca por sus dos mares que le rodean lo hacen un destino turístico único. En el Plan de Desarrollo Estatal vigente, se indica la pretensión de hacer de B.C.S. un estado productivo y competitivo en servicios turísticos de alta calidad. La propuesta de realizar un Museo – Acuario en este estado, tiene un historial largo y de varios fracasos. En este estudio por primera vez tendremos un documento de carácter cuantitativo que sostiene la hipótesis de que nuestro estado merece y puede tener un Museo – Acuario de calidad internacional. Su factibilidad depende de asegurar al menos el 30% de visitantes al parque con respecto al total del mercado que visita y vive en B.C.S. Con este 30% como mínimo la recuperación de la inversión es a 13 años de operación, los indicadores VAN ($51,477,415.94), TIR (5.99%) y R C/B (1.04). obtenidos del análisis del mercado nos indican que es rentable un acuario en B.C.S., Y será viable siempre y cuando en diseño contenga atractivos masivos dinámicos para garantizar la máxima satisfacción del turista y su regreso garantizado al parque. Por esto, su diseño debe de hacerse de manera Inteligente, planeada y fundamentando el sitio correcto de su construcción, apoyándose de expertos en la materia, no solo en museos y acuarios, sino también con científicos de la región, porque ellos conocen de la dinámica del estado, su gente y la biodiversidad que los rodea. Será viable un Museo Acuario, siempre y cuando se sigan las máximas recomendaciones de quienes ya han construido Muesos, Acuarios, Zoológicos y/o Parques Temáticos. No aceptar las recomendaciones sería cometer los mismos errores del pasado y desaprovechar el momento de ímpetu que tiene la población Sudcaliforniana de tener un inmueble verdaderamente icónico para la región. 7 INDICE DEDICATORIA ..................................................................................................................... 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................................... 5 RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................ 7 I.- MARCO DE REFERENCIA ......................................................................................... 16 1.1 Antecedentes de Acuarios Públicos ...................................................................... 17 1.2 Acuarios Públicos como centros Interactivos de ciencia y educación. ................. 21 1.3 Objetivo de las exhibiciones, colecciones y su tarea científica. ........................... 22 II.- MARCO TEÓRICO ..................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Conocimiento del Producto Oferta. ..................................................................... 24 2.2 Concepto del producto ofertable . ........................................................................ 25 2.3 Estudio de Mercado. ............................................................................................ 27 2.4 Viabilidad Financiera ........................................................................................... 27 III.- HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................................. 30 IV.- JUSTIFICACIÓN ......................................................................................................... 30 V.- OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................. 31 5.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................ 31 5.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................... 31 VI.- METODOLOGÍA ......................................................................................................... 32 VII.- DESARROLLO .......................................................................................................... 34 CAPÍTULO I.- ANÁLISIS DE MERCADO ..................................................................... 36 7.1 Datos Generales del Área de estudio. .................................................................. 36 7.2 Análisis del Entorno Demográfico, Social, Económico y Turístico. ................... 37 1.- Población .............................................................. ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 2.- Empleo y Ocupación ......................................................................................... 39 3.- Educación. ........................................................................................................ 40 5.- Medio Ambiente. .............................................................................................. 42 6.- Turismo. ............................................................................................................ 45 6.1 Turistas visitantes, Nacionales y Extranjeros. ............................................. 45 6.2 Arribo de pasajeros vía Aérea. ...................................................................
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