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See Anorgasmia Absent Ejaculation: See Anejaculation Adaptive Filter, 6 Index A ultrasonography, 41 Absence of Orgasm: see Anorgasmia Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, 193 Absent ejaculation: see Anejaculation Blue dot sign, 130 Adaptive filter, 6 Broadband transducer, 2 Addison disease, 328 selection, 5 Adenomatoid tumor, 160 handling, 5 MRI, 174 Broad-spectrum antibiotics, 95 ultrasonography, 174 Bulbourethral glands AdrenoCorticoTropic hormone (ACTH), 236, 285, 328 infection, 93 Adrenogenital syndrome, 328 parasitic, 113 Acute appendicitis, 122 non infection inflammation, 112 Androgen deficiency, 36, 303, 304 insensitivity syndrome, 286 C replacement factors, 210 Calcifications, 313 Androtest, 232 associated with cystic masses, 317 Anejaculation, 13, 36, 37 associated with solid masses, 317 Anorchidism, 34 MRI, 330 Anorgasmia, 37 ultrasonography, 330 Anosmia, 209 extra-testicular, 318 Antisperm antibodies, 211, 213 isolated and macroscopic, 318 Aromatase activity, 210 Carcinoma in situ (CIS), 314 Arteriography, 295 echopattern, 316 Arteriovenous fistula, 82 CEUS: see Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography Asthenospermia, 212 Chlamydia, 88, 211 Azoospermia, 208, 210, 241, 249, 292 Choriocarcinoma, 152, 168 factors regions (AZF), 234, 249 imaging, 168 non-obstructive (NOA), 234, 249–250, 255, 256 Coded transmission, 6 management, 249 Collection of the semen sample, 218 sperm retrival, 251 Colour Doppler Ultrasonography limits, 116 testis histology predominant patterns, 249 Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) , 233 obstructive, 212 Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA system), 219 clinical presentation, 242 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 285, 328 imaging, 275 Congenital testicular adrenal rest, 329 management, 242 MRI, 324 treatment options, 242 ultrasonography, 324 Coni vasculosi, 30 Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: B see also Scrotal -enhanced ultrasonography Bag of worms: see also Varicocele, 144 complex cystic lesions, 348 Banking sperm, 152 contrast agents, 344 Behcet’s disease, 113 high degree testicular torsion, 345 Bell clapper deformity, 49 inflammation, 350 MRI, 163 low degree testicular torsion, 346 M. Bertolotto and C. Trombetta (eds.), Scrotal Pathology, Medical Radiology. Diagnostic Imaging, 353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12456-3, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 354 Index C (cont.) D modes: see also Contrast-specific Dartos tunica, 27 ultrasound modes, 344 Deferential artery, 31 normal scrotal anatomy, 345 Deficiency, 36 segmental testicular infarction, 346 protein S, 107 techniques, 344 antitrombin III, 107 therapeutic applications, 351 Definity, 344 traumas, 350 Dermoid cyst: see Teratoma tumors, 347 Digital fossa, 30 varicocele, 351 Dihidrotestosterone (DHT) Contrast-specific ultrasound modes, 344 Directional power Doppler US, 7 destructive, 344 Dirty shadowing, 187 non-destructive, 344 Dual energy X ray Absorptiometry, 237 Couples infertility: see also Male infertility, 223 Ductuli efferentes, 30 Cowden’s disease: see Testicular Hamartoma Ductus deferent, 30 Syndrome and also Testicular lipomatosis, 328 vein, 31 Cowper’s glands, 212 Cremasteric, 27 artery, 31 E fascia, 28, 32 Early Onset of hypogonadism (EOH), 233 muscle, 28 Ejaculate reflex, 39, 304 volume: see Sperm volume vein, 31 watery, 242 Criss-cross Colour Doppler Ejaculatory duct Ultrasound pattern, 120 cysts, 277 Cryptorchidism: see also Undescended testis and, 209, 267, obstruction, 212 292, 295 inflammation associated, 276 canalicular, 291 midline cysts, 277 High scrotal, 291 Elastographic imaging, 12 intra-abdominal: Embryonal cell carcinoma, 166 see also Intra-abdominal testis, 292 imaging, 166 Cushings syndrome, 328 Epidermoid cysts, 156, 183, 330 Cyst: see Epididymal cyst, Testicular cyst imaging Tunica albuginea cyst, Scrotal cyst etc in adults, 116, 186 associated with calcifications, 314 ultrasonography, 323 contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, 345 MRI, 330 dermoid: see Teratoma in children, 194 ejaculatory duct, 212 management, 330 epidermoid, 96 Epididymal imaging anatomy, 32 in adults, 166 body, 53 ultrasonography, 255 head, 30 MRI, 80 tail, 30 in children, 194 variation, 33 management, 330 ultrasonography, 41 epididymal, 180 appendix, 31 imaging, 181 MRI, 80 in adults, 186 torsion, 108, 119 in children, 194 Colour-Doppler, 106, 130 management, 242 ultrasonography, 106, 129 müllerian duct remnants: artery ultrasonography, 42 see also Testicular appendix, 31 calcification, 316 testicular, 1 cystadenoma, 119 imaging, 1 cysts, 180 in adults, 186 imaging in children, 191 in adults, 186 tumor, 186 in children, 201 Cystadenoma, 325 management, 158 Cystic fibrosis, 214 deferential loop, 52 Cystic transformation of rete testis: fusion abnormalities with testis, 53 see Tubular ectasia of the rete testis, 324 granulomatous masses, 160 Index 355 injuries, 78 Frequency compound imaging, 6 microsurgical reconstruction, 241 Fournier’s Gangrene, 95, 122 MRI, 61 management, 96 nodules, 164–166, 170–171, 174 radiography, 188 obstruction, 211, 324 ultrasonography, 122 congenital, 211 CT, 122 acquired, 211 FSH, 208, 230 torsion, 107 deficiency tumor isolated, 209 management, 158 imaging in adults, 166 G in children, 198 Gadolinium: see Paramagnetic contrast, 21 sarcomas, 160 Galactorrhea, 210 Sinus, 30 Gallium (67Ga), 338 ultrasonography, 41 Genetic abnormalities, 208 Epididymitis, 88, 111 Genital, 37 acute, 88, 111 lymphoedema, 69 clinical presentation, 88 ridge, 192 children, 130 tract infection, 224 infective, 88 Genitofemoral nerve, 32 bacterial, 88 Genitourinary examination, 214 non infective, 88 Germ cell tumor, 152 clinical presentation, 111 imaging, 166 complication in adults, 163 ultrasonography, 116, 132 in children, 191 Colour-Doppler, 116, 131 metastasis, 155, 339 chronic, 276 PET diagnosis, 339 Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, 350 regressed or burned-out, 169 granulomatous disease, 117 imaging, 169 Gray-Scale, 113 Giraldes-organ: see Paradidymis management, 93 Gonadoblastoma, 194 MRI, 116 Gonadotoxins, 211 nuclear medicine, 335 Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), 240 pain, 38 stimulation, 209 post-traumatic, 116 test, 223 Power-Doppler, 116 Granulomatous disease, 112 scintigraphy, 336 Grasper atraumatic, 296 Erectile dysfunction, 36, 232 Gubernaculum testis, 45 Estrogens, 210 Gynecomastia, 161, 209 European association of urology (EAU), 252 External spermatic fascia, 28 Extratesticular H masses, 156 Haller vas aberrans, 87 injuries, 78 Hematom, 74, 133, 349 tumors extratesticular, 75 imaging, 167 intratesticular, 75 ultrasonography, 74 MRI, 80 F post traumatic, 349 Failure to ejaculate: see Anejaculation Hematocele, 133 Femoral cutaneous nerve, 33 chroni, 133 Fertile eunuch syndrome: see LH deficiency isolated imaging, 82 Fertility indices, 221 in adults, 188 Fibrous pseudotumor, 325 in children, 201 MRI, 326 management, 204 ultrasonography, 323 Hematospermia, 37, 242 Fine Needle Aspiration, 246 Hematuria, 242 Fluid collections, 156 Hemochromatosis, 282 Fractured testis: see also Testicular rupture, 74 Hemorrhage spontaneous intra-testiculr, 349 Fragile X syndrome, 38 Henoch-Shonlein purpura, 86, 86 356 Index H (cont.) ultrasonography, 112 Highmori corpus: see Mediastinum testis internal orifice, 32 HIF-1alfa, 143 inspection, 297 HIV, 95 Inhibin B, 231 Hormonal disorder, 155 Internal spermatic fascia, 28 Hormone Interstitial cells: see also Leydig cell, 30 endogenous, 209 tumors, 229 exogenous, 209 Intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI), 245, 256 Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test, 236 In vitro fertilization (IVF), 245 Hydatid of Morgagni: see Testicular appendix Hydrocele, 140, 141, 218 communicating K treatment, 158 Kalig-1, 209 imaging, 318 Kallmann syndrome, 209, 284 in adults, 322 X-linked form, 209 in children, 201 Kartagener syndrome, 209, 284 MRI, 204 Karyotypic abnormalities, 209 non communicating Keratocysts: see Epidermoid cysts treatment, 158 Klinefelter’s disease (syndrome), 38, 210, 253 reactive, 81, 142, 194 mosaicism, 210 septa, 103 ultrasonography Gray-Scale, 109 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 95 L Hyperprolactinemia, 209 Late Onset of Hypogonadism, 233 Hyperthyroidism, 228, 232 Laparoscopy: see also Orchidopexis laparoscopy Hypogonadism, 229 and Orchiectomy laparoscopic etc hipogonadotropic, 249 exploration: see also surgical exploration, 101, 297 isolated, 209 risks, 296 very early onset (VEOH), 233 Leiomyosarcomas, 176 Hypospadia, 33, 192 Leydig cells, 30 Hypothalamic tumors, 155 disease, 209 Leukemia, 155 dysfunction, 209 imaging Hypothyroidism, 210 in adults, 166 in children, 196 LH, 230 I deficiency Incidental scrotal findings, 313 isolated, 209 differential diagnosis, 323 Lipoma imaging, 332 CT, 176 microlithiasis, 314 management, 158 Intratesticular varicocele: MRI, 165 see Varicocele intratesticular ultrasonography, 163 Immunodeficiency, 95 Loss of libido, 36, 209 Impotence: see also Erectile dysfunction, 36 Luciferase, 351 psychogenic, 36 Lymphatic malformation, 202 organic, 36 Lymphoma, 155, 325 Incomplete descended testis: chemotherapy, 155 see Undescended testis intrathecal, 155 Infertility: see also Male infertility, 144, 154 Imaging Inguinal in adults, 166 exploration, 152 in children, 196 hernia, 29, 192 direct, 40 imaging M in adults, 188 Macrocalcifications, 318 in children, 199 Male accessory glands MRI, 56 infection (MAGI), 230 indirect, 40, 299 Male fertility, 208 management, 158 clinical features, 207 strangulated, 122 physiology, 208 Index 357 primitive, 224 mediastinum, 21 secondary, 208 parenchyma, 56 Male infertility, 241 multiple contrast approach, 19 causes, 208 preparation for patient, 18 endocrine, 208 processes vaginalis, 121 pre-testicular, 209 pulse sequence
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