DOCSLIB.ORG

English Words with Phonetic Transcription Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
English Words with Phonetic Transcription Pdf English Words With Phonetic Transcription Pdf Unfortunate Timothee quells definably. Which Dru necrotize so waitingly that Stanislaw gathers her rollneck? Spud locates his incidentals homologised despondingly, but letter-perfect Woodie never hogtied so descriptively. Taipei: American Magazine Center. They may not represent your particular vowel set. Throughout several centuries English scholars have advocated spelling reform. Take some time to examine the IPA chart. Many writers stress that phonetic specification of RP is central to its definition. When a voiceless sound is followed by a voiced sound such as a vowel, the vocal cords must close so they can vibrate. The Origins and Development of the English Languageed. If the symbol schwa is inserted, the syllabic mark will no longer be used, as the consonants lose their syllabicity, cf. Letters may be continued for use of the weak form a number of air escapes through the students to transcribe clients with it only phonemes for words with phonetic transcription. This is what is appropriate for dictionaries and language textbooks. The details of this process, however, are not equally clear in all cases. Practical Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Longman, etc. The onset of a syllable consists of all the consonants that precede a that the onset may consist of either a single consonant or a In syllables with no initial consonant, there would be no onset. English, not just the phonemic ones. There were a lot of people in the room who wanted to stay. If two sounds are simply characteristic of a language, but are never used to distinguish one meaning from another, they are phones, but they are not phonemes. My parents, who set me on the path to this goal and encouraged me not to give up. Every language has a set of phones. Several doubts can be at least partially dissipated by checking the recordings discussed in the preceding paragraph. If the pitch is level across the syllable, we have register. English Transcription Practices in Taiwanbe observed in handwritten materials. After this stricture has been formed and air has been compressed behind it, it is released, that is, air is allowed to escape. To aid in the learning process, all new terms will be in bold letters the first time they are used. Anterior sounds are consonants produced in the front part of the mouth, that is, from the alveolar area forward. English Transcription Practices in Taiwane situation is still different inthe case ofthe words of the heretype, described earlier. Indicate when such a word appears not to occur in your dialect of English. Phonemic and phonetic transcription both have their purposes. ED Degree in ELT Curriculum and Teaching Methods. Phonemic approximations between slashes do not have absolute sound values. Communicative Approach The ultimate goal was communication. DESIGN SERVICES OFAnother way sound and spelling differ is that the same sound can be repent letter sequences or patterns that represent the same sound. Because corrective instruction guarantees that students have the learning prerequisites for subsequent units, initial instruction in later units can proceed more rapidly, allowing teachers to cover just as much material as they would using more traditional methods. In order to understand and be understood using the spoken language, a student must be able to distinguish phonemes when she hears them, and must be able to pronounce them well enough that other speakers can recognize them in her speech. IPA symbol and the word stress marked in. As previously indicated, studying the full set of phones used by a language, beyond just the phonemes, is not necessary unless a student wants to eliminate an accent. Systematic or impressionistic, according to the purpose they are generated for. Broad transcription is used to show students how something should be pronounced. The difference between the outcomes of the two evaluations has two implications. Speech sounds are not always produced the same way in every word. And there are learners of English as a foreign language who get equally misled by the spelling. English pronunciation varies depending upon individual speaking style as well as on language based on geographical area, native language background, and social or ethnic group membership. The release of the plosive sound happens by lowering the soft palate so that air escapes through the nose. If there are double letters in the spelling of a word, do not use double consonants in a transcription. The collective term for all the anatomical features involved in the production of speech sounds, including the lungs, trachea, oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, mouth and nose. Typically, when they are unstressed, they are pronounced in their weak form. Because the Roman alphabet contains fewer letters than the number of speech sounds in English, one alphabet letter often represents more than one speech sound. In the end, we discuss the two main types of phonetic transcription. We are about to discuss the major places of articulation. Which of the following sound pairs have the same manner of articulation, and what is that manner of articulation? The approach was imitative. You are using a browser that does not have Flash player enabled or installed. Any transcription is in some way an idealized representation of a spoken utterance. The juxtaposition of these transcriptions sometimes resulted in weird effects. DESIGN SERVICES OFthe IPA symbols. Orthography, or alphabetic spelling, does not represent the sounds of a language in a consistent way. Even Chinese and other languages far removed from English can be transcribed with the IPA. Online English Pronunciation Courses for people who speak English as a second language. All people speak a dialect. Ipa chart that no copyright information such as teaching english words with phonetic transcription pdf, producing speech sounds to. The monophthongal articulation of the vowels of faceresp. Divide each of the following groups of phonemes into sets of three that share common characteristics. Only changes to the alphabet or chart that have been approved by the Council can be considered part of the official IPA. Keep in mind that you would need to know the IPA symbols for speech sounds that are not part of the English language. Diphthongs or vowels of changing quality, as in try, how, main, etc. Paris in English and French. Therefore, it is important to say a brief word regarding these different forms of transcription now. This practice has been guided mainly by the goal to confine the symbols to the Roman symbols. The abbreviation IPA stands for both the International Phonetic Alphabet and the International Phonetic Association. English Spelling and Pronunciation. All of these can be regarded as types of phonetic transcription, though they may well vary considerably in quality. English word to the spoken form. In En glish, nasal vowels occur for the most part before nasal consonants in the same syllable, and oral vowels occur in all other places. IPA indications of prosody. Which organs of speech are called active and which are called passive? French, Polish, and Portuguese, nasalized vowels occur without nasal consonants. The motivation for this may vary. To learn of less familiar traps? Conclusion It should by now be clear that there is a great deal of difference between the way words are pronounced in isolation and in the context of connected speech. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, it only presents the most common cases. Such vowels remain constant in their articulation process and do not glide. In a phonetic transcription, every symbol stands for one sound, and one sound only. The study of speech sounds is called phonetics. Make sure that the browser microphone is enabled. They are not only learn the syllable units, therefore breaks down arrow keys, english words with phonetic transcription also occur in. English is a free stress language. The following groups of words contain allographs of a particular sound, represented by the is predictable, while the sound associated with others is not. It basically serves as a background for Because the course is organised so as to cover the workload of one semester, it does not compete with other more extensive introductory courses to phonetics. It lies between the larynx and the base of the skull and serves as a kind of crossroads between the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system, including the larynx. Since you of articulation is easily memorize phonetic training is one form subclasses of english with the royal family are the most dictionaries, then quickly as a number of this is that this study aimed to. In fact it can be even more complex. Please check your internet connection. That is, it does not result in the creation of a minimal pair. English sounds made by English learners in Taiwan. Diacritics are used to represent distinctive tones in the phonetic transcriptions. Unless otherwise indicated, you will be transcribing phonemically and should use slanted brackets around your transcriptions. Every disyllabic or polysyllabic word is pronounced with one or more syllables emphasized more than the remaining syllables in the word. DESIGN SERVICES OFsystematic phonetic alphabet, it would be virtually impossible to capture on paper an accurate representation of the speech sound disorders of individuals seeking professional remediation. The case of the Italian and English r sounds is probably the most emblematic example. No copyright information available for this content. English majors due to their marks in the phonetics and phonology course? Obstruents and glides are never syllabic sounds because they are always accompanied by a vowel, and that vowel functions as the syllabic core. In a tone language it is not the absolute pitch of the syllables that is important but the relations among the pitches of different syllables.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phrasing, Register Level Downstep and Partial Topic Constructions in Neapolitan Italian
    Phrasing, register level downstep and partial topic constructions in Neapolitan Italian Mariapaola D’Imperio and Francesco Cangemi In this paper, we analyze data from Neapolitan Italian showing that register level downstep across prosodic phrases can be a function of information structure and specific discourse strategies. Specifically, we hypothesized that in NP VP sentences, Partial (and thus contrastive) Topic NP phrases are followed by a phrase break and by a downstepped register level in the VP phrase, while this is not true in non-contrastive constructions. We also show that this type of register level downstep is not to be confused with the extreme register compression effect caused by early, contrastive focus (on the sentence-initial NP), though both Partial Topic and Contrastive Focus on a Subject NP appear to induce a phrase break between the NP and the VP phrase. Keywords : partial topic, contrastive focus, preboundary lengthening, register level downstep, Neapolitan Italian. 1. Introduction Within the Autosegmental-Metrical theory, pitch accents are predicted to be scaled relatively lower when later within an intermediate phrase, by virtue of either downstep or final lowering (Liberman and Pierrehumbert 1984). Downstep is predicted to be blocked across phrases, since (complete) pitch reset is observed after an intermediate phrase boundary. However, Ladd (1988) noted that partial reset can be observed in English for certain syntactic constructions, and hence proposed to model this effect as downstep of abstract register features across larger domains (such as two successive intermediate phrases within an intonation phrase). More recently, Truckenbrodt and colleagues (Truckenbrodt 2002; Féry and Truckenbrodt 2005) have emphasized the relevance of prosodic constituency in the dowstepping of register levels in German, by claiming that pitch accent values are merely relational and that the level of prosodic embedding determines the height of the peak.
    [Show full text]
  • Downstep and Recursive Phonological Phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43) Fatima Hamlaoui ZAS, Berlin; University of Toronto Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso ZAS, Berlin
    Chapter 9 Downstep and recursive phonological phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43) Fatima Hamlaoui ZAS, Berlin; University of Toronto Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso ZAS, Berlin This paper identifies contexts in which a downstep is realized between consecu- tive H tones in absence of an intervening L tone in Bàsàá (Bantu A43, Cameroon). Based on evidence from simple sentences, we propose that this type of downstep is indicative of recursive prosodic phrasing. In particular, we propose that a down- step occurs between the phonological phrases that are immediately dominated by a maximal phonological phrase (휙max). 1 Introduction In their book on the relation between tone and intonation in African languages, Downing & Rialland (2016) describe the study of downtrends as almost being a field in itself in the field of prosody. In line with the considerable literature on the topic, they offer the following decomposition of downtrends: 1. Declination 2. Downdrift (or ‘automatic downstep’) 3. Downstep (or ‘non-automatic downstep’) 4. Final lowering 5. Register compression/expansion or register lowering/raising Fatima Hamlaoui & Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso. 2019. Downstep and recursive phonological phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43). In Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (eds.), Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 155–175. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3367136 Fatima Hamlaoui & Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso In the present paper, which concentrates on Bàsàá, a Narrow Bantu language (A43 in Guthrie’s classification) spoken in the Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon by approx. 300,000 speakers (Lewis et al. 2015), we will first briefly define and discuss declination and downdrift, as the language displays bothphe- nomena.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1: Introduction to The
    PREVIEW OF THE IPA HANDBOOK Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet PARTI Introduction to the IPA 1. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? The aim of the International Phonetic Association is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. For both these it is necessary to have a consistent way of representing the sounds of language in written form. From its foundation in 1886 the Association has been concerned to develop a system of notation which would be convenient to use, but comprehensive enough to cope with the wide variety of sounds found in the languages of the world; and to encourage the use of thjs notation as widely as possible among those concerned with language. The system is generally known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both the Association and its Alphabet are widely referred to by the abbreviation IPA, but here 'IPA' will be used only for the Alphabet. The IPA is based on the Roman alphabet, which has the advantage of being widely familiar, but also includes letters and additional symbols from a variety of other sources. These additions are necessary because the variety of sounds in languages is much greater than the number of letters in the Roman alphabet. The use of sequences of phonetic symbols to represent speech is known as transcription. The IPA can be used for many different purposes. For instance, it can be used as a way to show pronunciation in a dictionary, to record a language in linguistic fieldwork, to form the basis of a writing system for a language, or to annotate acoustic and other displays in the analysis of speech.
    [Show full text]
  • An Instrumental Study of Vowel Reduction and Stress Placement in Spanish-Accented English
    SSLA. 11. 35-62. Printed in the United States of America. -------- -.- AN INSTRUMENTAL STUDY OF VOWEL REDUCTION AND STRESS PLACEMENT IN SPANISH-ACCENTED ENGLISH James Emil Flege Ocke-Schwen Bohn University of Alabama, Birmingham Morphophonological alternations in English words such as able versus ability involve changes in both stress and vowel quality. This study examined how native speakers of Spanish and English produced four such morphologically related English word pairs. Degree of stress and vowel quality was assessed auditorily and instrumentally. Stress placement generally seemed to constitute less of a learning problem for the native Spanish speakers than vowel reduction. The results suggest that Englishlike stress placement is acquired earlier than vowel reduction and that the ability to unstress vowels is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for vowel reduction. The magnitude of stress and vowel quality differences for the four word pairs suggests that L2 learners acquire stress placement and vowel reduction in English on a word-by-word basis. INTRODUCTION Many second language (12) learners retain a foreign accent long after achieving proficiency in other aspects of 12 production. A foreign accent may result from segmental substitutions of replica for model sounds as well as non-12-like rhythmic, intonational, and stress patterns (Flege, )984). Even though it is generally agreed that This study was supported by NIH grant NS20963-04. The authors would like to thank Sherry Sutphin for fabricating the pseudopalates and for data analysis. ~ 1969 Cambridge Univenity Press OZ7Z·Z63 1/69 $5.00 + .00 3S 36 James Emil Flege and Ocke-Schwen Bohn the use of full instead of reduced vowels in unstressed syllables may contribute impor• tantly to foreign accent and this phenomenon "is extremely typical" (Hammond, 1986) in Spanish-accented English, to our knowledge it has never been examined empirically.
    [Show full text]
  • Register in Eastern Cham: Phonological, Phonetic and Sociolinguistic Approaches
    REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Marc Brunelle August 2005 © 2005 Marc Brunelle REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES Marc Brunelle, Ph.D. Cornell University, 2005 The Chamic language family is often cited as a test case for contact linguistics. Although Chamic languages are Austronesian, they are claimed to have converged with Mon-Khmer languages and adopted features from their closest neighbors. A good example of such a convergence is the realization of phonological register in Cham dialects. In many Southeast Asian languages, the loss of the voicing contrast in onsets has led to the development of two registers, bundles of features that initially included pitch, voice quality, vowel quality and durational differences and that are typically realized on rimes. While Cambodian Cham realizes register mainly through vowel quality, just like Khmer, the registers of the Cham dialect spoken in south- central Vietnam (Eastern Cham) are claimed to have evolved into tone, a property that plays a central role in Vietnamese phonology. This dissertation evaluates the hypothesis that contact with Vietnamese is responsible for the recent evolution of Eastern Cham register by exploring the nature of the sound system of Eastern Cham from phonetic, phonological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Proponents of the view that Eastern Cham has a complex tone system claim that tones arose from the phonemicization of register allophones conditioned by codas after the weakening or deletion of coda stops and laryngeals.
    [Show full text]
  • Tone, Intonation, Stress and Duration in Navajo
    Tone, intonation, stress and duration in Navajo Item Type text; Article Authors Kidder, Emily Publisher University of Arizona Linguistics Circle (Tucson, Arizona) Journal Coyote Papers: Working Papers in Linguistics, Linguistic Theory at the University of Arizona Rights http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Download date 25/09/2021 21:50:14 Item License Copyright © is held by the author(s). Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126405 Tone, Intonation, Stress and Duration in Navajo Emily Kidder University of Arizona Abstract 1 Introduction The phonological categories of tone, stress, duration and intonation interact in interesting and complex ways in the world’s languages. One reason for this is that they all use the phonetic cues of pitch and duration in different ways in order to be understood as phonologically meaningful. The Navajo language has unique prosodic characteristics that make it particularly valuable for the study of how pitch and duration interact on a phonological level. Navajo is a tonal language, and also has phonemic length, however, the existence of prosodic elements such as intonation and stress have been a matter of debate among scholars (De Jong and McDonough, 1993; McDonough, 1999). In- tonation has been assumed to be a universal characteristic, present in tonal and non-tonal languages alike, though evidence to the contrary has been pre- sented (Connell and Ladd, 1990; Laniran, 1992; McDonough, 2002). Stress or accent is similarly thought to be a manifested on some level in all lan- guages, even when it is not used contrastively (Hayes, 1995). In this paper I explore the evidence available for whether or not stress and intonation exists in Navajo.
    [Show full text]
  • Pronunciation Notes (PDF)
    Pronunciation Notes for the Pronouncing Dictionary of the Supreme Court of the United States Jason A. Zentz IPA Garner Examples IPA Garner Examples p p pie, pea i ee heed, bead b b by, bee ɪ i hid, bid t t tie, tea eɪ ay hate, bait d d die, D ɛ e head, bed k k buckeye, key æ a had, bad ɡ g guy, foggy ɑ ah ha, baa ʔ (none)1 uh-uh, Hawaiʻi ɑ ah2 hot, body tʃ ch chai, cheetah ɔ aw hawed, bawd dʒ j jive, G oʊ oh hoed, bode f f fie, fee ʊ uu hood, book v v vie, V u oo whoʼd, booed θ th thigh, theme ə ə ahead, aboard ð th thy, thee ʌ ə Hudson, bud s s sigh, sea aɪ ɪ hide, bide z z Zaire, Z aʊ ow howʼd, bowed ʃ sh shy, she ɔɪ oi ahoy, boy ʒ zh vision, regime iɹ eer here, beard χ kh3 chutzpah ɛɹ air hair, bared h h high, he ɑɹ ahr hard, bard m m my, me ɔɹ or horde, board n n nigh, knee uɹ oor poor, boor ŋ ng rang, clingy əɹ ər herd, bird, over l l lie, Lee ɹ r rye, reed w w wide, we hw hw why, which j y yes, ye 1 For Americanized pronunciations that include the glottal stop, it is represented in our IPA transcriptions but not our Garner transcriptions. 2 Garner (2009a,b, 2011) distinguishes between IPA /ɑ/ and /ɒ/, giving /ah/ for the former and /o/ for the latter.
    [Show full text]
  • 49 Stress-Timed Vs. Syllable- Timed Languages
    TBC_049.qxd 7/13/10 19:21 Page 1 49 Stress-timed vs. Syllable- timed Languages Marina Nespor Mohinish Shukla Jacques Mehler 1Introduction Rhythm characterizes most natural phenomena: heartbeats have a rhythmic organization, and so do the waves of the sea, the alternation of day and night, and bird songs. Language is yet another natural phenomenon that is charac- terized by rhythm. What is rhythm? Is it possible to give a general enough definition of rhythm to include all the phenomena we just mentioned? The origin of the word rhythm is the Greek word osh[óp, derived from the verb oeí, which means ‘to flow’. We could say that rhythm determines the flow of different phenomena. Plato (The Laws, book II: 93) gave a very general – and in our opinion the most beautiful – definition of rhythm: “rhythm is order in movement.” In order to under- stand how rhythm is instantiated in different natural phenomena, including language, it is necessary to discover the elements responsible for it in each single case. Thus the question we address is: which elements establish order in linguistic rhythm, i.e. in the flow of speech? 2The rhythmic hierarchy: Rhythm as alternation Rhythm is hierarchical in nature in language, as it is in music. According to the metrical grid theory, i.e. the representation of linguistic rhythm within Generative Grammar (cf., amongst others, Liberman & Prince 1977; Prince 1983; Nespor & Vogel 1989; chapter 43: representations of word stress), the element that “establishes order” in the flow of speech is stress: universally, stressed and unstressed positions alternate at different levels of the hierarchy (see chapter 40: stress: phonotactic and phonetic evidence).
    [Show full text]
  • Stress Chapter
    Word stress in the languages of the Caucasus1 Lena Borise 1. Introduction Languages of the Caucasus exhibit impressive diversity when it comes to word stress. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the stress systems in North-West Caucasian (henceforth NWC), Nakh-Dagestanian (ND), and Kartvelian languages, as well as the larger Indo-European (IE) languages of the area, Ossetic and (Eastern) Armenian. For most of these languages, stress facts have only been partially described and analyzed, which raises the question about whether the available data can be used in more theoretically-oriented studies; cf. de Lacy (2014). Instrumental studies are not numerous either. Therefore, the current chapter relies mainly on impressionistic observations, and reflects the state of the art in the study of stress in these languages: there are still more questions than answers. The hope is that the present summary of the existing research can serve as a starting point for future investigations. This chapter is structured as follows. Section 2 describes languages that have free stress placement – i.e., languages in which stress placement is not predicted by phonological or morphological factors. Section 3 describes languages with fixed stress. These categories are not mutually exclusive, however. The classification of stress systems is best thought of as a continuum, with fixed stress and free stress languages as the two extremes, and most languages falling in the space between them. Many languages with fixed stress allow for exceptions based on certain phonological and/or morphological factors, so that often no firm line can be drawn between, e.g., languages with fixed stress that contain numerous morphologically conditioned exceptions (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • What in the World Do We Know About Word Stress? a Review of What It Is and How to Teach It
    What in the world do we know about word stress? A review of what it is and how to teach it by Martin Checklin Abstract Word stress is an imperative part of English language learning, both in terms of comprehending spoken English and increasing oral intelligibility. However, it can often be a difficult area for learners of English to master successfully and one which is problematic for teachers of pronunciation to embrace in their teaching. This literature review presents an overview of what word stress is, its importance in intelligibility, and specific issues which certain language background groups encounter. Additionally, the review discusses and critiques the teaching methods of word stress found in commercially-produced textbooks and thus provides theoretical knowledge for teachers to incorporate into their classroom teaching. Recommendations for further research into word stress acquisition are outlined. Introduction As pronunciation teaching has become more focused on increasing intelligibility rather than emulating a ‘native-like’ accent (Levis, 2005), faulty production of word stress has been found to significantly decrease intelligibility (Cutler & Clifton, 1984; Gallego, 1990; Bond, 1999; Field, 2005). This literature review presents an overview of what word stress is, its relationship with intelligibility and particular problems that students from certain language backgrounds might encounter. In addition, the paper discusses and critiques some of the methods for teaching word stress found in teaching resources in order to provide pronunciation teachers with theoretical knowledge which they can incorporate into their classroom practice. English word stress English, along with other languages such as Russian and Arabic, belongs to a group of languages which are described as ‘stress-timed’ languages (Abercrombie, 1967).
    [Show full text]
  • How Does Phonetics Interact with Phonology During Tone Sandhi?
    How does phonetics interact with phonology during tone sandhi? Bijun Ling Tongji University [email protected] ABSTRACT whether the phonological system affects the phonetic interaction of consonant and f0. This paper investigated the phonetics and phonology Shanghai Wu, a northern Wu dialect of Chinese, of consonant–f0 interaction in Shanghai Wu. Bi- offers a good study case for this research question. syllabic compound nouns, which form tone sandhi Shanghai Wu has five lexical tones, which can be domain, were elicited within template sentences with described by three features [27]: F0 contour: falling two factors controlled: lexical tones (T1[HM], (T1) and rising (T2-T5); Tonal register: high (T1, T2, T3[LM], T5[LMq]) and consonant types (obstruents T4) and low (T3, T5); and Duration: long (T1-T3) and & nasals). Results showed that although the base tone short (T4, T5). They exhibit interesting co-occurrence contrast of the second syllable is neutralized by patterns with both the onset and coda of the tone- phonological tone sandhi rules, the onset f0 of the bearing syllable. Syllables with voiceless onsets only second syllable with low tones (T3) is significantly allow tones that start in the high register, i.e. T1, T2 lower than that with high tone (T1). Furthermore, and T4; while voiced onsets co-occur with tones that such difference cannot be just attributed to the start in the low register, i.e. T3 and T5. Interestingly, consonant perturbation, because it also exists when the sonorant consonants could occur with both high the consonant (i.e. /m/) is the same for all three tones.
    [Show full text]
  • On Recent Claims About Stress and Tone
    On recent claims about stress and tone in Beijing Mandarin∗ François DELL D'après Duanmu (2000), l'accentuation du chinois standard est caractérisée par des pieds accentuels à tête initiale. Parmi les arguments que l'auteur présente en faveur de cette thèse, certains relèvent de la phonologie, et d'autres de la morpho-syntaxe. Nous passons en revue les arguments phonologiques et nous concluons qu'aucun n'emporte la conviction. Mots clé : Mandarin, accentuation, sandhi tonal, domaine cyclique. According to Duanmu (2000), stress in Standard Chinese is characterized by left-headed feet. This review examines the phonological arguments given in the book supporting this claim. The conclusion is that the book fails to present any solid phonological evidence in favor of left-headed stress feet in Standard Chinese. Key words : Mandarin, stress, tone sandhi, cyclic domain. ∗ I thank Monique Hoa and Xu Dan for helping me with some of the examples, and Hilary Chappell for reviewing my English. I owe a special debt to San Duanmu, whose comments on an earlier draft have led to significant improvements. Any faults remaining are my sole responsibility. Cahiers de Linguistique – Asie Orientale 33(1): 33-63 (2004) © CRLAO-EHESS 54, Bd Raspail 75006 Paris 0153-3320/2004/033-33 34 Dell F. / Cahiers de Linguistique – Asie Orientale 33(2004) 33-63 1. INTRODUCTION The syntax-phonology interface has been an area of intense theoretical interest for several decades, and Chinese has come to occupy a prominent place in that line of research, owing to important work on tone sandhi in the Xiamen and Shanghai dialects.1 As for the Beijing dialect, it is still debatable what it can teach us about the interaction between syntax and phonology.
    [Show full text]