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A · ·Strati on of the Marine Marmnal Protection Act of 1972

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A · ·Strati on of the Marine Marmnal Protection Act of 1972 A · ·stration of the Marine Marmnal Protection Act of 1972 Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Biological Service Marine Mammal Protection Act Report of the Department of the Interior The Marine Mammal Protection Act ofl972 (16 U.S. C. 1361-1407, 86 Stat. 1027 (1972)), as amended (95 Stat. 979 (1981), 98 Stat. 440 (1984), 100 Stat. 3741 (1986), 102 Stat. 4755 (1988), and 108 Stat. 532 (1994)), states in Section 103(f) that: "Within six months after the effective date of this Act [December 21, 1972] and every twelve months thereafter, the Secretary shall report to the public through publication in the Federal Register and to the Congress on the current status of all marine mammal species and population stocks subject to the provisions of d1e Act. His report shall describe d1ose actions taken and those measures believed necessary, including where appropriate, the issuance of permits pursuant to mis title to assure me well-being of such marine mammals." The responsibility ofd1e Department ofd1e Interior is limited by Section 3(ll)(B) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act to mose marine mammals that are members of the Orders Carnivora (polar bear, sea otter, and marine otter), Pinnipedia (walrus), and Sirenia (manatee and dugong). Accordingly, published herewim is the report ofd1e Department of tl1e Interior for d1e period ofJanuary 1, 1994, to December 31, 1994, on the administration of the Marine Mammal Protection Act with regard to those man1mals. Issued at Washington, D .C. Acting Director Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Biological Service Dated July 24, 1996 Dated July 30, 1996 A · ·stration ofthe Marine Marmnal Protection Act of 1972 January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1994 U.S. Department of the Interior • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • National Biological Service Washington, DC 20240 Contents Introduction ..... .... ............. .... .. .. ......... .................................................................................. .. ....................... 1 Authority .............. ..... ... ......... .... .... ........ .. ........................................................................ ......... ................. 1 Species List ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary of the 1994 Program ...... ......... .. .... ... .. ....... ... ... ... ..... ................... .. .... .... ...... ...... .... .... .... ....... .. ...... 2 Appropriations ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Distribution of Expenditures ..... .. ....................................... .. .... ... .. ... ................ .... ... .... ............................ 2 Outer Continental Shelf Operations and Environmental Studies ......................................... .. ... ... ........ ... .. ....2 Research and Development ............. .. ...... ... ... ........ .... ................. .......... .... ... ... ....... ... ......... ... .............. ..... ....2 Enforcement .. ... .. ....... .... .. .......... .. ... ... ..... ............................................................. ........................... ........... 11 Permits and Registrations .... ...... .... .... ..... ... ..... .. ............ .......... .. ...... ... .............. .. ... ... ........ ....... ....... ............ 12 Scientific Research Permits ..................................................................................................................... 13 Public Display Permits ........................................................................................................................... 14 Registered Agent(fannery Permits ................. ........................................................................................ 14 1994 Amendments to the Act .......................................................................................................... .. .... 14 International Activities .... .... .. .. ................ .... .............. .... ......... .. ........... ....... .... .......... ... ...... .. ... ........ .. ... ... ... 14 US-Russia Environmental Agreement: Marine Mammal Project ... ........... ............. ............ ........... .... ...... 14 Amendment and Reauthorization of the Marine Mammal Protection Act .................................................. 15 Status Reports ............................. ........ ..... .. .... .... ..... .... ... ... .. ............. ..... .. ... ... .. .................... ... ... ................ 17 Sea Otter-Alaska .................................................................................................................................... 17 Walrus .......................................... .............. ................................................. .......................................... 18 Polar Bear .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Marking, Tagging, and Reporting Program ............................................................................................ 22 Walrus Harvest Monitoring Project ........................................................................................................ 27 Incidental Small Takes-Alaska ................................................................................................................. 29 Sea Otter-Southern .................................. .... .......................................................................................... 30 West Indian Manatee ... ............................................................................................................. .. ..... ... .. 34 Dugong ....... ............. .. .. ..... ................... .. .. ... ............. .... ... ......... ...... ... .............. .. .. ... ... .. ...... ...... .. ......... ... 36 Hawaiian Monk Seal ............................................................................................................... .. ............ .36 Intrcxiuction Authority The passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, hereafter referred to as the Act, gave the Department of the Interior (Department) responsi­ bility for manatees, polar bears, walmses, sea and marine otters, and dugong. Within the Department, the Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is the pri­ mary agency responsible for managing these marine mammals and for enforcing the moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals and marine mammal parts. In Fiscal Year 1994, the ational Manatee. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service photo. Biological Survey (later changed to the National Biological Service (NBS)) was created within the other Endangered Species Act (ESA)-related respon­ Department with the responsibility to conduct sibilities and maintains a close working relationship marine mammal research. with the Marine Man1mal Commission (MMC) and its Committee of Scientific Advisors. Prior to Fiscal The Service administers requests for waiving the Year 1994, the Service conducted research programs moratorium and for the transfer of management on marine mammals, but since then, the NBS has authority to States, issues permits, enforces provi­ been charged with that responsibility sions of the Act, publishes mles and regulations to manage marine mammals, cooperates with the During the period of time covered by this report, States, and participates in international activities and there were no significant changes to the listed status agreements. In addition, the Service lists and delists of any of the species of marine mammals whose species as endangered or threatened and undertakes management is the Service's responsibility Species List Species List and Status of Marine Mammals Under Service Jurisdiction Under the Act and the £ndangered Species Act Species Marine Mammal Endangered Common Name Scientific Name Protection Act Species Act Polar bear Ursus maritimus Yes No Sea otter-Alaska Enhydra lutris lutris Yes No Sea otter-southern Enhydra lutris nereis Yes Threatened Marine otter Lutra felina Yes Endangered Walms Odobenus rosmarus Yes No Dugong Dugong dugon Yes Endangered* West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus Yes Endangered Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis Yes Endangered West Mrican manatee Trichechus senegalensis Yes Threatened * The dugong is listed as endangered throughout its entire historic range except when it occurs in the United States. 1 Summary ofthe 1994 Program Appropriations Research and Development For Fiscal Years (FY) 1994 and 1995, the Service's The National Biological Service conducted research funding authorization was under authority of under the Act during FY 1994 at several Centers Section ll6(b) of the Act as adopted in the 1994 and Field Stations. The Alaska Science Center amendments (108 Stat. 532) to the Act. Calendar (ASC, former Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research year 1994 covered by this report overlaps FY's 1994 Center) is responsible for polar bear, walrus, and and 1995; funds (in $000) authorized for both northern (i .e., Alaska) sea otter research. The ASC years, as well as funds spent in FY 1994 and pro­ also administered work on southern sea otters in jected to be spent in FY 1995, are presented. 1994, but as of 1995 that responsibility has been transferred to the new California Pacific Science Authorized Expended Projected Center (CPSC) . The Southeastern
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