ISSN: 1043-3546 PERIODICALS MWgSBlte 200W HUiU«50322
DAIRY. FOOD ENVIRONMEWJTAll
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Reader Service No. 126 Visit us at the Food Quality Conference & Expo, October 3-5, 2000
NEW from FPI! FREE! Use of Chlorine-Based Our NEW 177-page Sanitizers and Disinfectants r comprehensive in the Food Processing Industry yet easy-to-use Publication and PowerPoint Presentation Buyers Guide Chlorine and chlorine-based sanitizers and disinfectants are w- ^ for the quality widely used in the food processing industry because of their \ , control low cost, and because they play a significant role in the in¬ laboratory. dustry’s focus on microbial reduction. Effective and efficient usage, sound environmental practices, and understanding the industry’s responsible stewardship in the minimization of chlorine waste is the aim of this publication. Also contains a PowerPoint presentation, with over 100 slides, for use in Request Your Free Catalog: training employees. A product of many technical and scientific CALL: 800-328-8378 experts in the food processing industry # p„ h Food VISIT: www.weberscientific.com and published by The Food Proc- MHAh Processors essing Center at the University Institute E-MAIL; [email protected] of Nebraska. 'VI WEBER SCIENTIFIC To order, call 202/639-5954 or visit FPI’s website: www.fpi-food.org.
Reader Service No. 131 Reader Service No. 140
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Reader Service No. 139
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sonitotion 665 ABOUT THE COVER... DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL i Photo courtesy of PhotoDisc, Inc., j Food Essentials, Volume 20.
! Use of this photo does not imply endorsement i of any product by the International Association j for Food Protection. Sanitation International Association lor Food Protection
Articles _
The Effect of Different Thawing Methods on the Growth of Bacteria in Chicken.678 S. M. Jimenez, M. E. Pirovani, M. S. Salsi, M. C. Tiburzi, and O. P. Snyder
Small Round Coliphages as Surrogates for Human Viruses in Process Assessment.684 Tadesse W. Mariam and Dean O. Cliver
Thoughts on Today’s Food Safety...Food- and Waterhome Parasitic Protozoa.732
Association News
Sustaining Members.672 My Perspective. 674 Commentary' from the Hxeeutive Director.676 New Members.702 Affiliate Officers.704
Departments
News.710 Industry' Products.715 Coming Events.721 (Career Services Section.723 Advertising Index.726
Extras
The National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation Urges Full Industry Participation During National Food Safety Education Month” 2000 in September.690 Book Review — International Food Safety Handbook—Science, International Regulations, and Control... 691 Edited by: Kees van der Heijden, Maged Younes, Lawrence Fishbein, and Sanford Miller Award Nominations.692 Call for Nominations — 2001 Secretary.694 Call for 2001 Abstracts.695 lAFP Policy on Commercialism.700 Audiovisual Library Order Form.728 Booklet Order Form.729 Membership Application.731
The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy’ of the articles or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles and descriptions.
666 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 NSF International can register your food safety plan.
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SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmenfol Sanitation 667 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL nternational Association for Food Protection
6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W SanlfatloA PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTIONn Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation (ISSN-1043-3546) is pub¬ Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 lished monthly beginning with the January number by the International Association Fax; 515.276.8655 for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322- E-mail: [email protected] 2863, USA. Each volume comprises 12 numbers. Printed by Heuss Printing, Inc., Web site: www.foodprotection.org 91 1 N. Second Street, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. Periodical Postage paid at Des Moines, Iowa 5031 8 and additional entry offices. DFES JOURNAL STAFF Manuscripts: Correspondence regarding manuscripts should be addressed to Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International Association for Food Protection. David W. Tharp, CAE: Executive Director News Releases, Updates, Coming Events and Cover Photos: Corres¬ E-mail: [email protected] pondence for these materials should be sent to Donna A. Bahun, Pro- Lisa K. Hovey: Managing Editor i duction Editor, International Association for Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] "Instructions for Authors" may be obtained from our Web site at Donna A. Bahun: Production Editor www.foodprotection.org or from Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International E-mail: [email protected] Association for Food Protection. Orders for Reprints: All orders should be sent to Dairy, Food and Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader Environmental Sanitation, International Association for Food Protection. Note: E-mail: [email protected] Single copies of reprints are not available from this address; address single copy reprint requests to principal author. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR Reprint Permission: Questions regarding permission to reprint any portion FOOD PROTECTION STAFF of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation should be addressed to: David W. Tharp, CAE: Executive Director Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International Association for Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] Business Matters: Correspondence regarding business matters should be addressed to Lisa K. Hovey, Managing Editor, International Association for Lisa K. Hovey: Assistant Director Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] Membership Dues: Membership in the Association is available to individuals. Donna A. Bahun: Design and Layout Dues include a 1 2-month subscription to Dairy, Food and Environmental E-mail: [email protected] Sanitation at a rate of $90.00 US, $ 100.00 Canada/Mexico, and $ 1 15.00 Julie A. Cattanach: Membership Services International. Dues including Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation j and the Journal of Food Protection are $ 150.00 US, $ 175.00 Canada/ E-mail: [email protected] Mexico, and $220.00 International. Student memberships are available with Lucia Collison: Association Services verification of student status. Student rates are $45.00 US, $55.00 Canada/ E-mail: [email protected] Mexico, and $70.00 International for Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, $45.00 US, $60.00 Canada/Mexico, and $90.00 International for Bev Corron: Public Relations Journal of Food Protection, and $75.00 US, $100.00 Canada/Mexico, E-mail: [email protected] and $ 145.00 International for Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation Karla K. Jordan: Order Processing and Journal of Food Protection. All membership dues include shipping and E-mail: [email protected] handling. No cancellations accepted. Correspondence regarding changes of address and dues must be sent to Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, Didi Sterling Loynachan: Administrative Assistant ' International Association for Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] Sustaining Membership: A sustaining membership in the Association is avail¬ Beth Miller: Accounting Assistant able to companies at a rate of $525.00 per year. Far more information, contact E-mail: [email protected] Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, International Association for Food Protection Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader E-mail: [email protected] Subscription Rates: Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation is available by subscription for $192.00 US, $202.00 Canada/Mexico, and Tanya L. Wheeler: Audiovisual Library Coordinator $21 7.00 International. Single issues are available for $24.00 US and $33.00 E-mail: [email protected] all other countries. All rates include shipping and handling. No cancellations Frank E. Zuehike: Senior Accountant accepted. For more information contact Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, E-mail: [email protected] International Association for Food Protection. Claims: Notice of failure to receive copies must be reported within 30 days ADVERTISING domestic, 90 days outside US. David Larson Postmaster: Send address changes to Dairy, Food and Environmental P.O. Box 25 Sanitation, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322- Waukee, lA 50263 ; 2863, USA. Phone: 515.987.1359 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation is printed on paper that meets Fax: 515.987.2003 the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992. E-mail: [email protected]
668 Ooity, Food ond Environmentol Sonitotion - SEPTEMBER 2000 CAPITOL VIAL, INC
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DQCI Services. Inc. Bacteiiological & Chemical Testing
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography Carbohydrates and/or Antibiotics in Milk
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Reader Service No. 129
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sonitotion DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL Future Annual Meetings Sanitation
EXECUTIVE BOARD
President, Jenny Scotf, National Food Processors Association, 1 350 I Street N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20005-3305; Phone: 202.639.5985; E-mail: iscott@nfpa- food.org
President-Elect, James S. Dickson, Iowa State University, Department of Micro¬ biology, 207 Science I, Ames, lA 50011-0001; Phone: 515.294.4733; E-mail: 2001 [email protected] Vice President, Anna M. Lammerding, Health Canada, Health Protection Branch, 1 1 0 Stone Road W., Guelph, Ontaria, Canada N 1 G 3W4; Phone: 51 9.822.3300 August 5-8 Ext. 247; E-mail: [email protected] Secretary, Paul A. Hall, Kraft Foods, Inc., 801 Waukegan Road, Glenview, IL, Hilton Minneapolis 60025-4312; Phone: 847.646.3678; E-mail: [email protected]
Minneapolis, Minnesota Past President, Jack Guzewich, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Enforcement and Programs, HFS-605, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204-0001; Phone: 202.260.3847; E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliate Council Chairperson, Fred Weber, Weber Scientific, 2732 Kuser Road, Hamilton, NJ 08691-9430; Phone: 609.584.7677; E-mail: [email protected]
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
David W. Tharp, CAE, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322- 2002 2863; Phone: 515.276.3344; E-mail: [email protected].
SCIENTIFIC EDITOR June 30-July 3 William LaGrange, Ph.D., Iowa State University, Department of Food Hyatt Regency Science and Human Nutrition, Food Sciences Building, Ames, lA 5001 1-0001; San Diego Phone; 515.294.3 156; Fax: 515.294.8181; E-mail: [email protected] San Diego, California SCIENCE NEWS EDITOR
Doug Powell, Ph.D., University ofGuelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada; Phone: 51 9.570.3928; Fax: 519.824.6631; E-mail: [email protected]
“The mission of the Association is to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply.”
670 Oaity, Food ond Environmenlol Sonitolion - SEPTEMBER 2000 GARY ACUFF. .College Station, TX JULIE A. ALBRECHT. .Lincoln, NE JEAN ALLEN. .Toronto, Ontario, CAN KEVIN ANDERSON. .Ames, lA HAROLD BENGSCH. .Springfield, MO THOMAS G. BOUFFORD. .St. Paul, MN BOB BRADLEY. .Madison, Wl CHRISTINE BRUHN. .Davis, CA JOHN BRUHN. .Davis, CA LLOYD BULLERMAN. .Lincoln, NE DONNA CHRISTENSEN. .Calgary, Alberta, CAN WARRENS. CLARK. .Chicago, IL WILLIAM W. COLEMAN . .Forgo, ND JANET E. COLLINS. .Arlington, VA PETE COOK. .Mt. Airy, MD NELSON COX. .Athens, GA CARL CUSTER. .Washington, D.C. JIM DICKSON. .Ames, lA ANN DRAUGHON. .Knoxville, TN RUTH FUQUA. .Mt. Juliet, TN JILLGEBLER. .Yorrom, Victoria, AU THOMAS M. GILMORE. .McLean, VA B. A. GLATZ. .Ames, lA DAVID GOMBAS. .Washington, D C. DAVID HENNING. .Brookings, SD CHARLOHE HINZ. .Leroy, NY JOHN HOLAH. .Gloucestershire, U K. JILL HOLLINGSWORTH. .Washington, D.C. JIM HUSS. .Ames, lA ELIZABETH JOHNSON. .Columbia, SC SUSAN KLEIN. .Des Moines, lA SHERRI L. KOCHEVAR. .Greeley, CO DOUG LORTON. .Fulton, KY PAUL MARTIN. .Chicago, IL LYNN MCMULLEN. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN JOHN MIDDLETON. Manukau City, Auckland, N.Z. CATHERINE NEHLES-CUHER .Clay Center, NE CHRIS NEWCOMER. .Cincinnati, OH DEBBYNEWSLOW. .Orlando, FL FRED PARRISH. .Ames, lA DARYL PAULSON. .Bozeman, MT DAVID PEPER. .Sioux City, lA CHARLES PRICE. .Lombard, IL MICHAEL PULLEN. .White Bear Lake, MN K. T. RAJKOWSKI. .Wyndmoor, PA LAWRENCE A. ROTH. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN ROBERT SANDERS. .Pensacola, FL RONALD H. SCHMIDT. .Gainesville, FL JOE SEBRANK. .Ames, lA DAVE SMITH. .Nepean, Ontario, CAN PETE SNYDER. .St. Paul, MN JOHN SOFOS. .Ft. Collins, CO LEO TIMMS. .Ames, lA P. C. VASAVADA. .River Falls, Wl E. R. VEDAMUTHU. .Rochester, MN
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 671 SustainingMembers
3-A Symbol Council, 1500 Second Capitol Wholesale Meats, 911 W. Eaton Hall Expositions, 256 Ave., SE, Suite 209, Odar Rapids, lA 37th PL, Chicago, IL 60609-1412; Columbia Turnpike, Florham Park, 52403; 319.286.9221 773.890.0600 NJ 07932; 800.746.9646
3M Microbiology Products, 3M Celsis, Inc., 1801 Maple Ave., Ecolab, Inc., 370 Wabasha St. N., Center, Bldg. 275, St. Paul, MN Evanston, IL 60201; 847.467.7870 St. Paul, MN 55102; 612.293.2364 55144-1000; 612.733 9558 Electrol Specialties Company, CHEMetrics, Inc., 4295 Catlett 441 Clark St., South Beloit, IL61080; ABC Research Corporation, 3437 Road, Calverton, VA 20138; 540.788. 815.389.2291 S.W. 24th Ave., Ciainesville, FL 32607; 9026 352.372.0436 Evergreen Packaging, Division of Chr. Hansen, Inc., 9015 W. Maple International Paper, 2400 6th St., Advanced Instruments, Inc., Two St., Milwaukee, WI 53214; 414.607. S.W., Cedar Rapids, lA 52406; 319. Technology Way, Norwood, MA 57{X) 399.3236 02062; 781.320.9000 Cogent Technologies, Ltd., 11140 F & H Food Equipment Co., P.O. Anderson Instrument Co., 156 Luschek Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45241; Box 3985, Springfield, MO 65808; Auriesville Road, Fultonville, NY 513.469.6800 12072; 518.922.5315 417.881.6114 DARDEN Restaurants, P.O. Box Applied Research Institute, 3N FoodHandler, 514 Grand Blvd., Simm Lane, P.O. Box 810, Newtown, 593330, Orlando, FL 32859-3330; Westburv', NY 11590; 800.338.4433 CT 06470-1942; 888.324.79(X) 407.245.5330 Foss North America, Inc., 7682 ASI Food Safety Consultants, Inc., Darigold, Inc., 635 Elliott Ave. W., Executive Dr., Eden Prairie, MN 7625 Page Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63133; P.O. Box 79007, W. Seattle, WA 55344-3677; 612.974.9892 800.433.0900 98119; 206.286.6772 FRM Chem, Inc., P.O. Box 207, Audits International, 60 Revere Dean Foods, P.O. Box 7005, Rock¬ Washington, MO 63090; 314.583. Dr., Suite 800, Northbrook, IL60062; ford, IL 61101-7005; 815.962.0647 4360 847.433.0900 Decagon Devices, 950 N.E. Nelson GENE-TRAK Systems, 94 South St., BCN Research Laboratories, Inc., Court, P.O. Box 835, Pullman, WA Hopkinton, MA 01748; 508.435.7400 P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, TN 99163; 509.332.2756 37950-0305; 800.236.0505 Genpoint AS, Gaustadalleen 21, DiverseyLever, 255 E. Fifth St., Suite Oslo, N-0349, Norway; 47.22.95. BD Biosciences, l Ixweton C^ircle, 1200, Cincinnati, OH 45202-4799; 8420 Sparits, MD 21152; 4l0.3l6.4467 513.762.6794 Bentley Instruments, Inc., 4004 Glo Germ Company, 150 E. Center DonLevy & Associates, Inc., 1551 Peavey Road, Chaska, MN 55318; St., Moab, UT 84532-2430; 800.842. E. 89th Ave., Merrillville, IN 46410; 612.448.7600 6622 219.736.0472 BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 Great Western Chemical Co., 1717 SE 32nd St., Bellevue, WA 98005; DQCI Services, Inc., 5205 Quincy E. Fargo, Nampa, ID 83687-6827; St., Mounds View, MN 55112-1400; 208.466.8437 425.603.1123 612.785.0484 bioMerieux, Inc., 595 Anglum IBA, Inc., 27 Providence Road, P.O. Road, Hazelwood, MO 63042-2320; DSM Food Specialties, N89 Box 31, Millbury, MA 01527; 508. 800.638.4835 W14475 Patrita Dr., Menomonee 865.6911 Falls, WI 53051; 414.255.7955 Capitol Vial, Inc., 6969 E. Sunrise, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One Suite 100, Tucson, AZ 85750; DYNAL, Inc., 5 Delaware Dr., Lake Idexx Dr., Westbrook, ME 04092; 800.688.9515 Success, NY 11042; 5l6.326.3270 207.856.0300
672 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 SustainingMembers
International BioProducts, Inc., National Restaurant Assn. — Rhodia, Inc., P.O. Box 592, Mad¬ P.O. Box 0746, Bothell, WA 98041- Educational Foundation, 250 S. ison, WI 53701; 800.356.9393 0746; 425.398.7993 Wacker Dr., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60606-5834; 800.765.2122 Rochester Midland Corp., 333 International Dairy Foods Asso¬ Hollenbeck St., Rochester, NY ciation, 1250 H St. N.W., Suite 900, Nelson-Jameson, Inc., 2400 E. Fifth 14621; 716.336.2360 Washington, D.C. 20005; 202.737. St., P.O. Box 647, Marshfield, WI Ross Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer 4332 54449-0647; 715.387.1151 Road, Columbus, OH 43219; Iowa State University Food Mic¬ Neogen Corporation, 620 Lesher 614.624.7438 robiology Group, 207 Science I, Place, Lansing, MI 48912; 517. rtech” laboratories, P.O. Box Ames, lA 50011; 515.294.4733 372.9200 64101, St. Paul, MN 55164-0101; J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., 3003 NESTLE USA, Inc., 800 N. Brand 800.328.9687 W. Breezewood Lane, Neenah, WI Blvd., Glendale, CA 91203; 818. Seiberling Associates, Inc., 94 54957-0368; 920.720.7625 549.5799 North High St., Suite 350, Dublin, KenAg Inc., 101 E. 7th St., Ashland, NSF International, 789 Dixboro OH 43017-1100; 614.764.2817 Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; 734. OH 44805; 800.338.7953 Seward Limited, 98 Great North 769.8010 Road, London, N2 OGN United King¬ Kraft Foods, Inc., 801 Waukegan dom; 44.0.181.365.4104 Road, Glenview, IL 60025; 847.646. Organon Teknika Corp., 100 Akzo 3678 Ave., Durham, NC 27712; 919.620. SiUiker Laboratories Group, Inc., 2000 900 Maple Road, Homewood, IL LabPlas Inc., 1950 Bombardier St., 60430; 708.957.7878 Ste-Julie, Quebec, Canada J3E 2J9; Oxoid, Inc., 1926 Merivale Road, 450.649.7343 Suite 100, Nepean, Ontario, Canada Sneezeguard Solutions, Inc., 1123 K2G 1E8; 800.267.6391 Wilkes Blvd., Suite 2-A, Columbia, Land O’Lakes, Inc., P.O. Box MO 65201-4774; 800.569.2056 Penn State University, University 64101, St. Paul, MN 551644)101; Creamery, 12 Borland Laboratory, 612.481.2870 Universal Sanitizers & Supplies, University Park, PA 16802; 814. Inc., P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, TN Medallion Laboratories, 9000 865.7535 37950; 423.584.1936 Plymouth Ave., Minneapolis, MN PestWest Electronics Limited, Warren Analytical Laboratory, 55427; 6l2.764.4453 Denholme Drive, Ossett, West York¬ 650 ‘O’ St., P.O. Box G, Greeley, CO shire, England WF5 9NB; 44.1924. Michelson Laboratories, Inc., 80632-0305; 800.945.6669 6280 Chalet Dr., Commerce, CA 277631 Weber Scientific, 2732 Kuser Road, 90040; 562.928.0553 Process Tek, 1991 Big Bend Dr., Hamilton, NJ 08691-9430; 609.584. Des Plaines, IL60016;847.296.9312 NASCO International, 901 Janesville 7677 Ave., Fort Atkinson, Wl 53538; 414. Qualicon, A DuPont Subsidiary, West Agro, Inc., 11100 North Con¬ 563.2446 P.O. Box 80357, Wilmington, DE gress Ave., Kansas City, MO 64153; 198800357; 302.695.2262 816.891.1528 The National Food Laboratory, Inc., 6363 Clark Ave., Dublin, CA Raven Biological Labs, 8607 Park Zep Manufacturing Company, 94568; 510.551.4231 Dr., Omaha, NE 68127; 402.593. 1310 Seaboard Industrial Blvd., 0781 Atlanta, GA 30318; 404.352.1680 National Food Processors Asso¬ ciation, 1350 1 St. N.W., Suite 300, REMEL, Inc., 12076 Santa Fe Dr., Zylux Corporation, 1742 Henry Washington, D.C. 20005-3305; Lenexa, KS 66215-3594; 800.255. G. Lane St., Maryville, TN 37801; 202.639.5985 6730 423.379.6016
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 673 My Perspective
It’s not too late (for the 1 AFP from Sustaining Members. In Foundation Fund) and it’s not too addition, the Fund accepts dona¬ early (to start thinking about tions from individuals — since last nominating someone for an lAFP year’s meeting over 100 have Award). In my first column as contributed. (For those US Mem¬ President of I AFP I want to urge bers who itemize your taxes, the Members to consider contributing contribution is tax deductible — so to your Association in one or both your contribution to benefit I AFP of these areas. can also benefit you.) The Founda¬ First, the Foundation Fund. tion Fund also benefits from the 'Fhe lAFP Foundation Fund was Silent Auction at the Annual established in 1986 to help Meeting, which brought in over support some of the key activities $2,700 in 1999 alone. At the 84th By JENNY SCOH of the Association. The Foundation Annual Meeting in Orlando in President supports the Ivan Parkin Lecture, 1997, the Foundation Fund our keynote speech at the Annual (T)mmittee, under the leadership Meeting. It supports the Develop¬ of Harry Haverland, adopted the “It’s not too ing Scientist Oral and Poster slogan “$10(),000 in 2000.’’ The (x)mpetition, which has served as plan was to raise the balance of the late, and a springboard for many of today’s Foundation Fund from around food safety professionals. It pays $70,000 at that time to $100,000 it’s not too for shipment of surplus volumes by the year 2000. Only $10 per of the Journal of Food Protection Member would have gotten us and Dairy, Food and Environ¬ there! In three years we have early” mental Sanitation to developing increased the Fund to over countries through the United $86,000 — a sizable increase, Nations’ Food and Agriculture considering that the Foundation Organization in Rome. The Foun¬ has continued to fund activities dation funds lAFP’s co-sponsor¬ at the same or higher levels of ship of the Crumbine Award, given funding than in past years, but for excellence in food protection far short of our goal. by a local health department. And In June of 1999 the California the Fund has paid travel expenses Association of Dairy & Milk for symposium speakers who Sanitarians (CADMS) pledged otherwise would have been unable $1,()()() to the Foundation Fund to attend our meeting. Need a and challenged other Affiliates video for training or for teaching? and organizations to do the same. Want to preview a video before The challenge was renewed in purchase? The Audiovisual Library, 2000 when CADMS made its with more than 100 offerings, is second $1,000 donation. The available to Members, thanks to Wisconsin Association of Milk the Foundation Fund. and Food Sanitarians has risen Where does revenue for the to the challenge and made a Fund come from? The Foundation contribution to the Fund. In Fund is supported primarily by a addition, a number of Affiliates portion of the Membership dues have provided items for the Silent
674 Dairy, Food and Environmenlol Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Auction: Alberta, California, took the time to send in a nomina¬ why the award is deserved. The Carolinas, Kentucky, Korea, tion. Too many deserving people letters or statements can be Metropolitan, Missouri, Nebraska, do not receive recognition, simply supplemented with a CV, a list of Ohio, Ontario, Tennessee, and because no one took the time. publications, copies of news Texas. I encourage other Affiliates We are all very busy — doing more releases, or other materials as to also make a donation — even if with less is a way of life. Adding appropriate. A nominee’s secre¬ you can’t afford to match CADMS. something else to our plate (such tary, boss or co-workers can be I also encourage more individuals as putting together a nomination) invaluable in providing material. to make a donation. Contributions does not have much appeal right I AFP can provide information on may be cash or items for the Silent now. We’ll wait until we are less the nominee’s recent involvement Auction. ANY contribution, no busy. But we’re never less busy. in the Association and on past matter how big or how small, will Thus my suggestion to start now awards received. One mistake that help build the fund and allow the and take four to five months to is often made is providing insuffi¬ Foundation to carry on its activi¬ complete a nomination. It’s much cient information to demonstrate ties and build for the future. It’s more manageable. And it’s not a that the nominee meets the YOUR Foundation, working to difficult process. When submitting requirements for the award. We benefit your Association. Won’t a nomination, more is not neces¬ assume that the candidate is well- you help? It’s not too late to reach sarily better. There is no need to known, as are his or her qualifica¬ $100,000 in 2000! document everything the nominee tions. Since the judges may come Second, Awards. It’s true, the has done in his or her career. from different disciplines and not Annual Meeting has just ended, Remember, the judges are busy know the nominee well, assume and if you attended the banquet too. They appreciate receiving a you are trying to convince some¬ you saw a lot of deserving people concise, well-written summary or one who does not know the honored for their achievements bulleted list describing how the candidate. Did you see someone at and service. However, every year nominee qualifies for the specific the Annual Meeting who deserves as the deadline approaches the award. Get support for the nomi¬ to be recognized by one of our Board worries about whether there nation from others; this might be awards? I challenge you to start will be nominees for many of the letters of support, or a compilation now and put that nomination awards; in some years the award of statements from friends and together for 2001. It’s not too is not presented because no one colleagues of the nominee about early!
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 675 in ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ‘ ^ '-v . ■'
Commentary
FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
With completing the 87th co-sponsor the Annual Meeting. Annual Meeting in August, this This is where our Members may be a good time to look back and volunteers really shine. and express sincere thanks to the For instance, this year’s Local many people that work together Arrangements Committee was to produce an outstanding edu¬ co-chaired by Judy Harrison, cational event. From the time Pam Metheny and Ed Giera from
that planning starts until the the Georgia Association of Food W' final Awards Banquet, literally and Environmental Sanitarians hundreds of people do their part (CiAFES). Two years ago, Judy, to ensure a top quality experi¬ Pam and Ed met with our staff ence for you. More than four and began organizing GAFES By DAVID W. THARP, CAE years prior to the Meeting, we members to help them plan for Executive Director begin consideration of locations our 2000 Annual Meeting. They to hold the Annual Meeting. met many times over the years Many times, our Affiliate organ¬ preceding the Meeting, each “We are truly izations prompt our interest by time adding more and more making an invitation to host the details to their plans. Chair¬ fortunate to Meeting. persons who took responsibility Once cities are identified, for various aspects of the Annual be recognized our staff begins a more detailed Meeting assisted them. By the as the Meeting investigation to determine pro¬ results of this Annual Meeting, perties that meet the needs of you could see their planning of choice for our Meeting attendees. After really paid off! Thank you to identifying properties meeting each GAFES member who so many food our specifications, an analysis of helped during this year’s Annual cost factors takes place with a Meeting and thank you for all of safety profes¬ resulting report to the Executive your time and effort in planning sionals” Board. The Board reviews the for the event. A special thanks report and gives guidance on to Judy, Pam and Ed who gave property selection. Once we countless hours to make sure this pass this step, negotiations begin was the best run Annual Meeting in earnest with the property to secure the best possible package Another group that begins for the Association and our their planning early is the Meeting attendees. After a Program Committee. A Call for contract is signed, we publicize Symposium is issued about 16 the Meeting dates and location. months in advance of the Annual This completes a preliminary Meeting. Preliminary proposals step in our Meeting-planning are received at the Annual cycle. Meeting one-year before the Now that the location is Meeting at which the symposium firmed up, we begin working will be presented. The Program with the Local Affiliate who will Committee reviews and decides
676 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonilofion - SEPTEMBER 2000 which symposia should be companies and organizations that overlooked. We know what this further developed prior to the see the benefit of participating as Meeting means to our Members Committee’s January meeting. a sponsor of the lAFP Annual and attendees. It is our goal to At the January meeting, the Meeting. Your support helps gain provide you with the atmosphere Committee reviews the com¬ recognition for your company in which you can network, share pleted symposium along with and helps provide quality educa¬ information, meet new life-long technical abstracts and con¬ tional programming for not only resources, and make you feel like structs a preliminary program your employees, but also all you are an integral part of the from all submissions. The attendees. I AFP family. Our staff strives program becomes final once iMore than 300 presentations to accomplish this goal every presenters are confirmed. The took place in Atlanta at the 87th day and goes to extraordinary Program Committee is made up lAFP Annual Meeting. That is lengths to prepare for the crown of 12 Members who dedicate more than ever before! Tremen¬ jewel, the lAFP Annual Meeting. their effort to producing the dous support from industry, As I said, I am so very proud quality program that you have government and educational of their work that is carried out come to expect at the I AFP employers who allow their to benefit you, our Members. Annual Meeting. David Golden employees to travel to our Thank you Lisa, Donna, Julie, served as Chairperson for this Meeting, present their infor¬ Lucia, Bev, Karla, Didi, Beth, year’s Program Committee. The mation and interact with other Pam, Tanya, and Frank! Committee is owed a great debt professionals is heartwarming. Finally, I want to recognize of gratitude from the Annual We are truly fortunate to be all attendees at this year’s Annual Meeting Attendees and Associa¬ recognized as the Meeting of Meeting. Thank you for your tion Members. Thank you David choice for so many food safety attendance in Atlanta. It is just and Committee Members! professionals. Thank you to incredible to think that we This year we saw a 15% everyone who gave presenta¬ increased attendance by more increase in our Exhibit Hall tions this year and thank you to than 10% over our previous participation with many new your employers for allowing you record attendance in 1998! This companies joining our effort of to do so. We are indebted to you. is a true demonstration of the providing the latest information There is one group who 1 am strength of the presentations at on protecting the food supply. especially proud of in the work our Annual Meeting. We know We recognized companies who they carry out on a daily basis. that you are proud of the lAFP have exhibited with our Associa¬ That is the group of employees Annual Meeting and that you tion for 10 years or longer and in the I AFP office. We have 12 communicate with other poten¬ we also want to thank our new employees that have various tial attendees. Share your pride and valued, returning exhibitors. responsibilities throughout the with others; share your Annual Exhibitors offer attendees a great year and on top of these respon¬ Meeting experiences with others reason to come to our Meeting sibilities, they carry out all and encourage their attendance to learn of their products and details for the Annual Meeting. next year in Minneapolis. services. Sponsorship support We begin planning for next Remember that there are hun¬ in 2000 was just overwhelming! year’s Meeting the week after dreds of people working year- We increased sponsorship completion of the current round to prepare for the next dollars by more than 50% over Meeting. There is quite a system Annual Meeting! We hope to 1999. A huge thank you to the in place to ensure no detail is see you there!
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmentol Sanitation 677 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 9, Pages 678-683 Copyright® International Associotion for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322
The Effect of Different Thawing Methods on the Growth of Bacteria in Chicken
S. M. Jimenez,' M. E. Pirovani,' M. S. Salsi,' M. C. Tiburzi,' and O. P. Snyder^
SUMMARY Frozen raw chickens were thawed by three different methods to study population changes of spoilage bacteria and of Salmonella hadar during thawing. It was shown that thawing chicken on the counter at ambient temperature (21°-22°C) within 14 hours or less, to an internal temperature of 4.4°C (3.5 cm within the breast), is a safe procedure, as evidenced by a decline in bacterial population; that thawing chicken in flowing water is a safe, rapid method, and that thawing chicken in a standard refrigeration unit (at a temperature of 3.5° to 7.2°C) is also a safe method. However, this experiment indicates that the longer time period required to thaw chicken at refrigeration temperatures to an internal temperature of 4.4°C (3 5 cm within the breast) permits growth of pseudomonas spoilage bacteria. The population of Salmonella hadar inoculated onto the surface of chicken carcasses prior to freezing was shown to have decreased by the end of all thawing methods, when thawing was halted at 4.4°C. Most regulatory agencies follow FDA recommendations, which do not allow food to be thawed at ambient temperature. The FDA retail food code recommends that food be thawed under refrigeration, or in flowing water, so that the temperature of the food does not exceed 5°/7.2°C (4\°/45°¥). The USDA has no restriction regarding how food is thawed, even when food is thawed at ambient temperature. Because of small sample size, it is difficult to draw major conclusions. However, this study tends to confirm that controlled thawing at ambient temperatures, as permitted by the USDA, does not lead to increased hazards.
This article has been peer reviewed by two professionals.
678 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 INTRODUCTION the thigh. Each chicken carcass was Total viable organisms (aerobic bagged individually in an EVA plate counts) were determined by Raw poultry is contaminated bilayered CTyovac E bag supplied by the pour-plate method in plate count with various spoilage and patho¬ Grace Argentina. File carcasses were agar (PCA; Merck, Buenos Aires, genic bacteria (2). lliese bacteria do then frozen to -20° C within 10 hours Argentina) with incubation at 25°C not multiply in frozen products and in an upright freezing unit that for 2 days. may actually decrease in population. allows food to be stored at -20 to To determine total Enterobacte- However, when frozen raw poultry -2‘>°C. At the start of freezing, the riaceae counts, 1 ml of appropriate products are being thawed, surviv¬ temperature in the breast (Tl) was dilutions was inoculated by the pour- ing bacteria can begin to multiply approximately 6.0°C, and the tem¬ plate method on violet red bile agar when the temperature reaches perature just under the skin in the with added glucose (VRBD; Merck, their growth range. The IJSDA, us¬ thigh (T2) was 17°C. Buenos Aires, Argentina) and over¬ ing the research of Klose et al. (6), Carcasses were thawed on laid with approximately 5 ml of the allows poultry to be thawed at room the counter at ambient temperature temperature. The FDA Food (^ode (22°C), in flowing water (2 TC), or same growth medium. The plates (3) recommends that food be in the refrigerator (3-5° to 7.2°C). were then allowed to solidify before thawed in the refrigerator or in flow¬ Thawing was halted when a tem¬ being incubated at 35°C for 48 ing water, but provides no research perature of 4.4°C was reached in the hours. to show that these methods of thaw ¬ thermocouple located 3-5 cm inside Pseudomonad counts were de¬ ing are required to insure safety. the breast. termined on cetrimide agar Thawing large poultry carcasses in A Dual Log R* Thermocouple (Cetrimide, Merck, Buenos Aires, the refrigerator can be inefficient Thermometer Model N” 600-1050 Argentina) by the spread plate and time-consuming. (Barnantt, Chicago, IL USA) re¬ method. Plates were incubated at The purpose of this research corded freezing and thawing tem¬ 25°C for 48 hours. was to study the population changes perature data. Following incubation, a few of The pH of chicken skin samples of spoilage bacteria in uninoculated each of the colony types appearing was determined according to the frozen chicken carcasses (Experi¬ on each countable plate were se¬ method described by Grau (4). Mea¬ ment I), and oi Salmonella hadar in lected and subjected to confirma¬ surement of pH of the samples was inoculated frozen chicken carcasses tory minimum tests. Gram stain and made with a Titriskop pH-meter (Experiment II), thawed on the oxidase tests were carried out for E516, (Metrohom Herisau, Switzer¬ counter at ambient temperature, in both Enterobacteriaceae and land). The pH of carcass samples flowing water, or under refrigera¬ pseudomonad groups. An attempt ranged from 5.4 to 5.85. tion. was also made to confirm and isolate salmonellae from all samples by use Experiment I. Uninoculated of the ICMSF official method (5). MATERIALS AND METHODS chicken Six chicken carcasses, approxi¬ ITiree 10-g samples of skin from Experiment II. Inoculated mately 3 kg each, were obtained each of 3 chicken carcasses were ex¬ chicken cised aseptically before the chicken from a local commercial poultry pro¬ Three chicken carcasses were carcasses were frozen and after the cessing plant. After evisceration, the inoculated with Salmonella hadar, carcasses were thawed. Each 10-g carcasses were cooled to 4.4°C the predominant serotype isolated sample was a composite of skin from (40°F) and were transported in a from chicken carcasses in the region 6 areas of the carcass (breast, leg, refrigerated truck to the research of Argentina in which this study was thigh, back, neck, and wing). The laboratory. Three chicken carcasses conducted. The Salmonella hadar samples were excised in the same were used to study the growth of manner so as to be most representa¬ strain was maintained in tryptic soy spoilage bacteria in uninoculated, tive of the whole chicken carcass agar (TSA; Difeo) at 5°C (7). Cul¬ frozen chicken during thawing, and and to allow comparison between tures were activated at 37°C for 24 the other 3 were used to study the samples. hours in tryptic soy broth (TSB; growth of Salmonella hadar in in¬ Each sample was placed in 90 Difeo) 689. Cultures were loop trans¬ oculated frozen chicken during ml of 0.1% peptone/water solution ferred at 24-h intervals for 3 succes¬ thawing. in a sterile stomacher bag. The sive transfers (10” CFU/ml) and were Thermocouples were inserted samples were then homogenized diluted in 0.1 M potassium phos¬ into each carcass at 2 specific loca¬ with a Stomacher, Lab-Blender 400 phate buffer (pH 7.0) to give a vi¬ tions, after skin samples were taken, (London, UK) for 3 minutes. From able cell population of approxi¬ and prior to freezing. One thermo¬ this homogenate, 5 decimal dilu¬ mately lO’ CFU/ml. couple (Tl) was located 3-5 cm in¬ tions were prepared using the same By means of a sterile scalpel and side the breast, and the other (T2) peptone/water solution as used for a 100 cm- stainless-steel frame, the was located just under the skin of microbiological determinations. zone or area of the chicken to be
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 679 inoculated was outlined. After each time the frame was used, it was flooded with alcohol and sterilized by flaming. Salmonella hadar inoculum 0.1 ml was successively added and spread over the defined zone or area until 1 ml of the inoculum had been applied. This procedure allowed the inoculation solution to dry on the skin of the chicken within the de¬ fined analysis zone. After inoculation, the chicken carcasses were placed in a laminar ■Sterile air-flow chamber for 30 min¬ utes to allow the microorganisms time for attachment. Time(h) Half of the inoculated chicken skin was removed from the defined zone for cell enumeration before Figure 2. Chicken thawing in flowing potable water (21 °C) freezing. The remaining half of the inoculated skin remained on the carcass for Salmonella hadar enu¬ meration after thawing. Each skin sample was placed in 90 ml of buffered 0.1% peptone wa¬ ter and shaken for 3 min. Decimal dilutions were performed serially. Aliquots of 0.1 ml were then plated onto Hektoen agar and XLD (xylose lysine deoxycholate) agar. In paral¬ lel, 1 ml aliquots were evaluated for Salmonella levels by use of a 3-tube MPN (most probable number) pro¬ cedure. The MPN procedure was performed in both Rappaport Vassiliadis and selenite cystine Time (h) broth, followed by plating onto Hektoen agar and XLD agar (1). Pre¬ sumptive positive colonies were se¬ Figure 3. Chicken thawing in the refrigerator lected, streaked, and stabbed into (3.5 to 7.2°C) lysine iron, triple sugar iron, and urea agar slants for serological con¬ firmation. Statistical differences in bacte¬ rial populations (after log transfor¬ mation) were evaluated by a f-test analysis. Calculations were done using Microsoft Excel 97 Analysis ToolPak.
RESULTS
Experiment I. Uninoculated chicken — thawing Results of thawing chicken on the counter at an ambient tempera¬ Time (h) ture of 22°C are shown in Figure 1. The time required for temperature
680 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 TABLE 1. Change in bacterial population as affected by thawing method
[Log CFU/g (after thawing' -before freezing‘]
Thawing Method APC Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonads
On counter -0.254 -0.21 -0.403
Flowing, potable water -0.207 0.003 -0.303
In the refrigerator -0.146 -0.10 0.470
‘Average of three samples.
Figure 4. Change in bacterial population in chicken as affected by thawing method in the uninoculated chicken breast [Log CFU/g (after thawing‘-before freezing)] to reach 4.4°C was 9 hours. ‘average of three samples Results of thawing chicken in flowing, potahle water (21°C) are shown in Figure 2. The time re¬ quired for the temperature in the uninoculated chicken breast to reach 4.4°C was 2.75 hours. The fi¬ nal temperature just under the skin of the thigh was about 20°C. Results of thawing in a refrigera¬ tor at temperatures ranging from 3 5 to 7.2°C are shown in Figure 3- The time required for the temperature in the uninoculated chicken breast to reach 4.4°C was 55 hours. Table 1 and Figure 4 show the changes in the bacterial population APC (Total Bacteria) Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonads of unintK'ulated chickens. ITie popu¬ Bacterial Analysis lation decrease that occurred during
■ On the Counter □ Flowing water □ Refrigerator thawing on the counter at ambient temperature was shown to be sta¬ tistically significant for Enterobac¬ teriaceae (P = 0.025) and pseudo¬ monads (P = 0.043). Figure 5. Chicken inoculated with Salmonella /loc/or thawing on counter [at ambient When chicken was thawed in temperature (22°C)] flowing potable water, there was no statistically significant change in aerobic plate count or Enterobacte¬ riaceae numbers. However, the slight decrease in pseudomonad population was found to be statisti¬ cally significant (P < 0.025). The greatest population change was noted in the increase of pseudomonads that occurred when the chicken was thawed in the re¬ frigerator. The pseudomonads grew by almost a half log when the chicken was thawed under refrigera¬ tion, while in the other two thaw¬ ing methods, the cell population of pseudononads decreased or changed
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 681 fable 2 and Figure 8 show the It is apparent from the results Salmonella spp. do not multi¬ detected No salmonellae were When the chickens inoculated chicken Results of thawing the When chickens inoculated with ply at temperatures below 5°C, as ment I, pseudomonads (which mul¬ tiply slowly at 0-2°C) increased slightly in number. DISCUSSION reduction of bacterial cells due to period of time required to thaw the chicken in the refrigerator in Experi¬ ing and thawing. In all inoculated that, during freezing, there is a slight cell injury. During the extended the chicken carcass skin after freez¬ samples, there was a significant re¬ duction in salmonellae {P< 0.01). 3.5 cm inside the breast to reach to reach 4.4°C was 33 hours Fig. 7. changes (population decrease) in ure S. The time required for the tem¬ perature 3.5 cm inside the breast to flowing, potable water (21°(>), the 4.4°C was 5 hours (Fig. 6). with Salmonella hadar were thawed in the refrigerator (3.5 to 7.2°C), the time required for the temperature 3.5 cm inside the breast Salmonella hadar that occurred in that occurred when pseudomonads method of thawing. Experiment II. Inoculated perature of 22°C' are shown in Fig¬ reach 4.4°C was 13.'^5 hours. time required for the temperature of This increase only slightly. re¬ was thawed in the the chicken shown to be signifi¬ frigerator was the The changes in cant (P< 0.024). count and Entero- aerobic plate in during thawing bacteriaceae statistically the refrigerator were not significant. chicken in any of the uninoculated or after any samples before freezing chicken hadar inoculated with Salmonella Salmonella hadar were thawed in ambient tem¬ on the counter at an -0.979 -0.915 -0.061 Time (h) inoculated chickens (Experiment II). hadar Salmonella freezing)] (after thawing -before [Log CFU/g thawing method affected by the results of thawing 0 10 20 30 40 50 sliown by Flowing, potable water In the refrigerator On counter Thawing Methad as hadar population Change in Salmonella TABLE 2. thawing in flowing, potable water (21°C) Figure 6. Chicken inoculated with Salmonella hoc/or thawing in the refrigerator (3.5 to 7.2°C) Figure 7. Chicken inoculated with Salmonella /loc/or (Oo) ejnjBjediuei. 682 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Figure 8. Change in population of Salmonella /loc/or inoculated on chickens as affected tality Institute of Technology and by thawing method Management, St. Paul, MN, USA.
1.5 ,- REFERENCES
1. Andrews, W. H., V. R. Bruce, G. June, F. Satchell, and P. Sherrod. 1992. Salmonella. Ch. 5, p. 51-69. In Bacteriological analytical manual, ■'th ed. Association of Official Ana¬ lytical Chemists. Arlington, VA. 2. CAST (Council for Agricultural Sci¬ ence and Technology). 1994. Foodhome pathogens: Risks and consequences. Task Force Report No. 122. CAST, 4420 West Lincoln Way, Ames, lA. 0 -* 1.5 3 FDA Fotxl Code. 1999. U S. Public- On the counter In flowing water In the refrigerator Health Service, U.S. Dept, of Health Thawing Method and Human Services. Pub. No. PB99- 115925. Washington, D C. 4. Grau, F. H. 1980. Inhibition of the Temperature and time were not suf¬ temperature. The FDA retail food anaerobic growth of Broxhothrtx ficient to allow the growth oiSalmo¬ code recommends that food be themosphacta by lactic acid. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:433-436. nella during any of these thaw¬ thawed under refrigeration, or in 5. International commission of micro¬ ing procedures. flowing water, so that the tempera¬ biological specifications for fotxls. ture of the food does not exceed 1978. Microorganisms in ftxids 1. 5°/7.2°C (41745°F). The USDA has Their significance and methods of CONCLUSION no restriction regarding how food enumeration, 2nd edition, p. 1(>0- 172. University of Toronto Press. These experiments show that is thawed, even when food is thawed Toronto. thawing chicken on the counter at at ambient temperature. This is 6. Klose, A. A., H. Lineweaver, and H. room temperature (21-22°C) for 14 based on research of Klose et al. H. Palmer. 19(i8. Thawing turkeys at hours or less to an internal tempera¬ Because of small sample size, it ambient air temperature. FoodTech. ture of 4.4°C (3.5 cm within the is difficult to draw major conclu¬ 22:1310-1314. breast) is a safe procedure. Thawing sions. However, this study provides 7. Tessi, M. A., M. Bu.stos, R. Rafaghelli. and M. A. ,MoguiIevsky. 1992. Super- chicken in flowing water is a safe, evidence that controlled thawing at vivencia y antibiotico resistencia de rapid method. However, thawing ambient temperatures, as permitted Salmonella aisladas de canales de poultry in a standard refrigeration by USDA, does not lead to increased polios descontaminadas por unit at a temperature of 3 5 to 7.2°C hazards. inmersion en acidos organicos y requires a longer, variable thawing conservadas al vacio. La Industria period, at temperatures that allow Camica Latinoamericana 90:19-25. ABOUT THE AUTHORS the growth of pseudomonas spoilage 8. Zhuang, R. Y., L. R. Beuchat, and F. J. Angulo. 1995. Fate of Salmo¬ bacteria. 'Instito de Tecnologia de nella montevideo on and in raw Most regulatory agencies follow Alimentos, Facultad de Ingenieria tomatoes as affected by tempierature FDA recommendations and do not Quimica, Universidad Nacional del and treatment with chlorine. Appl. allow food to be thawed at ambient Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; -Hospi¬ Environ. iMicrobiol. 61:2127-2131
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 683 Dairy, Food and Environmental SanitatUm. Vol. 20, So. 9, Fa^es 084-080 Copyright© International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Auroro Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322
Small Round Coliphages as Surrogates for Human Viruses in Process Assessment
Tadesse W. Mariam^ and Dean O. Cliver’
Processes applied to food and SUMMARY water are typically evaluated for their antibacterial effectiveness; vi¬ Inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) was compared ruses are seldom included because with inactivation of the small round RNA (MS2) and DNA of the high costs and hazards of ((j)X174) coliphages and, in some instances, poliovirus 1. working with them. The human vi¬ The processes tested (heating in tap water and milk, air ruses transmitted via food and wa¬ ter are spread by a fecal-oral route — drying on a surface, and CIO^ disinfection of water and the hardiest of these appears to be strawberries) are applicable to food and water. The the hepatitis A virus. Studies with poliovirus, where tested, was always more labile than the cylopathic variant of hepatitis A HAV. Inactivation of MS2 showed some similarity to that virus seem to show that earlier of HAV during heating in water and milk, especially at model experiments with vaccine poliovirus have produced mislead¬ 72°C. HAV was considerably more resistant than either ing results, in that the hepatitis coliphage to drying and to CIC)^ disinfection. Even though virus withstands heat and drying to the coliphages were usually less resistant, they might be a greater extent than the polio¬ useful surrogates for HAV in pilot-scale studies if reliable viruses. Quantitative experiments conversion factors could be established. with these agents involve plaque assay in primate cell cultures, which has a read-out time of 3 to 5 days for poliovirus and at least 14 to 16 days for hepatitis A virus. The difficulties INTRODUCTION of biophysical and biochemical char¬ associated with the slow growth acteristics (4, 7). HAV is an enteric rate, the minimal cytopathic effects Viruses are important causes of virus that causes the most serious of most strains of HAV on infected foodborne and waterborne disease foodborne infections of viral etiol- tissue culture cells, and the plaque in the United States, and probably ogy (J). H AV was the fourth-ranked assay’s 14- to 16-day incubation pe¬ throughout the world. Hepatitis A cause of foodborne illnesses in the riod have discouraged testing. There virus (HAV) is a picornavirus, com¬ United States during 1988 to 1992 is a need for a surrogate agent that prising a single (+) strand of RNA (2). Hepatitis A is a widespread in¬ can be used to determine the antivi¬ with a protein coat of 60 copies of fectious disease that is endemic in ral effects of food and water pro¬ each of four polypeptides and a di¬ developing countries and also may cesses cheaply and in less time than ameter of-28 nm. The genus name account for up to 25% of all cases of is required for the plaque assay with was assigned in 1982, on the basis hepatitis in the developed world. human viruses.
imemational Association for 684 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Food Protection Small round coliphages arc vi¬ -20°C. High titer stocks of MS2 and an adsorption period of 2 h while the ruses that infect specific strains of (t)X174 were prepared by the soft flasks were rocked at 37°C, 10 ml of Escherichia coli\ they are roughly agar method described (/). In our overlay medium containing 0.75% spherical and slightly smaller than study, try ptic soy agar (TSA) (Difco, agarose Type II (Sigma (Chemical, St. H AV and poliovirus. Hie
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, food and Enviranmenfal Sanitation 685 TABLE 1. Thermal inactivation of viruses (HAV & POl) and coliphages (MS2 & (|)X1 74) in tap water |
Virus' ControP 63°C 72°C
30 min 60 min 15 s 30 s
HAV 6.9 X 10” 15 10 2.3 X 10^ 3.5 X 10'
POl 5.7 X 10^ <1 <1 10 <1
MS2 7.2 X 10^ <1 <1 3.5 X 10' 2.5 X 10'
<))X174 5.2 X 10^ <1 <1 8.3 X 10' 10
'HAV = hepatitis A virus; POl = poliovirus 1; MS2 = FRNA coliphoge; (jtXl 74 = ssDNA coliphoge
^ater was not heat-treated
■Titers in PFU ml'
TABLE 2. Thermal inactivation of viruses (HAV & POl) and coliphages (MS2 & ({)X1 74) in homogenized, pasteurized whole milk
Virus' ControP 63°C 72°C
30 min 60 min 15s 30 s
HAV 3.9x10” 10 10 1.3 X 10' 3.1 X 10'
POl 6.3 X 10^ <1 <1 <1 <1
MS2 5.0 X 10^ <1 <1 2.9 X 10' 2.0 X 10'
(|)X174 3.2 X 10^ <1 <1 10 10
'HAV = hepatitis A virus; POl = poliovirus 1; MS2 = FRNA coliphoge; (jtXl 74 = ssDNA coliphoge
^Milk was not heat-treated
liters in PFU ml'
sity of California, Davis dairy facility ml' each. Two ml of virus suspen¬ Chlorine dioxide (CIO,) and inoculated both as obtained and sion was dispensed into cell culture inactivation after the cream had been removed petri dishes and placed in a laminar Known titers of virus suspen¬ by centrifugation in the laboratory. flow hood to dry. The dried virus sions (10'^ PFU ml ‘ and 10^ PFU ml') suspension was resuspended in 2 ml in tap water, raw whole milk, and Drying inactivation of 0.01 M ammonium acetate and crushed strawberry suspension were exposed to CIO^ solution at concen¬ A cocktail of HAV and coliph- put on ice until the infectivity test trations of 2, 4, and 6 ppm for 10 ages (MS2 and (t)X174) was prepared was done. Sampling and infectivity min. After the 10 min exposure time, in 0.01 M ammonium acetate testing were done at 2-day intervals. the CIO, was neutralized with a 10% (CH,C00NH^ F.W. 77.08, Fisher) to Plaque assays were done as described solution of sodium thiosulfate the final concentration of-10^ PFU previously. (Na,S,0j 5H,0; Sigma St, Louis, MO).
686 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - SEPTEMBER 2000 Virus 0 min 30 min 60 min
with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat with fat w/ o fat
HAV 5.2 X 10^ ' 5.2 X 10" 3.1 X 10^ 1.7 X 10" 7.4 X 10^ 2.9 X 10'
MS2 5.1 X 10" 5.3 X 10" 8.3 X 10^ 3.4 X 10^ 3.0x 10' 1.0 X 10'
0X174 3.2 X 10" 4.0 X 10" 7.5 X 10^ 2.0 X 10^ <3.3 <3.3
'Titers in PFU ml'
TABLE 4. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and coliphages MS2 and (t)X174 in raw milk at 72°C
Virus Os 15 s 1 min 2 min 3 min 4 min
with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat with fat w/o fat
HAV 5.2x10“' 5.2x10“ 3.8x10“ 4.1x10“ 6.2x10' 2.9x10' 1.1x10' 2.1x10' 1.5x10' 1.3x10' 1.2x10' 1.7x10'
MS2 5.1x10“ 5.3x10“ 3.5x10“ 1.2x10“ 1.8x10' 1.9x10' 9.4x10' 4.5x10' 5.0x10' 2.6x10' 4.0x10' 3.0x10'
0X174 3.2x10“ 4.0x10“ 6.1x10' 3.8x10' 5.0x10' 2.4x10' 1.0x10' 6.0x10' 7.0x10' <3.3 1.0x10' <3.3
Titers in PFU ml'
TABLE 5. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and coliphages MS2 and 0X174 by drying
Virus Day
0 2 4 8 16 32
HAV 2.5 X 10" ' 1.8 X 10' 1.6 X 10' 3.0x10' 2.5x10’ 3.0 X 10'
MS2 3.5 X 10" 5.2 X 10' 1.9 X 10' <1
0X174 6.1 X 10" 5 <1 <1
'Titers in PFU ml'
Plaque assays were done as previ¬ less stable than HAV in water at both 72°C, HAV=MS2>0X174 (Table 4); ously described. temperatures. Results when the vi¬ POl was not included in these ex¬ ruses were heated in pasteurized periments. The presence of fat milk were fairly similar to those ob¬ seemed to have little influence on RESULTS tained with water suspensions the stabilities of HAV and MS2, but Heat treatment of the viruses in (Table 2). When raw milk, with may have increased the heat resis¬ tap water showed a fairly strong and without fat, was substituted tance of 0X174 slightly. similarity between the inactivations as the suspending medium, the Drying inactivation curves were of MS2 and HAV at 72°C, but not at order of stability at 63°C was steep for all three viruses during the 63°C (Table 1). POl and 0X174 were HAV> MS2>0X174 (Table 3) and at first 2 days. Between the second and
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sonilofion 687 TABLE 6. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus, poliovirus 1, and bacteriophages MS2 and 0X174 in tap water by chlorine dioxide (Cl 0,) in 10 min
Virus' ClOj ppm
0 2 4 6
HAV 4.6 X 10^^ 3.6 X 10' 1.8 X 10" 1.2 X 10"
POl 6.5 X 10= 9.1 X 10' <1 <1
MS2 5.5 X 10' 2.6 X 10^ <1 <1
0X174 4.9 X 10' 7.1 X 10^ <1 <1
'HAV = hepatitis A virus; POl = poliovirus 1; MS2 = FRNA coliphoge; 0X174 = ssDNA coliphoge
liters in PFU ml'
TABLE 7. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and coliphages MS2 and 0X1 74 in raw , whole milk by chlorine dioxide (CIO^) in 10 min
Virus ClOjPpm
0 2 4 6
HAV 4.6 X 10" 2.6 X 10' 1.8 X 10" 1.2 X 10"
MS2 7.5 X 10' 1.8 X 10" <1 <1
0X174 3.9 X 10' 8.1 X 10" <1 <1
'Titers in PFU ml'
fourth days of drying, there was no vated by perhaps 3 to 4 log cycles; at tion at 60°C for 10 min, a reduction significant reduction of HAV, while 4 and 6 ppm, HAV was inactivated of more than 10‘’-fold in titer, while both coliphages were significantly by 3 log cycles, and the others were HAV was reduced in titer by a fac¬ inactivated. By the 8th day, HAV was no longer detectable. tor of only 10^ \ still detectable, but the coliphages The results of the drying trials were not (Table 5). HAV was not are relevant to drying of contami¬ completely inactivated by the 32nd DISCUSSION nants on foods and on food-contact day of dry incubation and indeed In most countries, the two most surfaces, as well as to the persis¬ showed little decline in titer after common time-temperature combi¬ tence of HAV in foods that have a day 8. nations for milk pasteurization are low enough water activity (a^,) to be HAV showed greater resistance 30 min at 63°C and 15 s at 72°C. stable at room temperature. Ammo¬ to chlorine dioxide than any of the HAV suspended in water or in milk, nium acetate was the salt used in other viruses, whether in tap water with fat or without fat, was not com¬ these suspensions because it is vola¬ (Table 6), milk (Table 7), or crushed pletely inactivated under either of tile; this avoided possible confound¬ strawberries (Table 8). Inactivation these conditions, whereas POl was. ing effects of hyperosmolarity dur¬ of HAV was slight at 2 ppm, whereas According to Siegl et al. (8), poliovi¬ ing drying, in that the salt volatilizes each of the other viruses was inacti¬ rus was not recovered after incuba¬ completely, as ammonia and acetic
688 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 TABLE 8. Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and coliphages MS2 and (!)X1 74 in crushed stra>vberry suspension by chlorine dioxide (CIO,) in 10 min
Virus C10, ppm
0 2 4 6
HAV 4.6 X 10^ ' 2.6 X 10" 1.8 X 10^ 1.2 X 10^
MS2 7.5 X 10" 1.8x 10^ <1 <1
())X174 3.9 X 10" 8.1 X 10^ <1 <1
'Titers in PFU ml'
acid, as the water evaporates. Even Further studies on thermal and 2. Bean, N. H.,J. S. Goulding, C. Lao, with this precaution, HAV showed chemical inactivation, to model other and F. J. Angulo. 1996. Surveillance significant loss during the initial 2 unit processes applied to food and for foodbome disease outbreaks United States, 1988-1992. CDC Sur days of drying. However, the HAV water, seem appropriate. showed considerable stability in the veillance Summaries, Morbid. Mor¬ tal. Weekly Rep. 45(SS-5): 1-66. dry state at room temperature, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3. Clivcr, D. O. 1985. Vehicular trans¬ whereas the coliphages soon mission of hepatitis A. Puh. Health reached undetectable levels. This study was supported by Rev. 13:235-292. HAV was, clearly, less sensitive donations from the food industry. 4. Coulepis A. G., S. A. Locarinini, E. G. than the coliphages to CIO, disinfec¬ We thank Marta Gezahegn, Mulugeta Westaway, G. A. Tannock, and I. D. tion in each of the suspending me¬ Tamene, and Mulu Megistab for their Gust. 1982. Biophysical and bio¬ dia. It might be possible to establish laboratory assistance. chemical characterization of hepati¬ a predictable relationship between tis A virus. Intervirology 18:107-127. these relative sensitivities, whereby 5. Flehmig, B. 1981. Hepatitis A vims in cell culture: II. Growth character¬ the desired endpoint for HAV inac¬ ABOUT THE AUTHORS istics of hepatitis A vims in FRhK-4 tivation could be accurately pre¬ 'Department of Population cells. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. dicted on the basis of some greater Health and Reproduction and World 170:73-81. degree of inactivation of one of the Health Organization Collaborating 6. Lopez-Sabater, E. I., M. Y. Deng, and coliphages. Center for Food Virology, School of D. O. Cliver. 1997. Magnetic immuno- Although neither of the tested Veterinary Medicine, University of .separation PCR a.s.say (MIPA) for de¬ coliphages closely resembled HAV tection of hepatitis A vims (HAV) in California, Davis, CA 95616-8743, in inactivation properties under all American oyster (Crassostrea USA; Phone: 530.754.9120; Fax: of the conditions tested, MS2 showed virgmicd). Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 530.752.5845; E-mail: docliver® some similarity to HAV during milk 24:101-104. ucdavis.edu. 7. Palmenberg, A. 1986. Comparative pasteurization. It may be reasonable organization and genome stmcture to try to derive conversion factors REFERENCES in picomavimses (Abstract Q3). for coliphage vs. HAV disinfection 1. Adams, B. H. 1959. Methods of study J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 10:166. by oxidizing agents such as CIO,, of bacterial viruses, p. 443-522. In 8. Siegl,G.,iM.Weitz,andG. Kronauer. but HAV is far more stable in the dry M. H. Adams (ed.). Bacteriophages. 1984. Stability of hepatitis A vims. state than the proposed surrogates. Interscience Publishers, New York. Intervirology 22:218-226.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 689 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 9, Page 690 Copyright® Intemotional Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322
The National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation Urges Full Industry Participation During National Food Safety Education Month'“2000 in September This year*s theme is “Be Smart Keep Foods Apart Don*t Cross-Contaminate.”
The National Restaurant Association Educa¬ Maestros,” has received numerous national awards and tional Foundation’s International Food Safety is the author of seven cookbooks. Council urges restaurant and foodservice pro¬ “‘Be Smart. Keep Foods Apart... Don’t Cross-Con¬ fessionals to plan now to participate in the taminate,’ was derived from one of the four most im¬ sixth annual National Food Safety Education Month^'’ portant food safety steps that restaurant and in September. Created by the Foundation’s Council foodservice professionals perform each day—cleaning, and recognized by President Clinton’s National Food separating, cooking and chilling,” said A. Reed Hayes, Safety Initiative, this month-long ob¬ president and chief operating officer servance focuses on the importance Be Smart of the National Restaurant Association of food safety education for the res¬ Educational Foundation. “Avoiding taurant and foodservice industry and cross contamination is one of the most raises awareness of the industry’s efficient means of controlling the growth of microorganisms, which commitment to food safety. cause foodborne illness.” “Food safety education is essen¬ Industry participation and in¬ tial to combat foodborne illness,” said creased awareness is essential to the John Farquharson, FMP, president of success of the initiative. That is why the Foundation’s International Food the Foundation’s Council is offering an Safety Council. “By taking part in Industry Training & Promotion National Food Safety Education Guide for industry professionals to use Month, restaurant and foodservice to aid them in their participation. It is professionals can spread the word an easy how-to guide that provides about their commitment to serving safe food to their ideas on how to get involved in National Food Safety customers, as well as disseminate best practices Education Month 2000 activities. throughout the industry.” Restaurant operators, state restaurant associa¬ “I think this year’s theme, ‘Be Smart. Keep Foods tions, extension services, and other industry groups Apart. Don’t Cross-Contaminate,’ is compelling and get involved in this will provide the industry with a creative way to keep food safety effort every food safety top of mind,” said Marcel Desaulniers, this year. To find out more year’s chairman of National Food Safety Education about how to partici¬ Month. “Keeping foods apart is one of the most effec¬ pate or to obtain an In¬ tive ways to prevent foodborne illness. That’s why dustry Training & Promotion Guide, I’m so pleased that this year’s theme highlights the restaurant and food- dangers of cross-contamination.” service professionals Mr. Desaulniers is the executive chef and owner can log on to the Coun¬ of The Trellis Restaurant in Williamsburg, Va. He is cil’s Web site at www. also the co-host of the new PBS series “The Grilling foodsafetycouncil.org.
690 Doiry, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - SEPTEMBER 2000 f
Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol 20, No.9, Page 691 Copyright® International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322
Book reviewed by: William LaGrange, Ph.D., Extension Food Scientist, Iowa State University, Ames, I A 50011
INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY HANDBOOK- Science, International Regulations, and Control
Edited by: Kees van der Heijden, Maged Younes, Lawrence Fishbein, and Sanford Miller
nternational Food Safety Hand¬ bial food problems, including water and book is the 95th publication by other liquid drinks. Chemical contaminates from pesticides, medicines, natural toxins, the editorial board of Food Science and packaging materials are also presented. and Technology. This 811-page book Environmental concerns, analytical meth¬ includes 46 separate sections on the many ods, emerging problems such as food aspects of food safety written by experts sensitivities, and new processing methods from throughout the world. While food are sections included within this book. safety continues to be a major issue for Food regulations and consumer concerns food producers, processors, servers, about food safety including an international regulatory and public health agencies, perspective also are reviewed. and consumers, a great deal of progress This book is an excellent reference on has been made in most all aspects of this food safety issues. It also would serve as a public health concern. But many questions text for a course on food safety issues at and problems still need to be investigated both the undergraduate and graduate level and solved. This book reviews the pro¬ in food science and technology related gress and current knowledge about micro¬ curricula.
For copies of International Food Safety Handbook - Science, International Regulations, and Control, Mail requests to: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016-0602; Phone: 212.696.9000; Fox: 212.685.4540.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 691 International Association for Food Protection
Award N ominations
The International Association for Food Protection welcomes your nominations for our Association Awards. Nominate your colleagues for one of the Awards listed below. You do not have to be an lAFP Member to nominate a deserving professional. To request nomination criteria, contact: lAFP 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863 Phone: 800.369.6337; 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Web site: www.foodprotection.org E-mail: [email protected]
Nominations deadline is February 19, 2001. You may make multiple nominations. All nominations must be received at the lAFP office by February 19, 2001. ♦ Persons nominated for individual awards must be current lAFP Members. Black Pearl Award nominees must be a company employing current lAFP Members. NFPA Food Safety Award nominees do not have to be lAFP Members. ♦ Previous award winners are not eligible for the same award. ♦ Executive Board Members and Awards Committee Members are not eligible for nomination. ♦ Presentation of awards will be during the Awards Banquet at the lAFP Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota on August 8, 2001.
692 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Nominations will be accepted for the following Awards:
Black Pearl Award — Award Showcasing Educator Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 the Black Pearl Honorarium Presented to an individual for outstand¬ Presented in recognition of a company’s ing service to the public, lAFP and the outstanding achievement in corporate arena of education in food safety and excellence in food safety and quality. food protection. Sponsored by Wilbur Feagan and F&H Sponsored by Nelson-Jameson, Inc. Food Equipment Company. Sanitarian Award - Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorary Life Membership Award — Honorarium Plaque and Lifetime Membership in lAFP Presented to an individual for outstand¬ ing service to the public, lAFP and the Presented to Member(s) for their profession of the Sanitarian. devotion to the high ideals and objectives Sponsored by Ecolab, Inc., Food of lAFP and for their service to the and Beverage Division. Association. Maurice Weber Laboratorian Award — Harry Haverland Citation Award - Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Plaque and $1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual for outstand¬ ing contributions in the laboratory, recog¬ Presented to an individual for years nizing a commitment to the development of devotion to the ideals and objectives of innovative and practical analytical oflAFP. approches in support of food safety. Sponsored by DiverseyLever/U.S. Food Sponsored by Weber Scientific Group. NFPA Food Safety Award - Plaque and $3,000 Honorarium Harold Barnum Industry Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual, group, or organization in recognition of a long Presented to an individual for outstanding history of outstanding contribution service to the public, lAFP and the food to food safety research and education. industry. Sponsored by National Food Processors Sponsored by MASCO International, Inc. Association.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Doiiy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 693 International Association for Food Protection
Call Jar Nominations 2001 Secretary
A representative from education will be elected in the spring of 2001 to serve as lAFP Secretary for the year 2001-2002.
Send letters of nomination along with a biographical sketch to the Nominations Chairperson: P. C. Vasavada University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture Animal and Food Science Department 410 S. 3rd Street River Falls, WI 54022-5001 Phone: 715.425.3150 Fax: 715.425.3785 E-mail: [email protected]
The Secretary-Elect is determined by a majority of votes cast through a mail vote taiken in the spring of 2001. Official Secretary duties begin at the conclusion of the 2001 Annual Meeting. The elected Secretary serves as a Member of the Executive Board for a total of five years succeeding to President, then serving as Past President. For information regarding requirements of the position, contact David Tharp, Executive Director at 800.369.6337 or 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected].
694 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Call for Abstracts
lAFP 88th Annual Meeting — August 5-8, 2001 Minneapolis, Minnesota
Instructions for Preparing Abstracts Procedure ♦ Abstracts should be typed in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. Abstracts must be double-spaced using a 12-point font size, and a maximum of 250 words.
♦ The first letter in each word in the title and proper nouns should be capitalized.
♦ List the names of authors and institution(s). Capitalize first letters and initials.
♦ Give the full name, title, mailing address. E-mail address, and the office telephone number of the author who will present the paper.
♦ Check the box to indicate if the paper is to be presented by a student entered in the Developing Scientist Awards Competition and have the form signed by your major professor or department head. (For more information on the Developing Scientist Awards Competitions, see the following pages.)
♦ Submit your abstract to the LAPP office. Abstracts must be received no later than January 8, 2001. Return the completed abstract form through one of the following methods: 1. Mail one printed copy and an electronic version on a 3 V2 inch disk (saved as a word document) of the abstract to: lAFP Call for Abstracts 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, LA 50322-2863 2. E-mail to [email protected] 3. Internet submission will be available in November 2000.
Acknowledgment of receipt of abstract will be sent via mail or E-mail. Authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by March 1, 2001.
’NOTE; Your abstract must be received by the lAFP office no later than January 8, 2001. Photocopies of the abstract form may be used.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 695 Abstract General Information
Content oi 4. Research should not have been previously The abstract should briefly desciiv»« the presented nor intended for presentation at purpose of the research and objectives; another scleniilic meeting; paper should methodology; essential results; and conclusions not appear in print prior to the lAFP Annual or implications. Meeting. 5. Results should be summarized. Do not use Presentation Format tables or graphs. Papers may be presented by oral or poster format at the discretion of the lAFP Program Com¬ Typical Reasons for Rejection of Abstracts mittee. Oral presentations will be scheduled with a maximum of 15 minutes, including a two to four 1. Abstract was not prepared according to “Inst¬ minute discussion. LCD and 35-mm projectors will ructions for Preparing Abstracts.” (page 695) be available. Overhead projectors are not to be 2. Abstract does not contain essential elements used. Other equipment may be used at speaker’s described in “Criteria for Acceptance of expense. Prior authorization must be obtained. Abstracts.” Subject Matter for Papers 3. Abstract reports inappropriate or unaccept¬ Papers should report the results of applied re¬ able subject matter, is not based on ac¬ search on: food, dairy and environmental sanitation; cepted scientific practices, or the quality of foodbome pathogens; food and dairy microbiology; the research or scientific approach is inad¬ food and dairy engineering; food and dairy chemis¬ equate. try; food additives and residues; food and dairy 4. Work reported appears to be incomplete. technology; food service and food administration; quality assurance and control; mastitis; environ¬ 5. The abstract was poorly written or prepared mental health; waste management and water qual¬ including spelling and grammatical errors. ity. Papers may also report subject matter of an edu¬ 6. Results have been presented/published cational and/or nontechnical nature. previously.
Criteria for Acceptance of Abstracts 7. The abstract was received after the deadline for submission. 1. Abstract must accurately and briefly describe: 8. Abstract contains information that is (a) the problem studied and objectives in violation of the lAFP Policy on Commer¬ (b) methodology cialism. (c) essential results
(d) conclusions or implications Additional Abstract Forms 2. Abstract must report the results of Photocopies of the abstract form may be used. original research pertinent to the subject matter described in “Subject Matter for Membership in lAFP Papers” section. 3. Research must be based on accepted scien¬ Membership in lAFP is not a requirement for tific practices. presenting a paper at the lAFP Annual Meeting.
696 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 lAFP Abstract Form
DEADLINE: Must be Received by January 8, 2001
Title of Paper
Authors
Full Name and Title of Presenter.
Institution and Address of Presenter
Phone Number:_ Fax Number:_ E-mail: _
NOTE: Selected presentations may be recorded (audio or visual). The final decision on presentation format will be made by the Program Committee. Format preferred: □ Oral □ Poster □ No Preference
Developing Scientist Awards Competitions Yes Major Professor/Department Head approval (signature and date)_
TYPE abstract, DOUBLE-SPACED, in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper using a 12-point font size. No more than 250 words.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 697 Call for Entrants in the Developing Scientist Awards Competitions Supported by the lAFP Foundation
1AFP is pleased to announce the continuation of graduate programs at accredited universities or its program to encourage and recognize the work colleges where research deals with environmental, of students and recent graduates in the field of food or dairy sanitation, protection or safety. Competi¬ food safety research. Qualified individuals may enter tion entrants cannot have graduated more than one either the Developing Scientist Oral Competition or year prior to the deadline for submitting abstracts. the Developing Scientist Poster Competition. Prior to the Annual Meeting, up to ten finalists will be Purpose: selected for competition and awards will be presented 1. To encourage students and recent graduates at the LAPP Annual Meeting Awards Banquet to the top to present their original research at the lAFP three presenters (first, second and third places). Annual Meeting. Specific requirements for presentations will be pro¬ vided at a later date. The presenter must be present for 2. To foster professionalism in students and recent graduates through contact with peers the specified time (approximately two hours) during and professional Members of LAPP. the assigned session. 3. To encourage participation by students and Awards: Pirst Place, $500 and an engraved plaque; recent graduates in LAPP and its Annual Second Place, $300 and a framed certificate; Third Meeting. Place, $100 and a framed certificate. Award winners will also receive a complimentary, one-year LAPP DEVELOPING SCIENTIST ORAL AWARDS membership including both Dairy, Food and Environ¬ COMPETITION: mental Sanitation and Journal of Food Protection. The Developing Scientist Oral Awards Competition is INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEVELOPING SCIENTIST open only to graduate students enrolled in M.S. or Ph.D. programs or recent M.S. or Ph.D. graduates AWARDS ORAL AND POSTER COMPETITION in programs at accredited universities or colleges ENTRANTS: where research deals with environmental, food or 1. Abstracts must be received by the LAPP office dairy sanitation, protection or safety. Competition no later than January 8, 2001. entrants cannot have graduated more than one year 2. In addition to adhering to the general proce¬ prior to the deadline for submitting abstracts. dures for abstract preparation and submission Prior to the Annual Meeting, up to ten finalists will be required of all individuals submitting abstracts, selected for competition. Awards will be presented at competition entrants must submit one copy of the LAPP Annual Meeting Awards Banquet to the top their abstract. Competition entrants must also three presenters (first, second and third places). Pre¬ mark the appropriate box on the abstract form sentations are limited to fifteen minutes which in¬ to indicate their intention to participate in the cludes two to four minutes for discussion. Developing Scientist Awards Competition and Awards: Pirst Place, $500 and an engraved plaque; to designate whether it is “oral” or “poster.” Second Place, $300 and a framed certificate; Third 3. Both the competition entrant and his or her Place, $100 and a framed certificate. Award winners will also receive a complimentary, one-year LAPP presentation must be recommended and membership including both Dairy, Food and Environ¬ approved for the Competition by his or her mental Sanitation and Journal of Food Protection. major professor or department head, who must sign the abstract form. DEVELOPING SCIENTIST POSTER AWARDS 4. The work must represent original research COMPETITION: done by the competition entrant and must The Developing Scientist Poster Awards Competition be presented by the competition entrant. is open to enrolled undergraduate and graduate 5. Competition entrants may enter only one paper students or recent graduates from undergraduate or in either the Oral or the Poster Competition.
698 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; Scientist Poster Awards Competition will be based 1. All competition entrants are required to pay on evaluations of the abstracts and the scientific the registration fee (i.e., student member rate, quality of the work (see judging criteria below). All Member rate, or nonmember rate) for the competition entrants will be advised of the judges’ lAFP Annual Meeting. Nonmembers may decisions by June 1, 2001. join lAFP and receive the Member rate. Only competition finalists will be judged at the Annual 2. Acceptance of papers by LAFP for presenta¬ Meeting and will be eligible for the awards. All tion at the Annual Meeting is independent of other competition entrants with abstracts accepted acceptance as a Competition finalist. Competi¬ by the LAFP Program Committee will be expected to tion entrants who are chosen as finalists will present their papers or posters as part of the regular Annual Meeting. The presentations will not be judged be notified of their status by the competition and they will not be eligible for the awards. chairperson by June 1, 2001. 3. All competition entrants with accepted JUDGING CRITERIA FOR THE DEVELOPING abstracts will receive a complimentary, one- SCIENTIST AWARDS COMPETITION; year LAFP membership which includes their choice of Dairy, Food and Environmental ABSTRACT; Sanitation or Journal of Food Protection. Clarity; comprehensiveness; conciseness. 4. All competition finalists will receive a com¬ plimentary Awards Banquet ticket and are SCIENTIFIC QUAUTY; expected to be present at the banquet where Adequacy of experimental design; extent to which the award winners will be announced and objectives were met; difficulty and thoroughness of recognized. research; validity of conclusions based upon data; technical merit; contribution to science. JUDGING THE DEVELOPING SCIENTIST AWARDS COMPETITION; PRESENTATION; Abstracts and presentations will be evaluated by an Organization (clarity of introduction, objectives, independent panel of judges. Selection of up to ten methods, results and conclusions); quality of visuals; finalists for the Developing Scientist Oral Awards quality and poise of presentation and in answering Competition and up to ten finalists for the Developing questions.
*NOTE; Your abstract must be received by the lAFP office no later than January 8, 2001. Photocopies of the abstract form may be used.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 699 lAFP Policy on Commercialism
1. INTRODUCTION capabilities, features or benefits, and performance parameters must be substantiated by data or by an No printed media, technical sessions, sym¬ acceptable explanation as to why the data are posia, posters, seminars, short courses, and/or unavailable (e.g., incomplete, not collected, etc.) all related type forums and discussions offered under the auspices of the International Association and, if it will become available, when. The explana¬ for Food Protection (hereafter referred to as Assoc¬ tion for unavailable data will be considered by the iation forums) are to be used as platforms for Program Committee chairperson and/or technical commercial sales or presentations by authors and/ reviewers selected by the Program Committee or presenters (hereafter referred to as authors) chairperson in order to ascertain if the presentation without the expressed permission of the staff or is acceptable without the data. Serious consider¬ Executive Board. The Association enforces this ation should be given to withholding submissions policy in order to restrict commercialism in and presentations until the data are available as only technical manuscripts, graphics, oral presenta¬ those conclusions that might be reasonably drawn tions, poster presentations, panel discussions, from the data may be presented. Claims of benefit symposia papers, and all other type submissions and/or technical conclusions not supported by the and presentations (hereafter referred to as submissions and presentations), so that scientific presented data are prohibited. merit is not diluted by proprietary secrecy. Excessive use of brand names, product names 2.3 Trade Names or logos, failure to substantiate performance Excessive use of brand names, product names, claims, and failure to objectively discuss alter¬ trade names, and/or trademarks is forbidden. A native methods, processes, and equipment are indicators of sales pitches. Restricting commer¬ general guideline is to use proprietary names once cialism benefits both the authors and recipients and thereafter to use generic descriptors or neutral of submissions and presentations. designations. Where this would make the submis¬ This policy has been written to serve as the sion or presentation significantly more difficult to basis for identifying commercialism in submis¬ understand, the Program Committee chairperson, sions and presentations prepared for the Association technical reviewers selected by the Program Com¬ forums. mittee chairperson, session convenor, and/or staff will judge whether the use of trade names, etc., 2. TECHNICAL CONTENT OF SUBMIS¬ is necessary and acceptable. SIONS AND PRESENTATIONS 2.1 Original Work 2.4 “Industry Practice” Statements The presentation of new technical informa¬ It may be useful to report the extent of applica¬ tion is to be encouraged. In addition to the tion of technologies, products, or services, however, commercialism evaluation, all submissions and such statements should review the extent of applica¬ presentations will be individually evaluated by tion of all generically similar technologies, products, the Program Committee chairperson, technical or services in the field. Specific commercial installa¬ reviewers selected by the Program Committee tions may be cited to the extent that their data are chairperson, session convenor, and/or staff on discussed in the submission or presentation. the basis of originality before inclusion in the program. 2.5 Ranking 2.2 Substantiating Data Although general comparisons of products and Submissions and presentations should present services are prohibited, specific generic compari¬ technical conclusions derived from technical data. sons that are substantiated by the reported data If products or services are described, all reported are allowed.
700 Doiry, Food ond Environmenfol Sonitofion - SEPTEMBER 2000 2.6 Proprietary Information (See also 2.2.) 4. INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT Some information about products or services 4.1 Distribution may be proprietary to the author’s agency or company, or to the user and may not be publishable. This policy will be sent to all authors of submis¬ However, their scientific principles and validation sions and presentations in the Association forums. of performance parameters must be described. Conclusions and/or comparisons may only be made 4.2 Assessment Process on the basis of reported data. Reviewers of submissions and presentations will accept only those that comply with this policy. 2.7 Capabilities Drafts of submissions and presentations will be reviewed for commercialism concurrently by both Discussion of corporate capabilities or experi¬ staff and technical reviewers selected by the Pro¬ ences are prohibited unless they pertain to the gram Committee Chairperson. All reviewer specific presented data. comments shall be sent to and coordinated by either the Program Committee Chairperson or the desig¬ 3. GRAPHICS nated staff. If any submissions are found to violate this policy, authors will be informed and invited 3.1 Purpose to resubmit their materials in revised form before Slides, photographs, videos, illustrations, art the designated deadline. work, and any other type visual aids appearing with 4.3 Author Awareness the printed text in submissions or used in presenta¬ tions (hereafter referred to as graphics) should be In addition to receiving a printed copy of this included only to clarify technical points. Graphics policy, all authors presenting in a forum will be which primarily promote a product or service will reminded of this policy by the Program Commit¬ tee chairperson, their session convenor, or the staff, not be allowed. (See also 4.6.) whichever is appropriate.
3.2 Source 4.4 Monitoring Graphics should relate specifically to the techni¬ Session convenors are responsible for ensuring cal presentation. General graphics regularly shown that presentations comply with this policy. If it is in, or intended for, sales presentations cannot be determined by the session convenor that a violation used. or violations have occurred or are occurring, he or she will publically request that the author immedi¬ ately discontinue any and all presentations (oral, 3.3 Company Identification visual, audio, etc.), and will notify the Program Names or logos of agencies or companies Committee chairperson and staff of the action taken. supplying the goods or services must not appear on the graphics, except on the first slide of the 4.5 Enforcement presentation. Slides showing products may not While both technical reviewers, session include predominant nameplates. Graphics with convenors, and/or staff may check submissions commercial names or logos added as background and presentations for commercialism, ultimately borders or corners are specifically forbidden. it is the responsibility of the Program Committee chairperson to enforce this policy through the 3.4 Copies session convenors and staff.
Graphics that are not included in the preprint 4.6 Penalties may be shown during the presentation only if they If the author of a submission or presentation have been reviewed in advance by the Program violates this policy, the Program Committee chair¬ Committee chairperson, session convenor, and/or person will notify the author and the authors’ staff, and have been determined to comply with this agency or company of the violation in writing. If an policy. Copies of these additional graphics must be additional violation or violations occur after a available from the author on request by individual written warning has been issued to an author and attendees. It is the responsibility of the session his agency or company, the Association reserves convenor to verify that all graphics to be shown the right to ban the author and the authors’ have been cleared by Program Committee chair¬ agency or company from making presentations in person, session convenor, staff, or other reviewers the Association forums for a period of up to two designated by the Program Committee chairperson. (2) years following the violation or violations.
SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 701 NewMembers
CANADA John B. Gorman PORTUGAL Geest PLC Louise Blanchet Peterborough, Cambridgeshire Jorge Queiroz Ministere I)e L’Agriculture IBP Consulting Quebec City, Quebec JAPAN Matosinhos, Portugal Lidia D'Andrea Hideshi Michino UNITED ARAB Nabisco, Toronto, Ontario Ministry of Health and Welfare Chiyoda, Tokyo EMIRATES Bryce Graham Sharon Sausman Saskatoon District Health KOREA Spinneys, Dubai, Dubai Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Jung-Hyun Park Jacinthe Lefebure Gyeongsang National University UNITED STATES Bio-Control, Inc., Ste-Foy, Quebec Chinju, Gyeongnam Alabama Ruff Lowman Canadian Food Inspection Agency MEXICO l-Hsuan Chen (CFIA), Nepean, Ontario Elisa Cabrera Suzanne Savoie Nanci Edid Marinez-Ganzales Tam L Mai Canadian Food Inspection Agency Guadalajara, Jalisco Auburn University, Auburn Dieppe, New Brunswick Lydia Mata de la Garza Lei Zhang Francois Veillette Mexico, D.F. Auburn University, Auburn Canadian Food Inspection Agency Gabriela Najera-Sdnchez Nepean, Ontario California Mexico, D.F. Hamilton C. Avila Golden State Foods Veronica Navarro-Hidalgo CHINA City of Industry' Guadalajara, Jalisco Margaret J. Burnett Melissa Caliechia Hong Kong University Rosalba Peregrina-Gomez Lantau Island, Hong Kong Guadalajara, Jalisco Silliker Laboratories, Carson Jing Lu-jun Julia Aurora Perez-Montano Nicole Ferrel Hailian High-tech Agricultural Div. La Calma, Zapopan, Jalisco Silliker Laboratories, Carson Corp., Ltd., Xingzheng, Henan Ofelia Radriguez-Garcia Carol E. Fitzgerald Xu You-gian Guadalajara, Jalisco State of California, Marysville Hailian High-tech Agricultural Div. Corp., Ltd., Xingzheng, Henan Paola Sabina Contreras Iris Golanis Laboratorio De Alta Technologia The Cheesecake Factory Calabasas Hills ENGLAND De Xalapa, S.C. Xalapa, Veracruz Ma. Refugia Torres-Vitela Patrick Kelly Robert A. Chapleo Guadalajara, Jalisco Grimmway Farms, Bakersfield Environmental Health, Warwick District Council, Leamington Spa Angelica Villarruel-Lopez Doug Mowbray Warwickshire Guadalajara, Jalisco Sonoma Salsa, Petaluma 702 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Corrine Rucker Kansas New Jersey Valley Fresh, Turlock Gerald V. Hickey, III Christopher Murdock Delaware Kansas State University Rutgers University, Freehold Manhattan Jeff G. Bonks New York DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington Michael Meyers Dustin Zojoc Winchester Food Processing Eastern Crown, Inc., Vernon Mark Barbour Hutchinson DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington North Carolina Kentucky * Karen T. Holden Alice L Johnson Andrew Dawson “M^^tt International, Charlotte National Turkey Federation TN Valley DUC, FprtjC^teU Washington P^itsvlvania Keshun Yu > Bob Colvi^^ Susan M. Sousville University of Kentti^'lQr - Silliker Laliomories Group USDA, Washington Lexington Sinking SpringX ' \ Georgia Anna C. S. Porto \ Louisiana * - USE^, WyndmoiorX^ Lance F. Bolton Qualicon, Watkinsville Aldrienne V. Crawford Dutch Quality House II ' South Caroliif|i\ Julie H. Ehlers BossierCity V Brian J. Golbus '.^"'< \ Valley Fresh, Inc.,'‘Watkinsville ChemStation of SoU^ Carolina I* Cohujibia ' _ \ Joseph L. Ferreira Maryland US FDA, Atlanta Cathy G. Holland Schdrnhorsf' . Perdue Farms, Inc., Salisl USCi^rSumteV Morto E. Jormillo University of Georgia, Athens Michigan' Cindy Leonard Brian R. Borchert The Professional Group, Marietta Bil Mar Foods, Zeeland Tong Zhao University of Georgia, Griffin Michael Juhosz my Benny McKee / MictugagDept. of Agrit^tut:^ Analytical FootJH^s Iowa Food and^^frjr^iijHsio^^ GrahdPrairiV / Mokubo A. Lihono Saginaw , , , , Dennis Iowa State University, Ames Pillsbi Denison Poscole Pierre , Michigan State University J^f^ington East Lansing ^ Robert J. Dinwiddle ^f^e Bell Beatrice Cheese-Nauvoo, Nauvoo Costco Wholesale, Issaquah M'ahdL Saeed Kun Zhu Michigan Staff Michael Sanchez Illinois State University, Normal East Lansing Costco Wholesale, Issaquah New Sustaining Members Jeffrey J. Christenson CHEMetrics, Inc. Calverton, Virginia SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 703 AffiliateOfficers ALABAMA ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTION CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF DAIRY Pres., Ron Dawsey.Montgomery AND MILK SANITARIANS Pres. Elect, Tollie Haley Meggs.Tuscaloosa Pres., Anne Quilter Goldstein.Sacramento Past Pres., Ed Mabry.Cowarts 1st Vice Pres., Giselle Puckett.Fairfield Vice Pres., Jon Searles.Sylacauga 2nd Vice Pres., Dawn Stead.Woodland Hills Sec’y. Treas., Patricia Lindsey.Cullman Past Pres., Gary Timmons.Ontario Delegate, Tom McCaskey.Auburn Recording Sec’y. Frances Valles.Ontario Mail all correspondence to: Delegate, John Bruhn.Davis Patricia Lindsey Mail all correspondence to: Cullman County Health Dept. John C. Bruhn P.O. Box 1678 Dairy Research and Information Center Cullman, AL 35056-1678 University of Califomia-Davis 256.734.0243 Food Science and Technology E-mail: [email protected] One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616-8598 ALBERTA ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD 530.752.2192 AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS E-mail: [email protected] Pres., Gary Gensler.Edmonton Pres. Elect, Michelle Rymal.Edmonton CAPITAL AREA FOOD PROTEaiON ASSOCIATION Past Pres., Elaine Dribnenky. Red Deer Pres., Jill Snowdon.Washington Sec’y., Kelly Sawka.Edmonton Vice Pres., Jianghong Meng.College Park Treas., Bonnie Jensen .Edmonton Sec’y ./Treas., Brett Podoski.Washington Delegate, Lynn M. McMullen.Edmonton Delegate, Faye Feldstein.Washington Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Lynn M. McMullen Brett W. Podoski University of Alberta FDACFSAN Dept, of Ag., Food and Nutritional Science 200 C St., SW 4-10 Ag. For. Center Washington, D.C. 20204 Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada 202.401.2377 780.429.6015 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] CAROLINAS ASSOCIATION BRITISH COLUMBIA FOOD PROTECTION FOR FOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION Pres., Beth Johnson.Columbia, SC Pres., Clive Kingsbury.Surrey Past Pres., Susan Grayson.Cary, NC Vice Pres., Terry Peters.Richmond Sec’y., Jeff Rhodehamel.Duncan, SC Sec’y, Ernst Schoeller.North Vancouver Vice Pres., Michael Rhodes.Raleigh, NC Treas., John Boyce.Vancouver Treas., John Rushing.Raleigh, NC Delegate, Clive Kingsbury.Surrey Delegate, Beth Johnson.Columbia, SC Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Clive Kingsbury Beth M. Johnson J. M. Schneider S.C. DHEC Bur. of Labs 5523 ■ 176th St. 2809 Knightbridge Road Surrey, BC V3S 4C2 Columbia, SC 29223-2126 604.576.1191 ext. 3740 803.935.6201 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 704 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 5 CONNEaiCUT ASSOCIATION OF DAIRY Mail all correspondence to: AND FOOD SANITARIANS, INC. Frank Isenberg Bureau of Env. Health and Safety Pres., Colleen Meats.Windsor Locks P.O. Box 83720 Vice Pres., David Herrington.Middlefield Boise, ID 83720-0036 Sec’y»» Donald Shields.Hartford 208.334.5947 Treas., Kevin Gallagher.Hartford E-mail: [email protected] Delegate, Satyakam Sen.Bristol Mail all correspondence to: ASSOCIATED ILLINOIS MILK, FOOD Kevin Gallagher AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Dept. Consumer Protection (Food Div.) Pres., Leroy Dressel.Highland State Office Bldg., Rm #167 Pres. Elect, Tom Gruetzmacher.Rockford 165 Capitol Ave. 1st Vice Pres., Steve DiVincenzo.Springfield Hartford, CT 06106 2nd Vice Pres., Mark Kloster.North Aurora 860.713.6186 Past Pres., Gary Kuhlman.Springfield Sec’y. Treas., Nicolette Oates.Chicago FLORIDA ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTION Delegate, Don Kimball.Rockford Pres., Frank Yiannas.Lake Buena Vista Mail all correspondence to: Pres. Elect, Zeb Blanton.Altamonte Springs Nicolette Oates Vice Pres., Bennett Armstrong.New Port Richey 11920 So. 74th Ave. Past Pres., Roy E. Costa.Orlando Palos Heights, IL 60463 Sec’yM Sharon Grossman.Orange City 773.722.7100 Treas., Bill Thornhill.Winter Haven E-mail: [email protected] Delegate, Peter Hibbard.Orlando Mail all correspondence to: INDIANA ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Frank Yiannas ASSOCIATION, INC. Environmental Health Pres., John Hulewicz.Goshen Walt Disney World Pres. Elect, Rhonda Madden.Indianapolis P.O. Box 10,000 Vice Pres., Robert Lewis.Shelbyville Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830-1000 Past. Pres., Dave Lamm.Indianapolis 407.828.5848 Treas., J. Lloyd Grannan.Indianapolis E-mail: [email protected] Sec’y*» Janice Wilkins.Muncie Delegate, Helene Uhlman.Hammond GEORGIA ASSOCIATION OF FOOD Mail all correspondence to: AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Helene Uhlman Pres., Sid Camp.Atlanta Hammond Health Dept. Vice Pres., Shanna Lively.Forest Park 649 Conkey St., East Past Pres., Pam York. McDonough Hammond, IN 46324 Sec’y-, Todd Silberg.Duluth 219.853.6358 Treas., James C. Camp.Newnan Delegate, David Fry.Lilbum IOWA ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. Mail all correspondence to: Todd Silberg Pres., Susan Stence.Charter Oak DARDEN Restaurants Vice Pres., Mike Klein.Walford 3775 Palisade Park Dr. 1st Vice Pres., Jimmy Clark.Seymore 2nd Vice Pres,, Randy Stephenson.Stacyville Duluth, GA 30096 Past Pres., Jon Knight.Waterloo 407.245.5835 Sec’y. Treas., Monica Streicher.Arlington E-mail: [email protected] Delegate, Randy Hanson.Dubuque Mail all correspondence to: IDAHO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION Monica Streicher Pres., Ron Baird.Mt. Home c/o Associated Milk Producers Inc. Pres. Elect, Angela Markham.Pocatello 3281 40th St. Past Pres., Rich Gabriel.Moscow Arlington, lA 50606 Sec’y* Treas., Dee Dawson.Pocatello 319.933.4521 ext. 222 Delegate, Frank Isenberg.Boise E-mail: [email protected] SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 705 KANSAS ASSOCIATION OF SANITARIANS MASSACHUSEHS MILK, FOOD Pres., Dan Partridge.Hutchinson AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTORS ASSOCIATION 1st Vice Pres., Dennis Foster.Troy Pres., Christine Majewski.Jamaica Plain 2nd Vice Pres., Chris Etcheson.Topeka Vice Pres., Randall White.Agawam Past Pres., Jolene Funk.Salina i Past Pres., Gail Stathis.Springfield Sec’y^ Chris McVey.Emporia Sec’y. Treas., Fred Kowal.South Hadley Treas., Greg Willis.Hays Delegate, Barb Kulig.West Springfield Delegate, Ronald Tubb.Overland Park Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Fred Kowal Chris McVey 49 Pine St. Lyon County Health Dept. South Hadley, MA 01075 420 W. 15th Ave. 413.592.5914 Emporia, KS 66801 316.342.4864 METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION OF DAIRY, E-mail: [email protected] FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS KENTUCKY ASSOCIATION OF DAIRY, FOOD Pres., Jeffrey Bloom.Hamilton, NJ AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS 1st Vice Pres., Steven Mitchell.Plainview, NY Sec’y. Treas., Carol A. Schwar.Alpha, NJ Pres., Timothy Wright.Versailles Delegate, Fred Weber.Hamilton, NJ Pres. Elect, David Burton.Bowling Green Vice Pres., Sam Burnette.Frankfort Mail all correspondence to: Sec’y., Brenda Haydon.Frankfort Carol Schwar Treas., Kim True.Frankfort Warren County Health Dept. Delegate, Timothy Wright.Versailles 319 W. Washington Ave. Washington, NJ 07882 Mail all correspondence to: i 903.689.6693 Timothy Wright E-mail: warrenhd.hac.net Woodford County Health Dept. 229 N. Main St. Versailles, KY 40383 MEXICO ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTION 606.873.4541 Pres., Alejandro Castillo.Guadalajara Vice Pres., Lydia Mota de la Garza.Mexico City Sec’y., Fausto Tejeda-Trujillo.Puebla KOREA ASSOCIATION OF MILK, Treas., Nanci E. Martinez-Gonzalez.Guadalajara FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS Delegate, M. Rufugio Torres-Vitela.Guadalajara Pres., Kook Hee Kang.Kyunggido Mail all correspondence to: 1st Vice Pres., Duck Hwa Chung.Kyungnam Alejandro Castillo 2nd Vice Pres., Dong Suck Chang.Pusan University of Guadalajara Past Pres., Choong II Chung.Seoul Monte Alban 1347 Sec’y^ Deog Hwan Oh.Kangwondo Guadalajara, Jal. 44340 Mexico Auditor, Yoh Chang Yoon.Seoul 52.3.619.8158 ext. 16 Delegate, Dong Kwan Jeong.Pusan E-mail: [email protected] Mail all correspondence to: Deog Hwan Oh MICHIGAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Division of Food and Biotechnology ASSOCIATION College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Pres., Keith Krinn.Royal Oak Kangwon National University I Pres. Elect, Mike Juhasz.Midland 192-1, Hyoja 2 Dong Past Pres., Ron Holben.Lansing Chunchon, Kangwondo 200-701, Korea j Treas., Bruce DuHamel.Hemlock 82.361.250.6457 I Sec’y., Laurie Jahn.Canton E-mail: deoghwa@cc. kangwon. ac.kr ' Delegate, Mike Juhasz.Midland 706 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - SEPTEMBER 2000 Mail all correspondence to; Mail all correspondence to; Keith Krinn Gary Hosek Oakland County Health Division NE Dept, of Health and Human Services 301 Centennial Mall South 27725 Greenfield Road ‘ Lincoln, NE 68509 Southfield, MI 48076-3625 402.471.3121 248.424.7099 E-mail; [email protected] NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OF MILK AND FOOD SANITARIANS MISSISSIPPI ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Pres., Kathryn J. Boor.Ithaca Pres. Elect, Connie Kuhlman.Rome ASSOCIATION Past Pres., Gary L. Davis.Canandaigua Pres., Royce Freeman.Hattiesburg Council Chairman, Roy M. Sleeper. Baldwinsville Pres. Elect, Susan Howell.Starkville Exec. Sec’y., Janene Lucia.Ithaca Past Pres., Charlie Busier.Meridian Delegate, Steven Murphy.Ithaca Sec’y- Treas., Regina Holland.New Augusta Mail all correspondence to; Delegate, Regina Holland.New Augusta Janene Lucia c/o Cornell University Mail all correspondence to; 172 Stocking Hall Regina Holland Ithaca, NY 14853 Perry County Health Dept. 607.255.2892 P.O. Box 126 E-mail; [email protected] New Augusta, MS 39462 NORTH DAKOTA ENVIRONMENTAL 601.964.3288 HEALTH ASSOCIATION Pres., James Schothorst.Grand Forks MISSOURI MILK, FOOD 1st Vice Pres., Dick Bechtel.Mandan AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION 2nd Vice Pres., Terry Ludlum.Fargo Past Pres., Mike Walton.Bismarck Pres., Linda Wilson.Springfield Sec’y., Debra Larson.Bismarck Pres. Elect, Joel VanHoose.Jefferson City Treas., Lisa Well.Bismarck Vice Pres., Linda Haywood.Cabool Delegate, John Ringsrud.Lakota Past Pres., Stephen St. Clair.Hannibal Mail all correspondence to; Sec’y.» Andrew Hoffman.Warrenton Debra Larson Treas., Patrick Shannon.Jefferson City Food and Lodging Delegate, Linda Wilson.Springfield ND Dept, of Health 600 E. Boulevard Ave., Dept. 301 Mail all correspondence to; Bismarck, ND 58505-0200 Stephen St. Clair 701.328.1292 Marion County Health Dept. E-mail; [email protected] P.O. Box 1378 OHIO ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD Hannibal, MO 63401 AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS 573.221.1166 E-mail; [email protected] Pres., Hermine Willey.Columbus 1st Vice Pres., Barry S. Pokomy.Fairfield 2nd Vice Pres., Rodger Tedrick.Gahanna NEBRASKA ASSOCIATION OF MILK Past Pres., James Baker.Lancaster AND FOOD SANITARIANS Sec’y. Treas., Donald Barrett.Canal Winchester Delegate, Gloria Swick.New Lexington Pres., Gary Hosek.Lincoln Mail all correspondence to; Vice Pres., Tom Tieso.Lincoln Donald Barrett Past Pres., Roger Biltoft.Oak Health Dept. Sec’y., Mindy Brashears.Lincoln 6855 Diley Road NW Treas., Jill Schallehn.Omaha Canal Winchester, OH 43110 Delegate, Diane West.Omaha i 614.645.6195 SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 707 AffilialeOfficers, continued ONTARIO FOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION Mail all correspondence to: GaryJ. Van Voorst Pres., Robert Tiffin.Kitchener j 132 N. Dakota Ave. Vice Pres., D. Wayne Sprung.Mississauga Sioux Falls, SD 57104 Past Pres., Bill Boylan.Oakville j 605.367.8787 Sec’y. Treas., Zul Nanjee.Guelph ! E-mail: [email protected] Delegate, Robert T iffin.Kitchener \ TENNESSEE ASSOCIATION OF MILK, Mail all correspondence to: FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Glenna Haller Ontario Food Protection Association Pres., Jim Byington.Blountville 28-38() Eramosa Road, Suite 279 Pres. Elect, Steve Jones.Kingsport Vice Pres., Ronnie W’ade.Memphis Guelph, Ontario NIE 7E1 Canada Past Pres., Suzie Sykes.Arlington, TX 519.823.8015 Sec’y. Treas., Ann Draughon.Knoxville E-mail: [email protected] Bd. Mem.-at-Lge., Jim Howie.Charlotte, NC Archivist/Delegate, Ruth Fuqua.Mt. Juliet PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATION OF MILK, Mail all correspondence to: FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Ann Draughon Pres., Patricia L. McKenty.Gibsonia I University of Tennessee Pres. Elect, Doug Smith.Sharpsville i Food Science and Technology Dept. Vice Pres., T'roye A. Cooper.Lebanon | Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 Past Pres., CTyde H. Treffeisen.Warrington j 423.974.7425 Sec’y., Eugene R. Frey.Lancaster , E-mail: [email protected] Treas., Robert K. Mock.Boyertown I TEXAS ASSOCIATION OF MILK, Delegate, Eugene R. Frey.Lancaster ! FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Mail all correspondence to: Eugene R. Frey Pres., Mike Giles.Tyler Past Pres., Fred Reimers.San Antonio 307 Pin Oak Place Sec’y. Treas., Ron Richter.College Station Lancaster, PA 17602-3469 Delegate, Janie Park.Austin 717.397.0719 E-mail: [email protected] Mail all correspondence to: Ron Richter QUEBEC FOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION TAMFES Pres., Marie-CTaude l.amontagne.St. Anselme I P.O. Box 10092 College Station, TX 77842 Pres. Elect, Gisele LaPointe.Quebec | 409.845.4409 Vice Pres., Andre Giguere .Quebec E-mail: [email protected] Sec’y., NocM Brousseau.Candiac Treas., Carl Pietrazsko.Saint-Anselme UPPER MIDWEST DAIRY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Mail all correspondence to: Pres., Jack Ulrich.Litchfield Marie-Claude Lamontagne Vice Pres., Bruce Steege.Zumbrota Charcuterie Roy Past Pres., Elaine Santi.Iron 254 Rue Principalle Exec. Director, Sec’y., Gene Watnass.Vining St. Anselme, Quebec GOR 2NO E-mail: [email protected] Treas., Paul Nierman.Mounds View Delegate, Jack Ulrich.Litchfield SOUTH DAKOTA ENVIRONMENTAL Mail all correspondence to: HEALTH ASSOCIATION Paul Nierman Pres., Rod Coker.Pierre Dairy Quality Control Institute Pres. Elect, Scott Hippie.Pierre 5205 Quincy St. Past Pres., Curtis Thelen.Sioux Falls Mounds View, MN 55112-1400 Sec’y. Treas., GaryJ. Van Voorst.Sioux Falls I 612.785.0484 Delegate, Darwin Kurtenbach.Pierre I E-mail: dqcipaul@aoLcom 708 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 VIRGINIA ASSOCIATION OF SANITARIANS WISCONSIN MILK AND FOOD SANITARIANS AND DAIRY FIELDMEN ASSOCIATION Pres., Craig Jones.McGaheysville Pres., George Nelson.Menomonie 1st Vice Pres., Lowell Moyers. Mount Crawford Pres. Elect, Dean Sommer.Waupun Past Pres., Bennett Minor.Mechanicsville 1st Vice Pres., Kathy Glass.Madison Sec’y. Treas., Mary Jane Wolfinger.Orange 2nd Vice Pres., Goeff Marcks. Brownsville Delegate, Mary Jane Wolfinger.Orange Past Pres., John Christy.Sparta Sec’y., Randall Daggs.Sun Prairie Mail all correspondence to: Treas., Neil Vassau.Verona Mary Jane Wolfinger Delegate, Randall Daggs.Sun Prairie VDACS Mail all correspondence to: 16560 Tomahawk Creek Road Randall Daggs Orange, VA 22960 6699 Prairie View Dr. 540.672.0755 i Sun Prairie, W1 53590 608.266.9376 E-mail: [email protected] WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTION WYOMING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION Pres., Matthew Andrews.Seattle Pres., Laurie Leis.Cheyenne Pres. Elect, Paul Nelson.Seattle Pres. Elect, Shirley Etzell.Lander Past Pres., Marc Bates.Pullman Past Pres., Stephanie Whitman.Laramie Sec’y. Treas., William Brewer.Seattle Sec’y., Nola Evans.Laramie Delegate, Stephanie Olmsted.Seattle Treas., Roy Kroeger.Cheyenne Delegate, Nola Evans.Laramie Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: William Brewer Nola Evans 12509 10th Ave., NW I 4205 Crow Dr. Seattle, WA 98177-4309 Laramie, WY 82072 206.363.5411 307.745.4591 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]\'.us Everyone Can Fight BAC!™ The U.S. Partnership for Food Safety Education (PFSE) is in the midst FIGHT BAC! of its third successful year of a pro-active consumer awareness effort to reduce the risks of foodborne illness in the home. The Partnership makes this important vision happen in a fun and eye-catching way that appeals to every age group. Check the PFSE Web site at vvvvw.fightbac.org for updates on the Fight BAC!™ Campaign. In September 2000, the Partnership will introduce a new tool, its all-in-one, comprehensive program workbook entitled “Using Partnerships to Fight BAC!™ —A Workbook for Local Food Safety Educators.” The Web site will have details on ordering this packet so grassroots BAC Fighters can successfully run their own Fight BAC!™ Campaigns. For information on joining the Fight BAC!™ campaign, contact: The Partnership for Food Safety Education, Phone: 202.452.8444; Fax: 202.422.0873; Web site: wvvw.fightbac.org. SEPTEMBER 2000 - Doiry, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 709 Interestingly, say the authors, women listed contact with cats, eating raw meat and eating raw or unwashed fruit or vegetables as the main sources of infection. Few women mentioned contact with soil. Despite some limitations of the study, the need for preventa¬ tive strategies is clear, conclude the authors. They call for im¬ Mtmhcrs of the Wyoming (iovernor's Food proved quality and consistency of Safety Council and others involved with information available to pregnant drafting the "Wyoming Food, Drug and women, better labelling of meat Cosmetic .Safety Act" surround Wyoming according to farming and process¬ (iovemor (ieringer as he signs tlie bill into law. ing methods and improved farm hygiene to reduce infection in animals. Wyoming Signs New In an accompanying commen¬ tary, Richard Holliman of St. Food Safety Low: George’s Hospital and Medical ^^Wyoming Food, Drug School in London reinforces the Undercooked Meat and Cosmetic Safety need for preventative strategies “to reduce the infectivity of meat Act" is Chief Cause of Parasite Infection products.” He believes that current he Wyoming 2()()() legisla¬ health education may benefit from tive session was noteworthy in Pregnancy focus and refinement, concentrat¬ in that it signed into law a Bating undercooked, raw ing on the principal risk factors at bill governing the food safety of or cured meat during the expense of less important Wyoming. The new law, called the pregnancy is the main risk issues and concludes the health “Wyoming Food, Drug and Cos¬ factor for the common parasite implications of consuming raw, metic Safety Act” allows the infection — toxoplasmosis, which undercooked or cured meats in Department of Agriculture to can lead to brain damage in the pregnancy require careful consid¬ draw up new food rules that will unborn child, according to a study eration. encompass all areas of food. in the British Medical Journal. Also, included in the law is the Researchers interviewed over ability of the department to charge 1,000 pregnant women, with and Devices Detect license fees. without toxoplasma infection, Salmonellor E, co/f, This law is the culmination across six European cities about of two years of meetings by the their occupations, lifestyles and and Other Bacteria Ciovernors Food Safety Council eating habits. Their knowledge ore than 75 million people in developing the new food safety about sources of infection was also per year become ill from bill. The work was not done assessed. The authors found that food poisoning in the though after the council complet¬ eating raw, undercooked or cured United States, 325,()()() are hosp¬ ed their work. The real work meat contributed to between 30% italized, and 5,000 of them die began for Laurie Leis, CHS Pro¬ and 63% of infections. Contact from pathogens like Salmonella gram Manager and Deputy Direc¬ with soil contributed to up to 17% and E. coli. But detection of these tor, Jim Schwartz, when they had of infections and travel outside pathogens is getting easier, thanks to present the bill to the Joint Europe or the United States and to several new biosensors devel¬ Agricultural C^lommittee and sub¬ Canada was also a significant risk sequently the rest of the legis¬ factor. Weaker associations were oped by researchers at the Univer¬ lature. They did an excellent job also seen in women who reported sity of Rhode Island. because the bill passed the legisla¬ tasting raw meat during prepara¬ Ten years in development, the ture in its first presentation. tion of meals, drinking unpast¬ biosensors use fiber optic tech¬ (Congratulations to everyone eurized milk and working with nology to quickly and accurately involved in the development of animals. Contact with cats was not detect and quantify bacteria levels this law. a risk factor for infection. in meats, poultry and other foods. 710 Ooiry, food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 News, continued “There are about 6,000 meat The binding of the pathogen Outbreak of Escher¬ and poultry processing plants in cells to the antibodies takes about the US, and they all are required by 60 minutes, while the process of ichia coli 0^57:H7 law to test their products for food determining the pathogen concen¬ Leading to the Recall pathogens,” said A. Garth Rand, tration takes just 60-90 seconds. of Retail Ground Beef professor emeritus of food science Although the sensor needs n outbreak of diarrheal at URI. “Most of these plants don’t further refinement before it is illness caused by Escher¬ have their own labs, so they’ve got complete, the researchers are ichia coli ()15“’:H“’ oc¬ to send their samples out to working with Pierson Scientific curred in a small community north commercial labs. Instead of Associates of Andover, MA, to of Winnipeg, Manitoba, following waiting several days to get results, develop portable prototypes of a family barbeque on 8 May 1999 they can use our biosensor and the device. The partnership was at which hamburgers were served. have results in an hour.” awarded a Small Business Tech¬ The outbreak resulted in three of Rand teamed up with Stephen nology Transfer grant from the the nine people present seeking Letcher, professor of physics, and National Science Foundation in medical attention, two of whom Christopher Brown, professor of 1998. were children < 5 years of age. chemistry, to establish the URI “While we’ve been primarily Public health officials investi¬ Fiber Optic & Biosensor Research studying Salmonella, the system gated the food histories and Group to tackle the difficult works for most other food patho¬ clinical symptoms of those present problem of developing a fast and gens, too. In fact, we believe it at the barbeque. Those who sensitive food pathogen sensor. works even better for E. coll, ” .sought medical attention had This research group is part Rand said. stool samples collected for culture. The URI researchers have also Stool and beef (from one of the University’s Sensors and been working on biosensors for frozen sample of the same batch Surface Technology Partnership. the US Army Natick Labs, which of raw ground beef served at the The US Department of Agriculture prepares Defense Department barbeque) were cultured on has funded the research for the last meals that are often stored for Mac(]onkey agar with added eight years. “We are one of a very years in remote locations. The sorbitol, and any cultures positive small number of research groups Army has funded Rand’s research for £. coli OIS"':!!"’ underwent working on food safety biosensors. into developing sensors to detect phage typing and pulsed-field gel Our combination of disciplines is pathogens in Army rations. electrophoresis (PFGE) using the unique. The only way to solve this “They are especially con¬ standard (d)C methodology. kind of problem is with an inter¬ cerned with detecting pathogens Seven of the nine people disciplinary approach” said Rand. that grow in low-moisture dried present at the barbeque developed diarrhea with abdominal cramps Focusing first on detecting foods,” explained Rand. “They needed a quick way to see if between 3 to 10 days following Salmonella, one of the most pathogens are growing in the food the barbeque. Two had bloody common food pathogens, the they have stored around the diarrhea. The two children with group developed several sensors world.” For this project, Rand’s bloody diarrhea (an 11-month-old that use vibrating quartz crystals team developed a membrane male and a 15-year-old female) and or fiber optic probes along with biosensor. When the membrane one with non-bloody diarrhea Salmonella antibodies that bind is coated with antibodies and (a 4-year-old female) sought the pathogen cells to the sensor. enzymes, the bacteria gets caught medical attention. There was The latest version also uses micro¬ on the membrane while the rest sufficient stool from two of these scopic magnetic beads called of the solution being tested passes children (the 11-month-old male microspheres. through it. Next up for the URI and the 4-year-old female) and both “The surface of the beads are researchers is the creation of a were positive for£. coli 0157:H"', hand-held surface scanning system phage type 14. covered with antibodies that — similar to a supermarket check¬ Six of the seven ill people ate collect the pathogen and are then out scanner — that uses video to hamburger, but the 4-year-old labeled with a fluorescent dye,” detect the pathogens, and another female (culture positive) did not. explained Rand. that detects pathogens in seafoods. All cases recovered fully. “Then the beads are magneti¬ “These sensors will signifi¬ The hamburger patties were cally focused in front of optical cantly enhance the safety of the well cooked, but were then placed fibers and a laser signal reports food supply and protect human on a plate that had been u.sed for the pathogen concentration.” health,” concluded Rand. raw hamburgers. The 4-four-year- SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 711 News, continued old female ate wieners that were areas,” the paper says. Key to cause environmental problems, warmed on the same barbeque moving forward is responsible such as pesticides. grill as the hamburger patties and research, development, and Procedures that most nations then placed on the same plate that implementation of genetic mod¬ already have in place to approve had been used for the raw ham¬ ification (GM) technology for the use of new crop plants could burgers. widespread agricultural use. serve as the model for a more The ground beef sample The white paper was prepared formal risk-assessment process. obtained was positive for E. coli by a working group of members This process would be used to 0157:H7, phage type 14. All three from the Royal Society of London, investigate the potential environ¬ isolates had the same PFCiE pattern the national academies of science mental impact of new varieties, when both Xbal and Blnl were of Brazil, China, India, Mexico, including those that have been used. and the United States, and the developed using GM techniques, The investigation and culture Third World Academy of Sciences. the working group said. Most GM results suggest that E. coli Because agricultural biotechnology technology has not been devel¬ 0157;H7 contaminated ground has come under fire in recent oped with Third World needs in beef caused this outbreak of months, the working group mind. In fact, these techniques diarrheal illness. The outbreak was endeavored to produce a brief were developed primarily for small and self-contained, and report that clearly lays out the large-scale agriculture in the linked to improper food handling potential for GM technology to industrialized world — to make a techniques, specifically cross¬ assist developing countries, as well small number of major crops more contamination when cooked as the obstacles that stand in the resistant to certain insects or hamburgers and hot dogs were way of its widespread use. “The viruses. The working group urged placed on the same plate used to obvious concern is that the recent invigorated research and develop¬ carry raw ground beef. backlash against GM technology ment to address the special needs will completely overshadow all the of developing countries and to promise that the technology enhance the yield of lesser-known Seven Academies offers,” said Bruce Alberts, crops that serve as the basis for of Science Urge Action president of the IIS National their incomes and their food to Promote Use of Academy of Sciences and member supply; to modify crops so that of the working group. “Our group they confer greater nutritional Biotech in Alleviating concluded that the revolution in benefits to the consumer; to World Hunger, Poverty molecular biology provides the reduce the environmental impacts developing world with some of agriculture; and to increase even academies of science important new tools for feeding access to pharmaceuticals and from around the world, vaccines by producing them in including five from develop¬ and caring for its people. It will be foods. For example, using molecu¬ ing nations, issued a white paper critical to use the best science to lar techniques, researchers have spelling out the promise of agri¬ make wise choices with respect to produced vaccines in potatoes and cultural biotechnology to alleviate the application of these technolo¬ bananas that have the potential to hunger and poverty in the Third gies.” prevent certain infectious diseases World. The paper urges govern¬ The working group pointed in humans. Additionally, GM ments to base their decisions out the need for concerted, organized efforts on a global scale technology has the potential to regarding biotechnology on sound increase the yields of certain to quickly identify potential health science, and strongly encourages medicinal substances naturally and environmental risks from GM private corporations and research found in plants. But much of the crops. To that end, “public health institutions to share their technol¬ funding for agricultural research regulatory systems need to be put ogy' with scientists and farmers in in general and GM technology in developing countries who desper¬ in place in every country to particular has shifted from the ately need it. identify and monitor any potential public sector to private corpora¬ “It is essential that we improve adverse human health effects of tions in recent years, with an eye food production and distribution transgenic plants, as for any other toward creating profitable prod¬ in order to feed and free from new variety,” it said. Likewise, ucts. At the same time, public and hunger a growing world popula¬ environmental concerns must be noncommercial research efforts tion, while reducing environmen¬ addressed systematically and have, waned, a trend “that needs tal impacts and providing produc¬ assessed against the agricultural to be reversed,” the working group tive employment in low-income technologies currently in use that said. 712 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Public-sector funding for GM Illnesses Associated insecticide dispensers in the food research is critical for meeting preparation area. The insecticide specific needs — those of small- with Use of Automatic dispensers had been installed on scale farmers, for instance, where Insecticide Dispenser May 10, but it is unknown on what profits for big agricultural corpora¬ day the cook was first exposed. Units — Selected The cook removed the dispensers tions are unlikely to be forthcom¬ States and United on May 12 and noted relief of his ing. Governments, international States, 1986-1999 symptoms. organizations, and aid agencies However, the restaurant should encourage plant genomics no control indoor flying management reinstalled the research as an important area for insects, restaurants and dispensers on May 14, and on May public funding, and the results of other businesses commonly 15, a 40-year-old male customer such research should be placed use pyrethrin and pyrethroid developed headache and shortness in the public domain. “Care should insecticides sprayed from auto¬ of breath within 1 hour of entering be taken that research is not inhib¬ matic dispensing units. Usually the restaurant. These symptoms ited by over-protective intellectual placed near entrances, these units lasted approximately 4 hours. On property regimes,” the paper says. are designed to kill flying insects May 17, approximately 45 minutes In fact, when it comes to the in food service or work areas. On after leaving this restaurant, a needs of Third World farmers, the May 18, 1999, the Florida Depart¬ 47-year-old male customer experi¬ issue of intellectual property ment of Health (FDH) was notified enced a sharp burning sensation rights deserves special consider¬ by the Florida Department of in his left eye and noted swelling, redness, and irritation of the eyelid ation, the working group said. Business and Professional Regula¬ tion (DBPR) that during May 12- that persisted approximately 24 Today, private companies can 17, three persons developed hours. The implicated pesticide obtain plant varieties free from pesticide-related illnesses associ¬ dispenser was w ithin 6 feet of the farmers and from noncommercial ated with improperly placed booth where this customer had organizations, add a new gene, automatic insecticide dispensers. been sitting, and it faced his left and then sell these seeds back to After FDH conducted a follow-up eye. ITiis person reported his farmers with legal protections investigation and notified CDCUs symptoms to DBPR on May 18. against copying or reuse. “This National Institute for Occupational None of the three persons sought heavily concentrates advances in Safety and Health (NIOSH) of this medical attention for their symp¬ research within companies whose event, surveillance data were toms. The active ingredients legitimate search for profit natu¬ reviewed to identify additional released by these dispensers were rally fails to focus their research cases of pesticide-related illnesses pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide. Case 4. On August 20, 1995, on poverty and long-term associated with automatic insecti¬ a 17-year-old male restaurant empl¬ sustainability issues,” the paper cide dispensers. Data were pro¬ vided by the Toxic Exposure oyee in California was changing says. Poor farmers in developing Surveillance System (TESS), the the cartridge of an automatic countries must be allowed to save California Department of Pesticide insecticide dispenser. When he seed for future use if they wish to Regulation (CDPR), the Montana closed the dispenser panel, the do so. Moreover, an international Department of Agriculture (MDA), firing mechanism was activated advisory committee should be the National Pesticide Telecommu¬ and discharged a pyrethrin-cont- created to assess the interests of nications Network (NPTN), and aining mist into his right eye. The private companies and developing the Washington State Department employee immediately experi¬ countries with respect to trans¬ of Health (WSDH). This report enced burning in the eye and genic plants that can benefit the describes cases, summarizes promptly sought medical attention at the emergency department of a poor — not only to help resolve surveillance data for pesticide- local hospital. He w^as diagnosed intellectual property disputes, but related illnesses associated with with chemical conjunctivitis and also to identify areas of common automatic insecticide dispensers, and provides recommendations for treated symptomatically. interest and opportunities for safe dispenser use. TESS is maintained by the public-private partnerships. Cases 1-3. A 42-year-old cook American Association of Poison The white paper. Transgenic working at a Florida restaurant Control Centers and collects Plants and World Agriculture, is developed a sore throat, dyspnea, poisoning reports submitted by posted on the National Academy headache, and dizziness on May approximately 85% of US poison Press Web site at www. books, 12, 1999, after a several-hour control centers. A review of 'FESS nap. edu/html/transgenic. exposure to mist released from data from 1993 through 1996, the SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 713 News, continued most recent years for vvliieli data compared with those from the erly placed too close (i.e., <12 feet) are available, identified 54 cases of TESS database, and no overlap to food handling, dining, or work pesticide-related illnesses associ¬ with TESS data was found. Thirty- areas; were placed where ventila¬ ated with automatic insecticide five (81%) of these cases were in tion currents entrained the mist to dispensers; suicides and inten¬ persons exposed while at work, such areas; and/or were serviced tional misuse/abuse were ex¬ including seven whose exposure by persons unfamiliar with proper cluded. Among the 42 eases for occurred during dispenser car¬ maintenance of these units which specific age information tridge replacement or attempts to Among the 94 pyrethrin/ was available, the median age was service faulty dispensers. Seven piperonyl butoxide-exposed cases 22.5 years (range: 3-73 years). (16%) cases were in persons in the combined surveillance data, Among the 53 cases for which sex exposed while they were custom¬ signs and symptoms for 36 (38%) was known, 27 (50%) were male. ers in restaurants, and one was a involved the eye; 34 (36%), the neurologic system; 26 (28%), the Twenty (37%) eases were work- movie theater customer. For the 27 respiratory system; 23 (24%), the related. In all cases, pyrethrin/ with age data available, the median gastrointestinal system; 20 (21%), piperonyl butoxide was the age was 40 years (range: 17-68 the nose and throat; 10(11%), the responsible insecticide. years); for the 38 with information skin; and eight (9%), the cardiovas¬ on sex, 23 (61%) were women. During 19S6-1999, 43 eases of cular system. Some persons exper¬ acute pesticide-related illnesses Resmethrin, a pyrethroid ienced signs and symptoms in associated with automatic insecti¬ insecticide, was implicated in more than one system. Among the cide dispensers were reported to three cases; the remaining 4() were three resmethrin-exposed cases, CDPR (32 cases), MDA (four exposed to pyrethrin/piperonyl reported signs and symptoms eases), FDH (three eases), NFTN butoxide. Most insecticide dis¬ included pruritus, throat irritation, (two eases), and WSDH (two penser-related illnesses identified nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, head¬ eases). Age, sex, and state of in the non-TESS data oeeurred ache, burning sensation in the oeeurrenee for these cases were when the dispensers were improp¬ lungs, and cough. 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Other kit-based other industrial and biological identification methods rely on processes. much less information for identifi¬ (Columbus Instruments, cation. Columbus, OH I’his product not only provides powerful identification capability, Reader Service but also can be used for character¬ ization. With the current state of anaerobic taxonomy in develop¬ Anaerobe Identification Columbus Instruments ment, the MicroLog AN products Capabiiity from Bioiog, provide an invaluable toll for anaerobic microbiologists. Columbus Instruments’ Inc. The AN Databa.se can be iolog, Inc. has released the New Multi-Point Gas B added to existing MicroLog MicroLog™ AN Database and Systems or can be purchased along Analyzer AN MicroPlate™ for identification with the MicroLog System. The AN olumbus Instruments’ new of anerobic bacteria. With this C MicroPlates and consumables are Gas Analyzer Model 180°C product laboratories now have the available in a conveniently pre¬ allows automatic and periodic capability to identify a wide pared and pre-redticed format that measurements of multiple gases variety of anaerobic bacteria. is ready to use. The format facili¬ (0„ CO„ CO, NO,, H^S) rite Biolog AN Database tates the rapid identification of in 1 to 128 sampling points (sites). provides the capability to identify anaerobic bacteria. This fully computerized system is over 350 species of bacteria, far Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA provided with software, gas beyond any other kit-based sampling pump, and pneumatic anaerobic identification product. No. 296 multi-point multiplexer allowing Additionally the MicroLog AN gas sampling from multiple points. Database provides anaerobic The user can select gas analyzers, identification and characterization The New LCI-400 LN gas ranges, and the number of capabilities that previously were Dosing System from VBS sampling points for creation of a not readily available to most Industries is Affordable, custom system. The software microbiologists. allows programming of the dwell As with other Biolog Micro- Compact, High Precision Plates™, the AN MicroPlate per¬ time for each source point and the forms 95 discrete tests simulta¬ VBS Industries introduces the frequency of scanning. Data can neously. The chemistry used in LCI-40(), a dramatically be printed, graphed, or stored on the AN MicroPlate is the same simplified liquid nitrogen (LN,) the hard drive of an attached PC. patented rodox chemistry used injection system. With the LCI- Measurements are provided in STP in other Biolog MicroPlates. The 400’s rotatable dosing head, (Standard Temperature and patterns created are metabolic flexible dosing arm and extremely Pressure). fingerprints of the organism being compact design, installation and Applications range from identified. The vast number of operation are easy. A typical monitoring metabolism of animals, reaction patterns from a single installation takes less than one fermentation processes, landfill MicroPlate allows the System hour, which adjusting the system The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the products or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the manufacturer of said articles and products. SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitalian 715 The miniature transmitters of for a new container size takes only pressure to counteract the vacuum the Model 2100 System are de¬ a few minutes. A unique recirculat¬ and sub.sequent paneling effects signed for shafts up to 42” in ing design and an internal purging created when a hot product cools diameter, rotating up to 12,000 device ensure that a precise, in a sealed container. Hot-filled RPM. The system is rugged enough accurate dose of LN, will be (185°F/85°D) tomato sauce, edible for high vibration environments delivered every time a container oils, dessert syrups and coffee and performs in temperatures as is detected regardless of the time concentrates have all been suc¬ cessfully packaged in plastic PET high as 125°C. A patented CAT elapsed between containers. containers using the LCl-4()0. (Calibrate Any Time) technology Temporary line stoppages do not VBS Industries, Campbell, CA completes the package for the affect the performance of this reliable wireless data system. equipment. The LCl-4()() can No. 297 Wireless Data Corporation, accommodate line speeds up to Columbus, OH 400 containers per minute. Doses can be .set anywhere from 0.01 g No. 298 per second to 20 g per second, and the L(4-400’s advanced electronics alU)w the operator to Detex" System MC-18 for fine tune dosing parameters with £. (7(1//0157 Including H7 just a touch of a button. VBS evacuates and seals the Test Kit Granted Perfor¬ L(;i-400 at the factory. Vacuum mance Tested Methods^'*' insulation eliminates all moisture Status condensation, minimizing the risk of any product contamination. No The AOAC Research Institute on-site vacuum pump is needed for granted Performance Tested the 1X4-400 .system, reducing Methods'" status to the Detex™ preventive maintenance require¬ System MC-18 tor E. coli 0157 ments and associated downtime. including H7 test kit. Independent The IX]l-400 system can deliver testing under the direction of the 2 million doses before the first AOAC Research Institute verified performance claims of 98% scheduled preventive mainte¬ sensitivity, 90% specificity, and nance, and has only minimal 96% accuracy. The overall method utility requirements including a Wireless Data Corporatian agreement between the Detex™ LN, .source such as a dewar or a assay and the USDA Food Safety plant piping system, a standard Wireless Sensor System and Inspection Service (FSIS) electrical source, and regulated method was 96%. These data compres.sed air. The Model 2100 from Wireless indicate that the Detex™ method “The LCI’s pressurizing Data Corporation collects up is comparable to the USDA/FSIS capabilities are revolutionizing the to 10 distinct channels of wireless method for detection of E. coli packaging industry,” says Cheryl data from sensors mounted on 0157 in raw, ground beef and raw, Thierfelder, marketing manager of rotating shaft installations. There ground poultry. VBS Industries. “Cx)ntainer pressur¬ are no physical connections The Detex™ system combines ization has long been used to between the transmitter and a unique signaling procedure with increa.se aluminum can rigidity receiver and no need to cut or a modern immunaoassay capture and strength for warehouse modify the rotating device. This technique to distinguish the stacking purposes. By pressurizing means quick, easy installation and presence or absence of food thin-walled plastic containers, the pathogens in enriched samples. extremely high reliability. The LCl-400 opens a new door to The MC-18 system is designed to Model 2100 measurement system alternative cost-effective packaging simultaneously assay up to 27 delivers stable, wide bandwidth solutions.” samples at a time, and allows the LN, pressurization is also used data from dc to 1000 Hz, with analyst to test for multiple patho¬ to prevent paneling of pla.stic high .sensitivity for low strain gage gens at the same time (only the containers in hot-fill applications. outputs. The system uses an 8 pole E. coli 0157 including H7 system A do.se of LN, will add enough filter to insure clean data. was reviewed and approved by the 716 Dairy, food and Environnrentol Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 AOAC Research Institute). Approxi¬ sample screening. The push-and- objectives, and the Atto ,\rc 11 mately 4 hours is required to cHck filter changer makes a filter transformer with variable light analyze properly incubated, selection quick and easy, and intensity. enriched samples. Except for an without any tools. The filter G.arl Zeiss, Inc., Thorn wood, enrichment step, the process is sequence can be matched to the NY fully automated within the MC-18 appropriate sequence of the machine and results are objective, No. 300 experiment within seconds. requiring no user interpretation. A new reflected light fluores¬ ITie system is also self-cleaning cence beam path provides im¬ since the cartridges are self- contained within the MC-18 proved light transmission. An system. achromatically corrected collector Wallace Andrews (Division of ensures homogeneous illumination Microbiological Studies, US FDA, of the specimen in multi-fluores¬ Washington, D.C., USA); Ann cence. There is no need to refocus Draughon (University of Tennes¬ even after a filter change. see, Food Science and Technology, Axioplan 2 Imaging is ex¬ Knoxville, TN, USA); and Richard tremely easy to use. The Axio Wilson (formerly Penn State VisionControl software controls all University, University Park, PA, microscope functions. Microscope USA) served as expert reviewers settings can be activated at the for the evaluation of the Detex™ push of a button. MC-18 system forF'. coli 0157 Axioplan 2 Imaging is offered including H7. The Silliker Labora¬ together with the AxioVision tories Corporate Research Labora¬ software making it a complete tory in South Holland, Chicago, IL digital microscopy system. The USA participated as the indepen¬ AxioVision software enables easy Nuclear Associates dent laboratory. digital image acquisition through a AOAC Research Institute, variety of cameras, from standard Nuclear Associates’ Gaithersburg, MD video cameras to high-resolution New Multipurpose 3-ln-1 No. 299 integrated digital cameras. The MiniMonitor III Survey digital images can be optimized in contrast, brightness and color. Meter System Axioplan 2 Imaging from Text and graphics can be added as Nuclear As.sociates, well Carl Zeiss required. The images and all of the known throughout the microscope parameters are industry for its fine quality assur¬ Carl Zeiss introduces the managed in an image archive and ance products brings its all new Axioplan 2 Imaging research are always available for further MiniMonitor III, the latest in microscope optimized for FISH processing or communication survey meter .systems. Its 3-in-l and M-FISH examinations in through modern media. For more capability allows it to do the work genetics, and for multi-channel complex applications, a variety of of 2 to 3 units. fluorescence applications with the software packages are offered The MiniMonitor Ill is: an various mutants of GFP in develop¬ such as 3D Deconvolution, Multi¬ X-Ray/(iamma Ray Survey Meter, mental and cell biology. channel Imaging, and Time Lapse. ‘small, lightweight, rugged, ‘wide A completely new fluores¬ Special software, such as for FISH energy response (50 keV - 6 MeV) cence system allows eight differ¬ and M-FISH techniques, is available ‘portable, easy-to-use, ‘versatile- ent fluorescence images to be from partner companies also ideal for a wide range of nuclear recorded manually or automati¬ controls all microscope functions. medicine and radiology applica¬ cally controlled by computer. New, Additional benefits of the tions. patented “Light Trap” system that Axioplan 2 Imaging include a MiniMonitor III, with its captures stray light markedly height-adjustable mechanical stage internal GM tube is the ideal improves contrast and increases control in an improved ergonomic survey meter for detecting radia¬ detection sensitivity in fluores¬ design, the zoom intermediate tion levels from radioactive cence microscopy. An 8-position tube for continuous magnification sources, radiation areas, Tc-99m filter turret with an unrestricted change, the DIG slider for the Plan- generators and x-ray machines. field of 25 mm saves time during Apo lOX and Plan-Apo 20X Its wide-energy response offers SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmenlol Sanitation 717 IndustryProducts, continued versatility for use in a multitude of The MiniMonitor 111 operates FT-IR Purge Gas Generator now nuclear medicine and radiology on four standard “A A” cells. All available from Watman Inc. applications. controls are located on the face of Whatman Balston FT-IR Purge An 1-12S “Seed Finder” Survey the instrument. A flashing yellow Gas Generators are specifically Meter: this compact, sensitive LED will indicate changes in the designed for use with FT-IR field strength in proportion to the instrument is excellent for locating Spectrometers to provide a 1-125 seeds that may drop or be radiation level. In addition, it purified purge gas and air bearing misplaced during a procedure. signals that the instrument is gas utilizing standard compressed It also can be used as a general “ON.” The indicator flashes for reponse survey meter for radiation each detector pulse. A no-overload air. impurities such as water vapor detection in the lab. An optional circuit assures indicator operation and carbon dioxide are effectively external Pancake Detector is in radiation fields greater than 500 removed to -100°F pressure dew required when using the Mini- R/h when the detector ceases to point and less than 1 ppm respec¬ Monitor 111 as a “seed finder.” it operate in pulse mode. tively. The Generators completely is designed to detect Alpha, Beta Nuclear Associates, Garle eliminate the hazards, inconve¬ and (iamma radioactive cont¬ Place, NY nience and high costs of nitrogen aminations as low as ().()()2 gC'i. No. 301 Dewars and cylinders, and signifi¬ A C'ontamination Survey cantly reduces the costs of operat¬ Meter, ’versatile, ’easy-to-use and ing FF-IR instruments. Typical ’sensitive, ’compact, ’can be used payback is less than one year! as a general purpose lab monitor. Whatman® Balston® Gas Its optional large area GM Generators Designed to Models are available with flow Pancake Detector with a thin Produce Ultra Dry, Purified capacities ranging from 3-1 1pm window permits direct contact to 102 1pm. The compact wall- measurements on surfaces, as well CD.-Free Purge Gas for FT- mountable design of the Genera¬ as on hands, clothing, shoes, etc. IR Spectrometers tors allow users to free-up valuable Its wide-energy’ reponse (50 keV to laboratory floor space. angerous and hazardous 6 Mev), offers versatility for use in D Whatman Inc., Tewksbury, cylinders of gas used to purge a multitude of applications. Detects MA contamination levels as low as FT-IR instruments can now be re¬ 0.002 gCi. placed with a Whatman Balston No. 302 Don't miss a single issue, please notify us In Memory of... as soon as possible. Send your address changes to: Julie Cattanach Ned Rice lAFP Brandywine, Maryland 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W Des Moines, lA 50322-2863 or call 800.369.6337; I AFP would like to extend our 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655; deepest sympathy to the family E-mail: [email protected] and friends of Ned Rice who Send your old mailing label and recently passed away. new address; please allow 6 weeks for the change to take effect. Thank you for keeping your membership current. ! 718 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 THANKS TO THE FOLLOWING nternat onal Association for INDIVIDUALS FOR THEIR Food Protection SUPPORT OF THE ASSOCIATION FOUNDATION FUND ♦ Hamza Abu-Tarboush ♦ Archie Holliday ♦ Mary A. Kegel ♦ Ulf Ahlin ♦ William Huntley ♦ Suzanne Kidder ♦ Moray Anderson ♦ Kellie Jackson ♦ Anna M. Lammerding ♦ Henry V. Atherton ♦ LeeAnne Jackson ♦ Frank P. Leonardo ♦ Jamal Bakhsh ♦ Gary P. Jansen ♦ Doug Lorton ♦ Jim Bail ♦ Dong K. Jeong ♦ Ernst Luecker ♦ Vicky Benesch ♦ Beth M. Johnson ♦ Sharon Mammel ♦ Robert E. Brackett ♦ JohnJohnson ♦ Bob T. Marshall ♦ Michael W. Brennan ♦ Shelagh McDonagh ♦ Robert W. Brooks ♦ Jun Nishibu ♦ Christine Bruhn $100,000 ♦ Karl E. Olson ♦ John C. Bruhn ♦ Uito Palazzolo ♦ Barbara Cassens in 2000 ♦ Anthony T. Pavel Constantinos Piroccas ♦ John Cerveny ♦ ♦ Charles Price ♦ Donna Christensen ♦ James F. Price ♦ C. Dee Clingman ♦ Kenneth R. Priest ♦ Dean O. Cliver ♦ Anne Quilter Goldstein ♦ O. D. (Pete) Cook ♦ Ely P. Ramos ♦ Angela Cummings ♦ Danny Ripley Graciela L. DeAntoni ♦ ♦ Ruth Ann Rose-Morrow ♦ Dennis E. Decker ♦ Allen R. Sayler ♦ R. H. Deibel ♦ Jenny Scott ♦ J. Desmedt ♦ Manan Sharma ♦ Francisco Diez ♦ Gary W. Sherlaw ♦ Michael P. Doyle ♦ Isao Shibasaki ♦ P. R. Elliker ♦ Gaylord B. Smith ♦ Dan Erickson ♦ Joseph M. Smucker ♦ Albert Espinoza ♦ Michael Soulek ♦ Rhonda L. Ezell ♦ Nikolaos D. Soultos ♦ Steven R. Ferreira ♦ Hiroshi Takahashi ♦ Scott J. Fritschel ♦ Nobumasa Tanaka ♦ Ruth G. Fuqua ♦ David W. Tharp ♦ Jock Gibson ♦ Donald W. Thayer ♦ Ronald H. Gough ♦ Debbie Thompson ♦ Jack Guzewich ♦ Ken Tometsko ♦ Paul A. Hall ♦ Fred Weber ♦ Linda J. Harris ♦ Dennis Westhoff ♦ Michael Harris ♦ Debra K. Williams ♦ Harry Haverland ♦ Kathy Willis ♦ Amy Heiden ♦ Earl O. Wright ♦ Virginia N. Hillers ♦ Mizuo Yajima ♦ George P. Hoik ♦ Shigeki Yamamoto ♦ California Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians ♦ Wisconsin Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians The above list represents individual contributors to the Association Foundation Fund during the period June 1, 1999 through June 30, 2000. In addition, a portion of the Sustaining Member dues are allocated to support this Fund. Your contribution is welcome. Call the Association office at 800.369.6337 or 515.276.3344 for more information on how you can support the Foundation. SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 719 Thoughts on Today's Food Safety Continued from page 732 estimated 13,000 people were infected, and the not form colonies on artificial growth media, and Ogose, Japan 1996 outbreak in which around 9,000 can not be multiplied within a sample by the addi¬ cases occurred. The presence of parasitic protozoa tion of such media. They may be present in low poses a major problem for the water industry, since numbers within contaminated food or water, and they are resistant to standard disinfection proce¬ considerable concentration of a sample must be dures (Smith et al., 1995). (]hlorination is not very performed before any cysts or oocysts it contains effective against Giardia, and completely ineffective can be delivered to detection systems, which against Cryptosporidium. Filtration is of most use, normally operate on low sample volumes. Currently, although breakthrough may occur if the filter detection mainly involves microscopy, in which becomes clogged. Ultraviolet light has proven to be specifically stained cells are identified and counted effective, but its use is not yet widespread. Legisla¬ directly. The accuracy of this can often depend tion is in force in several countries which imposes upon the visual acuity of the microscopist, and stringent limitations on the number of parasitic objects resembling parasite cells can interfere with protozoa which may be present in water distributed the reliability of the identification. More rapid and for consumption, and this should encourage the precise detection may be possible through the use development of more effective disinfection proce¬ of modern molecular-based techniques such as the dures. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nucleic acid There have been many recorded foodborne sequence-based amplification (NASBA). Further outbreaks of giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and refinement of such techniques will however be cyclosporiasis (Rose and Slifko, 1999). The foods necessary before they can be applied to the routine most commonly implicated are those which are analysis of food and water. Nonetheless, much work minimally processed before consumption, such as is currently underway in several countries with the fresh fruit and vegetables. Cyclospora cayetanensis intention of producing robust methods for monitor¬ has been the cause of several prominent outbreaks ing food, water, clinical and environmental samples of infection in recent years in North America. In for the presence of parasitic protozoa. These detec¬ 1996 and 1997 more than 2,000 cases of cyclos¬ tion methods, alongside effective legislatory controls poriasis were recorded in the US and Canada, in and increased consumer awareness, should help to which imported, Guatemalan raspberries were minize the threat that these emerging pathogens implicated as the source. In spring of 1998, the US pose to our food and water supply. Food and Drug Administration temporarily banned importation of fresh Guatemalan raspberries. REFERENCES Canada did not halt importation, and linked out¬ 1. Garcia, L. S., and D. A. S. Bruckner. (Eds.) (1988). Diagnostic breaks occurred in May 1998 affecting about 200 Medical Parasitology. Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New York. people; a ban has recently been enforced. The crisis 2. Jaykus, L. -A. (1997). Epidemiology and detection as options has forced Guatemalan growers to close more than for control of viral and parasitic foodborne disea.se. Emerging 30 farms, with many job losses. Infectious Diseases [serial online] 3 (4). Available from Prevention of parasitic disease outbreaks will be WWW. cdc. gov/ncidod/ El D/eid. ht m. 3. Rose,J. B., and T. R. Slifko. (1999). Giardia, Cryptosporidium aided by monitoring water and foodstuffs for the and Cyclospora and their impact on foods; a review. Jour, of presence of the agents (Jaykus, 1997). However, Food Protect. 62 1059-1070. detecting them is not straightforward. Parasitic 4. Smith, H. V., L. J. Robertson, and J. E. Ongerth. (1995). protozoa do not visibly manifest their presence by Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis: the impact of waterborne growth in, or spoilage of, water or foods. They do transmission. Journal of Water SRT — Aqua 44 258-274. 720 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation SEPTEMBER 2000 ComingEvents OCTOBER •12-13, HACCP Workshop, or phone: 519.821.1246; fax: 519. Industry, CA. For additional infor¬ • 2-3, International Fresh-cut j ' 836.1281; E-mail: [email protected]. mation, contact A IB, 1213 Bakers Produce Association (IFPA) 8th ’ ! • 8-10, International Life Sci- Way, P.O. Box 3999, Manhattan, KS Annual Technical Seminar, “Bio- ^ i ences Institute (ILSI) Europe 2nd 66505-3999; phone: 785.537.4750; technology: Friend or Foe?” | I International Symposium on fax: 785.537.1493. Food Packaging—Ensuring the iMonterey Marriott, Monterey, CA. j • 23-25, The 2000 New Mexico For further information, contact | Safety and Quality of Foods, Environmental Health Confer¬ Vienna, Austria. For more informa- Stephanie Grunenfelder at 703. i ence, Albuquerque Convention j tion, contact ILSI Europe, Avenue E. 299.6282. j Center, Albuquerque, NM. For addi¬ iMounier, 83-Box 6-B, 1200 Brussels, •4-5, Iowa Assn, of Milk, | tional information, contact Tom Belgium, or phone: 32.2.771.00.14; Food & Environmental Sanitar- j Duker, P.O. Box 27176, Albuquer¬ I fax: 32.2.762.00.44; E-mail: Packa- ians, Inc., Best Western Starlight j que, NM 87125-7176; phone: 505. j [email protected]. Hotel, Ames, lA. For additional in- j 924.3667; fax: 505.924.3684; E-mail: formation, contact Monica Streicher i [email protected]. j •8-10, Servsafe' for the Retail at 319 933.4521, ext. 222. i • 24, Recalls—Are You Really and Food Service Sector, Guelph, • 5-6, Alherta Assn, of Milk, Prepared? 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. I Ontario, Canada. For more details, Food & Environmental Sanitar¬ Holiday Inn Downtown, Sacramento, j contact Marlene Inglis, Guelph Food ians Meeting, Bernard Schnell Hall, | CA. Sponsored by the University of j Technology Centre at 519.836.1246; University of Alberta in Edmonton, | California-Davis and the California 1 fax: 519.821.1281; E-mail: gftc@ Alberta, Canada. For additional in- [ Department of Health Services. For I uoguelph.ca. formation, contact Bonnie Jensen at registration information, call 800. i • 12, lAFP Workshop, Latin 780.495.2188. j 752.0881; Web site: www.univer- American Workshop on Safety of Exported Produce, Guadalajara •9-11, Eighth International ! sity extension.ucdavis.edu. I Mission Carlton Hotel, Guadalajara, Symposium on Animal, Agricul- ' •24-25, Michigan Environ¬ Mexico. Watch our Web site at tural and Food Processing mental Health Association’s www.foodprotection.org for more Wastes (ISAAFPW), Marriott Con¬ (MEH A) Annual Food Protection information. ference Center, Des Moines, lA. Conference, Amway Grand Hotel, •12-16, American Public Grand Rapids, MI. For additional in¬ Co-sponsored by lAFP. For addi¬ I Health Association’s 128th An¬ formation, contact Diane L. Forys, tional information, phone Brenda nual Meeting, Boston, MA. For Food Protection Conference Chair¬ West at 800.371.2723. more information, phone: 202.777. person, (MEH A) at 810.987.5306 or • 11-12, Associated Illinois ! I 2470; fax: 202.777.2531; E-mail: Milk, Food & Environmental j fax: 810.985.2150. ' [email protected]. Sanitarians, Stoney Creek Inn, East • 31, North Dakota Environ¬ • 13-16, Pacific Congress on Peoria, IL. For additional informa- | mental Health Association An¬ I Milk Quality and Mastitis Con- tion, contact Tom Gruetzmacher at , nual Conference,Grand Forks j trol, Nagano, Japan. Co-sponsored 815.395.8797. Holiday Inn, Grand Forks, ND. For by I AFP. For additional information, • 11-13, Second NSF Interna- | additional information, contact I contact Secretariat for PC2000, tional Conference on Food i Debra Larson at 701.328.1292. I Philpot and Associates International, Safety: Preventing Foodhorne P.O. Box 120, Homer, LA 71040; j phone: 318.927.2388; fax: 318.927. Illness through Science and Edu¬ NOVEMBER 3133; E-mail: philpot@homerla. cation. The conference will be held | •6-7, HACCP 1: Document¬ com. in Savannah, GA at the Hyatt Re- | ing Your HACCP Prerequisite •15-17, IFT’s International gency. Co-sponsored by I AFP and Program, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Food Safety and Quality Confer- other organizations. For additional For additional information, contact I ence and Expo, Orange County information, contact Wendy Raeder Marlene Inglis, Guelph Food Tech¬ I Convention Center, Orlando, FL. For at 734.827.6888; fax: 734.827. nology Centre, 88 McGilvray St., j additional information, call 312.782. 7114/6831; E-mail: [email protected]. I Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1 ' 8424. SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 721 • 16-17, Alabama Association •30, HACCP: An Executive ence Secretariat, 12 Church St., West for Food Protection Annual Summary, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Hanney, Wantage, Oxon 0X12 OLN, Meeting. For additional informa¬ For more details, contact Marlene UK; Phone 44.01235.868811. Fax: tion, contact Patricia Lindsey at Inglis, Guelph Food Technology 44.01235.868811; E-mail: p.orme® diaLpipex.com. 256.734.0243. Centre at 519.821.1246; fax: 519. •4-6, InterBev 2000, Morial • 21-23, Second National On- 836.1281; E-mail: [email protected]. Convention Center, New Orleans, Farm Food Safety and Quality DECEMBER LA. For more information call Joe Assurance Conference, Novotel Nemchek at 203.840.5949. Launceston, Tasmania. For more in¬ • 4-5, Food Safety Objectives: • 13-14, HACCP IV; Train the formation, contact Tasmanian Qual¬ Public Health, HACCP and Sci¬ Trainer, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. ity Assured Inc., P.O. Box 193, ence Conference, Georgetown For more details, contact Marlene Launceston 7250, Tasmania; phone: University, Washington, D.C. For Inglis, Guelph Food Technology 03.6331.6377; fax: 03.6331.4344; further information, contact Centre at 519.821.1246; fax: 519. E-mail: [email protected]. Phillipa Orme, FSO 2000 Confer¬ 836.1281; E-mail: [email protected]. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W International Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Formerly lAMFES Web site: wfww.foodprotection.org Reader Service Card DFES September ‘00 Expires: December 31, 2000 (International expiration: March 31, 2(X)1) Name_ Title 3 = E o Company_ u o C o Addres.s_ City_State/Prov. Country_ Zip/Postal Code D. C Phone Number_ 100 115 130 145 161 175 190 205 220 235 250 265 280 295 310 325 340 101 116 131 146 162 176 191 206 221 236 251 266 281 2% 311 326 341 102 117 132 147 163 177 192 207 222 237 252 267 282 297 312 327 342 103 118 133 148 164 178 193 208 223 238 253 268 283 298 313 328 343 104 119 134 149 165 179 194 209 224 239 254 269 284 299 314 329 344 105 120 135 150 166 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 106 121 136 151 167 181 196 211 226 241 256 271 286 301 316 331 346 •2 c 107 122 137 152 168 182 197 212 227 242 257 272 287 302 317 332 347 E 2 108 123 138 153 169 183 198 213 228 243 258 273 288 303 318 333 348 ,o a 109 124 139 154 170 184 199 214 229 244 259 274 289 304 319 334 349 110 125 140 155 171 185 200 215 230 245 260 275 290 305 320 335 350 111 126 141 156 172 186 201 216 231 246 261 276 291 306 321 336 U- < 112 127 142 157 172 187 202 217 232 247 262 277 292 307 322 337 113 128 143 158 173 188 203 218 233 248 263 278 293 308 323 338 114 129 144 160 174 189 204 219 234 249 264 279 294 309 324 339 1 722 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - SEPTEMBER 2000 CareeiServicesSection Corporate Director of Microbiology Taylor Farms Career Opportunities Silliker Laboratories, the global leader in Taylor Farms, a leading manufacturer of food microbiology and chemistry testing, quality fresh-cut produce is seeking qualified education and consulting, has an opening for a candidates for the following positions: Corporate Director of Microbiology. Responsi¬ bilities include; providing technical direction to SANITATION SUPERVISOR: to lead a 3rd all Silliker microbiology personnel, coordinat¬ shift (10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.), 8-person ing corporate efforts related to quality systems, Sanitation Crew. Requires previous experience managing projects within the area of expertise in food processing/sanitation. Bi-Iingual and providing consulting services to clients as English/Spanish preferred. needed. Applicants must have an advanced degree (Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiology or QUALITY ASSURANCE TECHNICIAN: for Food Science with a strong emphasis in micro¬ lst/2nd shift rotation. Requires previous biology and a minimum of five years of food experience in food processing and micro¬ testing industry experience. Professional level biology. Bi lingual English/Spanish preferred. written and oral communication skills are We offer a competitive salary and benefits required. Position is located in Chicago including Health, Dental, Vacation, 40IK, and Heights, IL. a drug-free workplace. We are an Equal Oppor¬ Interested individuals should send resume tunity Employer. and salary requirements to Human Resources, Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., 900 Maple Mail or fax resume to: Road, Homewood, IL 60430; Phone (708) 957-7878; Fax (708) 957-3798; e-mail: human. Taylor Farms [email protected] Human Resources 7492 Chancellor Drive Equal Opportunity Employer M/F Orlando, FL 32809 Fax: 407.816.8175 International Association for Food Protection Sr. Research Associate IS Pl.EASED TO OFFER YOU THE Food Safety/Microbiology CAREER SERVICES SECTION FOR The Food Safety/Microbiology Department of Campbell Soup has an opening for a Sr. Research Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation Associate. The successful candidate will possess Special rates for this section will provide a cost-effective strong oral/written communication skills; the ability means for those seeking employment by offering career services and advertising positions available. to design experiments and correctly interpret data/ We invite you to advertise in two issues at no charge to findings, and the ability to work independently while your organization (up to I column by 2"space). Larger space managing multiple projects/priorities. Candidate sizes are also available to which an appropriate discount would be must have a Masters in Food Microbiology or Food applied. Science with 2-i- years laboratory experience. Ads appearing in DFES will be posted on the Association Web site at ww w.foodprotection.org at no General knowledge of microbial risk and testing additional cost. requirements for food products is beneficial. Work Call now for your COMPLIMENTARY INSERTIONS. experience in a food processing lab, QA or opera¬ Contact: tions is a plus. Travel expectancy is 10-15%. Dave Larson Contact: Suzanne Tortorelli; E-mail: suzanne_ Phone: 515.987.1359; Fax: 515.987.2003 [email protected]; Fax: 856-968-2888. E-mail: larson6(^earthlink.net SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 723 Director of the University’s Center FOOD PROTECTION PROGRAM MANAGER for Animal Health and Food Safety Boise, Idaho The College of Veterinarv' Medicine, University of Minnesota is seeking an outstanding individual to fill the Want a great lifestyle? Boise is in the heart of the position of Director of the University's Center for Animal Pacific Northwest. It’s a growing community with Health and Food Safety. This will be a 12-month, 100% time, friendly folks, great amenities and easy access to world annually renewable administrative appointment. The individual class Whitewater rafting, skiing, fishing, hunting, will also hold a faculty appointment in one of the academic departments of the College, rank and appointment type camping, snowmobiling and other outdoor activities. dependent on qualifications and experience consistent with Boise is the headquarters for eight major inter¬ collegiate and University policy. The Center has been newly national corporations. Great schools, roads, clean air and created based on substantial continuing funding from the State water, safe communities, parks, reasonable cost housing of Minnesota and is dedicated to improving the safety of food and numerous job opportunities. from animals. The successful candidate will have the challenge Idaho has some of the most diverse geography in of assembling a team of people (existing and new faculty with the country, from desert sand dunes to fertile farm land the college and greater university and collaborators from the private and government sectors) who will have a significant to alpine lakes and granite peaks. impact on safety and wholcsomeness of food from animals. The Director will have budget authority for the Center with the Position: Manage Idaho’s Food Protection Program; advice of an advisory committee and will report to the Dean of develop and implement food protection regulations, the College. guidelines, and strategies for food safety and sanitation; Candidates must have the following qualifications; DVM, manage statewide compliance audits, budget and VMD, or equivalent foreign veterinary degree or other advan¬ contraets. ced degree relating to food safety and public health (i.e. MPH, PhD, MD) is required. Candidates must qualify for Assistant, Associate, or Full Professor rank within one of the academic Desirable Background: Related bachelor’s degree or departments of the College of Veterinary Medicine. Excellent relevant upper division college courses or professional communication skills along with abilities and enthusiasm for seminars on food safety and at least five years food developing and implementing public communication programs. safety related management experience. Leadership skills and demonstrated experience in managing multi-faceted programs. The position requires an aptitude for Salary: $45,000 - $50,000 per year depending on building an atmosphere of teamwork among a group of individually accomplished, highly motivated people. Clear experience. vision of the importance of food safety throughout the total food For Information & Application Contact: chain, the contributions that a university can make in assuring Send a resume and cover letter to: Russell Duke, Idaho the quality of animal food, and the potential role for the veterinary profession relative to food safety in food animal Division of Health, 450 West State Street, Boise, Idaho production. National and/or international stature in food safety 83720; Fax; (208) 334-6581; Ph; (208) 334-0606 or programs development, research, education, and/or implement¬ e-mail: dukcri^idhw.state.id.us ation. Demonstrated understanding of the complex mix of constituencies and market forces at play in implementing food Application Deadline: Immediate consideration and safety at an industry-wide level. Preference given to candidates position open until filled. with a combination of medical and research training and/or experience in administration, program development, budget IDAHO DEPARTMENT OE HEALTH control, and program leadership. AND WELFARE Salary, rank and appointment type dependent upon EEO/AA qualifications and experience. Applicants must submit a cover letter outlining qualifica¬ tions and vision for the position, a curriculum vitae, names, addresses, and phone numbers of three professional referenees. Applications will be reviewed beginning September 1,2000 and continuing until the position is filled. Please send applica¬ tion materials to: Dv. John Felrow, Search Committee Chair, College of I eterinaiy Medicine, University of Minnesota. 1365 Gortner Are.. St. Paid. MN 55108. Inquiries are encouarged hy contacting Dr. Fetrow at: [email protected]. 612-625- 3 776. The I niversity of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. 724 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 Welch’s, the world’s leading marketer of Technical Applications Specialist Concord grape and other fruit-based products, has immediate openings for a Quality Specialist Nordic Sensor Technologies, a leading chemical and a Senior Quality Specialist at our Technology sensor technology corporation is expanding its US Center in Billerica, Massachusetts. operations. The Company's current product line represents the latest generation in multi-sensor 'Electronic-Nose' technology incorporating the most QUAUTY SPECIAUST advanced emission pattern recognition software Responsible for quality systems, sanitation available for raw material, in-process, and finished and process capability audits of potential and product quality monitoring for industrial applications. existing co-packers, licensees and suppliers with This cutting-edge technology company is seeking a major focus in the fresh fruit business. Develops to fill the position of Technical Applications Specialist — and issues quality specifications and procedures. a key position that works closely with the Sales Provides Corporate Quality technical oversight department in customer training, applications and support of co-packers, licensees and supplies. development, instrument installation, and general technical support. BS required (MS or Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiol¬ In addition, this position is actively involved with ogy, Food Science, Chemistry or related science new applications development and acting as a liaison with 2+ years of related work experience. Strong between R&D, Marketing, and Sales/Customer Service. technical competence along with demonstrated Requirements include extensive travel (20%-50%), ability to champion quality policies, objectives exceptional verbal and written communication skills, and initiatives within a focuses area of responsi¬ strong desire/experience with training/instruction of bility are required. Travel is estimated at 50-75%. personnel/customers. Familiarity/experience with GC, This position is located at our Technology Center MS, HPLC, NIR, and other common laboratory in Billerica, Massachusetts. (TECHNOLOGY instrumentation. CENTER) BS, MS, or PhD in life science-related degree; biology, chemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, etc. Minimum 5 years experience in analytical SENIOR QUAUTY SPECIALIST instrument field technical support or analytical Responsible for technical oversight of various laboratory experience. business and operations functions. Develop and Previous industrial quality assurance lab exposure/ implement Quality policies and procedures experience is desirable. across the corporation. Provides leadership in While the ideal candidate will have come from an executing quality system improvements through¬ existing technical support background, individuals out the organization. Recommends strategic working in a laboratory environment (industrial, research, academic, medical) who are looking for a technical direction to management. BS required move out of the lab, are encouraged to apply. (MS or Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiology, Food Science, Chemistry, Engineering or related Contact- science with 6+ years of experience in Corporate Strategic Consulting, Inc. and Plant Quality management. Demonstrated Ph: 207-885-1360 technical ability along with solid project manage¬ Fax: 207-883-9187 E-mail: [email protected] ment and leadership skills required. This posi¬ tion is located at our Technology Center in Billerica, Massachusetts. SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 725 nternational Association for abstract ^upplEmtnt Food Protection to the Journal of JFood prottetion 2001 annual Urtting abstracts Name__ Job Title_ Company Name. Address_ City __ _ State or Province_ Country_ _ Postal/Zip Code__ Telephone #_ _ Fox#__ US FUNDS on US BANK Quantity _@ $25.00 each (includes shipping and handling) METHOD OF PAYMENT Total Payment- □ CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ENCLOSED Mail Entire Form to: MASTERCARD VISA AMERICAN EXPRESS lAFP □ □ □ 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA or Credit Card Orders: Exp. Date_ Fax: 515.276.8655 E-mail: [email protected] SIGNATURE. 726 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 The Eighth International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes (ISAAFPW 2000) OCTOBER 9-OCTOBER 11, 2000 Des Moines, Iowa Sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers This ASAE conference and exhibition will concentrate on managing wastes and nutrients from agricultural production and food processing, including treatment processes and utilization, and environmental impacts, particularly to land water. Phone 800-371-2723 or Email: http://asae.org Visit the 3-A Web site at WWW. 3-A. org International Association of Spanish. Users can choose to have Food Industry Suppliers (lAFIS) printed copies of complete sets or in cooperation with the International individual Standards delivered, or Association for Food Protection (lAFP) they can instantly down-load created the 3-A Web site to promote electronic PDF files right to their awareness of the 3-A Program and to desktop. Multi-user provide the opportunity to order access to PDF .^^51 3-A Standards online. Standards is also 11 *91 The 3-A Web site's online store available for corp- * J offers the 3-A Standards in English and orate networks. . Purchase 3-A Standards Online SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 727 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W nternational Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.foodprotection.org The use of the Audiovisual Library is a benefit for the Association Members. Please limit your requests to five videos. Material from the Audiovisual Library can be checked out for 2 weeks only so that all Members can benefit from its use. (SHIP TO: Please print or type.) Member#. __ First Name _ __M.l- Last Name_ Company --— Job Title— - Mailing Address __ (Please specify: d Home n Work) City _ _ State or Province_ Postal Code/Zip + 4__ _ Country _ Telephone#_ - Fax #_ E-mail _ Date Needed _ _ For Association PLEASE CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX Members Only AUDIOVISUAL LIBRARY DAIRY d E3I8() The New Superfund: What It is n F2143 (tMP Basics; Ciuidelines for Maintenance Personnel n 01170 3-A Symbol Council & How It Works-(2) Changes in n 01180 10 Points to Oairy Quality the Removal PrtK'ess; Removal n F2148 (iMP - GSP Employee GMP; Personal Hygiene and Practices “I OlOlO The Bulk Milk Hauler: ProttKol & Additional Pn>gram Requirements n F2150 & Procedures d E3190 The New' Superfund; What It is in Ftxxl Manufacturing m F2I47 (iMP Basics; Process ('xmtn)! Practices l1 01020 Clauses of Milkfat Test Variations & How It Works - (3) Enforcement and & IX'pressions Federal Facilities n F2l(i0 (iMP: Sources & (A)nirol of ('xmtamination during Pi\x:essing n 01030 C:old Hard Facts d E32IO The New Superfund: W'hai It is Cl 01040 Ether Extraction Methtxl for Oetermina- & How It Works - (4) Emergency n F2I65 HAC(]P and Its Application tion of Raw Milk Preparedness & C^ommunity to the F(x>d Industry D 01050 The Farm Bulk Milk Hauler Right-to-Know n F2180 HAC('.P: Safe Fo 728 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 iiteai 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W nternat onal Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.foodprotection.org SHIP TO: (Please print or type. All areas must be completed in order to process.) Member # - _ . First Name- - M.l._Last Name_ Job Title - -Company_ Mailing Address (Please specify: T Home O Work) City---- State or Province- Postal Code/Zip + 4-Country Telephone # -Fax # — E-mail- _ BOOKLETS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price Total Proc^^res to Investigate Watertwrne Illness—2nd Edition $^to.oo $20.00 Procedures to Investigate Foodborne Illness—5th Edition 10.00 20.00 SHIPPING AND HANDLING - $2.00 (US) $4.00 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling Multiple copies available Booklets Total Each additional booklet $1.00 at reduced prices. Phone our office for pricing information on quantities of 25 or more. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price TOTAL Pocket Guide to Dairy Sanitation (minimum order of 10) $ .50 $ .75 Before Disaster Strikes...A Guide to Food Safety in the Home (minimum order of 10) .50 .75 'Developing HACCP Plans - A Five-Part Series (as published in DFESi 15.00 15.00 'Surveillance of Foodborne Disease - A Four-Part Series (as published in JFP) ' 18.75 18.75 i 'Annual Meeting Abstract Book Supplement (year reouested ) i 25.00 25.00 1 _ . SHIPPING AND HANDLING - Guide Booklets - per 10 $2.50 (US) $3.50 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling Other Publications Total Includes shipping and handling Payment Must be Enclosed for Order to be Processed * US Funds on US Bank * □ CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ENCLOSED □ □ □ 3 Easy Ways to Order: Phone: 515.276.3344; 800.369.6337 Exp. Date _ Fax: 515.276.8655 SIGNATURE. Mail: to the Association address listed above. Prices effective through August 31, 2001 SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 729 Invite A Colleague to Join The International Association for Food Protection, founded in 1911, is a non-profit educational association of food safety professionals with a mission "to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply." ^ Who Should Join? The Association is comprised of a diverse membership of 3,000 people from 50 nations. The International Association for Food Protection Members belong to all facets of the food protection arena including: Industry, Government and Academia. ^ Why Should They Become Association Members? Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation — A reviewed monthly publication that provides practical and applied research articles and association news, updates, and other related information for food safety professionals. All Members receive this publication as part of their Membership. Journal of Food Protection — An international, refereed scientific journal of research and review papers on topics in food science and food aspects of animal and plant sciences. This journal is available to all individuals who request it with their Mem¬ bership. The Audiovisual Library — Provides quality training videos dealing with various food safety issues. Members are allowed free use of these videos. The Annual Meeting — Is a unique educational event; three days of technical sessions, symposia and exhibits provide attendees with over 250 presentations on current topics in food protection. The International Association for Food Protection Members receive a substantially reduced registration fee. ^ Help Others Find Out About the Association.,. To learn more about the Association and the many other benefits and opportunities available to a Member, visit our Web site: www.foodprotection.org or please call 515.276.3344 or 800.369.6337; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected]. We will be happy to send new Member information if you provide us the necessary mailing information. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Internal onal Association for Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.foodprotection.org 730 Dairy, Food and [nvironmentol Sanitation - SEPTEMBER 2000 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W nternat onal Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.foodprotection.org MEMBERSHIP DATA: Prefix (□ Prof. □ Dr. □ Mr. □ Ms.) First Name_ _M.I.. Last Name, Company_ Job Title_ Mailing Address_ (Please specify: Home 3 Work) City_ State or Province. Postal Code/Zip -i- 4. Country_ Telephone #_ Fax #_ E-mail_ Canada/ MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES: US Mexico International □ Membership with JFP & DFES ^ BEST $150.00 $175.00 $220.00 ^ VALUE (12 issues of the Journal of Food Protection and Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation) □ Membership with DFES $90.00 $100.00 $115.00 (12 issues of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation) □ Sustaining Membership $525.00 $525.00 $525.00 (Includes advertising and exhibit discounts and more! Contact the Association office for additional benefits) ^Student Membership □ JFP and DFES $75.00 $100.00 $145.00 □ Journal of Food Protection $45.00 $60.00 $90.00 □ Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation $45.00 $55.00 $70.00 ^Student verification must accompany this form All Prices Include Shipping & Handling TOTAL MEMBERSHIP PAYMENT: $- US FUNDS on US BANK Payment Options: (Prices effective through August 31,2001) □ Check Enclosed □ □ □ t Card # Exp. Date_ Signature. DO NOT USE THIS FORM FOR RENEWALS SEPTEMBER 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 731 THOUGHTS on Today’s Food Safety... Food- and Waterborne Finally, oocysts are excreted in high numbers. The symptoms of cryptosporidiosis are severe fluid loss, Parasitic Protozoa fever, and abdominal pain, and have been likened to those of cholera. They begin by two to twenty- Nigel Cook five days after oocyst ingestion, and usually last for Central Science Laboratory two to four weeks. Volunteer studies have shown York, United Kingdom that as few as ten oocysts can cause infection. Whereas Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts contain infectious stages immediately after excretion from an infected individual, Cyclospora arasitic protozoa are single-celled microscopic P oocysts require some time to mature (or sporulate) animals which require a host in order to in the environment. Sporulation is generally com¬ reproduce. Several types are pathogenic for plete by 12 days at 30°C, and requires higher oxy¬ humans, causing intestinal infections and diarrhea. gen concentrations than those found in the gas¬ They can, in some circumstances, contaminate trointestinal tract. Sporulated oocysts each contain water and foodstuffs and cause outbreaks of gastro¬ two sporocysts; these structures themselves contain intestinal disease. two infectious sporozoites. In the gut, free sporozoi¬ The main protozoan parasites that do this are tes penetrate the cells lining the gut wall and Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and proceed to form further stages in the complex Cyclospora cayetanensis (Ciarcia and Bruckner, Cyclospora life cycle. The end result is that infected 1988). These creatures have a complex life cycle gut cells die and slough off the intestinal wall along with several stages. Each parasite has a stage in with unsporulated oocsyts, to be excreted in feces. which the cell is robust enough to allow it to survive The symptoms of cyclosporiasis are prolonged in the environment until a suitable host takes and watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, weight loss, ingests it. With Giardia, which reproduces asexu- myalgia, and occasionally vomiting and/or fever. ally, this stage is called a cyst; within these bodies, These symptoms begin about one week after inges¬ infectious stages, called trophozoites, are contained. tion of the agent and can persist for a month or After entry into a host’s gastrointestinal tract each longer. It is believed that ingestion of less than ten Giardia cyst releases two trophozoites, which oocysts is capable of causing infection. attach to the gut wail and, through replication, Outbreaks of giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and spread over it and block its surface leading to malfunction. Before leaving the gut, some trophozoi¬ cyclosporiasis are associated with consumption of tes form cysts, and the cycle is thus perpetuated. contaminated food or water. This contamination can The symptoms of giardiasis are predominantly arise directly from input of excreted cysts or oocysts diarrhea, with flatulence and abdominal cramps. from infected humans, but some animals can also be They begin five to twenty eight days after ingestion sources of infection (Smith et al., 1995). There are of the parasite; acute symptoms normally last for a no known animal hosts for human pathogenic week and chronic symptoms for several months. Cyclospora, but cattle and other domestic animals Whereas with many bacterial pathogens several such as lambs, goats, and horses can carry thousand cells are required to produce illness, Cryptosporidium, while beavers have been impli¬ ingestion of ten or more Giardia cysts is sufficient cated as reservoirs of Giardia in headwaters of to infect a susceptible person. Giardiasis is the most many cold water streams. It is known that low common parasitic infection in the world. densities of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia Cryposporidium and Cyclospora display sexual cysts can often occur in water, and, since the reproduction and their environmental stages are number needed to infect an individual may be low, called oocysts; the infectious cells they contain are this could account for the large waterborne out¬ termed sporozoites. Each Cryptosporidium oocyst breaks which have been recorded worldwide (Smith releases four sporozoites. These invade the intestinal et al., 1995). Examples are the 1987 outbreak which cells, in which they form multiple life stages. occurred in Carollton, Georgia USA in which an Continued on page 720 732 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - SEPTEMBER 2000 Plan toAttend lAF/> The leading conference August 5-8, 2001 food safety Protection Food for Association International Cal the Experts at Nebon-Jamesonl To US, service means offering a broad product line to provide food processors with one-stop shopping convenience. 1 Sanitation, laboratory, maintenance I and more- all with one toll free call! 1 OVER 8000 PRODUCTS! USER-FRIENDLY DESCRIPTIONS! HARD-TO-FIND & SPECIALTY ITEMS! GOOD, HONEST VALUE! No other single source is as helpful or as complete as the Nelson-Jameson Buyers Guide! Neison-Jameson, Inc._ 2400 E. 5th St., P.O. Box 647 Phone 800*826*8302 Marshfield, Wl 54449 Nelson*[email protected] fax 800.472.0840 Reader Service No. 173 \