John Calvin and the Printed Book
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Calvin2005 Page i Friday, August 5, 2005 1:43 PM John Calvin and the Printed Book Calvin2005 Page ii Friday, August 5, 2005 1:43 PM Habent sua fata libelli Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Series General Editor Raymond A. Mentzer University of Iowa Editorial Board of Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Elaine Beilin Helen Nader Framingham State College University of Arizona Miriam U. Chrisman Charles G. Nauert University of Massachusetts, Emerita University of Missouri, Emeritus Barbara B. Diefendorf Theodore K. Rabb Boston University Princeton University Paula Findlen Max Reinhart Stanford University University of Georgia Scott H. Hendrix Sheryl E. Reiss Princeton Theological Seminary Cornell University Jane Campbell Hutchison John D. Roth University of Wisconsin–Madison Goshen College Ralph Keen Robert V. Schnucker University of Iowa Tr uman State University, Emeritus Robert M. Kingdon Nicholas Terpstra University of Wisconsin, Emeritus University of Toronto Mary B. McKinley Margo Todd University of Virginia University of Pennsylvania Merry Wiesner-Hanks University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee 00PrelimsCalvin Page iv Friday, September 2, 2005 2:02 PM Copyright 2005 by Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri All rights reserved. Published 2005. Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Series tsup.truman.edu Translation of Jean-François Gilmont, Jean Calvin et le livre imprimé, edition published by Droz, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland, © copyright 1997 by Librairie Droz SA. Cover illustration: “Ionnes Calvinus Natus novioduni Picardorum,” in John Calvin, Joannis Calvini Noviodumensis opera omniain novem tomos digesta. Amsterdam: Johann Jacob Schipper, 1667, 1:*4v. Cover and title page design: Teresa Wheeler Type: AGaramond, copyright Adobe Systems Inc. Printed by Thomson-Shore, Dexter, Michigan USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gilmont, Jean François. [Jean Calvin et le livre imprimé. English] John Calvin and the printed book / Jean-Francois Gilmont ; translated by Karin Maag. p. cm. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies ; v. 72) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-931112-56-7 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-931112-56-8 (alk. paper) 1. Printing—Switzerland-Geneva—History—16th century. 2. Early printed books— Switzerland—Geneva—16th century—Bibliography. 3. Christian literature—Publishing— Europe—History—16th century. 4. Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564—Bibliography. 5. Calvin, Jean, 1509–1564—Books and reading. 6. Reformation—Switzerland—Geneva. 7. Cen- sorship—Switzerland—Geneva. 8. Geneva (Switzerland)—Imprints. I. Title. II. Series. Z176.G2G5513 2005 686.2'092—dc22 2005021531 No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means without written permission from the publisher. ∞ The paper in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. Calvin2005 Page v Friday, August 5, 2005 1:43 PM Contents Translator’s Preface...............................................................................................vii Preface: Books in the Life of Calvin.......................................................................ix Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. xvii Abbreviations....................................................................................................... xix Chapter One: Introductory Remarks 1. Three Prefatory Anecdotes..........................................................................1 2. The Journey of the Reformer......................................................................9 3. His Context—People, Ideas, and Institutions...........................................18 4. Oral Instruction........................................................................................26 5. On the Usefulness of the Pen....................................................................32 Chapter Two: Printed Works 1. The Institutes of the Christian Religion .......................................................39 2. The Scripture Commentaries....................................................................45 3. Ecclesiastical Writings ..............................................................................63 4. Polemical Works ......................................................................................69 5. The Sermons in Print ...............................................................................73 Chapter Three: Writing 1. Choosing to Write....................................................................................83 2. Selecting a Language...............................................................................113 3. Brevity and Ease of Writing....................................................................121 4. Calvin’s Work Environment...................................................................127 Calvin2005TOC.fm Page vi Tuesday, August 30, 2005 10:13 AM vi Contents Chapter Four: Reading Practices 1. Calvin’s Library ......................................................................................135 2. The Biblical Text....................................................................................143 3. Patristic and Classical Sources.................................................................156 4. Contemporary Authors...........................................................................167 5. An Ordinary Christian’s Books ..............................................................177 Chapter Five: Printing 1. Choosing a Printer..................................................................................179 2. The Art of Dedications...........................................................................195 3. Calvin’s Knowledge of the Book World..................................................212 Chapter Six: Censorship 1. The Censor in Geneva—the Legal Foundations of Genevan Censorship...........................................................................245 2. Censored by the Genevan Council .........................................................265 3. Censorship Outside Geneva—Calvin as a Censor...................................270 Chapter Seven: Conclusion........................................................................277 Appendix 1: Calvin’s Productivity ......................................................................293 Appendix 2: Exegetical Commentaries and Oral Teaching .................................296 Appendix 3: Polemical Treatises in Chronological Order....................................299 Appendix 4: The Structure of the Tractatus omnes (1576)...................................301 Appendix 5: French and Latin Translations........................................................303 Appendix 6: Calvin’s Dedications.......................................................................307 Bibliography.......................................................................................................309 Index ..................................................................................................................323 00TransCalvin Page vii Wednesday, September 21, 2005 9:31 AM Translator’s Preface In the spring of 2002, at the request of Jean-François Gilmont, I began the translation of his work on Calvin and the world of printing, originally published by Droz in Geneva in 1997. I had previously served as translator and English-language editor for another work edited by Professor Gilmont, The Reformation and the Book, published by Ashgate in 1999. Professor Gilmont is one of the foremost experts on Calvin’s writings and I deeply appreciated the opportunity to translate this current text. I wish to thank five students at Calvin College who helped with various stages of the project over the course of four summers: Ruth Speyer (2002), Joshua Wierenga (2003), Jeff Rop and Allison Graff (2004), and Lauren Colyn (2005). They proofread sections and suggested changes, typed and verified footnotes, and helped to create the bibliography. Without their able assistance, the project would have taken much longer. Susan Schmurr, the Meeter Center program coordinator, also valiantly typed large sections of the text and helped work on the bibliography. I take responsibility for any remaining flaws in the translation. I am also deeply grateful to Raymond Mentzer, general editor of the Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies series, and to the staff at the Truman State University Press for their interest in this work and their help throughout the publishing process. It is my hope that this work will prove to be a valuable resource for English- speaking students, Reformation scholars, and general readers who want to learn more about what Calvin read and wrote, and how he interacted with the world of print. Karin Maag Grand Rapids, Michigan July 2005 vii Calvin2005 Page ix Friday, August 5, 2005 1:43 PM Preface Books in the Life of Calvin John Calvin was a landmark figure in the history of Christianity. Thanks to his strong personality, he established and shaped a confessional branch of the Christian church, a branch that has become firmly rooted and has flourished throughout the centuries. At the same time, the Reformer from Noyon was himself rooted in a specific historical context. He influenced his contemporaries and future generations by mak- ing use of the techniques of his day. In this work, I intend to analyze one of the media