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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter Et Al USOO6665546B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Dec. 16, 2003 (54) HIGH SPEED, POINT-TO-POINT, (56) References Cited MILLIMETER WAVE DATED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,701,591 A * 12/1997 Wong .......................... 455/63 (75) Inventors: Louis Slaughter, Weston, MA (US); 5,890.055 A * 3/1999 Chu et al...................... 455/23 Jon Hill, Socorro, NM (US); Thomas 5.936,578 A * 8/1999 Driessen et al. .............. 455/65 Lambert, Makawao, HI (US); Huan Nguyen, Annandale, VA (US); Randall (List continued on next page.) Olsen, Carlsbad, CA (US); John Lovberg, San Diego, CA (US); Primary Examiner William Trost Kenneth Y. Tang, Alpine, CA (US); ASSistant Examiner Rafael Perez-Gutierrez Vladimir Kolinko, San Diego, CA (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm John R. Ross; John R. Ross, (US) III (73) Assignee: Trex Enterprises Corporation, San (57) ABSTRACT Diego, CA (US) A point-to-point, wireless, millimeter wave trunk line com (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this munications link at high data rates in excess of 1 Gbps and patent is extended or adjusted under 35 at ranges of Several miles during normal weather conditions. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. This link is combined with an Ethernet network to provide high Speed digital data communication among a large num This patent is Subject to a terminal dis ber of users. In a preferred embodiment a trunk line com claimer. munication link operates within the 92 to 95 GHZ portion of the millimeter spectrum. A first transceiver transmits at a first bandwidth and receives at a second bandwidth both (21) Appl. No.: 09/882,482 within the above Spectral range. A Second transceiver trans (22) Filed: Jun. 14, 2001 mits at the second bandwidth and receives at the first bandwidth. The transceivers are equipped with antennas (65) Prior Publication Data providing beam divergence Small enough to ensure efficient US 2002/0164951 A1 Nov. 7, 2002 Spatial and directional partitioning of the data channels So that an almost unlimited number of transceivers will be able Related U.S. Application Data to Simultaneously use the Same Spectrum. Antennas and rigid Support towers are described to maintain beam direc (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/872.542, filed on tional stability to less than one-half the half-power beam Jun. 2, 2001, and a continuation-in-part of application No. width. In a preferred embodiment the first and second 09/847,629, filed on May 2, 2001. spectral ranges are 92.3-93.2 GHz and 94.1-95.0 GHz and (51) Int. Cl." .......................... H09M 1/00; H04B 17/00 the half power beam width is about 0.36 degrees or less. In (52) U.S. Cl. ...................... 455/562.1; 455/505; 455/10; this preferred embodiment the Ethernet network is a Gigabit 455/25; 455/67.15; 370/310 Ethernet providing data communication among Switch (58) Field of Search ................................. 455/562, 505, banks at 1 gigabits per Second and communication among a 455/67.5, 10, 25, 560, 561, 67.1, 73,562.1, large number of users at 100 Mbps. 67.15, 67.11; 343/894, 840, 720, 757, 760, 874; 379/399.01, 93.01; 370/310 55 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets - 1.25 Gbps --- 622 Mbps - COMMUNICATION RLAY FACTY STATION 70 s É.-100 - - - HOTELSWITCH ROOM US 6,665,546 B2 Page 2 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2002/0164958 A1 * 11/2002 Slaughter et al. .............. 455/8 2002/O164959 A1 11/2002 Olsen et al. ................ 455/505 5.999,519 A * 12/1999 Basile et al................. 370/310 2002/0164960 A1 * 11/2002 Slaughter et al. ........... 455/500 6,006,070 A * 12/1999 Wong .............. ... 455/63 2002/0165001 A1 * 11/2002 Phillips et al............... 455/500 6,016,313 A * 1/2000 Foster, Jr. et al. ... 455/562 2002/O1650O2 A1 11/2002 Kolinko et al. ............. 455/500 6,233,435 B1 * 5/2001 Wong .............. ... 455/63 2002/0177405 A1 11/2002 Chedester et al. ............ 455/73 6,240,274 B1 * 5/2001 Izadpanah ..... ... 455/39 2002/O187754 A1 12/2002 Chedester et al. ............ 455/73 6,366,584 B1 * 4/2002 Gulliford et al. ... 370/403 2002/O187769 A1 12/2002 Johnson et al. .......... 455/562.1 6,556,836 B2 * 4/2003 Lovberg et al... ... 455/505 2003/0022694 A1 1/2003 Olsen et al. ...... ... 455/562.1 2002/O164945 A1 11/2002 Olsen et al. ... 455/3.01 2003/0027586 A1 2/2003 Johnson et al. ............. 455/517 2002/O164946 A1 11/2002 Olsen et al. ... 455/562.1 2003/0060171 A1 * 3/2003 Lovberg et al. ... ... 455/73 2002/0164951 A1 * 11/2002 Slaughter et al. ... 455/25 2002/0164957 A1 * 11/2002 Lovberg et al. ............. 455/424 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 1 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 2 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 U.S. Patent US 6,665,546 B2 (WNOILVLS)MEAIESEN |Z NNDS) U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 7 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 (8NOILVLS)MELLIWSNVHL U.S. Patent US 6,665,546 B2 (8NOIIVIS)MEAIBOEM |7 NNT,5) U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 9 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 LTTOA|-ESOV ZH5)|| HETTONLNOOOOA! Z9| | __H-<HE?H-&| L?ìO| | | | | | | CJETTO?H_LNOO| HOLVITTIOSO; A-Z JOSS?OOddÕHOW! r–– /9|-----*----------------Ë?ºº,----- U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 12 Of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 13 Of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 760 740 720 CD 720 y s NS 750 FIG. 9A O U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 14 Of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 LEE-Z99 U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 15 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 O O O v TE_LOH r=- U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 16 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 2003 Sheet 17 of 17 US 6,665,546 B2 US 6,665,546 B2 1 2 HIGH SPEED, POINT-TO-POINT, 1.544 Mbps). Recently, microwave systems operation in the MILLIMETER WAVE DATED 11 to 38 Ghz band have reportably been designed to transmit COMMUNICATION SYSTEM at rates up to 155 Mbps (which is a standard transmit frequency known as “OC-3 Standard”) using high order This application is a continuation-in-part application of modulation Schemes. Ser. No. 09/847,629 filed May 2, 2001 and Ser. No. 09/872, 542 filed Jun. 2, 2001. The present invention relates to Data Rate vs Frequency wireleSS communications links and Specifically to high data Bandwidth-efficient modulation Schemes allow, as a gen rate point-to-point linkS. eral rule, transmission of data at rates of 1 to 10 bits per HZ BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION of available bandwidth in spectral ranges including radio wave lengths to microwave wavelengths. Data transmission Wireless Communication requirements of 1 to tens of Gbps thus would require hundreds of MHz of available bandwidth for transmission. Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multi-Point 15 Equitable sharing of the frequency spectrum between radio, WireleSS communications links, using portions of the television, telephone, emergency Services, military and other electromagnetic spectrum, are well known. Most Such wire Services typically limits Specific frequency band allocations leSS communication at least in terms of data transmitted is to about 10% fractional bandwidth (i.e., range of frequencies one way, point to multi-point, which includes commercial equal to about 10% of center frequency). AM radio, at radio and television. However there are many examples of almost 100% fractional bandwidth (550 to 1650 GHz) is an point-to-point wireleSS communication. Mobile telephone anomaly; FM radio, at 20% fractional bandwidth, is also Systems that have recently become very popular are atypical compared to more recent frequency allocations, examples of low-data-rate, point-to-point communication. which rarely exceed 10% fractional bandwidth. Microwave transmitters on telephone System trunk lines are Reliability Requirements another example of prior art, point-to-point wireleSS com 25 munication at much higher data rates. The prior art includes Reliability typically required for wireleSS data transmis a few examples of point-to-point laser communication at Sion is very high, consistent with that required for hardwired infrared and visible wavelengths. links including fiber optics. Typical Specifications for error rates are less than one bit in ten billion (10"bit-error rates), Need for High Volume Information Transmission and link availability of 99.999% (5 minutes of down time The need for faster (i, e., higher Volume per unit time) per year). This necessitates all-weather link operability, in information transmission is growing rapidly. Today and into fog and Snow, and at rain rates up to 100 mm/hour in many the foreseeable future transmission of information is and S. will be digital with volume measured in bits per second. To transmit a typical telephone conversation digitally utilizes 35 Weather Conditions about 5,000 bits per second (5 Kbits per second). Typical In conjunction with the above availability requirements, personal computer modems connected to the Internet oper weather-related attenuation limits the useful range of wire ate at, for example, 56 Kbits per Second. Music can be leSS data transmission at all wavelengths shorter than the transmitted point to point in real time with good quality very long radio waves. Typical ranges in a heavy rainstorm using MP3 technology at digital data rates of 64 Kbits per 40 Second.
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